Pitot tube

A pitot (/ˈpiːtoʊ/ PEE-toh) tube, also known as pitot probe, is a flow measurement device used to

measure fluid flow velocity. The pitot tube was invented by the French engineer Henri Pitot in the
early 18th century

It is widely used to determine the airspeed of an aircraft,[3] water speed of a boat, and to measure

liquid, air and gas flow velocities in certain industrial applications.

A pitot-static system is a system of pressure-sensitive instruments that is most often used in aviation
to determine an aircraft's airspeed, Mach number, altitude, and altitude trend.

Location of pitot tubes on a Boeing 777

Industry applications
In industry, the flow velocities being measured are often those flowing in ducts and tubing where
measurements by an anemometer would be difficult to obtain. In these kinds of measurements, the
most practical instrument to use is the pitot tube. The pitot tube can be inserted through a small hole
in the duct with the pitot connected to a U-tube water gauge or some other differential pressure
gauge for determining the flow velocity inside the ducted wind tunnel. One use of this technique is to
determine the volume of air that is being delivered to a conditioned space.
The fluid flow rate in a duct can then be estimated from:
Volume flow rate (cubic feet per minute) = duct area (square feet) × flow
velocity (feet per minute)
Volume flow rate (cubic meters per second) = duct area (square meters) × flow
velocity (meters per second)
In aviation, airspeed is typically measured in knots.
In weather stations with high wind speeds, the pitot tube is modified to create a special type
of anemometer called pitot tube static anemometer

Reference:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitot_tube
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_pressure#Static_pressure_in_fluid_dynamics

Static pressure
In fluid mechanics the term static pressure has several uses:

 In the design and operation of aircraft, static pressure is the air pressure in the
aircraft's static pressure system.
 In fluid dynamics, many authors use the term static pressure in preference to just pressure to
avoid ambiguity. Often however, the word ‘static’ may be dropped and in that usage pressure is
the same as static pressure at a nominated point in a fluid.
 The term static pressure is also used by some authors in fluid statics.

A venturimeter is a device used to measure the fluid flow through pipes. This flow
measurement device is based on the principle of Bernoulli's equation. Inside the pipe, pressure
difference is created by reducing the cross-sectional area of the flow passage.

Sample problem

http://www.uobabylon.edu.iq/eprints/publication_3_3542_6015.pdf