Rating and Design of Tubular Heat Exchangers using HTRI

Abstract:- Heat exchangers are invariably the most widely used equipment in the industry and
are indispensable tools in every process . Heat exchangers design is instrumental in energy
conservation. An efficient design optimizes the economics of the process and also plays a vital
role in enchanting the rate of heat transfer. In lieu of the labour involved in determining the
various parameters, HTRI provides a better design by improvising on the accuracy of
calculations in as less a time as possible. The main aim of this project is to illustrate the usage
of HTRI by considering on industrial case

Introduction: - Heat exchangers are devices that provide the flow of thermal energy between
two or more fluids at different temperatures. Heat exchangers are used in a wide variety of
applications. These include power production; process, chemical and food industries;
electronics; environmental engineering; waste heat recovery; manufacturing industry and air
conditioning, refrigeration and space application.

Heat exchangers can be classified according to the following main criteria

In this project we are interested in the indirect contact for tubular heat exchangers only

Tubular heat exchangers: - Tubular heat • Rating

exchangers are classified into the following
• Design (sizing)
types
In rating problem the performance
• Double pipe heat exchangers: -
of the heat exchanger is evaluated.
Consists of one pipe placed
The rating problem input includes
concentrically inside another of
• Heat exchanger construction
large diameter.
details
• Shell and Tube heat exchangers: -
• Flow arrangements
Consists of a shell inside which
tubes are placed in the form of • Overall dimensions
bundle. This is the most commonly • Material details
used heat exchangers in industries
• Surface geometries
• Spiral heat exchangers: - Consists
• Fluid flow rates
of a shell surrounded by spiral path
for the flow of the second fluid. • Inlet temperatures

Shell and Tube heat exchangers consists of • Fouling factors

the following equipments The designer`s task is to predict the fluid

• Tubes outlet temperatures, total heat transfer rate

• Baffles
• Shell
The equipments used are according to the
Tubular Heat Exchanger Manufacturing
Association (TEMA) standards. The detail
specification of the equipment, their shape
and pressure drops.
In design problem the physical size of an
exchanger is determined. The input to
design problem are
• Fluid inlet and outlet temperature
• Flow rates

and sizes are mentioned in TEMA 6th • Fouling factors

edition.
• Pressure drop on each side
Heat exchanger design problem: - The
The designer`s task is to select
two most heat exchanger design problem
• Construction type
are
• Flow arrangements
 • Material and surface geometry
Basic Design procedure: -
To design a heat exchanger the following
algorithm is followed
1. Define duty of the exchanger
2. Fluid physical properties are
gathered or estimated
3. Type of heat exchanger
4. Select a trivial value of U (overall
heat transfer coefficient).
5. Calculate LMTD (logarithmic Mean
Temperature Difference).
6. Calculate the area required
Q=UA∆Tm
7. Decide the exchanger layout
8. Calculate the individual coefficients
9. Calculate the overall coefficient
with the trial value.
10. Calculate the pressure drop if
unsatisfactory return to step 7or 4 or
3.
11. Optimize the design.
HTRI
HTRI Xchanger suite 1.0 is a product that
assists in Design/Rating of multiple unit
type. It includes components for the design,
rating and/or simulation of heat exchangers.
The suits available in software are
• Xace – Air coolers and
economizers.
• Xist – Shell and Tube.
• Xhpe – Hairpin
• Xjpe – Jacketed pipes
• Xphe – Plate and Frame.
• Xspe – Spiral plate.
• Xfh – Fired heaters.
• Xvib – vibrational analysis.
In this project we had dealt with only Xjpe
and Xist as we were only concern with
tubular heat exchangers.
WHY HTRI
• Dynamic input unit conversion
• Multiple case view
• Wide variety of reports
• Complete control over the design
variables and range of variation
• Internal databank
• Program calculated and interpolated
properties
 • Easy design of cases where manual
calculation are time consuming

WORK CARRIED OUT: -

• A rating problem was run for

Example 6.1 (Process heat transfer,
Donald Q. Kern, McGraw Hill,
1965).
CONCLUSION: -
• A rating problem for a shell and
• HTRI offers many input options
tube heat exchanger Example 3.1
(Boilers-Evaporators-Condensers, • Simulation becomes easier, a
Sadic Kakac, John Wiley and Sons number of geometries can be
inc, 1991). evaluated

• A thermal design for an industrial • Wide range of reports can be

case was done for a problem from obtained
Reliance industries Ltd., Jamnagar.
• Various plots can be plotted.

• 3-D exchanger drawings can be

obtained.