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KTDT C6 Dai So Boole PDF
KTDT C6 Dai So Boole PDF
HCM
x y x . y (x AND y) x y x + y (x OR y)
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 1 1
1 0 0 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
x x’ (NOT x, x )
0 1
1 0
* Thöù töï pheùp toaùn: theo thöù töï daáu ngoaëc (), NOT, AND, OR
III. Daïng chính taéc vaø daïng chuaån cuûa haøm Boole:
1. Caùc tích chuaån (minterm) vaø toång chuaån (Maxterm):
- Tích chuaån (minterm): mi (0 ≤ i ≤ 2n-1) laø caùc soá haïng tích
(AND) cuûa n bieán maø haøm Boole phuï thuoäc vôùi quy öôùc
bieán ñoù coù buø neáu noù laø 0 vaø khoâng buø neáu laø 1.
- Toång chuaån (Maxterm): Mi (0 ≤ i ≤ 2n-1) laø caùc soá haïng
toång (OR) cuûa n bieán maø haøm Boole phuï thuoäc vôùi quy
öôùc bieán ñoù coù buø neáu noù laø 1 vaø khoâng buø neáu laø 0.
x y z minterm Maxterm
0 0 0 m0 = x y z M0 = x + y + z
0 0 1 m1 = x y z M1 = x + y + z
0 1 0 m2 = x y z M2 = x + y + z
mi = M i
0 1 1 m3 = x y z M3 = x + y + z
1 0 0 m4 = x y z M4 = x + y + z
1 0 1 m5 = x y z M5 = x + y + z
1 1 0 m6 = x y z M6 = x + y + z
1 1 1 m7 = x y z M7 = x + y + z 6
x y z F
0 0 0 X F (x, y, z) = Σ (1, 2, 5, 6) + d (0, 7)
0 0 1 1
0 1 0 1 = Π (3, 4) . D (0, 7)
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0
1 0 1 1
1 1 0 1
1 1 1 X
8
b. Daïng chuaån 2:
laø daïng tích caùc toång (P.O.S – Product of Sum)
F (x, y, z) = (x + z) y
* F (x, y, z) = (x + z) y = xy + yz
= x y (z + z) + (x + x) y z
= xyz+xyz+ xyz +xyz
= m4 + m5 + m0
= Σ (0, 4, 5)
* F (x, y, z) = (x + z) y
= (x + y y + z) (x x + y + z z)
= (x + y + z) (x + y + z)
(x + y + z)(x + y + z)(x + y + z)(x + y + z)
= M3 . M1 . M7 . M6 . M2
= Π (1, 2, 3, 6, 7) 10
x
2. Coång AND:
x
x z = x.y
y y
z
x y z
0 0 0
0 1 0 Vôùi coång AND coù nhieàu ngoõ vaøo,
1 0 0 ngoõ ra seõ laø 1 neáu taát caû caùc ngoõ vaøo ñeàu laø 1
1 1 1 11
3. Coång OR:
x z = x+y x
y
y
x y z
0 0 0 z
0 1 1
1 0 1 Vôùi coång OR coù nhieàu ngoõ vaøo,
1 1 1 ngoõ ra seõ laø 0 neáu taát caû caùc ngoõ vaøo ñeàu laø 0
4. Coång NAND:
x x
z = x.y
y y
x y z
z
0 0 1
0 1 1 Vôùi coång NAND coù nhieàu ngoõ vaøo,
1 0 1 ngoõ ra seõ laø 0 neáu taát caû caùc ngoõ vaøo ñeàu laø 1
1 1 0 12
5. Coång NOR:
x z = x+y x
y
y
x y z
0 0 1 z
0 1 0
1 0 0 Vôùi coång NOR coù nhieàu ngoõ vaøo,
1 1 0 ngoõ ra seõ laø 1 neáu taát caû caùc ngoõ vaøo ñeàu laø 0
14
* Bìa 3 bieán:
F AB
C 00 01 11 10
0 0 2 6 4
1 1 3 7 5
F AB F AB
C 00 01 11 10 C 00 01 11 10
0 X 1 1 0 X 0
1 X 1 1 X 0 0
17
F AB
* Bìa 4 bieán:
CD 00 01 11 10
00 0 4 12 8
01 1 5 13 9
11 3 7 15 11
10 2 6 14 10
* Bìa 5 bieán:
F A 0 1
BC 00 01 11 10 10 11 01 00
DE
00 0 4 12 8 24 28 20 16
01 1 5 13 9 25 29 21 17
11 3 7 15 11 27 31 23 19
10 2 6 14 10 26 30 22 18
18
BC A +B
19
- Lieân keát 4: Töông töï nhö lieân keát ñoâi khi lieân keát 4
OÂ_1 hoaëc 4 OÂ_ 0 keà caän vôùi nhau, ta seõ loaïi ñi ñöôïc 2 bieán (2
bieán khaùc nhau giöõa 4 oâ)
F AB F AB
C 00 01 11 10 C 00 01 11 10
0 1 1 0
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
B C
20
- Lieân keát 8: lieân keát 8 oâ keà caän vôùi nhau, ta seõ loaïi ñi
ñöôïc 3 bieán (3 bieán khaùc nhau giöõa 8 oâ)
F AB F AB
CD 00 01 11 10 CD 00 01 11 10
00 00 0 0
01 1 1 1 1 01 0 0
11 1 1 1 1 11 0 0
10 10 0 0
D B
- Lieân keát 2k: khi ta lieân keát 2k OÂ_1 hoaëc 2k OÂ_0 keà caän
vôùi nhau ta seõ loaïi ñi ñöôïc k bieán (k bieán khaùc nhau giöõa 2k
oâ)
21
Các ví dụ về 2 ô kế cận
F F
AB AB
00 01 11 10 00 01 11 10
CD CD
00 1 1 00 0
01 01
11 11
10 10 0
F F
AB AB
00 01 11 10 00 01 11 10
CD CD
00 00
01 01
11 11 0
10 10
1 1 0
Các ví dụ về 4 ô kế cận
F F
AB AB
00 01 11 10 00 01 11 10
CD CD
00 1 1 1 1 00
01 C D 01 1 1
11 11 1 1
A D
10 10
F F
AB AB
00 01 11 10 00 01 11 10
CD CD
00 1 1 A D 00
01 01 1 1
BD
11 11 1 1
10 1 1 10
Các ví dụ về 4 ô kế cận
F F
AB AB
00 01 11 10 00 01 11 10
CD CD
00 0 0 0 0 C+ D 00
01 01 0 0
11
A+D 11 0 0
10 10
F F
AB AB
00 01 11 10 00 01 11 10
CD CD
00 0 0 A+D 00
01 01 0 0
B+ D 0
11 11 0
10 0 0 10
Các ví dụ về 4 ô kế cận
F F
AB AB
00 01 11 10 00 01 11 10
CD CD
00 00 0 0
C +D
01 0 0 0 0 01 0 0
11 A+C 11
10 10
F F
AB AB
00 01 11 10 00 01 11 10
CD CD
00 0 0 00 0 0
01
B + C 01 0 0
11 B+ D 11
10 0 0 10
Các ví dụ về 4 ô kế cận
F F
AB AB
00 01 11 10 00 01 11 10
CD CD
00 00 1 1
C D
01 1 1 1 1 01 1 1
11 A C 11
10 10
F F
AB AB
00 01 11 10 00 01 11 10
CD CD
00 1 1 00 1 1
01 B C 01 1 1
11
B D 11
10 1 1 10
Các ví dụ về 8 ô kế cận
F F
AB AB
00 01 11 10 00 01 11 10
CD CD
00 1 1 1 1 00 0 0
C
01 1 1 1 1 01 0 0
A
11 11 0 0
10 10 0 0
F F
AB AB
00 01 11 10 00 01 11 10
CD CD
00 1 1 1 1 00
01 01 0 0 0 0
D D
11 11 0 0 0 0
10 1 1 1 1 10
F AB
00 01 11 10
CD
00 1 1
01 1
11 1 1
10 1 1
F ( A, B, C , D) = A B C D + A B + BC
F(A, B, C, D) = ∑ (0,1,4,5,6,7,14,15)
F
AB
00 01 11 10
CD
00 1 1
01 1 1
11 1 1
10 1 1
F(A, B, C, D) = A C + BC
* Tröôøng hôïp ruùt goïn haøm Boole coù tuøy ñònh: thì ta coù theå coi
caùc OÂ tuøy ñònh naøy laø OÂ_1 hoaëc OÂ_0 sao cho coù lôïi khi lieân keát
(nghóa laø coù ñöôïc lieân keát nhieàu OÂ keà caän nhaát)
F(A, B, C, D) = Σ (0, 4, 8, 10) + d (2, 12, 15)
= BD +CD
F AB
CD 00 01 11 10
00 1 1 X 1 CD
01
11 X
10 X 1
BD
32
F AB
CD 00 01 11 10
00 0 0 X X D
01 X X
11 0 X
(B + C)
10 0 0 0 0
33
* Chuù yù:
- Öu tieân lieân keát cho caùc oâ chæ coù 1 kieåu lieân keát (phaûi laø lieân
keát coù nhieàu oâ nhaát).
- Khi lieân keát phaûi ñaûm baûo coù chöùa ít nhaát 1 oâ chöa ñöôïc lieân
keát laàn naøo.
- Coù theå coù nhieàu caùch lieân keát coù keát quaû töông ñöông nhau
- Ta coi caùc tuøy ñònh nhö laø nhöõng oâ ñaõ lieân keát roài.
Vd: Ruùt goïn caùc haøm
F1(A, B, C, D) = Σ (1, 3, 5, 12, 13, 14, 15) + d (7, 8, 9)
F(A, B, C, D) = A B D + C D
B F(A, B, C, D)
C
D
AND 0R
35
F(A, B, C, D) = (A + D) (B + C+ D)
A
B F(A, B, C, D)
C
OR AND
36
F(A, B, C, D) = A D + B C
A
F(A, B, C, D)
B
C
D
AND NOR
37
F(A, B, C, D) = (A + D) (B + C)
A
F(A, B, C, D)
B
C
D
OR NAND
38
F(A, B, C, D) = A B D + C D
= ABD . CD
A
B F(A, B, C, D)
C
D
39
NAND NAND
F(A, B, C, D) = (A + D) (B + C+ D)
= AD . BCD
A
B F(A, B, C, D)
40
- Trong thöïc teá ngöôøi ta chæ söû duïng 1 loaïi coång NAND 2 ngoõ vaøo;
khi ñoù ta phaûi bieán ñoåi bieåu thöùc sao cho chæ coù daïng buø treân 1 soá
haïng tích chæ coù 2 bieán
F (A, B, C, D) = A B D . C D
= ABD . CD
B F(A, B, C, D)
C
D
41
F(A, B, C, D) = (A + D) (B + C+ D)
= (A + D) + (B + C+ D)
A
B F(A, B, C, D)
C
42
NOR NOR
F(A, B, C, D) = A B D + C D
= (A + B + D) + (C + D)
B F(A, B, C, D)
C
D
43
F(A, B, C, D) = (A + D) (B + C) (C + D)
= (A + D) + (B + C) + (C + D)
= (A + D) + (B + C) + (C + D)
A
F(A, B, C, D)
B
C
D
44