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rSm;<Gif;cJh_cif;ajumifh 4if;wdkhwGif tvkyfydkju>? tvkyfydkonfhtwGuf
wm@SnftrSKrxrf;Edlifatmif_zpfoGm;wwfavonf?
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ol r sm;xuf t ouf @ S n f o nf [ k oabmayguf 7 um; @S d _ yD ; juG u f o m;
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a'0'wftavmif;@GJukefonf 7ifuGJemusao_cif;rSm T<kwfrm

pdwfxla_ym_cif;yif_zpfonf? ykxkZOf_zpfIruif;Edlifaomfvnf; wwfEdlif
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trsm;juD;rSm;<Gif;aeju>? rdrd>wOD;wnf;aomr<m;ESifhyif aEG| rdkCf;

aqmif; OwkoHk;yg;teuf Þ aqmif; 4-vr[kwf| 3-vr#avmuf<l?
wv 4-judrfonf trsm;qHk;qufqHoifhaomtjudrf_zpfo_zifh wESpf
vHk;rS 12-judrfr#om qufqHoifh>?ß 4if;rSm umrqufqHrSKem;vnfaom
avmu"gwfq7mjuD;rsm; oabmt7_zpf>? xdkajumifhbwfwif;pwuf
u 3-ESpfrSwjudrfrdwfvdkufaomqifudk abmf_y_cif;_zpfavonf?
Þ uÈEkfyfwdkhwGifum; r<m;wa<mufu 2-a<muf| taÕrmif

r<m; taysmftyg;_zifh @kyftdktoufwdk7mwdkajumif; rSm;<Gif;cJhju7m
<aehrpS I vH;k 0qif_cifjuygphkd? ß
vl r sm;onf touf w axmif t xd aeEd l i f o nf [ k a bmf _ ycJ h > ?

waxmifrae7apumrl vdrfrmovdkaev#if touf@SnfEdlif>? obm0
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tcsuf (1) (2) (3) ESifhaeEdlifv#if (4)tcsuf_zpfonfh umrqufqHrSK
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vnf; @SmjuH>? olrsm;xHodkhvnf; tjuHOm^fawmif;>? vufa7;rl
wck u pI csd K csd K pd k h e nf ; tajumif ; rsm;ud k a wG h @ S d y H k r sm;abmf _ yrnf _ zpf 7 m
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bwf w if ; pwuf > a7;om;csuf c snf ; _zpf I uÈEk f y f > xif _ rif c suf v H k ; 0
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xd k t ajumif ; ES i f h y wf o uf I a7;ol t rnf r ygaomvuf a 7;rl

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awG h @ S d _ yD ; ol a 7;om;xm;aomtajumif ; t7mrsm;ud k ~@k w pd k u f b wf @ S K
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roifhawmfao;o_zifh yHkESdyfxkwfa0_cif;r_yK7ef olhtm;owday;vdkufo_zifh
rajureyf y if _ zpf v monf [ k q d k > ? ol h p mud k b wf @ S K juaomya7mf z uf q m
rsm;teuf wa<mufrSm avmu"gwfenf;| aq;enf;ESifhprf;oyfjunfh@Sk
_yD ; aemuf acguf w H k h a cguf _ yef v rf ; av#muf v d k u f | acgif ; ud k u k w f v d k u f E S i f h
pdwfudkyifrxdef;EdlifawmhbJ Þ'dkhwawG tckxufxd uef;aejuao;ovm;ß
[k nnf;wGm;onfq> kd ?
xdkenf;vrf;aumif; @SmjuHawGh@SdonfqdkaomyídKvfu uÈEkfyfESifh

vl c sif ; awG h q H k I _yef a _ymonf r S m ol > juH p nf p d w f u l ; csuf u d k a _ym_yo_zif h
ol > bcif t 7if ; u ol h t m;t@l ; axmif o d k h y d k h v d k u f o nf q d k a jumif ; ?

t@l;axmifa7muf_yefaomtcg q7m0efonf ol>pdwful;awG;awmcsufudk
todtrSwf_yK_yef7m xdkq7m0efvnf; tvkyf_yKwfoGm;onfqdkajumif;?
uÈEk f y f u J h o d k h ES p f a ygif ; rsm;pG m xd k t ajumif ; rsm;ud k a 7;om;vmol r S m
<kwfnHhaomoabm_zifh olhenf;vrf;rScdk;cs7efqENr@Sdyg? ol>pmrlajumifh
uÈEkfyftm; xl;_cm;_cif;_zpfrnfr[kwfyg?
xd k o l o nf u ÈEk f y f x H o d k h emrnf r abmf b J aemuf x yf p mwapmif

a7;om;_yD ; aemuf uÈEk f y f E S i f h v ma7muf a wG h q H k > ? ol h e mrnf u d k a _ym_y
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tcsdeftawmfjumaqG;aEG;junfh7m trsm;tm;_zifhvnf; uÈEkfyfod_yD;om;
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twlwl_zpfI wOD;ESifhwOD; vJ<lEdlif>? aoG;om;vJvS<fzvS<f
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a < m u f s m ; r S m
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okwfaoG;onf rdef;rt~FgZmwfrS aoG;om;xJodkha7muf@SdoGm;o_zifh
ESpfa<mufpvHk;wGif tiftm;qkwf<kwf_cif;r@Sd[ka_ym>?
xdktrnfrodpma7;ol(q7m0ef)onf <cktcgY rdef;r>Edkh7nfrsm;

ESifh a<mufsm;>okwfaoG; tcgra@G;zvS<f_cif;onf tiftm;
qkwf<kwf_cif;r@Sd[k avmu"gwfenf;_zifh tudk;tumtcdkiftrm
_yEd l i f _ yD q d k o _zif h xd k u d k ; um;csuf u d k bwf @ S K 7ef a wmif ; qd k 7 m

11-7uftwGif;ay;ydkhrnfqdkaomfvnf; ay;ydkh_cif;r@Sdacs?
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pifppfawmh xdkq7m>juHpnfcsufrsm; wdrf_rKyfaysmufuG<foGm;onfrSm
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vJ v S < f < l j u7mY cspf c if o l > 7if o m;rsm;rS vJ v S < f < l E d l i f j u>?
uÈEk f y f w d k h a <muf s m;rsm;wG i f v nf ; EdkhoD;rsm;@Sd7m wpHkwOD;u uÈEkfyfwdkh
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rd e f ; rEd k h 7 nf E S i f h y wf o uf I um; umvtawmf j umanmif ; pG m uyif

vG e f r if ; pG m tm;tif _ zpf a paomt[m7"gwf _ zpf a jumif ; od j u_yD ; _zpf > ?
usef;rma7;t7m@Sd Þudka[mpifß qdkolu pmtkyfwtkyfwGif Þrdef;r>
Ed k h 7 nf o nf uav;rsm;>t[m7"gwf _ znf h p G r f ; @k H o mru uav;rsm;>
a7m~gud k v nf ; umuG < f E d l i f I vl j uD ; rsm;>usef ; rma7;twG u f v nf ;
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ol w d k h t m;wd k u f a uÈ;v#if v#if _ ref p G m aysmuf u if ; I tcsd K h a omwG i f ; ecrf ;
a7mufaeolrsm;udkyif rdef;rEdkh7nf_zifhtoufu<fq<fEdlifonf[k a_ym
bl;>?
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aomuf _ cif ; xuf usef ; rmaomEd k h x d e f ; >Ed k h u d k wd k u f @ k d u f p d k h _ cif ; u yd k r d k
aumif;rGefajumif; !$ef_yjuonf[k Þ~gvDewfß qdkola_ym_ybl;avonf?
touf 82-ESpft@G<f@Sdtbdk;juD;rSm tdyf7may:vJavsmif;v#uf

aorif;udkar#mfae77m ZeD;i<f>Edkh7nfudkpdkh7o_zifh usef;rmoefpGrf;vm@kH
omru qHyifrsm;_yefeufvmI oGm;rsm;yif_yefaygufonf[k Þudkpifa[mß
uabmf_yavonf?
t@G < f a 7muf a omvk v if w a<muf o nf i<f @ G < f a omEd k h x d e f ; >

7if o m;tay:vJ a vsmif ; um csd K csd K pd k h u opf 7 nf E k r sm;a_y;0if v mo_zif h
pd e f ; vef ; pd k a _yaeaomtud k i f ; tcuf u J h o d k h vk v if i <f r S m vnf ; tif t m;
wd k ; vm7rnf _ zpf > ? opf y if i <f o nf cd k i f _ rJ a omt_rpf r S a_rjoZm
vd k o avmuf x k w f < l a y;Ed l i f o _zif h ysuf _ ym;_cif ; r@S d o uJ h o d k h xd k h t wl
Ed k h x d e f ; wa<muf o nf wpH k w OD ; tm; ol > Ed k h 7 nf c sd K csd K ay;_yD ; aemuf
tpm;tpmud k tvsif u xuf y d k I 2-qavmuf p m;Ed l i f > ? pm;or#tpm
rsm;udkvnf; Þygpuß 0rf;rD;onf vHkrwa<mufwnf;aepOfuxufyif
ydkI t[m7"gwf_zpfatmif auscsufvmavonf?
<cktcg rnforl qdk @ky7f nfEyk sKd IvSyvmEdil _f yD_zpf>?
xk d t 7mum; t_cm;r[k w f ? tbd k ; r_zwf E d l i f a omaq;_zpf o nf h

oifrkcs Þaomufpdkh7rnfh obm0"gwfAl;_zpf>ß vHkronfEdkhcsdK"gwfAl;udk
obm0twd k i f ; _yK_yif > ? od k h 7 mwG i f @ S u f o _zif h aomuf p d k h _ cif ; r_yKjuacs?
obm0twdkif;_yKrl_cif;onf bmr#@Sufp7mr@Sday?
~syefvlrsdK;rsm;um; wd7dðmefEdkhrsm;onf wd7dðmefi<frsm;twGufom

[k rnfonfhtcgr# aomufoHk;_cif;r_yKjuacs? Þ~syefrif;aqG rif;aoG;
uav;i<frsm;onfß tysdKEdkhudkpdkhju77m tcsdKhuav;rsm;rSm <ckwdkifatmif
@Suaf ejuwke;f yif_zpfonf?
a<muf s m;>tbd k ; wef o k w f a 7onf 4if ; >aoG ; rS x k w f < l 7 _cif ;

_zpf I xd k o k w f a 7ud k cspf c if o l r d e f ; rtm; umrpyf < S u f _ cif ; _zif h rdef;r
t~FgZmwfxJu rdef;r>aoG;om;rsm;xJodkh ysHhESHha7muf@SdoGm;um a<mufsm;
pdhkI Edhk7nfuek af om7ifom;rsm;xJohkdvnf; Edhkrsm;tpm;7@So
d mG ;>?
rd e f ; r>Ed k h 7 nf r S m vnf ; 4if ; >aoG ; om;rS x k w f < l _ cif ; _zpf 7 m

a<mufsm;onf avsmhyg;oGm;aomtiftm;udk rdef;rEdkh7nfrsm;_zifh _znfhpGrf;
Edlifavonf? a<mufsm;>okwfaoG;| rdef;r>Edkh7nf wOD;ESifhwOD;zvS<f

ae_cif;_zifh ESpfOD;pvHk;>aoG;om;rSm tpOfrlvtwdkif;_zpfIvmavonf?
y7d ~ f _ rd K h u uk e f o nf j uD ; wa<muf > tajumif ; owif ; pmwG i f

awGh7yHku xdkukefonfjuD;onf csdKcsdKpdkh7eftwGuf rdef;rysdKESpfa<mufudk
w_yd K if e uf o d r f ; yd k u f x m;_yD ; csd K csd K pd k h > ? xd k u k e f o nf j uD ; uyif rd e f ; rysd K
ES p f a <muf o nf ol > usef ; rmoef p G r f ; a7;ud k rsm;pG m tul t nD 7 onf [ k
tcdkiftrma_ymqdkavonf?
ausmif;q7mwa<mufonf q7muawmf>Edkhudk!Spfum!Spfum
5-rdepfrS 8-rdepfxdjumatmif aehpOfoHk;judrfpdkh7m 8-7ufr#jumaom
tcg Ed k h x G u f v m>? q7muawmf v nf ; yd k r d k u sef ; rmvmavonf ?
q7muawmf u yif vl w d k i f ; Tpd w f u l ; rod j uao;onf r S m oemp7m
aumif;onf[k a_ymavonf?
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pd k h 7 m oH k ; 7uf E S i f h c sd K csd K xG u f v m>? aemuf x yf u av;r7awmh b J ES p f O D ;
pvHk; usef;rma7;aumif;rGefvmavonf?
6-ESpft@G<fuav;wa<muf@SdI uav; 3-a<muftzwfrwif

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vmum use;f rmaysm@f i$ pf mG _zpfvmavonf?
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tzwf r wif a omrif ; uawmf r S m Ed k h 7 nf 2-7uf r #xG u f _ yD ; aemuf 7yf p J
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Þ[ife7DbmbGefß qdkolonf ol>usef;rma7;udk 2-ESpfwdkifwdkif

rdef;rEdkh7nf_zifh _znfhpGrf;cJhbl;avonf?
_rdKhpm; Þt<fvfbm;ß qdkolrSm olhwoufwmywfvHk; rdef;rEdkhxdef;

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omoem_yKq7mwa<muf r S m aovk a rsmyg;a7m~g_zpf a e7m

uk v m;rwa<muf > Ed k h u d k we~F a EG 4 -ygwf r # p d k h 7 o_zif h _yef v nf u sef ; rm
vm>?
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r[kwf? touft@G<fcsif;uvnf;rwl? tbdk;juD;tdrfwGif t_cm;tapcH
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xd k a jumif h v nf ; bwf w if ; pwuf u vif j uD ; eS i f h t vd k r _ynf h I

vif i <f a eaomrd e f ; rES i f h w l o nf [ k !$ e f _ y_cif ; _zpf > ? vif i <f a eaom
rdef;ronf tb<frSmpdwfat;csrf;wnf_idrfpGm qufqHEdlifygrnfenf;?
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r<m;tm;pyf<u S u
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toufr@Snf_cif;rSm 4if;rdef;uav;>Edkh7nfonf rlrSefaomEdkh7nfr[kwf?
ajumuf@GHhpdk;7drfpGm a_cmufuyfuyfESifhxGuf7_cif;ajumifh tm;tifrsm;pGm

r_ynfhEdlif?
aoG;om;vSKyf@Sm;rSKoabm udk txl;em;vnf

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vlusef;rmI vSKyf@Sm;rSKcÈwf<Gif;v#if rusef;rrm_zpf7avonf? aoG;vefh
_cif;udk vlwdkif;em;vnfju>? aoG;vefhv#if toufaoonf? Tr#
ta7;juD;avonf?
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aumif;usKd ;ray;Edil [
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rsm;u ol>@kyf7nfEkysdKonf[ka_ymjuajumif;?
tpd k ; 7t7m@S d w a<muf u a7;om;onf r S m a'guf w m>pmtk y f y g

tvkyfrsm;onf rdwfaqGaumif;wa<muf7ovdk tppt7m7matmif_rif
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uav;ES p f a <muf o m;ysuf b l ; I uav;ES p f a <muf r d c if

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vdu
k af omtcg 7ifom;juD;xGm;vmyHk a7;om;abmf_yxm;onfrmS ?
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_zpfygonf? txl;o_zifh rdef;rrsm;"rRwmay:csdefwGif pdkhonfu
rsm;ygonf? tu<fI Edkh_cLydkufudkusroHk;u tenf;i<fr#om
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pdhko_zifh TuJhohkdjuD;xGm;um Edhk7nfxu G vf m_cif;_zpfygonf?
a'guf w mbwf w if ; pwuf x H o d k h Ttwd k i f ; a7;om;juaom

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tvG e f a umif ; rG e f a omf v nf ; 0goemrygol r sm;tbd k h ysif ; 7d _ iD ; aiG h b G < f
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tjud r f j ud r f q if _ cif o H k ; oyf _ yD ; aemuf pmbwf r d w f a qG r sm;tusd K ;txl ;
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jumatmif p d k h y g? 3-7uf r S 7uf a ygif ; 30-twG i f Ed k h x G u f v mrnf
ponfwhkd_zpf>?
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rsm;udk aumif;pGmxrf;aqmifEdlifrnf_zpfawmhonf?
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rjumcâr;_ref ; jubl ; >? bwf w if ; pwuf > Tusrf ; wG i f v nf ;
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aemuf q uf c gquf c gpd k h a omtcg xd k o d k h p d k h o nf u d k rd e f ; rysd K uvnf ;
cspfpdwfoabmwlaomtcg wu<fhEdkh7nfxGufygonf? om;onftar>
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abmf_ycJh_yD?)
rdef;rrsm;rSm tysdK_zpfap| vif@Sdr<m;_zpfap Edkh7nft_rJxGufavh

r@S d y g? om;onf t arrsm;om uav;tm;Ed k h 7 nf w d k u f a uÈ;pOf t_rJ

xG u f a e_cif ; _zpf > ? od k h 7 mwG i f a<muf s m;wOD ; upd k h I Ed k h 7 nf x G u f v m
aomtcg Zufwu
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tm;tif q k w f < k w f w wf o nf ? a<muf s m;rsm;rS m ok w f a oG ; xG u f v #if
tm;tifqkwf<kwfonf[k abmf_ycJh_yD;_zpf>? xdkajumifh rdef;ra<mufsm;
ES p f O D ; umrpyf < S u f 7 mY rd e f ; rwG i f tm;tif r qk w f < k w f | ok w f a oG ;
v$wf7aoma<mufsm;om tm;tifqkwf<kwfo_zifh xdkokwfaoG;tm;tif
tpm;_znfh7ef rdef;rEdkh7nf_zifhaoG;csif;zvS<f7onf[k txufuqdkcJh_cif;
_zpf>?
rd e f ; r>7if o m;wG i f csd K csd K pd k h I umrpyf < S u f 7 rnf h o l r sm;rS m

wOD;udkwOD; cspfcifjuonfh cspfvif|cspfr<m;rsm;om _zpf7rnfudkvnf;
abmf_ycJhav_yD?
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r[k w f a y? bwf w if ; pwuf > pmrsm;t7 yG i f h v if ; 7J w if ; aomtaemuf
EdlifiHrsm;Yyif tcsdKhrdef;ru oabmrwl? tcsdKha<mufsm;u @Suf@GHhjuD;
_zpf a ewwf j u>? vG e f c J h a om 2-vausmf a vmuf u Þpma7;q7m
'g@kdufwmwa<mufß tabmfrsm;ESifhtvnfvm>? olonf umrqufqH

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csd K csd K pd k h e nf ; [m rif h t wG u f {uef r k c s [ef u s7rnf ß [k a _ym_y7m
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csd K csd K pd k h I umrquf q H a 7;wG i f wOD ; ES i f h w OD ; @S u f a eIr7yg?

tusdK;tmedoifudk ESpfOD;pvHk;oabmaygufum pdwf"gwfjunfvifpGm_zifh
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vif o m;pd k h a omtcgusv#if umrajumwG i f vS K yf @ S m ;xjuG v m_rJ
_zpfavonf?
vif a <muf s m;onf rd r d > cspf r <m;tm; 7if o m;ES p f b uf u d k

wbufpDvSnfhIpdkhaepOfrSmyif cspfr<m;>cEÉmudk<fwckvHk; txl;o_zifh
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umrqEN _ yif ; xef I aewwf a vonf ? xd k t cd k u f w G i f csd K csd K pd k h a eaom
vifa<mufsm;u pyf<Sufv#if ESpfOD;pvHk; twdkif;rodumrt7om_zifh
rde;f armrwwf ajueyfjunfE;l pGm awGhjuHKcpH m;wwf7onf?
rdef;ronf umr7m~wufjuGaepOf a<medt~FgpyftwGif;ydkif;onf

pk e f h p k e f h w uf u m vS K yf @ S m ;aewwf o nf ? a<muf s m;>vd i f t ~F g oG i f ; vd k u f
aomtcg tysd K tarS ; ayguf 0 onf v nf ; vd i f a csmif ; ud k z spf ! S p f o uJ h o d k h
pk e f h p k e f h - usH K h u sH K h _ zpf a ewwf o nf ? aemuf q H k ; a<musf m ;>ok w f a 7rsm;

v$ w f x G u f o G m ;aomtcg umr7m~wuf j uG a eaom rd e f ; r>t~F g pyf
twG i f ; yd k i f ; om;td y f y g ok w f a 7rsm;ud k p k y f < l o G m ;avonf ? xd k o k w f 7 nf
rsm;omv#if rd e f ; rtm;tif t m;csif ; _znf h w if ; zvS < f a om oabmtrS e f
_zpfavonf?
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umrl rdef;rwGifxdkpdwfr@Sdu tcsnf;ESD;_zpfwwf>? a<musfm;okwfaoG;
onf rd e f ; r>twG i f ; t~F g pyf u pk w f < l _ cif ; r@S d o _zif h xd k o k w f a 7rS m
rdef;rt~FgpyfxJatmif;ae7mrS qD;oGm;aomtcg_zpfap| olhtvdktav#muf
_zpfap t_yifodkh<dkqif;oGm;wwfavonf?
TwG i f j um;_zwf I tcsd K h o d v d k r nf _ zpf a om _y\emw7yf u d k

@S i f ; vif ; vd k a yonf ? tu<f I a<muf s m;>ok w f a oG ; onf rd e f ; rrsm;
tm;tif _ ynf h _zd K ;aponf q d k t H h ? a<muf s m;trsm;ES i f h quf q H a om
_ynf h w ef q mrsm;onf tb<f a jumif h t m;tif r wd k ; oenf ; [k a r;v#if
_ynf h w ef q mrsm;rS m quf q H v mol t m; tcspf p d w f E S i f h v uf c H _ cif ; r[k w f ?
aiG7IvufcH_cif;_zpf>? 4if;_yif umrqufqHpOfYvnf; _ynf h w ef q m
rsm;onf 4if;wdkhcspfolwOD;ESifh vufcHqufqHonfhtaetxm;rsdK;r[kwfbJ
rif;wdkif;auspdwfrygbJ pdwfygcsifa<mifaqmifumqufqHjuaomajumifh
a<muf s m;>ok w f a oG ; onf _ynf h w ef q mtbd k h tusd K ;rrsm;_cif ; _zpf > ?
tcsd K h _ ynf h w ef q mrsm;rS m umrpyf < S u f _ cif ; cH 7 _yD ; aemuf csuf c sif ; vd k y if
4if;wdkh>t~FgpyftwGif;ydkif;udk a7aq;_ypfjuavonf?
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r[k w f a y? od v d k o l r sm;tbd k h qif a _cvuf a _crsm;pG m 0if E l d i f r nf u d k v nf ;
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xdktcgusrS rdef;r>udk<fwGif;odkh ysHhESHhoGm;ygonf?
vif a <muf s m;u csd K csd K pd k h y gv#uf umrpyf < S u f _ cif ; r@S d ?
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avsmhyg? csdKcsdKay;_yD;aemuf tpm;tpmrsm; a@S;<cifuxuf 2-qavmuf

yd k I pm;Ed l i f a jumif ; Tpmtk y f p mrsuf E S m (36)wG i f abmf _ ycJ h _ yD ; _zpf > ?
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rdef;ronf waoG;warG;_zpfIvm>? Þwom;arG;waoG;vSß[ka_ymju>?
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vd k u f 7 um aoG ; opf a vmif ; aomajumif h w ajumif ; ? uav;i<f t m;
Edkh7nfay;7o_zifh tpmt[m7rsm; a@S;uxuf ydkrdkpm;aomufEdlifaom
ajumif h w ajumif ; ? Ttajumif ; rsm;ajumif h 0_zd K ;vm_cif ; _zpf > ?
bwf w if ; pwuf x H a7;om;aompmrsm;ud k j unf h u Ed k h r xG u f a omrd e f ; r
vifpdkhIxGuf_yD;v#if usef;rm0_zdK;vmajumif; awGh7rnf_zpf>?
vif r <m;pH k w G J Y vif > touf u d k 20-rS 30-txd w yd k i f ; |

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40-ausmf Y rl usef ; rma7;_ynf h p H k o l r sm;om csuf c suf v uf v uf @ S d j u>?
50-ausmfv#if umrbufwGif qkwf<kwfoGm;>? tvGefhtvGefusef;rm
olrsm;om vl@G<f| vlvwfrsm;uJhodkh _znfhpGrf;Edlif_cif;@Sdavonf?
r<m;rS m um; vif E S i f h t ouf c sif ; 5-ES p f t xuf r uG m bJ

usef;rma7;_ynfhpHku umrqENudk tvdk_znfhpGrf;Edlifavonf? odkh7mwGif
rdef;rrsm;rSmvnf; touf 40-ausmf "rRwm7moD7yfpJI aoG;qHk;aom
tcsdefYum; umrqENenf;yg;oGm;avonf? TEdkh7nfudku vifpdkho_zifh
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w_cm;pD_zpfonf?
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