Now I will introduce the other way of solving right triangles, which is Trigonometry.

Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics that deals with side lengths and angles of triangles.
Trigonometry comes from the Greek words trigōnon and metron which means triangle and measure
respectively.
In short, trigonometry is concern on triangle measures.
For our lesson today we will focus first on the Right Triangles.
We will work hand in hand together to help Super Mario save the princess.
And to do that we must learn the basic concepts of solving right triangles
using trigonometry.
There are three parts of a right triangle.
- Hypotenuse – longest side of a right triangle. The slanting side.
- Opposite – Is the side opposite the angle.
- Adjacent – The side beside the opposite side that is not the
hypotenuse.
We will use these basic parts of a right triangle to compute for its sides and angles.
Moving on, in trigonometry, there are three basic functions or ratios.
They are the Sine, Cosine, and Tangent functions.
Let us define each function or ratio in terms of the sides of the triangle.
Sine of an angle is defined as the ratio between the opposite and the hypotenuse.
Cosine of an angle is defined as the ratio between the adjacent and the hypotenuse
Lastly, Tangent of an angle is defined as the ratio between opposite and adjacent.
These definitions may seem hard to memorize but there is mnemonic device that we can use to easily
memorize these functions.

SOH-CAH-TOA

Sine θ = o/h
Cosine θ = a/h
Tangent θ = o/a
So, in terms of these three basic functions we just need to remember SOH-CAH-TOA.
And always remember that the theta (θ) is a representation for an angle.
Again, what is sine θ?
Opposite over hypotenuse
How about cosine θ?
Adjacent over hypotenuse
And for tangent θ?
Opposite over adjacent
So now that we know the basic concepts of trigonometry in dealing with sides and angles of a right triangle.
We will apply it into examples.
Suppose Mario encountered this triangle. And we need to help him find the angle θ.
Can we apply geometry for this problem? Can we apply basic properties of a triangle or Pythagorean Theorem
in this problem?
No
Very Good! Because we are looking for an angle and the only given
values are for the two sides. Properties of triangle and Pythagorean
Theorem cannot be applied here.
With this case, we are going to apply trigonometry.
First Step, we need to identify what are the given values and what
are we looking for.
Almira, what are the given values?
We have 5 units for the opposite side and 9 units for the hypotenuse
side.
And we are looking for?
The angle θ.
The given values are opposite side and hypotenuse side.
Going back to our basic trigonometric functions, what function involves opposite and hypotenuse?
The sine Function
Very Good! It is the sine function. So next step is plugging in our values to the formula or the definition of sine
function. Bring out your calculators to help us compute for the angle.
sin θ = 5/9
Since we are isolating the theta on one side because we are looking for the angle, we will transpose the sine
function on the other side of the equation and make it its inverse. Inverse of sine or arcsine.
θ = sin-1 5/9
θ ≈ 33.7o
So the angle is approximately 33.7 degrees.
Let us try another one.
Suppose this triangle.
We first note what the given values are.
Kenneth, can you give us the given and unknown values in the triangle?
In the triangle, opposite side is given by 3 units and the angle given is 24
degrees. We are looking for the length of the hypotenuse side.
That’s correct! Can you determine what trigonometric function are we going
to use?
We will be using a cosine function.
Very Good! Why is that?
Because the given values are adjacent side and an angle and we are looking for the value of the hypotenuse.
That is correct! So now, that we know what are the given and unknown, let us plug in the values to our cosine
function definition.
cos 24o = 3/x
Since we are looking for the value of x, we will isolate x in one side. To isolate x, we will be using the
multiplication property of equality. We multiply both sides by x/(cos24o).
x 3 x
∙ cos 24 ° = ∙
cos 24 ° x cos 24 °

By elimination, we will get.

3
x¿
cos 24 °
x ≈ 3.3 units
So basically, that is how we compute for right triangle lengths and angles using trigonometric identities. Just
remember SOH-CAH-TOA
Now, maybe you are wondering, what are these
trigonometric functions for? How is it applied to real
life?
So these functions is applied in real life by the use of
what we call angles of elevation and depression.
Angle of elevation is an angle made with the horizontal
by the line of sight from an observer to an object on a
higher level than the observer
While Angle of depression is an angle made with the
horizontal by the line of sight from an observer to an
object on a lower level than the observer
Let us have this example problem.
From Mario on the ground 43 ft. from the pipe tunnel, the angle of elevation to the top of the pipe is 65o. How
high is the tunnel Building?
So to understand this, we need to represent and draw things.
So Mario is 43 ft. from the Pipe Tunnel and the angle of elevation is 65 degrees.
So now we can see that we formed a right triangle. So we will go back to our basic concepts of trigonometry.
In looking for the height of the building. What side are we looking for?
Opposite
And what side is given?
Adjancent
So what do you think is the trigonometric ratio or function that we are going to use?
Tangent
Very Good! We will be using the tangent ratio.
tan 65o = x / 43
By multiplication property of inequality, we multiply each part of the equation by 43
43 tan 65o = (x / 43 ) (43)
By cancellation we have,
43 tan 65o = x
x ≈ 92.2 ft.
Finally, the Pipe Tunnel building rises at approximately 92.2 ft.
Am I getting across?
Yes Sir
Is everything clear?
Yes Sir
Do you have any clarifications with the lesson?
None so far sir.
Again, what are the three basic trigonometric ratios or functions?
Sine θ = o/h
Cosine θ = a/h
Tangent θ = o/a
SOH-CAH-TOA
So now we will be having a group activity. But before that, what are our rules for group projects?
Follow the instruction
Follow the time allotment
Work quietly
Be cooperative
Okay Very Good! So now we will be doing our group activity.
So you will be the group 1 and you will be the group 2.
I will be giving you one problem and both groups will compute for two different unknown values. You need to
write it on a bond paper creatively and you will pass it to me once the time elapsed. I will be giving you 5
minutes to accomplish the activity. Once done, pass it directly to me.
The problem is
Super Mario Visited the Philippines and he saw a cadet standing 50m from the base of the independence
flagpole at the Luneta Park observes from a certain point on the ground that the angle of elevation to the top of
the pole is 35 degrees. Help Mario find the height of the flagpole. (Group 1). Help Mario find the distance
between the feet of the cadet to the tip of the flagpole. (Group 2)
You Timer starts now.
(everyone will pass their work)
Okay Good Job Everyone! So I will be sending you practice questions and problems on google classroom for
you to review on.