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  • 1.0 Gas Costs

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    mahesh7001
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    The document lists the gas costs and resource usage for various Ethereum operations. It shows that simple arithmetic operations like addition cost 3 gas units while more complex cryptographic functions like ECRecover cost 3000 gas. Memory and storage access operations generally cost between 2-5 gas units while block and account access operations have higher costs of 20 gas or more.

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    Gas costs

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    1.0 gas costs

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    The document lists the gas costs and resource usage for various Ethereum operations. It shows that simple arithmetic operations like addition cost 3 gas units while more complex cryptographic functions like ECRecover cost 3000 gas. Memory and storage access operations generally cost between 2-5 gas units while block and account access operations have higher costs of 20 gas or more.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Download as pdf or txt
    34 views2 pages

    1.0 Gas Costs

    Uploaded by

    mahesh7001
    The document lists the gas costs and resource usage for various Ethereum operations. It shows that simple arithmetic operations like addition cost 3 gas units while more complex cryptographic functions like ECRecover cost 3000 gas. Memory and storage access operations generally cost between 2-5 gas units while block and account access operations have higher costs of 20 gas or more.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 2

    Approximations Gas price

    Param Compute (µs) History (bytes) State (bytes) Bandwidth Bloom topic Mem quad Computed Actual Coefficient
    DUP 3 3 3 FASTESTSTEP
    SWAP 3 3 3 FASTESTSTEP
    PUSH 3 3 3 FASTESTSTEP Max execution time (us) 3141592 1 per microsecond
    Max history growth per day (MB) 3217 6.705502127 per history byte
    ADD 3 3 3 FASTESTSTEP Max state growth per day (MB) 113 190.8991181 per state byte
    MUL 5 5 5 FASTSTEP Max block size 50.25 61.053949 per bandwidth byte
    SUB 3 3 3 FASTESTSTEP Max bloom topics per block 12566 250.0073213 per bloom topic
    DIV 5 5 5 FASTSTEP Max memory (MB) 39 0.001969793296 per memory quad (eg. 160 bytes -> 5 words -> 25 quads)
    SDIV 5 5 5 FASTSTEP
    MOD 5 5 5 FASTSTEP
    SMOD 5 5 5 FASTSTEP Gas limit 3141592
    ADDMOD 8 8 8 MIDSTEP
    MULMOD 8 8 8 MIDSTEP
    EXPBASE 10 10 10 SLOWSTEP
    EXPBYTE 10 10 10
    SIGNEXTEND 5 5 5 FASTSTEP
    LT 3 3 3 FASTESTSTEP
    GT 3 3 3 FASTESTSTEP
    SLT 3 3 3 FASTESTSTEP
    SGT 3 3 3 FASTESTSTEP
    EQ 3 3 3 FASTESTSTEP
    ISZERO 3 3 3 FASTESTSTEP
    AND 3 3 3 FASTESTSTEP
    OR 3 3 3 FASTESTSTEP
    XOR 3 3 3 FASTESTSTEP
    NOT 3 3 3 FASTESTSTEP
    BYTE 3 3 3 FASTESTSTEP
    SHA3BASE 30 30 30
    SHA3WORD 6 6 6
    ECRECOVER 3000 3000 3000
    SHA256BASE 60 60 60
    SHA256WORD 12 12 12
    RIPEMD160BASE 600 600 600
    RIPEMD160WORD 120 120 120
    IDENTITYBASE 15 15 15
    IDENTITYWORD 3 3 3
    ADDRESS 2 2 2 QUICKSTEP
    BALANCE 20 20 20 EXTSTEP
    ORIGIN 2 2 2 QUICKSTEP
    CALLER 2 2 2 QUICKSTEP
    CALLVALUE 2 2 2 QUICKSTEP
    CALLDATALOAD 3 3 3 FASTESTSTEP
    CALLDATASIZE 2 2 2 QUICKSTEP
    CALLDATACOPYBASE 3 3 3 FASTESTSTEP
    CODESIZE 2 2 2 QUICKSTEP
    CODECOPYBASE 3 3 3 FASTESTSTEP
    GASPRICE 2 2 2 QUICKSTEP
    EXTCODESIZE 20 20 20 EXTSTEP
    EXTCODECOPYBASE 20 20 20 EXTSTEP
    GCOPYWORD 3 3 3
    BLOCKHASH 20 20 20 EXTSTEP
    COINBASE 2 2 2 QUICKSTEP
    TIMESTAMP 2 2 2 QUICKSTEP
    NUMBER 2 2 2 QUICKSTEP
    DIFFICULTY 2 2 2 QUICKSTEP
    GASLIMIT 2 2 2 QUICKSTEP
    POP 2 2 2 QUICKSTEP
    MLOAD 3 3 3 FASTESTSTEP
    MSTORE 3 3 3 FASTESTSTEP
    MSTORE8 3 3 3 FASTESTSTEP
    SLOAD 50 50 50
    STORAGEADD 200 750 80 20501.05604 20000
    STORAGEMOD 200 750 0 5229.126595 5000
    STORAGEKILL 200 750 -80 -10042.80285
    5000, plus 15000 refund
    JUMP 8 8 8 MIDSTEP
    JUMPI 10 10 10 SLOWSTEP
    PC 2 2 2 QUICKSTEP
    MSIZE 2 2 2 QUICKSTEP
    GAS 2 2 2 QUICKSTEP
    JUMPDEST 1 1 1
    GLOG 32 10 1 349.0623426 375
    GLOGTOPIC 20 16 1 377.2953554 375
    GLOGDATA 1 1 7.705502127 8
    CREATE 40 1000 128 31180.58924 32000
    CREATEDATA 3 1 193.8991181 200 New: full_memory_gas_cost = 3 * W + floor(W*W / 512)
    GCALL 40 40 40
    GCALLVALUETRANSFER 1000 6705.502127 9000 Note: 2300 additional free gas to internal execution for calls that have value transfer
    GCALLSTIPEND 2300
    GCALLNEWACCOUNT 0 128 24435.08711 25000

    RETURN 5 5 0 ZEROSTEP
    STOP 1 1 0 ZEROSTEP
    SUICIDE 10 0 10 0 ZEROSTEP
    GSUICIDEREFUND -128 -24435.08711
    24000 refund
    MEMWORD 3 3 3
    QUADCOEFFDIV 1 0.001969793296
    512 (divisor) Old: full_memory_gas_cost = W + floor(W*W / 1024), W = words in memory
    GTX 10000 1200 110 24762.53694 21000
    GTXDATANONZERO 1 1 67.75945113 68
    GTXDATAZERO 0.0625 0.0625 4.234965696 4

    See https://github.com/ethereum/cpp-ethereum/blob/poc9trie/feeStructure.json
    Tier Name Gas
    0 ZEROSTEP 0
    1 QUICKSTEP 2
    2 FASTESTSTEP 3
    3 FASTSTEP 5
    4 MIDSTEP 8
    5 SLOWSTEP 10
    6 EXTSTEP 20
    7 (SPECIAL) n/a
    QUICKSTEP FASTESTSTEP FASTSTEP MIDSTEP SLOWSTEP EXTSTEP
    Gas cost 2 3 5 8 10 20
    ADDRESS DUP MUL ADDMOD JUMPI BLOCKHASH
    ORIGIN SWAP DIV MULMOD EXPBASE BALANCE
    CALLER PUSH MOD JUMP EXTCODESIZE
    CALLVALUE ADD SDIV EXTCODECOPYBASE
    CALLDATASIZE SUB SMOD
    CODESIZE LT SIGNEXTEND
    GASPRICE GT
    COINBASE SLT
    TIMESTAMP SGT
    NUMBER EQ
    DIFFICULTY AND
    GASLIMIT OR
    POP XOR
    PC NOT
    MSIZE BYTE
    GAS CALLDATALOAD
    CALLDATACOPY
    CODECOPY
    MLOAD
    MSTORE
    MSTORE8

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