CLS JEEAD-18-19 XIII Phy Target-3 SET-1 Chapter-8 PDF

Chapter 8
Mechanical Properties of Fluids

Solutions
SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions (One option is correct)
1. Pressure has the dimensions
(1) [ML–1T–2] (2) [ML0T–1] (3) [ML1T–1] (4) [MLT–2]
Sol. Answer (1)
2. The radius of one arm of a hydraulic lift is three times the radius of the other arm. What force should be applied
on the narrow arm so as to lift 50 kg at the wider arm?
(1) 60 N (2) 54.4 N (3) 26.7 N (4) 30 N
Sol. Answer (2)
Let radius of narrow arm = r
1
Then radius of broader arm = r = 3r
2 1
The mass to be lifted at broader arm = 50 kg, then from Pascal’s law
F1 F2

r12  r22
2
⎛ r1 ⎞ 1
F1 = ⎜ ⎟ (50g ) =  490 = 54.4 N
⎝ r2 ⎠ 9
3. The pressure at two points in a liquid in pascal are P and 2P. The piston attached to the mouth of the liquid
is given a push with pressure 2 Pa. The respective pressures at the two points now are in the ratio
P–2 P 2 P 1 P –1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2P – 2 2P  2 2P  1 2P – 1
Sol. Answer (2)
Pascal’s law of transmission of fluid pressure.
4. An incompressible liquid of density  is enclosed with two frictionless pistons one of cross-sectional area A
and the other of 4A. When the narrow piston moves in by a distance h, the wider piston moves out by a
distance.
h h
(1) h (2) 4h (3) (4)
4 5
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72 Mechanical Properties of Fluids Solutions of Assignment
Sol. Answer (3)

Since the fluid is incompressible,
Volume of fluid pushed in = volume of fluid moved out.
 Ah  4 A  h
h
 h 
4
5. The pressure at a point in water is 10 N/m2. The depth below this point where the pressure becomes double
is (Given density of water = 103 kg m–3, g = 10 m s–2)
(1) 1 mm (2) 1 cm (3) 1 m (4) 10 cm
Sol. Answer (1)
Let the pressure become double at a depth h below the given point.
Thus 20 N/m2 = 10 N/m2 + gh
 gh = 10
10
 h  10 –3 m = 1 mm [Given,  = 103 kg m–3, g = 10 m s–2]
10 4
6. A block of density  floats in a liquid with its one third volume immersed. The density of the liquid is
 
(1)  (2) (3) (4) 3
3 2
Sol. Answer (4)
Let the volume of the block be V.
Since the block floats in water
Weight of the block = weight of the liquid displaced
Let the density of liquid = 
Then, V
V/3
V
⇒ V g  g
3
⇒   3
7. A piece of steel has a weight W in air, W1 when completely immersed in water and W2 when completely
immersed in an unknown liquid. The relative density (specific gravity) of liquid is
W  W1 W  W2 W1  W2 W1  W2
(1) W  W (2) W  W1 (3) W  W1 (4) W  W2
2
Sol. Answer (2)

w1 = w – wvg, w2 = w – lvg
l w2  w w  w2
  
w w1  w w  w1
Solutions of Assignment Mechanical Properties of Fluids 73
1
8. A ball made up of a cork material of relative density , is dropped from rest from a height 20 m into a lake.
2
Neglecting all dissipative forces, calculate the maximum depth to which the body sinks before returning to float
on the surface (poission ratio is zero)
(1) 10 m (2) 40 m (3) 20 m (4) 5 m
Sol. Answer (3)
From work energy theorem,
h = 20 m
mg(h + 20) = lV  g  h
l  V  g  h
h  20  = 2h h
B  Vg
 h = 20 m
9. What is the barometric height of a liquid of density 3.4 g cm–3 at a place, where that for mercury barometer
is 70 cm?
(1) 70 cm (2) 140 cm (3) 280 cm (4) 340 cm
Sol. Answer (3)
gh = gh
h 13.6  70
h   = 280 cm
 3.4
10. A wooden cube floats just inside the water, when a mass of x (in grams) is placed on it. If the mass is removed,
x
the cube floats with a height (cm) above the water surface. The length of the side of cube is (density
3
100
of water is 1000 kg/m )
(1) 10 cm (2) 15 cm (3) 20 cm (4) 30 cm
Sol. Answer (1)
x
Extra depth submerged on placing the block on the wooden cube = cm
100
⎛ x  10 ⎞
2
 10–3 xg = .l ⎜ ⎟ g
2
⎝ 100 ⎠
Where x = Mass of block (in g)
 = Density of water
l = Side of cube
1
 l m = 10 cm
10
11. When at rest a liquid stands at the same level in the tubes shown in figure. But as indicated a height difference
h occurs when the system is given an acceleration a towards the right. Here h is equal to
h
a
L
aL gL gL aL
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2g 2a a g
Sol. Answer (4)

h
tan   g h
L
u
a a
tan  
g
aL
h
g h
12. A ball floats on the surface of water in a container exposed to the atmosphere. Volume V1 of its volume in
inside the water. If the container is now covered and the air is pumped out. Now let V2 be the volume immersed
in water, then
(1) V1 = V2 (2) V1 > V2 (3) V2 > V1 (4) V2 = 0
Sol. Answer (1)
The net force acting on the ball is independent of the pressure, since force experience by the ball is only
buoyancy force & gravity force
13. If equal masses of two liquids of densities d1 and d2 are mixed together, the density of the mixture is
d1d2 2d1d2 d1d2 (d1  d 2 )
(1) (2) (3) (4)
(d1  d2 ) (d1  d2 ) 2(d1  d2 ) 2
Sol. Answer (2)
14. The angle which the free surface of a liquid filled in a container will make with horizontal if the container is
g
accelerated horizontally with acceleration is
3
(1) 30° (2) 45° (3) 60° (4) 15°
Sol. Answer (1)
15. A container of cross-section area A resting on a horizontal surface, holds two immiscible and incompressible
liquids of densities  and 2 as shown in figure. The lower density liquid is open to the atmosphere having
pressure P0. The pressure at the bottom of the container is
 h
2 h
(1) 3hg – P0 (2) 3hg (3) 3hg + P0 (4) 2hg + P0

Sol. Answer (3)
p0
Pressure at bottom = P0 + hg + 2hg = P0  3hg
16. The cross-sections of a pipe at two points A and B are in the ratio 1:4. If the speed of water flowing through
the pipe at point A is v, its speed at point B is
v v
(1) 4v (2) (3) 2v (4)
4 2
Sol. Answer (2)
AA 1
Given that A  4
B
According to the equation of continuity,

AAvA = ABvB
AAv A
  constant
ABv B
vA A 4
  B 
vB AA 1
v
 vB 
4
17. The working of a scent sprayer is based on

(1) Archimedes’ principle (2) Bernoulli’s principle (3) Charles’ law (4) Boyle’s law
Sol. Answer (2)
18. The velocity of efflux of a fluid through an orifice 15 cm below the fluid surface (which is open to the
atmosphere) is [Take g = 10 m s–2]
1 1
(1) 3 m s–1 (2) 3 m s–1 (3) m s–1 (4) m s –1
3 3
Sol. Answer (1)
Velocity of efflux v  2gh
Here h = 15 cm = 0.15 m
 v  2  10  0.15
v= 3 m s–1
19. In magnus effect, lift occurs towards the direction where

(1) Relative velocity of the fluid is greater (2) Relative velocity of the fluid is smaller
(3) Pressure is greater (4) Kinetic energy of the fluid is smaller
Sol. Answer (1)
20. Bernoulli’s equation is ideally valid for

(1) Non-steady flow (2) Compressible liquids (3) Streamlined flow (4) Turbulent flow
Sol. Answer (3)
21. In the figure shown below, a fluid of density 2×103 kg m–3 is flowing in a horizontal pipe. The speed of water
at point A is 4 cm s–1, what is its speed at point B?
2.5 mm
A B
(1) 3 cm s–1 (2) 22.72 cm s–1 (3) 6 cm s–1 (4) 60 cm s–1

Sol. Answer (2)
According to Bernoulli’s principle, for points at same horizontal level
1 2 1
PA  v A  PB  v B2
2 2
1 2 1
v B  (PA – PB )  v A2 ...(i)
2 2
But, PA – PB = gh
1 2 1
 v B  gh  v A2
2 2
 vB2 = 2gh + vA2
g = 10 m s–2
vA = 4 cm s–1
= 0.04 m s–1
h = 2.5 mm = 2.5 × 10–3 m
 vB2 = 2 × 10 × 2.5 × 10–3 + (0.04)2
= 51.6 × 10–3
= 516 × 10–4 m2/s2
 vB = 22.72 × 10–2 m/s
= 22.72 cm/s
22. An open water tank has an orifice 10 cm below the surface of water. If there is no loss of energy, then what
is the speed of efflux? (Take g = 10 m s–2)
(1) 1.414 m s–1 (2) 2.5 m s–1 (3) 6.32 m s–1 (4) 3.7 m s–1
Sol. Answer (1)
vefflux = 2gh
h = 10 cm = 0.1 m
v efflux = 2  10  0.1
= 2 m s–1
= 1.414 m s–1
23. A cubical box of wine has a small spout located in one of the bottom corners. When the box is full and placed
on a level surface, opening the spout results in a flow of wine with a speed of v0. When the box is half empty,
someone lifts it at 45º so that the spout is at the lowest point. When the spout is opened, the wine flow out
with a speed of
v0 v0 v0
(1) v0 (2) (3) (4)
2 2 4
2
Sol. Answer (4)
v 0  2gh  2ga
a
v1  2g 
2 v0
v0
v1 
4
2
Since x will be half the diagonal of one of the force.
a x
 x
2
24. A vessel is filled with two different liquids of densities  and 2 respectively as shown in the figure. The velocity
h
of flow of liquid through a hole at height from bottom is
2
h 
h 2
h/2
1
(1) 2gh (2) 3 hg (3) 3 hg (4) 2 2 hg
2
Sol. Answer (1)
Applying Bernoulli’s equation between 1 and 2
h 1
P0  hg   2  g  0  P0  (2)v 2
2 2
2hg = v2 2
1
 v  2gh
25. A liquid of density  is filled in a vessel up to height H and a hole of cross section area A is made at a depth
h below the free surface of liquid. The speed of liquid coming out of the hole is independent of
(i) h (ii) a
(iii)  (iv) g
(1) (iii) only (2) (i) & (iv) (3) (ii), (iii) & (iv) (4) (iii) & (iv)
Sol. Answer (1)

Velocity of efflux is given by
2gh
v  Aa
A  a2
2
(Here A, represent cross-sectional area of tank and cross-sectional area of hole respectively)
26. Water flows through a horizontal pipe of radius 1 cm at a speed of 8 cm s–1. What will be the speed of flow
of water under similar conditions, if the radius of the pipe is doubled?
(1) 8 cm s–1 (2) 4 cm s–1 (3) 2 cm s–1 (4) 1 cm s–1
Sol. Answer (3)
From equation of continuity,
A1v1 = A2v2
r12v1 = r22v2
2
v 2 ⎛ r1 ⎞ 1
  ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ 
v1 ⎝ r2 ⎠ 4
v2 = 2 cm/s
27. Bernoulli’s equation is conservation of

(1) Energy (2) Momentum (3) Angular momentum (4) Mass
Sol. Answer (1)
28. Reynolds number for a liquid of density , viscosity  and flowing through a pipe of diameter D, is given by
vD D v  vD

(1) (2) (3) (4)
 v D 
Sol. Answer (1)
29. The amount of work done in blowing up a soap bubble of radius 2 cm is [Given surface tension of soap solution
= 4 × 10–2 N m–1]
(1) 1.28 × 10–4 J (2) 32 × 10–4J (3) 1.08 × 10–4J (4) 4.02 × 10–4 J
Sol. Answer (4)
Work done = Surface tension × Increase in surface area
= S × 2 × 4r 2 (Bubble has two free surfaces)

= 4 × 10–2 × 2 × 4 × (0.02)2
= 128 × 10–6 J
= 4.02 × 10–4 J
30. A liquid does not wet a solid surface if the angle of contact for the given pair of liquid and solid surfaces is
(1) 0º (2) 90º (3) 60º (4) 120º
Sol. Answer (4)
31. Adding detergents to the water increases its
(1) Surface tension (2) Angle of contact
(3) Wetting action (4) Viscosity
Sol. Answer (3)
32. Water rises to a height h when a capillary of radius r is dipped in water. For another capillary of radius 2r
dipped in water, it rises to the height
h h
(1) h (2) 2h (3) (4)
4 2
Sol. Answer (4)
Rise of liquid in a capillary tube is given as
2S cos 
h
r g
For a given liquid and the capillary tube of a given material, S,  and , remain the same.
2S cos 
 hr = = constant
g
 For the two tubes given

hr = hr
hr = h(2r) [r= 2r is given]
h
 h 
2
33. A spherical drop of water has 2.5 mm radius. If the surface tension of water is 70 × 10–3 N m–1, then the
excess pressure inside the drop is
(1) 70 N m–2 (2) 56 N m–2 (3) 35 N m–2 (4) 48 N m–2
Sol. Answer (2)
2S
Excess pressure inside a water drop =
R
Given, S = 70 × 10–3 N m–1
R = 2.5 mm
= 2.5 × 10–3 m
2  70  10 –3
Excess of pressure = = 56 N m–2
2.5  10 –3
34. Two water droplets merge with each other to form a larger droplet. In this process
(1) Energy is liberated (2) Energy is absorbed
(3) Some mass is converted into energy (4) Energy is neither liberated nor absorbed
Sol. Answer (1)
Area decreases, energy is released.
35. To what height does a liquid of density 0.4 × 103 kg m–3 and surface tension 0.05 Nm–1 rise in a capillary
tube of radius 0.2 mm when dipped in? [Given cos = 0.4, g = 10 m s–2]
(1) 25 cm (2) 15 cm (3) 5 cm (4) 20 cm
Sol. Answer (3)
Rise of liquid in capillary,
2S cos  2  0.05  0.4

h= = = 0.05 m = 5 cm
r g 0.2  10 –3  0.4  103  10
36. The pressure inside an air bubble of radius 2 cm formed 20 cm below an open water surface is (Given surface
tension of water = 70 × 10–3 Nm–1)
(1) 0.3 × 105 Nm–2 (2) 0.2 × 105 Nm–2 (3) 2.03 × 105 Nm–2 (4) 1.03 × 105 Nm–2
Sol. Answer (4)
The excess pressure inside a bubble formed inside a liquid is given by
2S
P = Pi – Po =
R
2S Pa
 Pi  Po 
R
In given case, Po = Pa + gh 20 cm
= 1.01 × 105 N m–2 + (103 × 10 × 0.2) Pi Po

= (1.01 × 105 + 0.02 × 105) N m–2
Air bubble
= 1.03 × 105
2  70  10–3
 Pi = 1.03 × 105 +
0.02
= 1.03 × 105 + 0.00007 × 105
 1.03 × 105 N m–2
37. The minimum force required to separate a light glass plate of perimeter 5m from a water surface is (Given
surface tension of water = 70 × 10–3 N/m)
(1) 350 × 10–3 N (2) 75 × 10–3 N (3) 100 × 10–3 N (4) 150 × 10–3 N
Sol. Answer (1)
F = S × l = 70 × 10–3 × 5 = 350 × 10–3 N
L L r r
38. Three capillaries of length L, and are connected in a series. Their radii are r, and respectively. If
2 3 2 3
a streamlined flow is to be maintained and pressure difference across the first capillary is p, then the pressure
difference across the second capillary will be
p
(1) 2p (2) 8p (3) p (4)
2
Sol. Answer (2)
Since volume flow rate is same for three capillaries in series combination
L L
L 2 3
r
r 2 r
3
P1 P2 P3
Using Poiseuille’s equation,
 P r 4
v Given P1  P
8 L
P
or v
8 L
r 4
P P2
So v  
8 l 8 l
r 4 ⎛r⎞
4
2  ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2⎠
P 8 l
⇒ P2  
8 l ⎛r⎞
4
r 4 2  ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2⎠
P2  8P
39. The work done to break a spherical drop of radius R in n drops of equal size is proportional to
1 1
(1) 2/3
1 (2) 1/3
1 (3) n1/3 – 1 (4) n4/3 – 1
n n
Sol. Answer (3)
Volume will remain same
4 4
R 3  n  r 3
3 3
R3 R
 r  ⇒r 
3
n ⎛ 31 ⎞
⎜⎝ n ⎟⎠
Work done = Change in surface energy

= S( n  4r 2 )  S(4R 2 ) (S = Surface tension Surface energy = S  A)
⎛ 4R 2 ⎞
= S⎜n  2
⎟  S(4R 2 )
⎜⎝ ⎟
n3 ⎠
⎡ 1 ⎤
= S  4R 2 ⎢ n 3  1⎥
⎣ ⎦
1
So work done  n 3  1 .
40. The terminal velocity of small sized spherical body of radius r falling vertically in a viscous liquid is given by
the following proportionality
1 1
(1) (2) r2 (3) (4) r
r2 r
Sol. Answer (2)
2 r 2 (  )g
Vt 
9 
Vt  r 2
41. If Q is the rate of flow of liquid through a capillary tube of length l and radius r at constant pressure P, then
r
the rate of flow of liquid through a capillary tube of radius and length 2l at same pressure head is
3
Q Q Q Q
(1) (2) (3) (4)
162 32 64 81
Sol. Answer (1)
Given,
 Pr4
Q (Volume flow rate through a capillary tube of length l and radius r)
8 l
Now,
4
⎛r⎞
P ⎜ ⎟ r
⎝ 3 ⎠ (Volume flow rate through a capillary tube of length
Q  2l and radius )
8   2l 3
P r 4
Q 
8 l  162
Q
Q 
162
42. When a drop of liquid splits upto a number of drops,

(1) Volume increases and energy is liberated (2) Area increases and energy is liberated
(3) Area decreases and energy is absorbed (4) Area increases and energy is absorbed
Sol. Answer (4)
When a drop of liquid splits into a number of drops
R
then r  1
n3
Final area = n  4r

2
4R 2
= n 2
n3
1
= n 3  4 R
2
1
= n 3 (Initial area)
i.e., Area increases and in this process work is done so energy is absorbed.
1
w  4R 2S(n 3  1)
So option (4) is correct.
43. If two soap bubbles of different radii are connected by a tube

(1) Air flows from the bigger bubble to smaller bubble till the sizes become equal
(2) Air flows from the bigger bubble to smaller bubble till the sizes are interchanged
(3) Air flows from the smaller bubble to the bigger
(4) There is no flow of air
Sol. Answer (3)
1
P , so air flows from smaller bubble to the bigger one.
r
44. There is a horizontal film of soap solution. On it, a thread is placed in the form of a loop. The film is pierced
inside the loop and the thread becomes a circular loop of radius R. If the surface tension of the loop be T,
then what will be the tension in the thread?
R 2
(1) (2) R2T (3) 2RT (4) 2RT
T
Sol. Answer (4)
T is the tension in the string. Net force on a small part AB towards the centre O is
d A B
2T sin  T ' d [∵ d is small]
2
T O d T
Td = 2TR d
T = 2TR
Td
45. The terminal velocity of a sphere of radius R, falling in a viscous fluid, is proportional to
1 1
(1) R (2) (3) R2 (4)
R R2
Sol. Answer (3)
46. Eight raindrops each of radius R fall through air with terminal velocity 6 cm s–1. What is the terminal velocity
of the bigger drop formed by coalescing these drops together?
(1) 18 cm s–1 (2) 24 cm s–1 (3) 15 cm s–1 (4) 20 cm s–1
Sol. Answer (2)
2 R2
Terminal velocity vT  ( –  )g
9 
For the given material and liquid
vT  R 2 (R = Radius of the raindrop)
When the eight raindrops combine together, let radius of new drop be R1
4 4
Then, R13  8  R 3
3 3
⇒ R1  2R
2
vT ⎛R⎞
Thus ⎜ ⎟
vT1 ⎝ R1 ⎠
2
⎛ R ⎞
⎜
⎝ 2R ⎟⎠
VT 1

VT1 4
 VT1  4VT
=4×6
= 24 cm s–1 (Given VT = 6 cm s–1)
47. The coefficient of viscosity has the dimensional formula

(1) [MLT–2] (2) [ML2T–2] (3) [ML0T–2] (4) [ML–1T–1]
Sol. Answer (4)
48. Two metal balls of radius R and 2R falling through a fluid have same velocity at some point. The viscous drag
acting on them at that instant are in the ratio
(1) 1 : 2 (2) 1 : 4 (3) 1: 2 (4) 2 :1

Sol. Answer (1)
Viscous drag F = 6av
Since v is same for both the balls.

⇒ |F|  a (radius of the ball)
F1 R 1
  
F2 2R 2
49. A sphere of radius r is dropped in a liquid from its surface. Which of the following graphs is/are correct?
Acceleration
Velocity
Velocity
Velocity
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

Vertical distance
Time Time Radius moved by sphere
(1) (i) & (iii) (2) (ii) & (iv) (3) (i), (ii) & (iii) (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)
mg  B  6rv
a
m
 a = p – qv
V t
dv
 ∫
0
p  qv
 dt ∫
0
B rv
⎛ p  qv ⎞ v a
 ln⎜⎜ ⎟⎟  qt
⎝ p ⎠
mg
p  qt
 v  (1  e )  Graph (i) is correct.
q
mg  B 1 m
Now, p   r ,   r 2 (as m = V  m  r3)
m q 6r
p
  r2
q
 Final velocity  r2 . Thus graph (iii) is correct.

Now, a = p – qv = p[1 – 1 + e–qt]
= pe–qt
 Graph (ii) is correct.
dv
Also a = p – qv = v
dx
dv p
   q = slope of v-x graph
dx v
Graph (iv) is correct.
50. The piston is taken completely out of the cylinder. The hole at the top is sealed. A water tank is brought below
the cylinder and put in a position so that the water surface in the tank is at the same level as the top of the
cylinder as shown in the figure. The density of the water is . In equilibrium, the height H of the water column
in the cylinder satisfies [IIT-JEE 2007]
L0
(1) g(L0 – H)2 + P0(L0 – H) + L0P0 = 0 (2) g(L0 – H)2 – P0(L0 – H) – L0P0 = 0
(3) g(L0 – H)2 + P0(L0 – H) – L0P0 = 0 (4) g(L0 – H)2 – P0(L0 – H) + L0P0 = 0
Sol. Answer (3)

Before dipping, pressure is atmospheric.
After dipping, as in figure, P = P0 + (L0 – H) g
Again using PiVi = PfVf
 P0 L0 R2 = [P0 + (L0 – H)g] (L0 – H)R2
51. Water is filled up to a height h in a beaker of radius R as shown in the figure. The density of water is , the
surface tension of water is T and the atmospheric pressure is P0. Consider a vertical section ABCD of the
water column through a diameter of the beaker. The force on water on one side of this section by water on
the other side of this section has magnitude [IIT-JEE 2007]
2R
B
A
h
C
(1) |2P0Rh + R2 gh – 2RT| (2) |2P0Rh + R gh2 – 2RT|

(3) |P0R2 + R gh2 – 2RT| (4) |P0R2 + R gh2 + 2RT|
Sol. Answer (2)
Fdue to pressure
h
∫0 (P0  gx )2Rdx = 2P0Rh + Rgh2
Fsurface tension x
= 2RT dx
Fnet = Fpressure – Fsurface tension

= |2P0Rh + Rgh2 – 2RT|
52. A glass tube of uniform internal radius (r) has a valve separating the two identical ends. Initially, the valve is
in a tightly closed position. End 1 has a hemispherical soap bubble of radius r. End 2 has sub-hemispherical
soap bubble as shown in figure. Just after opening the valve, [IIT-JEE 2008]
Figure :
2
1
(1) Air from end 1 flows towards end 2. No change in the volume of the soap bubbles
(2) Air from end 1 flows towards end 2. Volume of the soap bubble at end 1 decreases
(3) No change occurs
(4) Air from end 2 flows towards end 1. Volume of the soap bubble at end 1 increases
Sol. Answer (2)
The sub-hemispherical bubble will have greater radius of curvature. So pressure inside 1 will be more.
53. A thin uniform cylindrical shell, closed at both ends, is partially filled with water. It is floating vertically in water
in half-submerged state. If c is the relative density of the material of the shell with respect to water, then the
correct statement is that the shell is [IIT-JEE 20012]
(1) More than half-filled if c is less than 0.5 (2) More than half-filled if c is more than 1.0
(3) Half-filled if c is more than 0.5 (4) Less than half-filled if c is less than 0.5
Sol. Answer (1)
Let V0 be the volume of walls of cylinder and V be the volume of water in it. Further let V1 be the volume
of empty space in the cylinder.
For equilibrium,
⎛ V1  V0 ⎞
rcV0g + Vg = ⎜⎝ ⎟ g
2 ⎠
V1 V0
V   1  2c 
2 2
V1
if rc = 0.5, V =
2
V1
rc > 0.5, V <
2
V1
rc < 0.5, V >
2
54. A glass capillary tube is of the shape of a truncated cone with an apex angle  so that its two ends have
cross sections of different radii. When dipped in water vertically, water rises in it to a height h, where the radius
of its cross section is b. If the surface tension of water is S, its density is , and its contact angle with glass
is . The value of h will be (g is the acceleration due to gravity) [JEE(Advanced)-2014]
2S 2S 2S 2S
(1) cos(   ) (2) cos(   ) (3) cos(   /2) (4) cos(   /2)
bg bg bg bg
Sol. Answer (4) 
2

⎛ ⎞ b
S 2b cos ⎜   ⎟  b2  h
⎝ 2⎠
h

2S cos(  )
2 h
bg 
SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions (More than one options are correct)
1. A beaker filled with water, is accelerated at a rate a m/s2 in forward direction. The surface of water shall make
an angle
⎛a⎞ ⎛ ⎞ ⎛g⎞ ⎛g⎞

(1) tan 1⎜ ⎟ backward (2) tan 1⎜ a ⎟ forward (3) cot 1⎜ ⎟ backward (4) cot 1⎜ ⎟ forward
⎝g ⎠ ⎝g ⎠ ⎝a⎠ ⎝a⎠
Sol. Answer (1, 3)
ax
tan  
ay  g
a
tan    a
0g
⎧a ⎫
  tan1⎨ ⎬
⎩g ⎭
2. A cube of ice of side length 10 cm is floating in water of density 1000 kg/m3. Then pick up the correct statement
(density of ice = 900 kg/m3)
(1) 1 cm of the cube will be out of water (2) 9 cm of the cube will be out of water
(3) 9 cm of the cube will be in water (4) 1 cm of the cube will be in water
Sol. Answer (1, 3)
w  a2xg = Ia3g
x
I
x  a  x = 9 cm
w
3. The spring balance A reads 2 kg with a block m suspended from it. A balance B read 5 kg when a beaker
with liquid is put on the pan of the balance. The two balances are now so arranged that the hanging mass is
inside the liquid in the beaker as shown in the figure. In this situation
(1) The balance A will read more than 2 kg

(2) The balance B will read more than 5 kg
(3) The balance A will read less than 2 kg and B will read more than 5 kg
(4) The balance A and B will read 2 kg and 5 kg respectively
Sol. Answer (2, 3)
The hanging block feels a Bouyant force so reading of A decreases and liquid feels a force equal to bouyant
force in magnitude in downward direction so reading of B will be more.
P1A
here P2 > P1
P2A
4. A cubical block of wood having an edge 10 cm and mass 0.92 kg floats on a tank of water with oil of relative
density 0.5 to a height of 4 cm above water. When the block attains equilibrium with four of its edges vertical
(1) 1 cm of it will be above the free surface of oil
(2) 5 cm of it will be under water
(3) 1.6 cm of it will be above the comon surface of oil and water
(4) 8.4 cm of it will be under water
Sol. Answer (3, 4)
wa2xg 10–2 + l  a2 (10 – x)  10–2 = mg
On simplification,
x = 8.4 cm and 10 – x = 1.6 cm
10 – x
4 cm
x
5. Let T represent the true weight of a body, B the force of buoyancy on the body when immersed in a liquid, A
represents the apparent weight of the body and W be twice the weight of liquid displaced by the body. Then which
of the following relation is correct?
(1) T = B – A (2) T – B = A (3) T = B + A – W (4) T – A = W – B
Sol. Answer (2, 4)
Given that
w w
T = w, B = and A =
2 2
6. A vessel in the form of a truncated cone has base area a1 and top area a2. It is filled to the brim with a liquid.
The force at the bottom of the vessel is
(1) Equal to weight of the liquid, if a1 < a2
(2) Greater than weight of the liquid, if a2 < a1
(3) Less than weight of the liquid, if a1 < a2
(4) Equal to weight of the liquid, for any value of the areas
Sol. Answer (2, 3)
7. Select the correct option

(1) As we move down through a liquid at rest the pressure increases
(2) As we move along horizontal through a liquid at rest the pressure remains unchanged
(3) As we move along horizontal through a liquid subjected to a horizontal acceleration, the pressure increases
in the direction of acceleration
(4) The gauge pressure at a point inside a liquid depends on atmospheric pressure
Sol. Answer (1, 2)
P = gh for liquid at rest
In accelerating liquid, pressure decreases in direction of acceleration.
8. In the adjoing figure P1 and P2 are the pressures in broad and narrow tubes with closed ends. Select the correct
option
A1 A2
P2
P1
h
(1) P1 > P2 (2) P2 – P1  h°

1
(3) P1 – P2  h (4) P1 – P2  ( A1 – A2 ) 2
Sol. Answer (1, 3)

P1 – P2 = gh by Pascal’s law
9. Among the following daily life activities, Bernoulli’s theorem is applicable in

(1) Uplifting of the air foil (2) Swinging of the cricket ball
(3) Spinning of the cricket ball (4) Spray pump used to spray pesticides
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 4)
In option (1), (2) and (4) energy is conserve, so Bernoullis theorem can be used.
10. Water is flowing through a pipe as shown in figure. If P1, P2 and P3 are pressures and v1, v2 and v3 are
velocities of water at the different sections as shown in figure, then
P3
v3
v1 P1
P2
v2
(1) P1 > P2 > P3 (2) v1 > v2 > v3 (3) P2 > P1 (4) v3 > v2 > v1
Sol. Answer (2, 3)
As Av = constant, A1 < A2 < A3
 v1 > v2 > v3
By Bernoulli’s theorem for points at same horizontal level
1 2 1
P1  v1  P2  v 22
2 2
 P2 > P1
11. If velocity of efflux is v and area of orifice is A0 then
h

1
A
(1) v  A0 (2) v  h 2 (3) v  0 (4) v 
A0
Sol. Answer (2, 3)
2gh
v 2
⎛A ⎞
1 ⎜ 0 ⎟ is velocity of
⎝ A⎠
(efflux)  v  h , v   0
12. Select the correct options

(1) Surface tension depends on nature of liquid
(2) Surface tension depends on area of surface of liquid
(3) Surface tension of a liquid decreases with rise in temperature
(4) Surface tension has dimensions [ML–2T–1]
Sol. Answer (1, 3)
S is property of liquid which decreases with rise in temperature and does not depend on surface area.
⎡F ⎤ 2
[S]  ⎢ ⎥  MLT  MLT  2
⎣l ⎦ L
13. Select the incorrect option (T = surface tension, R = radius of drop, bubble, meniscus)
2T
(1) Excess pressure inside a liquid drop in air is equal to
R
2T
(2) Excess pressure inside a liquid bubble in air is equal to
R
4T
(3) Excess pressure for spherical liquid meniscus is
R
4T
(4) Excess pressure for cylindrical bubble in air is
R

4T
Excess pressure inside liquid (spherical) bubble =
R
2T
Whereas excess pressure for spherical meniscus
R
4T
Excess pressure = does not hold for cylindrical bubble.
R
14. A liquid rises to same height in three capillaries at same temperature. Select the correct option(s)
(1) The weight of liquid in capillaries may not be equal
(2) The radius of meniscus are equal
(3) The capillaries must be cylindrical
(4) The hydrostatic pressure at the base of capillaries is equal
h
A
B
For capillary,
2T cos 2T
h 
rg Rg
 R is same. As r is different, weight of liquid will be different.
Pressure at base of capillary = PB = PA
= Atmospheric pressure
15. A small iron ball falls from rest through a large height h into a water column, the final velocity
(1) Does not depend on h (2) Is proportional to h

(3) Is uniform (4) All these statements are not correct
Sol. Answer (1, 3)
Terminal velocity is final constant velocity which does not depend on h.
16. The solid spheres A and B of equals volume but of different densities dA and dB are connected by a string.
They are fully immersed in a fluid of density dF. They get arranged into an equilibrium state as shown in the
figure with a tension in the string. The arrangement is possible only if [IIT-JEE 2011]
(1) dA < dF (2) dB > dF (3) dA > dF (4) dA + dB = 2dF
For string to be taught, vdF g  vd A g
vdB g  vdF g
Also, vdF g  vdF g  vd A g  vdB g
17. A solid sphere of radius R and density  is attached to one end of a mass-less spring of force constant k.
The other end of the spring is connected to another solid sphere of radius R and density 3. The complete
arrangement is placed in a liquid of density 2 and is allowed to reach equilibrium. The correct statement(s)
is (are) [JEE(Advanced)-2013]
4R 3 g 8R 3 g
(1) The net elongation of the spring is (2) The net elongation of the spring is
3k 3k
(3) The light sphere is partially submerged (4) The light sphere is completely submerged
Sol. Answer (1, 4)
At equilibrium, for upper sphere
R 
4 4
kx  R 3 g  R 3 (2)g
3 3
2
4R 3 g
 x
3k
R 3
The system is completely submerged as total weight = Total Buoyant force.
18. A spherical body of radius R consists of a fluid of constant density and is in equilibrium under its own gravity.
If P(r) is the pressure at r(r < R), then the correct option(s) is (are) [JEE(Advanced)-2015]
P (r  3R / 4) 63 P (r  3R / 5) 16 P (r  R / 2) 20
(1) P(r = 0) = 0 (2) = (3) = (4) =
P (r  2R / 3) 80 P (r  2R / 5) 21 P (r  R / 3) 27
Sol. Answer (2, 3)
dP
Using  a
dr
GM
a r
R3
r
dP GMr
We get 
dr R3
GMr
dP  dr
R3
GM
P ⎡R 2  r 2 ⎤
2 R3 ⎣ ⎦
19. Two spheres P and Q of equal radii have densities 1 and 2, respectively. The spheres are connected by a
massless string and placed in liquids L1 and L2 of densities 1 and 2 and viscosities 1 and 2, respectively.
They float in equilibrium with the sphere P in L1 and sphere Q in L2 and the string being taut (see figure). If

sphere P alone in L2 has terminal velocity VP and Q alone in L1 has terminal velocity VQ , then
[JEE(Advanced)-2015]
L1 P
L2
Q

| VP | 1 | VP | 2
(1) | V |   (2) | V |   (3) VP  VQ  0 (4) VP  VQ  0
Q 2 Q 1
Sol. Answer (1, 4)
V1g T V2g
P Q
T V1g V2g
As string is taut,
1  1
and 2   2
 2  2  1  1
Also,  2  2  1
 When P is left in L2 it moves up
 When Q is left in L1 it moves down

VP  VQ  0
Also, V 1g  V 2 g  V 1g  V 2 g L1 1
V2g
V 2 g  V 1g  V 2 g  V 1g L2 2 1
2
( 1 )VQ  ( 2 )VP
k2VP V1g
VP 1

VQ 2
20. Consider a thin square plate floating on a viscous liquid in a large tank. The height h of the liquid in the tank
is much less than the width of the tank. The floating plate is pulled horizontally with a constant velocity u0.
Which of the following statements is (are) true? [JEE(Advanced)-2018]
(1) The resistive force of liquid on the plate is inversely proportional to h
(2) The resistive force of liquid on the plate is independent of the area of the plate
(3) The tangential (shear) stress on the floor of the tank increases with u0
(4) The tangential (shear) stress on the plate varies linearly with the viscosity  of the liquid
A
Fv u0
Plate
⎛ dv ⎞
Fv  A ⎜ ⎟
⎝ dz ⎠
dv v ⎛ u0 ⎞
Since height h of the liquid in tank is very small ⇒  ⎜ ⎟
dz z ⎝ h ⎠
⎛u ⎞
Fv  ()A ⎜ 0 ⎟
⎝ h ⎠
⎛ 1⎞
Fv  ⎜ ⎟ , Fv  u0 , Fv  A, Fv  
⎝h⎠
21. A uniform capillary tube of inner radius r is dipped vertically into a beaker filled with water. The water rises to
a height h in the capillary tube above the water surface in the beaker. The surface tension of water is . The
angle of contact between water and the wall of the capillary tube is . Ignore the mass of water in the meniscus.
Which of the following statements is (are) true? [JEE(Advanced)-2018]
(1) For a given material of the capillary tube, h decreases with increase in r
(2) For a given material of the capillary tube, h is independent of 
(3) If this experiment is performed in a lift going up with a constant acceleration, then h decreases
(4) h is proportional to contact angle 
Sol. Answer (1, 3)
2 cos 
h
r g
Formula based.
SECTION - C
Linked Comprehension Type Questions
Comprehension I

A wooden cylinder of diameter 4r. height h and density is kept on a hole of diameter 2r of a tank, filled
3
with water of density  as shown in the figure. The height of the base of cylinder from the base of tank
is H.
h1
4r
h
h2
H 2r
1. When the level of liquid is at a height h1 above the cylinder, the cylinder just starts moving up. Then value
of h1 is
2h 5h 5h 5h
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 4 3 2
Sol. Answer (3)

A1 = 4r2 A1 = Area of the top surface
(P 0 +  gh1) A1
A2 = r2
A3 = 4r2 – r2 = 3r2 
ghA 1
3
By equating forces, we get
 P0A2 {P0 + g (h 1 + h )} A3
(P0 + gh1)A1 + ghA1  P0 A2  {P0  g (h1  h )} A3
3
On simplification, we get
5h
h1 
3
2. Let the cylinder be prevented from moving up by applying a force and water level is further decreased. Then,
height of water level h2 in figure for which the cylinder remains in original position without application of force
is
h 4h 2h
(1) (2) (3) (4) h
3 9 3
Sol. Answer (2)

Again equating forces, we get
P0A1

P0A1 + ghA1
3

ghA1
 P0 A2  {P0  gh2 } A3 3
On simplification,
{P0 + gh2}A3
P0A2
4h
h2 
9
3. What is the value of additional force required to hold the block in the given situation, If the water level just
grazes the top surface of the block
5 5 4 3
(1) mg (2) mg (3) mg (4) mg
4 3 3 4
Sol. Answer (1)

For equilibrium,
F externa l P0 .A 1

Fexternal + P0A1 + ghA1 = (P + gh)A + P A
3 0 3 0 2

ghA 1
Fexternal 4 gh 3
  4P0   (P0  gh )3  P0  1
2
r 3
A3{P0 + gh ) P0A2

 Fexternal  5 gh r 2  5 mg
3 4
Comprehension II
When liquid medicine of density  is to be put in the eye, it is done with the help of a dropper. As the bulb
on the top of the dropper is pressed, a drop forms at the opening of the dropper. We wish to estimate the
size of the drop. We first assume that the drop formed at the opening is spherical because that requires a
minimum increase in its surface energy. To determine the size, we calculate the net vertical force due to the
surface tension T when the radius of the drop is R. When this force becomes smaller than the weight of the
drop, the drop gets detached from the dropper. [IIT-JEE 2010]
1. If the radius of the opening of the dropper is r, the vertical force due to the surface tension on the drop of radius
R(assuming r << R) is
2r 2T 2R 2T
(1) 2rT (2) 2RT (3) (4)
R r
Sol. Answer (3)
dF = Tdl
Vertical force = ∫ Tdl sin  r
r R
= T   2r
R
2r 2T
=
R
2. If r = 5  10–4 m,  = 103 kgm–3, g = 10 ms–2, T = 0.11 Nm–1, the radius of the drop when it detaches from
the dropper is approximately
(1) 1.4  10–3 m (2) 3.3  10–3 m (3) 2.0  10–3 m (4) 4.1  10–3 m
Sol. Answer (1)
2r 2T 4
For equation  R 3 g
R 3
1/4
⎛ 2 r 2T ⎞
 R⎜ ⎟
⎝ 3 g ⎠
3. After the drop detaches, its surface energy is

(1) 1.4  10–6 J (2) 2.7  10–6 J (3) 5.4  10–6 J (4) 8.1  10–6 J
Sol. Answer (2)
Surface energy = 4R2T
Comprehension III
A spray gun is shown in the figure where a piston pushes air out of a nozzle. A thin tube of uniform cross
section is connected to the nozzle. The other end of the tube is in a small liquid container. As the piston
pushes air through the nozzle, the liquid from the container rises into the nozzle and is sprayed out. For the
spray gun shown, the radii of the piston and the nozzle are 20 mm and 1 mm respectively. The upper end of
the container is open to the atmosphere. [JEE(Advanced)-2014]
1. If the piston is pushed at a speed of 5 mms–1, the air comes out of the nozzle with a speed of
(1) 0.1 ms–1 (2) 1 ms–1 (3) 2 ms–1 (4) 8 ms–1
Sol. Answer (3)
A1V1 = A2V2
   (0.2)2  0.005     2 2  VL
   0.04  0.005     2 2  VL
     104     4  VL
 VL = 2
2. If the density of air is a and that of the liquid l, then for a given piston speed the rate (volume per unit time)
at which the liquid is sprayed will be proportional to
a l
(1) (2) a l (3) (4)  l
l a
Sol. Answer (1)
1
P1  P2  av a2
2
1 2
1
P3  P2  l v l2 3
2
P3 = P1
1 1 a
 l v l2  av a2   v l  v
2 2 l a
a
 Volume flow rate  l
SECTION - D
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. STATEMENT-1 : Two bodies of different masses and shapes may experience same thrust in a given liquid.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The buoyancy is independent of factors of the body such as its mass and shape.
Sol. Answer (1)
B = Bouyant force on a body = Vg
Where  is density of fluid and V is volume of solid submerged.
Thus B is independent of mass and shape.
2. A ball floats on the surface of water in a container exposed to atmosphere.

1
STATEMENT-1 : If the container is shifted to moon, the ball will rise a little (gravity on moon is th that on
6
the earth).
and
STATEMENT-2 : Buoyant force on the ball will decrease.
Sol. Answer (4)
Although buoyant force and gravitational force both depend on value of acceleration due to gravity, but fraction
of body submerged does not depend on acceleration due to gravity. At equilibrium
mg = B
 Vg = V’g
 V = V’
Where V = volume of body
V’ = volume of submerged portion of body
3. A liquid is filled in a vessel and a hole is made at a depth h below the free surface of the liquid.
STATEMENT-1 : Greater is the distance of the hole from the free surface of liquid, greater will be the velocity
of efflux.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The speed of the liquid coming out of the orifice depends on the quantity of liquid in the vessel.
Sol. Answer (3)
v  2gh does not depend on quantity of liquid, but it depends on height of the liquid column above the
orifice.
4. STATEMENT-1 : Pressure on a body is always compressive while stress can be compressive or tensile.
and
STATEMENT-2 : Pressure is always normal to the area while stress can be either normal or tangential.
Sol. Answer (4)
Pressure can also be tensile
 Statement-1 is incorrect but statement-2 is correct as stress can have both components normal as well
as tangential to the surface.
5. STATEMENT-1 : When two spheres of same size but of different densities are dropped in a fluid, sphere of
greater density will have greater terminal velocity.
and
STATEMENT-2 : Greater the density and viscosity of the fluid, lesser will be the terminal velocity.
Sol. Answer (2)
v = Terminal speed
2(   )r 2g

9
for same r, larger  means larger v. Also greater  and  mean lesser v.
 Statements are independently correct.
6. STATEMENT-1 : In a capillary tube, excess pressure is balanced by hydrostatic pressure and not by weight.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The vertical height of a liquid column in capillaries of different shapes and sizes will be same
if the radius of meniscus remains same.
Sol. Answer (2)
In a capilary tube
(Tcos)×2r = (r2h) g
2T cos 
h
r
From above it is clear that statement (i) and (ii) both are correct.
7. STATEMENT-1 : If adhesion is greater than cohesion, then the meniscus is concave.

and
STATEMENT-2 : If adhesion is greater than cohesion, then the liquid will not wet the solid.
Sol. Answer (3)
If adhesion is greater than cohesion (as for tap water and glass) meniscus is concave, and in this case liquid
wets the surface.
8. STATEMENT-1 : When an air bubble moves up from the bottom of a lake, its acceleration decreases and
becomes zero.
and
STATEMENT-2 : When an air bubble moves up from the bottom of a lake, its velocity increases and become
constant.
Sol. Answer (2)
Drag force on the particle is proportional to V. In this case velocity is of the form V0 (1 – e–bt) and acceleration
is of the form a0e–bt. (here b is a constant). Therefore both statements are independently correct.
9. STATEMENT-1 : The stream of water flowing at high speed from a garden hose pipe tends to spread like a
fountain when held vertically up, but tends to narrow down when held vertically down.
and
STATEMENT-2 : In any steady flow of an incompressible fluid, the volume flow rate of the fluid remains constant.
[IIT-JEE 2008]
Sol. Answer (1)
As volume flow rate is constant, A × v = constant.
When jet moves up, v decreases and A increases.
When jet goes down, v increase and A decreases.
SECTION - E
Matrix-Match Type Questions
1. A sphere of radius r is dropped in a liquid of viscosity x. Match the Column-I showing some graph with Column II
giving the names of graphs.
Column-I Column-II
(A) (p) Vertical distance moved by sphere-velocity
(B) (q) Terminal velocity-radius
(C) (r) Terminal velocity-viscosity of liquid
(D) (s) Velocity-time graph
Sol. Answer A(s), B(q), C(p), D(r)
1
Velocity  r 2 , velocity  
dv
velocity = v0 (1 – e–bt), where b is a constant. Also velocity increases as x increases but decreases or
dx
dx
increases.
dv
So, graph A, B, C and D respectively match with (s), (q), (p) and (r).
2. A conical section of a pipe is shown in figure through which water is flowing. Let A be the area of cross-section,
r be the radius of cross-section, P be the pressure at a point difference and v be the velocity of water.
P1
P2
A1
A2
v1 v2
r1 r2
Match the Column-I with Column-II containing values of ratio of quantities given in Column-I.
Column-I Column-II
(A) If A1 : A2 = 2 : 1, then v1 : v2 = (p) 1 : 4
(B) If r1 : r2 = 2 : 1, then v1 : v2 = (q) 1 : 2
A1v 1
(C) If A1 : A2 = 4 : 1, then A v  (r) 1:1
2 2
(D) If A1 : A2 = 1 : 1, then v1 : v2 = (s) 1 : 8

Sol. Answer A(q), B(p), C(r), D(r)
A1 : A2 = 2 : 1
As A1V1 = A2V2  V1 : V2 = A2 : A1 = 1 : 2
r1 : r2 = 2 : 1  V1 : V2 = r2 2: r12 = 1 : 4
A1V1
A1 : A2  4 : 1 ⇒ 1
A2V2
If A1 : A2 = 1 : 1  V1 : V2 = 1 : 1
3. The area of hole (1) is A1 and of hole (2) is A2. The velocity of efflux and range of liquid is v1, v2 and x1, x2
for holes (1) and (2) respectively. The time taken by liquid, jet to reach the ground from holes (1) and (2) are
t1 and t2 respectively. Cross section of tank is very very large compared to size of holes.
(1) h
5h
(2)
h
Column-I Column-II
(A) v1 : v2 (p) 2 : 1
(B) x1 : x2 (q) 1 : 2
(C) t1 : t2 (r) 1:1
(D) If A1 : A2 = 2 : 1, then v1 : v2 = (s) 4 : 1
Sol. Answer A(q), B(r), C(p), D(q)
v1 h 1
(A)   since, v  2gh
v2 4h 2
(B) x  4H (H  h' )
where H is height of liquid in tank and h’ is depth of hole, which will be same for h’ = h or h’ = 4h and
H = 5h
t1 4h 2h
(C)   2 since, t 
t2 h g
(D) If hole is small v  2gh does not depend on hole area.
4. A person in lift is holding a water jar, which has a small hole at the lower end of its side. When the lift is at
rest, the water jet coming out of the hole hits the floor of the lift at a distance d of 1.2 m from the person. In
the following, state of the lift's motion is given in Column I and the distance where the water jet hits the floor
of the lift is given in Column II. Match the statements from Column I with those in Column II.
[JEE(Advanced)-2014]
Column-I Column-II
(A) Lift is accelerating vertically up (p) d = 1.2 m
(B) Lift is accelerating vertically down (q) d > 1.2 m
with an acceleration less than the
gravitational acceleration
(C) Lift is moving vertically up (r) d < 1.2 m
with constant speed
(D) Lift is falling freely (s) No water leaks out of the jar
Sol. Answer A(p), B(p), C(p), D(s)
2h a
R  2gh
g
H
d  vx  t 2H(g+a)
h h
 2H (g  a ) 
g a
d Independent of acceleration of lift. d
SECTION - F
Integer Answer Type Questions
1. An ice cube of edge a is placed in an empty cylindrical vessel of radius 2a. Find the edge (in cm) of ice cube
when it just leaves the contact with the bottom assuming that ice melts uniformly maintaining its cubical shape.
Take a = 12  cm. (Ice is lighter than water)
Sol. Answer (3)
Mass of water = Mass of ice melted
 4a 2  x 2  h   a3  x 3   0.9 …(1)
Weight of ice cube = Buoyant force
x 3  0.9  g  x 2  h  1  g
h = 0.9 x ...(2)
From (1) and (2),
 4a2  x 2  0.9 x   a3  x 3   0.9

4 a 2 x  x 3  a 3  x 3
a
x
4
Now a = 12   a = 3 cm.
2. Two soap bubbles of radii 2 cm and 3 cm are brought in contact. Find the radius of curvature (in cm) of the
contact surface.
Sol. Answer (6)
4T 4T 4T
 
r r1 r2
r1 r2
r 
r2  r1
23
r   6cm
1
3. A large tank is filled with water (density = 103 kg/m3). A small hole is made at a depth of 10 m below water
surface. The range of water issuing out of the hole is R on ground. What extra pressure (in atm) must be applied
on the water surface so that the range becomes 2R (Take 1 atm = 105 Pa and g = 10 m/s2)
Sol. Answer (3)
From Bernoulli’s theorem,
1 2
p  p0  v  p0
2
1 2
gh  v1
2
⇒ v  2gh
R = vt
when extra pressure applied,
1 2
p  gh  p0  v 2  R0
2
⎛p ⎞
v 22  2 ⎜  gh⎟
⎝ ⎠
R1 = v2t
R1 = 2R
v1 = 2v1
⎛p ⎞
2 ⎜  gh⎟ = 2 2gh
⎝ ⎠
h
P0 I 
⎛p ⎞
 2 ⎜  gh⎟  4  2gh
⎝ ⎠ time=t
p
  + gh = 4gh
p
 3gh

p  3gh  3  103  10  10  3  105  3
4. Equal volumes of two immiscible liquids of densities  and 2 are filled in a vessel as shown in figure. Two
small holes are punched at depth h/2 and 3h/2 from the surface of lighter liquid. If v1 and v2 are the velocities of
2
⎛v ⎞
efflux at these two holes then ⎜ 2 ⎟ is
⎝ v1 ⎠
h  v1
h 2 v2
Sol. Answer (2)
2gh
v1 
2
For v2 applying Bernoullis’ equation point fast inside & outside
h 1
P0  gh  2g   P0  v 22
2 2
1  v2 hc1
⇒ gh  gh   2  v 22 h 3hc2
2 2 I v2
⇒ v 2  2gh
2
⎛ v2 ⎞ 2gh
⎜⎝ v ⎟⎠  gh  2
1
5. A cubical block is floating in a liquid with half of its volume immersed in the liquid. When the whole system
3
accelerates upwards with a net acceleration of g/3. The fraction of volume immersed in the liquid will be .
x
Find x.
Sol. Answer (6) 6c
v m
g  vg n
2
I
  2 ....(1)
When the container accelerated upward.
mg
v rg  mg  B
3
4mg
 my
3
 v g  4  vg
B
v  4

v 
4 x x
 2 ⇒x6 mg/3  (Pseudo force)
2 3 y
6. A homogeneous solid cylinder of length L, cross sectional are a A is immersed such that it floats with its axis
vertical at the liquid. Liquid interface with length L/4 in the denser liquid as shown in the figure. The lower
nd
density liquid is open to atmosphere having pressure P0. Then density D of solid is given by .
4
2d
Sol. Answer (5)

Force experience by bouyancy
for due the liquid (d + 2d) & gravity
3 L
d LAg  2d  Ag  DLAg
4 4
B2 B1
d
2d
mg
5d
D
4
nd
D ⇒ n  5v
4
7. A cylindrical vessel of height 500 mm has an orifice (small hole) at its bottom. The orifice is initially closed
and water is filled in it up to height H. Now the top is completely sealed with a cap and the orifice at the bottom
is opened. Some water comes out from the orifice and the water level in the vessel becomes steady with
height of water column being 200 mm. Find the fall in height (in mm) of water level due to opening of the orifice.
[Take atmospheric pressure = 1.0 × 105 N/m2, density of water = 1000 kg/m3 and g = 10 m/s2. Neglect any
effect of surface tension.] [IIT-JEE 2009]
Sol. Answer (6)
P0A (500 – H) = (P0 – gh)A.300
(105  104  0.2)  300

 500  H   H = 206 mm
105
Fall in height = 6 mm
8. Consider two solid spheres P and Q each of density 8 gm cm–3 and diameters 1 cm and 0.5 cm, respectively.
Sphere P is dropped into a liquid of density 0.8 gm cm–3 and viscosity  = 3 poiseuilles. Sphere Q is dropped
into a liquid of density 1.6 gm cm–3 and viscosity  = 2 poiseuilles. The ratio of the terminal velocities of P
and Q is [JEE(Advanced)- 2016]
Sol. Answer (3)
2 2  –  g
VT  r
9 
2
VP ⎛ rP ⎞ ⎛  – 1 ⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞2 ⎛ 8 – .8 ⎞⎛ 2 ⎞ 7.2 2
⎜ ⎟ ⎜⎜ P ⎟⎟ ⎜ ⎟  ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ 8 – 1.6 ⎟⎜ 3 ⎟  4  6.4  3 = 3
VQ ⎜⎝ rQ ⎟⎠ 
⎝ Q –  
2 ⎠⎝ 1 ⎠ ⎝ 0.5 ⎠ ⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠
0.1
9. A drop of liquid of radius R = 10–2m having surface tension S = Nm–1 divides itself into K identical drops.
4
In this process the total change in the surface energy U = 10–3 J. If K = 10 then the value of  is
[JEE(Advanced)- 2017]
Sol. Answer (6)
Let radius of small drops = r.
4 4
R 3  K r 3
3 3
1
...(i)
R  K 3r
S(K4r2 – 4R2) = 10–3
0.1 ⎛ R 2 ⎞
4 ⎜ k 2  R 2 ⎟  10 3
4 ⎜ ⎟
⎝ K3 ⎠
R 2 K  1  10
1
3 2
1
K 3  1  100
1
K 3  101

10 3  101
6
SECTION - G
Multiple True-False Type Questions
1. STATEMENT-1 : When two soap bubbles of unequal radii are connected by a tube, the smaller bubble
decreases in size.
STATEMENT-2 : In floatation, weight of the floating body is equal to the weight of displaced fluid.
STATEMENT-3 : When ice converts into water its volume decreases.
(1) T T T (2) F T F (3) F F T (4) F F F
Sol. Answer (1)
(i) Due to pressure difference size will decrease.
(ii) Ice melt the density increase so volume decrease.
2. STATEMENT-1 : When an orifice is made in the middle of the wall of a vessel, the range of the liquid coming
out of the orifice is equal to the height of the liquid.
STATEMENT-2 : Liquid is flowing through two identical pipes A and B. Volume of liquid flowing per second
through A and B are v0 and 2v0 respectively. Flow in A is turbulent and steady in B.
STATEMENT-3 : Rate of flow of a viscous liquid through a pipe is directly proportional to the fourth power of
the radius of pipe.
(1) T T T (2) T T F (3) FF T (4) F T T
Sol. Answer (3)
Range depend upon time of flight.
3. STATEMENT-1 : Bernoullis equation is based on energy conservation.

STATEMENT-2 : Bernoullis equation can only be applied if the flow is streamlined.
STATEMENT-3 : Bernoullis equation can be applied even if the flow is not streamlined as total energy is always
conserved.
(1) T T T (2) TFT (3) TTF (4) FFF
Sol. Answer (3)
4T
4. STATEMENT-1 : If there is a water bubble in air then excess pressure inside it is , where T is surface
R
tension of water and R is the radius of the bubble.
2T
STATEMENT-2 : If there is a water drop in air then excess pressure inside it is .
R
4T
STATEMENT-3 : If there is an air bubble in water then excess pressure inside it is .
R
(1) T T T (2) TTF (3) TFF (4) TFT
Sol. Answer (2)
5. STATEMENT-1 : The value of moduli of elasticity is directly proportional to stress.

STATEMENT-2 : The value of moduli of elasticity is inversely proportional to strain.
STATEMENT-3 : The value of moduli of elasticity is independent of magnitude of stress and strain.
(1) T T F (2) FFT (3) TFF (4) FFF
Sol. Answer (2)
SECTION - H
Aakash Challengers Questions
1. A conical cup of height 1 m, rests, open end down on a flat surface. What will be the upward lifting force on the cup
when the water in it is as shown?
45°
H=1m
h = 10 cm
Sol. dF = (h – y)g  2r  dr
= 2g(h – y)(H – y)(–dy)
= –2g(h – y)(H – y)dy
45°
r  (H  y ) dy r H
= –2g(Hh – Hy – hy + y2)dy
dr  dy h
y dr
2
∫ dF  ∫ –2g(Hh – (H  h)y  y )dy
⎡ y 2 y 3 ⎤ dy
F = –2g ⎢Hh  y – (H  h )  ⎥
⎣ 2 3 ⎦
h 2 h3
= –Hh2 + (H + h) 
2 3
Hh 2 h3 h3
= –Hh2 +  
2 2 3
Hh 2 h3 h3
=  = –Hh2 +
2 6 3
h3 29
= Hh2 – = 314 
3 30
= 303 N
2. What will be the breaking strength of the material if a horizontal rod of density  and length unity, which is
rotating about a vertical axis (passing through its cnetre), ruptures at 10 rps.
Sol. –dT = dm2x

m
–dT = 2x   dx
L
0 L /2
m 2 x
∫ – dT  ∫ L
xdx
T0 0 dx
m 2L T
T0  T + dT
8
Also Tmax = Breaking strength  A
Tmax > T0
m 2 L
Breaking strength  A >
8
(2 )2 (10)2 L
> m
8
100 L
>  AL   4 2
8
Breaking strength  A > 50  A2
Breaking strength > 502
Breaking strength (mini) > 502
3. A solid cylinder of height h and mass m floats in a liquid of density  such that three fourth of its height is

immersed. Now, the cylinder is released inside a liquid of density , contained in a downward accelerated vessel.
4
A
Find the magnitude of acceleration of vessel, A, for which cylinder sinks with relative acceleration of w.r.t.
3
vessel.
3V
Sol. mg =   g
4
4m
V 
3 h/4
mA 
 = mg – mA – × V × geff 
3 4
4mA  4m
  mg   ( g  A)
3 4 3
4mA mg mA
 mg  
3 3 3
2mg
mA =
3
2g
A
3
4. The opening near the bottom of the vessel shown has an area A. A disk is held against the opening to keep
the liquid, from running out. It is given that net force on the disk applied by liquid and air in this case is F.
Now the disc is moved away from the opening by a short distance. The liquid comes out and strikes the disk
inelastically. What will be the initial force exerted by the liquid on the disk in this condition.
Sol. F = hg A ...(1)

F = Av2 ...(2)
2
F  Av 2 A( 2gh )
 
F hg A h g A
F = 2F
rd
⎛ 1⎞
5. A wooden cylinder of length l floats vertically in a liquid of specific gravity  with ⎜ ⎟ part of its length
⎝3⎠
submerged. Another liquid that is immiscible with the previous liquid is poured into it, to just completely
submerge the cylinder. If the density of the liquid at the bottom, density of cylinder and density of upper liquid
are in G.P., find the fraction of the cylinder submerged in lower liquid.
V
Sol. V   × g =   g ⇒ 1  3
3 1
 , , 
1 2
 
 2 k
1 
 = 1  2

2 
3
V ⎛ 1⎞ 
V . g =  3  g  V ⎜ 1  ⎟   g
m ⎝ m⎠ 3
3 (m  1)
 = 
m 3m
3m = 9 + m – 1
2m = 8
M=4
1 1
=
m 4
6. A thin triangular glass tube containing immiscible liquids A, B, C of densities , 2, 3 is at rest in vertical
plane. Find x.
x
L A L
B
x
C
x
L
Sol. Pressure at P
(L – x)sin 60°  g + x sin 60°  3g
x
= x sin 60°  g + (l – x)sin 60°  2g
x
L–

l–
3 x 3 x 3 2 3
(L – x)  3   (l – x ) 60° 2
x
2 2 2 2 x
3 P
l – x + 3x = x + 2l – 2x L–x x
l
x=
3
7. Find the volume density of the elastic deformation energy in fresh water at a depth of h = 1 m. (Bulk modulus
of water = 2  109 N/m2).
dP dV dP
Sol.  = ⇒ 
dV V V 
dV P  dP
P –
V 
(P  dV ) PdP
Work done per unit volume = – (–ve show P gives V and vise versa)
V 
hg hg
PdP ⎛ P 2 ⎞
So, volume density of elastic deformation energy = u = ∫ 
⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ 0
0
h22 g 2
= = 2.4  104 J/m3
2
8. A horizontally oriented tube of length l rotates with a constant angular velocity  about a stationary vertical
axis XX passing through end A. The tube is filled with ideal fluid.
The end A of the tube is having pressure P0. The closed end B has a small hole and at time t = 0, the fluid
column has length of l. Find velocity of fluid relative to tube at the instant t = 0.
X 
P0
A B
X l
2
Sol. ∫ dF  ∫ –dm x
PA l
∫ dF  ∫ – A 2dx x
P0 A l –r
1 2
l
PA P0 A ⎛ 2⎞
  A2 ⎜ l ⎟
A A ⎝ 2 ⎠l  r r
l
2
 2
P – P0 = – [l – (l – r)2]
2
P = P0 (2rl – r2) ...(1)
v 2
P = P0 +
2
 2
P = P0 + v
2
 2 v 2
P0 – (2lr – r2) = P0 +
2 2
v2 = 2(2lr – r2)
at r = l
v = l
9. A rod of mass m can move vertically on two fixed inclined rod in vertical plane, weight of the rod is blanced by thin
liquid film between rods as shown. (Surface tension of liquid is S).
If rod is displaced a little in downward direction and released, then what will be the time period of oscillation of rod.
 
Sol. For small displacement from equilibrium, extra outer surface tension force = S  4y tan 
4Sy tan 
a= –
m
–(4S tan )y

a=
m
4S tan 
w=
m
m
 T = 2
4S tan 
10. Mercury of density m is poured into cylindrical communicating vessels of cross-sectional area 2A and A
respectively. A solid iron cube of volume V0 and relative density 2 is dropped into the broad vessel, and as a
result the level of the mercury in it rises. Then, water is poured into the broader vesssel until the mercury
reaches the previous level in it. Find the height of water column if it does not submerge the block.
Sol. Let side of block = a
v0 0  g = (Vm)m  g + a2h  liq  g
v0 0  g = A  x  m  g + a2  h  liq  g
v0 0 = Ax  m + a2h  liq ...(1)
At XX P0 + hliq  g = m  x  g + P0
liq
x = h  ...(2)
m
liq
v0 0 = A  h   m + a2h  liq 2A A
m
V0 x
V0 0 h=? X X
2
liq = (A + a )h Vm
m
2v 0
 h=
A  a2
⎛ 2v 0 ⎞
⎜h  ⎟
⎝ A  v 02/3 ⎠
11. A cylindrical vessel of radius 10 cm containing a liquid is rotating about a vertical axis through the centre of
circular base. The vessel is rotating with angular frequency 10 rad/s. Find the difference of the heights of liquid
at centre of vessel and edge.
Sol. Equation of motion for fluid is
dP dP
   2 x   g
dx dy
y x
dy  2 x 2x
dx

g
 dy 
0
∫ ∫
0
g
dx
 2x 2
y
2g
(x, y)
g x2 2 2 2
 x y
 P(x) = P0 + gy = P0   P0  0 x
2g 2
Pcentre = P0
 2 x 2
Pedge = P0 
2
 2r 2  2r 2
Pedge – Pcentre = ⇒ gh 
2 2
 2r 2 (10)2  (0.1)2
 h  = 5 cm
2g 2  10
12. The terminal speed of a sphere of gold of density 22.5 kg/m3 is 40 cm/s in a viscous liquid of density 2.5 kg/m3.
Find the terminal speed of a sphere of aluminium of density 15.5 kg/m3 of same size in same liquid.
v {   }g
Sol. vT  , here v is volume
6r
40 20
  v = 26 cm/s
v 13
13. A cylindrical tank of height 2 m is open at the top and has a radius 50 cm. Water is filled in it upto a height
1.75 m. Calculate how long it will take to empty the tank through a hole of radius 0.05 cm in its bottom.
Sol. From equation of continuity,
a 2gh  Av 1
a
v1  2gh
A
dh a
  2gh
dt A v1
0 t
h
dh a
 ∫
h

h A
2g dt
0
∫
2gh
A is the area of cross-section of the container.
On simplification,
A 2h
t
a g
2
⎛ 50 ⎞ 2  1.75
 t ⎜ ⎟ = 106 0.35 s
⎝ 0.05 ⎠ 10
14. A block hangs from a spring balance. The balance reads 40 N in air, 35 N when block is immersed in water
and 25 N when block is immersed in another liquid. Find the density of block and other liquid.
Sol. W = 40 N
w.Vg = 5 N
l.Vg = 15 N
l
  3   = 3 = 3000 kg/m3
w l w
5 m 5 mg 5
V  ⇒  ⇒ 
w .g b w .g b w
40  103
 b  = 8 × 103 kg/m3
5
15. A solid ball is immersed in a liquid. The coefficient of volume expansion of ball and liquid are 3 × 10–6 per/C and
9 × 10–6 per ºC respectively. Find the percentage change in upthrust when the temperature is increased
by 25ºC.
Sol. Apparent coefficient of volumetric expansion
=  = liquid – ball
= 9 × 10–6 – 3 × 10–6
= 6 × 10–6 per °C
Now,
B = Bouyant force = Vg
B V
⇒  100   100 (Note  is not constant here.)
B V
= T × 100
= 6 × 10–6 × 25 ×100
= 0.015%
Aliter :
B  eVb g
B e Vb
 100 =  100   100
B e Vb
= re t  100  rb t  100
= 9  10 6  25  100  3  10 6  25  100
= 0.015%
16. If the lower end of a capillary tube of radius 2.5 mm is dipped 8 cm below the surface of water in a beaker,
then calculate the pressure within a bubble blown at its end in water, in excess of atmospheric pressure.
[Surface tension of water 72 × 10–3 N/m].
Sol. Answer (3)
Pressure difference
2T
P  gh 
R
2  72  10 3
 103  10  0.08 
2.5  10 3
= 800 + 57.6
= 857.6 N/m2


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Chapter 8

Mechanical Properties of Fluids

Sol. Answer (3)

Sol. Answer (2)

Sol. Answer (4)

(1) 3hg – P0 (2) 3hg (3) 3hg + P0 (4) 2hg + P0

Pressure at bottom = P0 + hg + 2hg = P0  3hg

According to the equation of continuity,

17. The working of a scent sprayer is based on

Sol. Answer (1)

Velocity of efflux v  2gh

19. In magnus effect, lift occurs towards the direction where

20. Bernoulli’s equation is ideally valid for

(1) 3 cm s–1 (2) 22.72 cm s–1 (3) 6 cm s–1 (4) 60 cm s–1

Sol. Answer (1)

Sol. Answer (1)

27. Bernoulli’s equation is conservation of

vD D v  vD

Sol. Answer (1)

= S × 2 × 4r 2 (Bubble has two free surfaces)

 For the two tubes given

2S cos  2  0.05  0.4

= 1.01 × 105 N m–2 + (103 × 10 × 0.2) Pi Po

Using Poiseuille’s equation,

Work done = Change in surface energy

42. When a drop of liquid splits upto a number of drops,

Final area = n  4r

So option (4) is correct.

43. If two soap bubbles of different radii are connected by a tube

For the given material and liquid

vT  R 2 (R = Radius of the raindrop)

47. The coefficient of viscosity has the dimensional formula

(1) 1 : 2 (2) 1 : 4 (3) 1: 2 (4) 2 :1

Viscous drag F = 6av

Since v is same for both the balls.

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

 Final velocity  r2 . Thus graph (iii) is correct.

Graph (iv) is correct.

Sol. Answer (3)

(1) |2P0Rh + R2 gh – 2RT| (2) |2P0Rh + R gh2 – 2RT|

Fnet = Fpressure – Fsurface tension

⎛a⎞ ⎛ ⎞ ⎛g⎞ ⎛g⎞

(1) The balance A will read more than 2 kg

7. Select the correct option

(1) P1 > P2 (2) P2 – P1  h°

Sol. Answer (1, 3)

9. Among the following daily life activities, Bernoulli’s theorem is applicable in

11. If velocity of efflux is v and area of orifice is A0 then

12. Select the correct options

Sol. Answer (1, 3, 4)

(1) Does not depend on h (2) Is proportional to h

(1) dA < dF (2) dB > dF (3) dA > dF (4) dA + dB = 2dF

For string to be taught, vdF g  vd A g

Also, vdF g  vdF g  vd A g  vdB g

Sol. Answer (2, 3)

Sol. Answer (1, 4)

 When P is left in L2 it moves up