Proc Sop

1.
0 PURPOSE
This guideline outlines the requirements for Non-Destructive Testing of structural and piping
welds to detect surface or subsurface discontinuities in materials, welds and fabricated parts or
components.
2.0 SCOPE
This guideline covers the personnel qualification, safety, equipment, examination, Inspection and
reporting of the following disciplines.
1. Magnetic Particle Inspection.
2. Dye Penetrant Inspection.
3. Radiographic Inspection.
4. Ultrasonic Inspection.
3.0 REFERENCE
AWS D1.1 2000 : Structural Welding Code (Steel)
ASME V 1995 : Boiler and pressure vessel Code.
DIN 54 109 Part 1 :Non-destructive Testing Image Quality of Radiographs

Concepts, Image Quality Indicators, Determination of Image
Quality Value
SNT-TC-IA : Recommended Practice for Non-destructive Testing

Personnel Qualification and Certification.
ASTM E 709-95 Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Testing.
ASTM E 165-95 Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination.
ASTM E 1220-99 Standard Test Method for Visible Penetrant Examination

Using the Solvent removable process.
ASTM E94-93. Recommended Practice for Radiographic Testing.

PTSC/CORALL/042000/CPC3LQ99/NDT/SOP- QS4.10_3 Page 1 of 90
ASTM E142-92 Standard method for controlling Quality of Radiographic
Testing.
ASME B31.3-96 Process Piping.
ASME Code Sec. V. Non-Destructive Examination.
4.0 WELD TYPES TO BE INSPECTED.
1. Butt joints (B)a. Slots and butts of plates. bBoundary girders between themselves. c. Frame
girders to boundary girders. d. Frame girders and their flanges joints. e. Joints of
recess plates. f.Plate slots. g.Joints of frame girders and their flanges. h.Joint of
stanchion. i. Framing joints.
2. Lap joints (L):a. Slots and butts of plates. b. Slots of recess plates.
3. T-Joints (T) : a. Frame web to flanges. b. Longitudinal stiffeners to plate. c. Boundary

girders between themselves. d. Boundary girders to plate. e. Frame girders to plate. f.
Frame girders to boundary girders. g. Transverse stiffeners to plate. h. Deck plate to
stanchion. I. Boundary web girder flange to stanchion. J. Outside walls to deck
plating. k. Frame girders flanges. l. Stanchions. m. Pillars to deck plating. n. Frame
girders flanges. o. Recesses between themselves. p. Recesses to deck plating. q.
Stanchions to deck plating. r. Frame web to flanges. s. Rail stanchion flanges to deck
plating. t. Buttress to stanchion. u. Platform framing joints.
4. Corner joints (C) : a. Stanchion welding. b. Stiffeners to stanchions.
4.1 Welding Process : Automatic Submerged-arc, Semi-automatic CO 2 metal-arc

and Manual Arc welding
5.0 DEFINITIONS
NDT: Non-destructive Testing
PCN: Personnel Certification in Non-destructive Testing
ASME: American Society of Mechanical Engineer
ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials
ASNT: American Society of Non-destructive Testing
CSWI: Certification Scheme of Welding and Inspection Personnel
ASNT: American Society of Non-destructive Testing

AWS: American Welding Society.
6.0. RESPONSIBILITIES
The quality control department shall be responsible for ensuring that all NDT is performed
accurately, efficiently and expeditiously, in accordance with approved techniques.
The quality control department will be responsible for ensuring that all results of the NDT are
reviewed, interpreted and recorded in accordance with the applicable codes.
It is the responsibility of the production department to liaise with the quality control department
ensuring timely notice is given to allow testing to be performed which meets the obligations of this
procedure.
The QA/QC Manager will liaise with the client, advising of the day to day business of the
department, proposed activities and review of test results.
7.0. ORGANISATION
The quality control department will comprise of a QA/QC Manager and an appropriate number of
experienced inspectors. The QA/QC Manager will report directly to the Project QA Manager. The
department will ensure manning levels which adequately service the needs of the production
department in progressing fabrication efficiently. In turn the production department will take
account of the knowledge and experience available, in terms of valid advice for the avoidance of
quality control problems, when carrying out welding activities.
All personnel carrying out NDT shall be suitably trained and qualified to
SNT-TC-IA or equivalent recognized National Standard.
Only personnel qualified to ASNT level 11, 111 or equivalent National Standard shall carry out the
interpretation and evaluation of NDT results.
All personnel are required to undergo an eye examination for visual acuity and be able to read the
Jaeger chart.
8.0 NDT PROCEDURES.
8.1 Magnetic Particle Inspection { MPI}
This procedure describes the methods used for the magnetic particle inspection of welds and scarred
areas in ferro-magnetic materials.
Inspection shall only be performed at ambient temperatures unless otherwise approved by the Project
QA Manager and with the agreement of the Company.

Magnetic particle inspection of welds will be carried out in accordance with the following, structural
steel : AWS D1.1-2000, Section 6, Part D. Pipework: ASME V, Article 7.
8.1.1. Method of Examination
Examination shall be done by the continuos method. The magnetizing current shall be on
while the examination medium is being applied and while the excess of the medium is being
removed.
8.1.2. Magnetization equipment/techniques
a. Yoke technique
A method used to detect discontinuities that are open to the surface. An

alternating or direct current electromagnetic yokes, or permanent magnet yokes
shall be used.
When using AC, the electromagnetic yokes shall have a lifting power of at least
4.5-Kg (10 lbs) and when DC or permanent electromagnetic yoke is used, the
lifting power shall be 18.1 Kg (40 lb) at maximum pole spacing where they will
be used. The lifting power of the Yoke shall be verified on a daily basis or
whenever damage or malfunction is suspected. Results shall be documented on
the Yoke Test Log see exhibit {1/1}
b. Prod Technique
Localized magnetization is achieved by flowing current through the parts via the
prods which resulted in circular magnetic field on the component around the
prods. Extreme care must be taken to maintain clean prod tips and ensure good
contact as to avoid localized heating and are strike on the components at the prod
tips. This technique is suitable for small and big components.
c. Coil/Cable Magnetization
Longitudinal magnetization along the length of tubular products is achieved. It is

used to magnetize long products.
d. Permanent Magnets
Permanent magnet should be used when power supply is not available or the
working environment does not permit not work. Type of permanent magnet to be
used shall be approved by Customer.
8.1.3. Surface Preparation

The surface to be examined and all adjacent area within at least 1 inch, shall be dry and clean.
i.e. free from oil, dirt, scale, slag, spatters and other contaminates. Slight grinding may be
required if surface irregularities could mask indications. Welds shall not be tested until 48
hours after completion of welding for high strength steel and a minimum of 24 hours for low
strength steel.
8.1.4. Lighting
Bright daylight conditions shall be considered adequate. In other conditions artificial lighting
shall be used, i.e. using a 100-watt tungsten bulb at a distance of approximately 300mm or by
using a 60-watt fluorescent tube at a distance of approx. 1m.
8.1.5. Magnetic Field Adequacy and Direction
A magnetic particle field indicator is used to verify the adequacy or direction of the magnetic
field and shall position on the surface to examine.
See Figure Magnetic Particle Field Indicator. A suitable flux or field strength is indicated when
a clearly defined line of magnetic particles formed across the copper face of the indicator. The
magnetic particles are applied simultaneously with the magnetizing force. When the defined
line of the particles are not formed, or are not formed in the desired direction, the magnetizing
technique shall be changed or adjusted.
FIGURE I – Magnetic Particle Field Indicator
Eight low carbon steel

pie sections, furnace
1” brazed together.
Nonferrous Handle of any

Convinient length.
Artificial Flaw.{ all segment

interfaces}
Braze weld or mechanically

1/32” attach non-ferous trunnins
max
Copper plate
0.010” +/- 0.001” thick.
1/8”

8.1.6. Magnetic Particles
a. Dry magnetic particles
Dry magnetic particle shall only be used when temperatures of test surface exceed 50. Re-
used of dry magnetic particles are not allowed.
Dry magnetic particles shall be applied in such a manner that a light uniform, dust-like
coating settles upon the surface of the test part while the part is being magnetized. The dry
particles can be applied by powder blowers or hand powders applicator.
b. Wet Magnetic Particle
Whenever a new batch of ink is required to be mixed, the concentration shall be verified as
follows.
i. Thoroughly agitate the suspension.
ii. Transfer a 100ml sample to a Sutherland Flask.
iii. Allow to settle under gravity for, 30 minutes for water-based suspensions or 60 minutes for
petroleum distillate suspensions.
iv. The batch will be considered acceptable when the solid concentration is
from 0.1 to 0.4ml for Fluorescent particles and from 1.2 to 2.4ml for non-fluorescent
particles.
v. The above test shall be performed on a daily basic {if Aerosols are not used} and recorded
on the Magnetic ink test log.
Non-fluorescent wet magnetic particles suspended in a suitable liquid medium in the

concentration recommended in SE-709 Standard Recommended Practice for Magnetic
Particle Examination shall be used.
Premixed paste form, powder form or pressurized can type of wet magnetic particles may be
used.
The mixing and concentration of wet magnetic particles shall follow the manufacturer’s
recommendation except those premixed and in pressurized can. See above.
Before a new batch of water based ink is used the following Break test shall take place to
ensure proper wetting.
i. Prepare a coupon of material similar to that to be tested and apply a thin layer of contrast
lacquer.
ii. Apply sample of newly mixed ink to the coupon.
iii. The ink should flow evenly over the surface. If the ink collects in globules on the surface
then it shall be rejected.
iv. These results shall also be logged on the Magnetic ink test log. .{ See Exhibit 1/2 }
In order to improve contrast a thin layer of a proprietary brand of rapid drying high opacity
white contrast lacquer is applied. The lacquer must adhere firmly to the test surface and not be
soluble in the detection medium.
The make, type and method of application of the paint shall be recorded on the Magnetic Ink
test log.{ See Exhibit 1/2 }
Wet magnetic particles may be applied by spraying or flowing over the areas to be inspected
during magnetization and the surface of the part shall not exceed 50C.
c. Fluorescent Particles
The examination is performed by using an ultraviolet light (Black Light). The examination
shall be performed as follows:
i. It shall be performed in dark area.
ii. The examiner shall be in the dark area for at least 5 minutes prior to performing the
examination to enable his eyes to adapt to dark viewing.
iii. Black light shall be allowed to warm up for a minimum of 5 minutes prior to use or
measurement of the intensity of the ultraviolet light emitted.
iv. Black light intensity shall be measured with a black light meter with a minimum of 800
uW/cm2 on the surface of the part being examined. The black light intensity shall be
measured at least once every 8 hours and whenever the workstation is changed.

8.1.7. Evaluation
a. Discontinuities on the surface are indicated by retention of the magnetic particles.

Areas of false indications due to surface irregularities shall be re-tested after
removing the irregularities. Broad areas of particle accumulations, which might
mask indications from discontinuities, shall be cleaned and re-tested.
b. Any doubtful or questionable indications shall be re-examined.
8.1.8. Acceptance/ Rejection Criteria.
Acceptance/Rejection criteria shall be in accordance with AWS D.1.1.2000 or ASME V111 Div .
1 whichever is applicable for the work under inspection.
8.1.9. Post cleaning and de-Magnetization.
Post cleaning and de-magnetization are required when residual magnetic fields will affect the
subsequent process to be carried out on the parts.
8.1.10. Special Requirements
Nil.
8.1.11. Records.
a. All MPI shall be reported in a standard format {Exhibit 1} accompanied by sketch

of the part being tested and location of indication. These procedures shall be kept
by the QA/QC Manager and shall be made available to the respective personnel.
b. The CONTRACTOR’S Magnetic Particle Inspection Report shall contain as a

minimum, the information shown in {Appendix 1} Example of Magnetic Particle
Inspection Report.
8.2 Dye Penetrant Inspection { DPI}
This procedure provides the minimum standards required for dye penetrant inspection to detect the
surface breaking defects in parent materials and welds.
Dye Penetrant inspection of welds will be carried out in accordance with the following, structural
steel: AWS D1.1-2000, Section 6, Part D. Pipework: ASME V, Article 7.
8.2.1. Description of Method

The Liquid Penetrant Testing Method in an effective means for detecting discontinuities
which are open to the surface of nonporous metals and other materials. Typical
discontinuities detectable by this method are cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts,
laminations and porosity.
In principle a liquid penetrant is applied to the surface to be examined and allowed to

enter discontinuities. All excess penetrant is removed, the part is dried, and a developer
is applied to absorb penetrant that has been trapped in the discontinuities and has a
contrasting background that enhances the visibility of penetrant indications. The dyes in
penetrant are colour contrast (visible under white light).
8.2.2. Techniques
Either a color contrast penetrant technique or a fluorescent penetrant technique shall be

used, The following types of penetrant systems shall be used :
a. Water washable
b. Post-emulsifying
c. Solvent removable.
8.2.3. Surface Condition
All surfaces within one (1) inch of area to be examined shall be clean, dry and free from
irregularities which could mask indications of unacceptable discontinuities. In general,
welded, cast, forged and rolled surfaces are considered satisfactory, unless surface
dressing is required to remove surface irregularities by grinding. Blasting surface before
Liquid Penetrant Inspection shall be prohibited.
8.2.4. Pre-Cleaning
Cleaning prior to Penetrant Testing shall be done with Solvent Pre-cleaner / Remover (e.g.
Magnaflux SKL – NF/ZC.7 or equivalent).
Drying of the pre-cleaned surface shall be accomplished by normal evaporation or blast of

dry air. Allow at least 5 min for complete evaporation.
The temperature of the surface being tested shall be within 60F(16C to 125F (52C)
throughout the examination period.
8.2.5. Penetrant Application and Removal
Dye Penetrant (e.g. Magnaflux SKL-LO or equivalent) shall be applied by dipping, brushing
or spraying to the surface being examined. The entire area shall be maintained wet with Dye
Penetrant for a minimum of 10 minutes dwell time (or as per manufactures recommendation)
After prescribed holding time the excess penetrant shall be removed by using clean and
dry cloth. Repeat the operation until much traces of penetrant are removed. Lightly
moisten a clean cloth with solvent and wipe the surface until all remaining traces of excess
penetrant are removed. Direct spraying of solvent following the application of the
penetrant and prior to developing is prohibited.
Drying of the surface after wipe-off excess penetrant shall be by normal evaporation.
8.2.6. Developer Application and Examination
a. Prior to application of suspension type wet developer to the surface, the developer
must be thoroughly agitated to ensure adequate dispersion of suspended particles.
b. As soon as the part is dry, apply developer (e.g.) Magnaflux SKL-NF or equivalent)
to the surface by spraying as manufacture’s recommendations.
c. Insufficient coating thickness may not draw the penetrant out of discontinuities,
conversely, excessive coating thickness may mask indications.
d. Final inspection should not be sooner than seven (7) minutes after the developer is
dry (i.e. solvent have evaporated). If bleed out does not alter the inspection results,
development period of over thirty (30) minutes is permitted.
e. Examine the item after the applicable development time to assure proper bleed out
of Penetrant from discontinuities onto the developed coating. It is a good practice to
observe the surface while applying the developer as an aid to evaluate indications.
8.2.7. Interpretation and Evaluation
a. Interpretation shall be made at intervals during the “bleed out” process {approx
20mins} so that the indication may be viewed before excessive diffusion occurs.
b. Indication can be examined in either natural or artificial white light. Adequate

illumination is required to ensure no loss of sensitivity in the examination.
c. All indications shall be investigated to the extent that the examiner can evaluate
such indications in term of the Liquid Penetrant acceptance criteria.
8.2.8. Post Cleaning
a. Post cleaning is necessary in cases where residual penetrant or developer could

interface with subsequent processing or promote corrosion.
b. Post clean shall be by solvent cleaning. Flooding and wiping until and signs of
penetrant and developers have been removed shall be required.
8.2.9. Lighting

Bright daylight conditions shall be considered adequate. In other conditions artificial
lighting shall be used, i.e. using a 100-watt tungsten bulb at a distance of
approximately 300mm or by using a 60-watt fluorescent tube at a distance of
approx. 1m.
8.2.9. Acceptance Criteria:
Acceptance Criteria shall be in accordance with the following:
Structural : AWS D.1.1 (2000) Section 6
Process piping : ASME B31.3 Chapter V
8.2.10. Special Requirements.
When using penetrant inspection materials on austenitic stainless steels, titanium, or nickel-
based alloys, the need to restrict the chloride/fluorine ion content should be considered.
Under no circumstances use Developers with Penetrants from different manufactures. All
penetrants and developers from different manufactures shall be stored separately.
8.2.11. Records.
a. The QA/AC Manager shall be responsible for this procedure and shall be made available to
the respective personnel.
b. The CONTRACTOR’S Dye Penetrant Inspection Report shall contain, as a minimum, the
information as shown in (Exhibit 2): Example of Dye Penetrant Inspection Report.
8.3. RadiographicTesting { RT}
Radiographic testing will be carried out in accordance with the following requirements. Welds on
structural steel: AWS D.1-2000, Section 6, Part E. Welds on pipework: ASME Section V. Article
2.
The following procedure describes the radiographic equipment techniques that will be used to
inspect the quality of welded structural joints. It also defines the method of interpretation and
evaluation of film images and to ensure that the results of the tests conform to the requirements of
the applicable standards and specifications.
8.3.1. Radiation Safety
a. Type of equipment and the methods of usage, storage and transportation of radioactive
and radiation emitting apparatus, including radiation dosage monitoring devices,

must comply with local laws { TCVN 4397-87 }. RT personnel involved in such
operations must be certified competent by regulatory body.
b. The radiation area must have temporary barriers and posted with proper/conspicuous
warning signs bearing the international radiation trefoil symbol (“ Radiation Area”
or “High Radiation Area” – Keep Out) both in English and Vietnamese. Barriers
and warning signs must be properly illuminated during non-daylight radiography
operation.
Additionally, the vicinity immediately outside the radiation area must be manned
to ward –off potential intruders.
c. All radiography operations shall be performed by minimum of two (2) competent

(as Defined by local licensing board for radiation workers) personnel.
d. Contractor shall develop, for approval, radiation safety emergency Procedure{ See
Appendix 5 } to be implemented in the event of accidental/ emergency radiation
exposure situation. The procedure shall include, as a minimum, recovery
procedures for radioactive sources, emergency notification procedure and 24 –
hour emergency contact person (Radiation Protection Supervisor).
8.3.2. Radiation Equipment
a. Radiation equipment and accessories to be used must be capable of producing the

required sensitivity, definition and contrast as specified by the code and relevant to
the applicable specifications.
b. Radiographers shall have the necessary equipment, tools and consumables to perform
the radiographic inspection including applicable codes and standards.
c. Radiographic equipment should be inspected by to their suitability and intended

purpose to ensure their safe working conditions.
8.3.3. Radioactive Source
a. Radiation source should be X-ray or Gamma ray. Radioisotopes such as Ir. 192 and
Co 60 may be used as radiation source.
b. All Gamma ray sources shall be of the remote wind-out type. The source strength for
Iridium 192 shall be between 12 and 25 curies.
c. In the event that the source strength is greater than 25 curies due to the material
thickness, the activity shall be agreed upon between Customer and the Contractor
provided the Contractor ensures all
Radiographic safety precautions are carried out during the test.
d. The recommended minimum thicknesses of material for various radioactive isotopes

are as follows:
Minimum Thickness (in)
Material Iridium 192 Cobalt 60

Steel 0.375 1.5
Copper/ High Nickel 0.65 1.3
Aluminum 2.5
e. The minimum recommended thickness may be reduced when the radiographic

technique
Demonstrates that the required radiographic sensitivity has been obtained. The
maximum thickness of material for gamma ray shall not exceed 35 mm for single
exposure
f. X-ray machines should be rated at least 170 KV-3MA for internal single 360
exposure and a minimum of 200 KV-3MA for external exposure. The electrical
focal spot size should not exceed 5mm.
8.3.4. Radiographic Films
a. A double coated industrial film having low-speed, very fine grain, very high
contrast (ASTM FILM TYPE 1) or medium speed, fine grain, high contrast (ASTM
TYPE 2) suitable for use with lead or fluorometallic intensifying screens shall be
used.
b. All unexposed films shall be stored in a clean dry store where they will not be
subjected to chemical vaporous, funnies, radiation, light, excessive heat, humidity
and undue pressure.
c. Films shall be checked for fog density and shall be between {and including}2.0 to
3.0 H&D on the weld.
d. For radiography of Cu-Ni and SS welds, Type 1 films shall be used regardless of
thickness.
8.3.5. Intensifying Screens
a. Lead intensifying screens of 0.125mm thickness (front and back) shall be used.

b. Screens shall be free of dents, scratches, dirt and other materials, which may impair
the sensitivity of the film or induce false indication/ image on processed films
c. Screens shall be periodically checked and cleaned. Screens with dents and scratches
shall be replaced.
8.3.6. Cassettes
a. Cassettes must be sturdy, light proof and designed for loading and unloading of film
with minimum possibility of damage to film or lead screens. Cassettes support
devices must not produce images on film or create excessive pressure that could
result in film defects.
8.3.7. Scattered Radiation
a. To check for radiation backscatter, a ½” lead symbol ‘B’ of thickness 1/8” should be
attached to the back of the film cassette. If the ‘ B’ image appears on the radiograph,
radiation backscatter is considered excessive and thus, unacceptable. Whenever
backscattering is evident, a lead sheet or additional layer of intensifying screens
should be placed at the back of the film cassette during exposure to shield the film
from radiation backscatter.
8.3.8. Geometric Unsharpness
a. Geometric unsharpness (Ug) should be determined by:
Ug: Ft/D
Where:
F = Source Size
T = Source to object distance in inches
D = Object to the film distance in inches
b. Geometric unsharpness (Ug) shall not exceed the following:
Material Thickness Ug Maximum

Under 2” 0.02”
2”through 3” 0.03”
over 3” through 4” 0.04”
greater than 4” 0.07”
8.3.9. Radiographic Identification
a. Each radiograph must be properly identified for permanent correlation between the
part being radiographed and the film.

b. The minimum identification shall include the following:
i. Contract
ii. Component
iii. Weld or part number
iv. CONTRACTOR Name
v. Date of radiograph
vi. Welder Identification
c. The minimum separation between identification markers and weld edges shall be
6mm minimum.
8.3.10. Image Quality Indicator (IQI)
a. Type
DIN 54 109 (1962),ISO or equivalent wire type shall be used. The IQI material shall
be radiographically similar material to the object to be radiographed.
b. Placement of IQI.
i. Wire type IQI shall be placed on the source side with the thinnest wire
outward (but within) the end of the diagnostic film length.
ii. IQI shall be placed across or perpendicular to the weld axis. The IQI
identification markings must not obscure the area of interest.
iii. Where placement of IQI at source side is impractical, the IQI may be
placed on the film identification to signify film side penetrameter
placement.
In order to correlate the equivalent source side sensitivity of a radiograph

performed with penetrameter on the film side, a procedure radiograph shall
be performed from a specimen with the same thickness and RT technique
with penetrameter placed both on film and source side.
The specified sensitivity requirements are based on source side

penetrameter smallest visible wire.
c. Number of IQI
i. At least two (2) IQI shall be placed at each end of the diagnostic film
length. For diagnostic film less than 10”, one (1) IQI may be used.
ii. For double wall double image technique, one (1) IQI placed on the source
side shall be used.
iii. For radiographs made in a single exposure (panoramic), at least three (3)
IQI equally spaced around for circumference of the weld shall be used
8.3.11. Sensitivity
a. Radiographic sensitivity (percent) shall be calculated based on the thinnest visible

wire diameter of thinnest wire visible divided by material nominal wall thickness,
then multiply by 100.
b. The radiographic sensitivity shall be less than or equal to 2% calculated based on

single wall thickness. For double wall double image a sufficient sensitivity to
display the penetrameter image and the specified hole is required.
8.3.12. Procedure Qualification
a. A procedure qualification shall be performed for each radiographic technique before

commencement of RT work. The test radiographs shall be kept as a reference
radiograph to form the basis for comparison of film quality between the procedure
test and the production radiograph. The procedure demonstration must be witnessed
by Customer
b. The procedure test film must be evaluated for the following
i. Processing marks, scratches, dents, etc.
ii. Film identification
iii. Sensitivity
iv. Film density
c. If the evaluated test film does not meet the required criteria, the Contractor shall
perform another qualification test until acceptable radiograph(s) is produced.
8.3.13. Surface Preparation of Weld
a. Weld to be radiographed shall be visually checked for defects and irregularities.

Weld defects or weld surface irregularities shall be removed by suitable method to
such a degree that the resulting radiographic image will not mask or confuse the
interpretation of discontinuity.Welds shall not be tested until 48 hours after
completion of welding for high strength steel and a minimum of 24hours for low
strength steel.
b. Extension bars and run-on/off plates shall be removed prior to radiography.

8.3.14. Location of markers
a. Where accessibility precludes placement of Location makers which are to appear as

radiographic images on the film shall be placed on the part not (to be radiograph)
on the exposure holder {and their location shall be marked on the surface of the part
being radiographed to provided traceability
8.3.15. Density
a. The density on the area of interest shall be 2.0 minimum and 3.0 maximum for
radiograph both by X or gamma ray.
b. The densities measured within the diagnostic film length of the are of interest shall
not vary by more than 30%.
8.3.16. Processing of Films
Automatic or manual processing may be used. Films shall be processed in a manner to

ensure archival life of 5 years under normal storage conditions. Dilution or mixture of
chemicals shall be in accordance to manufacturer’s recommendation.
The acceptable methods of manual processing are as follows:
a. Preparation
Exposed films shall be unloaded for processing under a suitable darkroom with
filtered illumination. Processing chemicals should be free from contaminants that
will interfere with proper processing. Temperature of processing chemicals should
be 20-25C or as per manufacturer’s recommendation. Chemicals shall be stirred
to remove bubbles and to equalize the temperature across the processing tank. The
minimum separation of film holders or hangers should be 12.7mm minimum
b. Developing
Set the timer and immerse films into the developer tank with constant agitation for
15 seconds. Developing time shall be in accordance to the film manufacturer’s
recommendation. Normal developing time is 5 to 8 minutes at 20 C
c. Stop Bath/Rinse
After development is completed, the film shall be neutralized by an acid stop bath
or rinsed with vigorous agitation in clean running water to stop the activity of
developer

d. Fixing
Fixing shall be done for at least twice the clearing time but not more than 15
minutes in fresh fixer. Agitate the hangers vertically for about 10 seconds and
again at the end of the first minute to ensure rapid and uniform fixation
e. Fixer Neutralizing
The hypo eliminator or fixer neutralizer is used to reduce the time and amount of
water necessary for adequate washing.
f. Washing
Developed films shall be thoroughly washed for a minimum of 10 minutes in a

processing tank under constant flow of clean/ filtered water. The water temperature
should be approximately 20-25C. Films should be washed in batches without
contamination from new film brought over from the fixer.
g. Wetting Agent
Films should be immersed into a wetting agent solution for approximately 30

seconds to ensure that water will drain evenly off the film and to facilitate even
drying at film surfaces.
h. Drying
Films shall be dried using a suitable film drier with thermostat switch and cut-off
timer. Dying temperature must not exceed 55C. Manual drying in still air at
ambient temperature with air circulated by a fan may be used. Care should be
taken that films do not touch one another during drying.
8.3.17. Quality of Radiographs
All radiographs shall be free from mechanical, chemical or other blemishes to the
extent that they will not mask or be confused with the image of any discontinuity
in the are of interest. Such blemishes include:
a. Fogging
b. Processing defects such as streaks, water marks, or chemical stains
c. Scratches, finger marks, crimps, dirtiness, static marks, smudges, or tears
d. Loss of detail due to poor screen-to –film contact
e. False indications due to defective screens or internal faults

8.3.18. Acceptance Criteria
The acceptance criteria shall be in accordance with ANSI/ASME B31.3 (for piping)
and AWSD1.1( for structural).
8.3.19. Packing of Films
a. All sheet films shall be inserted in the paper sleeves and packed into their original
boxes after interpretation
b. All roll films (Rollpac) shall be rolled up properly and packed into suitable boxes
after interpretation.
c. Upon project completion, the film boxes shall be packed into fireproof container for
transportation and storage to location as maybe directed by Customer.
d. Suitable markings shall be provided on the boxes and cartons for easy retrieval
including proper documentation as required by Customer.
a. Prior to any radiography work, a permit shall be obtained from the Contractor’s safety
department.
b. The beacon light shall be functioning throughout the radiography work to warm
people from entering the are.
8.3.21. Records
a. All reports shall be prepared and completed by the interpreter and submitted together
with the radiographs for PTSC/Corall’s review within 24 hours after completion of
radiography.
b. All reports and films shall be compiled, filed and maintained in safe location or
temporary storage to avoid damages.
c. The Contractor shall submit radiographic records and reports in accordance with the
following:
i. Films shall be clearly identified in a manner approved by Customer so that the

radiograph and the weld can be immediately located.
ii. A summary of all items to be radiographed and the results of inspection shall be
furnished to PTSC/Corall on a daily basis.

iii. All items radiographed including those of rejected weld/ repairs and reshoots shall
be properly catalogued and filed to permit ready retrieval and identification during
and after construction.
iv. All processed radiographs shall be packaged and delivered to the Customer not later
than one month from the date of acceptance of the work by Customer.
v. Competed radiographic reports shall accompany all interpreted radiographs.
Note: The Contractor’s Radiographic Testing Report shall contain, as a

minimum, the information as shown in (Exhibit 3): Example of
Radiographic Testing Report.
Film Side Source Side

Unacceptable Acceptable
Source side
Acceptable
Film Side
Unacceptable
Flat Component or Longitudinal Seam Curved Components with radiation Source to Film
{ See sketch E for Alternative} Distance Less than Radius of Component
B{ A} { B} Either Side Location

Marker is Acceptable
Source Side
Acceptable
Film Side
I Source Side
Film Side Unacceptable
Acceptable
Unaccept
able
X M X Curved Components with Radiation Source to
Film Distance Greater than Radius of Curvature
Curved {Components
D} with
Radiation Source At
Source Side Marker Alternative.
Flat Component or Longitudinal Seam. Centre Curvature
X= { I/D}{M/2}
X: - Additional Required Coverage , in
BeyondPTSC/CORALL/042000/CPC3LQ99/NDT/SOP-
Film Side Location Marker. QS4.10_3 Page 20 of 90
I:- Component Thickness.
M:-Film side Location Marker Interval.
D:-Source to Component Distance..
8.4. Ultrasonic Testing { UT }
This procedure is used to define the ultrasonic techniques used to detect flaws in welded joints, to
evaluate the screen indications of these flaws and to ensure the welded joints conform to the
requirements of the contract specifications, and that the results of the examinations are correctly
documented.
Ultrasonic testing will be carried out in accordance with the following requirements. Welds on
structural steel: AWS D.1-2000, Section 6, Part F. Welds on pipework: ASME Section V. Article 5.
8.4.1. Equipment
a. Ultrasonic Set
i. All examination shall be conducted with an ultrasonic pulse-echo system

capable of excitation frequencies between ½ and 10 megahertz. The
instrument shall have facility for both single and dual transducer operation
with one element acting as transmitter and the second as receiver.

Information should be presented on an “A” scan cathode ray tube.
Instrumentation for field and yard usage.
ii. Minimum Sensitivity: Each instrument –transducer combination shall be

capable of producing a minimum ¾ CRT vertical scale deflection from an
echo received from the 4 in. (100mm) radius curved surface of the
International Institute of Welding calibration standard with a minimum of
40 dB amplification in reserve.
iii. Sweep Linearity: The system shall provide a horizontal sweep with
linearity within 1% of the full screen or CRT grid overlay range.
iv. Attenuator: The instrument should have a calibrated gain control

electrically accurate to within one dB over a range of not less than 69 dB.
Adjustments shall be possible in increments no larger than 2 dB /step.
v. Voltage Stabilization: System operated from line or external power sources

should be provided with voltage stabilization to maintain fluctuations
within plus or minus two volts for an external fluctuation from 90 to 130
volts.
vi. Transducers: Transducer elements shall oscillate at a frequency between

two and six megahertz (MHz) and be free of noise and internal reflections
which produce CRT deflections exceeding 5% of the vertical scale height at
the working sensitivity employed for weld examinations. The material of
piezo electric transducer shall be of synthetic ceramic. Each transducer
shall be clearly marked to identify frequency, plus sound incident angle and
index pint when applicable.
b. Ultrasonic Probe:
i. Straight Beam
At least one longitudinal or compressional wave transducer, 1/2 to 1 in.
(12.5mm to 25mm) in diameter of a nominal frequency of 2 through 2.25
megahertz.
ii. Angle Beam
A minimum of one each of nominal 45, 60 and 70 degree angle beam

transducers of a nominal frequency of 2 to 2.25 MHz. The oscillating
element should be approximately square of round in shape with
dimensions, which result in an included beam angle of approximately 15-
degree at 6dB less than the centreline maximum.
c. Calibration and Reference Blocks
i. The reference blocks used for equipment calibration shall be

One or more of the following:
a. I. I W VI Calibration Block ( A2 Block/ BS 2705\4)
b. I.I. W V2 Calibration Block ( Din 54 122 )
c. The Welding Institute U.K (I.O.W) Beam profile with BS 4331;

Part 3
d. Reference Block according to the specified code
d. Couplant
A suitable non-corrosive couplant of good acoustic impedance shall be used

between the search unit and the test material. Light machine oil may be used for
couplant on calibration blocks.
e. Equipment Performance Check
i. The ultrasonic instrument and search unit performance checks shall be

done in accordance with specified procedure at specific interval as specific
outline below.
ITEM TYPE OF CHECK INTERVAL
1 Horizontal linearity After each 40 hours

of instrument used
2 dB’ Linearity Weekly
3 Amplifier Linearity Weekly
4 Internal reflection from each Every 8 hours of use

search unit
5 Contact face of angle beam Every 8 hours of use

search unit
6 Sound exit point Every 8 hours of use
7 Angle Beam Every 8 hours of use
8 Resolution of the system Every change of

contact shoe
9 Ultrasonic Equipment Every 12 months

certification
10 Maximum Penetrating Power Weekly

ii. All equipment performance check results shall be documented and
submitted to PTSC-OS weekly as per Appendix II.
8.4.2. Standardization and Calibration
Ultrasonic testing units and probes shall be checked for the performance periodically. The
units shall be standardized and calibrated for functions as follows:
a. Probe index of shear wave probe
Angle
probe
i. Procedure
a. Place the probe on the block as shown above.

maximized the signal by moving the probe backward and forward,
parallel to the block sides.
b. When the signal is at maximum, the probe index will correspond to

the engraved line on the block, which marks the geometrical centre
of the quadrant.
c. The probe index measurement should be repeatable to within +/-

1mm. If the measured position differs from the existing mark by
more than 1mm, the new position should be marked on the probe
side shall be used in subsequent probe check and defect plotting.
ii. Tolerance
The probe index shall not differ by +/ -1.0mm.
C
iii. Frequency
E
of
D
Checking
This will depend on the rate of probe wear due to usage and to the
roughness of the testing surface. When a probe is in continuous use, daily
check or at leas every four hours is required.
F G
b. Beam angle of shear wave probe.
B A
H
i. Procedure
a. Place the probe on Position A to H (depending on angle of probe) as

above as to receive a reflected signal from the selected transverse
hole in the block.
b. Maximized the signal by moving the probe backward and forward.

When the signal is maximized the beam angle can be checked using
the probe index and engraved reference lines on the blocks
c. Marked the difference between the probe index and the block
engraved reference lines on the probe.]
ii. Tolerance
a. Accuracy of measured beam angle shall be +/ -1.5.
iii. Frequency of Checking
This will depend on the rate of probe wear due to usage and to the
roughness of the testing surface. When a probe is in continuous use, check
shall be carried out every four hours or daily before production test and the
new angle shall be used for all evaluations.
c. Time Base Linearity
C
100 mm
25Bmm

i. Procedure
a. Place the compressional wave probe on position A, B, or C of IIW

VI block. Adjust the time base so that the first and fifth backwall
echo indications coincide with particular graticule line on the CRT
screen.
b. Bring successive backwall echoes, in turn, to approximately the

same height (e.g. 80% full screen). The leading edge of each echo
should line up with the appropriate graticule line. Record any
deviations, measured at approximately half-full screen height, from
the ideal positions.
c. For range less than 25 mm, place the probe at B. For range greater
than25 mm, place the probe at A or C.
ii. Tolerance
Deviation of the base line linearity shall not exceed +/ - 2% of the

full time-base range, otherwise recalibration is required.
iii. Frequency of Calibration
Check shall be carried out at least once per week if the unit is used daily or
prior to production testing.
d. Equipment Gain Linearity.

B
A
Perspex
91 m 100 m
100 mm
50 mm
i. Procedure
a. To determine the linearity of calibrated gain control
1 Place the probe on position A.
2 Adjust the gain to set this signal to 80% of full screen height
and note the value of the calibrated control (dB). Adjust the
calibrated control to increase the gain by 2(dB). The signal
should increase to full screen height (100%). Restore the
gain to its original value and then reduce it by 6 dB. The
signal should fall to 40% of full screen height. Reduce the
gain by a further 12 dB. The signal should fall to 10% of full
screen height. Reduce the gain by 6dB. The signal should
fall to 5 % of full screen height.
b. To determine the screen height (amplifier) linearity
1 Place the probe on the position B.
2 Adjust the probe position to give a 2 to 1 ratio of amplitudes

between the first and second backwall signal with the first
signal set at 80% full screen height. Without moving the
probe, adjust the gain control to successively set the first
signal from 20% to 100% full screen height, in 10% or 2dB
increments. Read the amplitude of the second signal at each
setting. Record the amplitudes of both signals
ii. Tolerance
a. Linearity of gain control
Gain (dB) Expected Screen Height Limits
-2 100 Not less than 90%

0 80 -
-6 40 35% to 45%
-18 10 8% to 12%
-24 5 Must be visible above
base line.
b. Screen Height (amplifier) Linearity
The amplitude of first (larger) signal must be twice the amplitude of

the second (smaller) signal, within an accuracy of 5% full screen
height

Re-calibration is necessary at least once every month or when maintenance

service is carried out on the test equipment.
e. Probe- Equipment combined resolution
This is to check the ability of probe unit combined to discriminate between signals
from separate reflectors lying at only slightly different in ranges or near to surface
11w V1-BLOCK
91 mm 85 mm
A 0 Deg Probe
100 mm
B
E
D
IOW BEAM PROFILE BLOCK
i. Procedure
a. Compressional (0) Probe
1 Place the probe at Position A. Three signal from the 85 mm,

91mm and 100 mm surface should be clearly displayed.
2 Position B and C is to determine the near surface resolution

or the dead zone of the probe. If the reflection from the
Perspex disc at 10mm (C) and 5 mm (B) could not be
displayed, it should be noted as reflector within the region
would not be detected (dead zone).
b. Shear Wave (Angle) Probe

1 Place the probe on position D or E. The signal from the side
drilled hole should be distinguishable displayed
2 Near surface resolution can be determined by using block

with side drilled holes near to the surface.
ii. Tolerance
The signal amplitude of subsequent signals should be clearly separated as

indicated on the sketch below.
H/2 H/2
Full Resolution Partial Resolution
iii. Frequency of checking
The resolution check of probe–unit combined shall be carried out for new
probe, when beam index/angle has changed or at least once a month
f. Beam profile (vertical plane ) of shear wave probe
2 2 2 4 4 6 4 6 6

F
2 - Beam Angle. – Beam Spread Angle.
A
A B
B
E
D
C
F A – Hole Index
B – Probe Index.
C – Centre Line of Beam.
D – Trailing Edge of Beam.
A E – Leading Edge of Beam.
B F – Probe Movement.
i. Procedure
E a. The response from the 1.5 mm side drilled hole will be maximized
C D at the 12.5 mm depth and the amplitude will be adjusted to 100 %
screen height.
b. The distance between the hole index and the beam index will be
measured and recorded
c. The probe will moved forward (the amplitude will decrease) until
the response drops to 10% of the screen height.
d. The distance between the hole index and the beam index will be
measured and recorded.
e. The probe will be moved backward (the amplitude will increase)

until the response drops to 10% of the screen height.
f. The distance between the hole index and the beam index will be
measured and recorded.
g. The three distances recorded will be plotted on a full-size graph.
h. This procedure will be repeated utilizing the responses from the two
further reflectors at varying depths (as a minimum requirement) to
provide an accurate beam profile chart.
i. Draw a straight line through the centre line points and extend the
line to the search unit. This indicates the beam centre line point on
the search unit. The beam angle maybe read with a protractor as the
angle between the beam centreline and a perpendicular line to the
examination surface such as the search unit front line projection.
ii. The procedure will be repeated for each of the remaining probes.

a. The beam spread shall be plotted when:
1. New probes are used
2. When there is a change of probe index, beam angle and

probe worn out.
g. Distance Calibration of time base (Sweep Range)

B
300 mm
200 mm
perspex
100 mm 91mm
100 mm
100 mm 50 mm
75 mm
25 mm
50 mm
5 mm
PTSC/CORALL/042000/CPC3LQ99/NDT/SOP- QS4.10_3 11W , V2 BLOCKS Page 31 of 90

i. Longitudinal
IIW VI and V2 blocks or other suitable blocks can be used for calibration.
ii. Shear Waves (Angle) Probes
a. V1 or V2 blocks can be used for this calibration.
b. Place the angle probe on position A (VI-block) or position C (V2-

block) directing at 100mm quadrant (VI-block) and either the
25mm or 50mm quadrant (V2-block).
1 VI-Block
Set up multiple signal at 100mm intervals by reflections
between the quadrant and notches on the faces of the block.
2 V2-Block
Set up repeated signal at 25mm, 100mm, 175mm, etc., when
probe is directed on the 25mm quadrant and 50mm, 125mm,
200mm, etc., when probe is directed on the 50mm quadrant.
c. Maximizing of signals
1. VI-Block
Maximized the chosen signal. Then adjust the times-base

controls (e.g. by delay and range multiplier) so that the first
of the multiple signals (not the initial pulse) coincides with
the zero graticule mark, and a subsequent signal coincides
with an appropriate graticule mark at the right hand end of
the screen. E.g. if the signals are at 100mm, 200mm, 300mm
etc., the first signal would be set at zero mark or the third to
the ‘10’ mark if calibration is required over a total range of
200mm. When the correct spacing of signals has been
established, adjust the delay only so that the first of the
multiple signals are placed at the graticule mark which is to
correspond to its true range.
2. V2-Block
Maximized the signals from the 25mm quadrant or from the

50mm quadrant. Adjust the time-base control so that:
(i) 25mm quadrant - the 25mm signal coincides with the

25mm graticule mark and the second
signal (100mm) coincides with
100mm graticule mark.
(ii) 50mm quadrant -the 50mm signal coincides with the
50mm graticule mark and the second
signal (125mm) coincides with
125mm graticule mark.
Step (1) can be similarly applied for this calibration.

iii. Tolerance
Accurate calibration of the time-base of + / -2 % or better of the maximum

range displayed is required.
iv. Frequency of Calibration
This calibration shall be verified:
a. at the start of a series of testing
b. with any substitution of probe / cable
c. with any substitution of power source
d. at least every 4 hours during testing
e. at finish of testing
f. at any time, when in the opinion of the UT operator, there is doubt as to

the validity of calibration.
h. Distance amplitude correction curve and sensitivity setting (ASME).
DAC curve is the primary reference curve for equipment sensitivity setting in
ultrasonic testing which compensate for the loss of sound energy from traversing in
material being tested due to beam spread and attenuation. The construction of the
reference block is as per ASME V Article 5. See Figure II: Basis Calibration
Block.
i. Construction of Distance Amplitude Correction (DAC) curve as per

ASME Section V Article 4.
a. Position the probe for maximum response from the hole which
gives the highest amplitude.
b. Adjust the gain control to provide an 80% (+/ - 5% of full screen

height) of full screen indication from the hole, mark the peak of the
indication on the screen.

c. Position the probe for maximum response from another hole
indication.
d. Mark the peak of indication on the screen.
e. Position the probe for maximum amplitude from the third hole
indication and mark on the peak on the screen.
f. Position the probe for maximum amplitude from the ¾T hole

indication after the beam has bounced from the opposite surface.
Mark the peak on the screen for the 5/4T position.
g. Connect the screen marks for the side-drilled hole to provide the
DAC curve.
10 -
8-
6- DAC
4-
2 6
Reflectors moved Reflectors moved

into beam into beam
In-line holes and In-line holes and
notches notches
will be used for will be used for
angle beam angle beam
calibration calibration
Sensitivity
iii. Calibration correction for planer reflectors perpendicular to the

examination surface at or near the opposite surface.
a. The 45 angle shear wave reflects well from a corner reflector.
However, mode conversion and redirection of reflection occurs to
part of the beam when a 60 angle beam shear wave hits the same
reflector. This problem also exists to a lesser degree throughout the
50 to 70 angle beam shear wave range. This correction is required
in order to be equally critical for such an imperfection regardless of
the examination beam angle.
b. Position the probe for maximum amplitude from the square notch
on the opposite surface. Mark ‘X’ at the peak of the indication on
the screen.
c. The opposite surface square notch may give an indication 2 to 1
above DAC at 45 and ½ DAC at 60. Therefore the indication
from the square notch must be considered when evaluating
reflectors at the opposite surface.
2 4 6 8 10 2 4 6 8 10
Reflectors
moved into beam
iii. Frequency of checking
a. The DAC curve shall be re-constructed if a point on the DAC has

decreased or increased 20% or 2Db of its amplitude.
b. Check of DAC curve shall be carried out at the beginning and end
of testing or every four hours. If any deviation as stated in (iii a) is
experienced, component tested earlier shall be re-examined with the
corrected DAC.
iv. Deviation

A DAC is not required where the examination is limited to one-half vee
path (1/2 skip) in a material less than 1” thick in which case the amplitude
level of a single calibration reflector shall be used.
I. Transfer Correction
There is a difference in instrument sensitivity between the reference block and test
component due to test surface roughness, contact area, component temperature and
acoustical attenuation characteristic. A correction in instrument sensitivity is
required to compensate for these differences and is describe below:
Screen display
(Transmitter) Receiver Receiver
Fixed (position 1) (position 2)
75%
50%
25%
1 skip 1 2 3 4
2 skip
i. Use two angle beam probes of the same type. One acting as transmitter and
the other as receiver.
ii. Placed the probes in-tandem on the reference block at one skip distance and
maximize the signal to 75%. Note down the gain (dB).
iii. Mark on the screen or on a graphical paper the peak of the maximized
signal.
iv. Reposition the probes to achieve peak signal at two-skip distance. Repeat
step (iii.) and joint the two points to obtain line R.
v. On the surface of test component, carry out step (ii) and at the same dB
gain. Increase or decrease the signal where the peak is on line R and note
down the gain (dB) difference.

vi. The difference in dB gain of the instrument in step (ii) and (v) is the
transfer correction and has to be added or subtracted during sizing of
defects.
8.4.3. Surface Preparation
a. The surface from which scanning is to be achieved should be cleaned to removed

all scale or coating (e.g., by girt blasting or power brushing) to assure continuous
during the examination. Uniform thin film coatings must be accommodated by use
of transfer corrections. Where local conditions of roughness or weld-spatter exist, it
is recommended that the local areas shall be ground smooth.
b. Regardless of the quality of the surface finish, it is recommended that transfer

corrections be utilized in all cases.
8.4.4. Selection of Angle Probe
a. Angle probe of frequency 2 MH z to 6 MHz are to be used.
b. The choice of angle probes for scanning different material thickness are as follows:
12mm and below -70

Above 12mm to 25mm -60 and 70
Above 25mm -45 and 60, supplemented
By 70 for specific zone like weld fusion zone and
root
However, the probe which give the best response should be used which is
dependent of weld and welding parameters.
8.4.5. Scanning Patterns
Refer to Figure I :UT Scanning Pattern
a. Longitudinal Discontinuities
i. Scanning Movement A. Rotation angle a = 10
ii. Scanning Movement B. Scanning distance b shall be such that the section
of weld being tested is covered.
iii. Scanning Movement C. Progression distance c shall be approximately one-

half the transducer width.
Note :Movement A, B and C are combined into one scanning pattern.

b. Transverse Discontinuities
i. Scanning pattern D is to be used when welds are ground flush
ii. Scanning pattern E is to be used when the weld reinforcement is not ground
flush. Scanning angle e=15max.
Note :The scanning pattern is to be such that the full weld section is covered.
8.4.6. Scanning and Defect Evaluation
a. A critical root scan at stand-off distance of ½ skip from near root penetration face
shall be carried out on all full penetration constant configuration joints. Probe of
70 nominal angle is recommended for critical root scanning for all thickness. Take
note for tubular, 70 beam may not reach the bore and other appropriate angles
shall be used.
b. When practicable, scanning shall be performed at a minimum gain setting of two

times (i.e. +6Db) the primary reference level at scanning speed not to exceed 6
inches per second. Preferably to adjust the gain control until 2mm grass signals
from opposite face are observed.
c. Probe movement, during scanning shall be a combination of rotational, orbital,

lateral and traversing actions and with a minimum overlapping of 50% the probe
dimension.
d. The cross-section of defect shall be sized with maximum amplitude technique and
the length of defects shall be determined by 6Db (1:2) drop technique.
The height, shape and orientation of the flaw will be determine using the –20 dB
drop system.
e. Reporting of defective areas shall be referred to a datum and the defective area are
physically marked adjacent to the defective weld.
f. Discontinuities shall be classified as linear, planar or spherical.
g. A spherical discontinuity is one in which its length is three times its width or less
and may be round or irregular.
h. When two or more linear or planar discontinuities are not separated by at least the
length of the longer discontinuity up to the standard sensitivity level, the
continuities shall be considered a single linear or planar discontinuity.
8.4.7. Acceptance Criteria

All welds, which are examined by ultrasonic testing, shall be judged in accordance with
ASW D1.1 Par 10.17.14.1 Class R or ASME VIII.
No ultrasonic testing on mild steel (Y.S. less than 40 ksi) should be carried out less than 24
hours after welding has been completed. /for higher strength steel the time delay should be
minimum of 48 hours.
a. Customer has the right to verify the joint conducted by the Contractor’s UT Operator.
b. The use of corner reflector for distance calibration is not acceptable.
8.4.9. Records
a. All rejectable and acceptable discontinuities having more than half (6 dB) the amplitude at
standard sensitivity level shall be reported in the Ultrasonic Examination Report.
b. Areas for which complete inspection was not practicable shall also be noted along with the
justification.
c. All root discontinuities whose amplitudes exceed the disregard level shall be reported accept
or reject by the Ultrasonic Operator indicating the depth, length and width or height.
d. Each rejectable discontinuity shall be indicated on the weld by marking directly over the
discontinuity for its entire length. The depth from the test surface shall be noted on base
metal.
e. Welds found unacceptable shall be repaired and retested by the same ultrasonic testing
technique with results tabulated on additional report forms with R1 or R2 prefixed in the
same report number.
f. The Contractor’s Ultrasonic Testing Report shall contain, as a minimum, the information as
shown in (Exhibit 4) : Example of Ultrasonic Report).
WELD AXIS
Pattern D
E E
A
A PATTERN E
C
B
MOVEMENT
PTSC/CORALL/042000/CPC3LQ99/NDT/SOP-
A QS4.10_3 C Page 39 of 90
MOVEMENT C
Movement B
BASIC CALIBRATION BLOCK
3 T min
T/2
T/4
T/2
2” 3T/4
T/2
T/2
6”min
Weld thickness (t) Basic Calibration Hole Notch Size :

Block thickness (T) Diameter
1” or less ¾” or t 3/32” Width – 1/8” to ¼”

Over 1” through 2” 1 –1/2” or t 1/8”
Over 2” through 4” 3” or t 3/16” Depth = 2% T
Over 4” through 6” 5” or t ¼”
Over 6” through 8” 7” or t 5/16” Length = 2” min.
Over 8” through 10” 9” or t 3/8”
Over 10” through (See Note (1)
GENERAL NOTES:
a) Holes shall be drilled and reamed a minimum of 1 – ½” deep essentially parallel to the examination
surface.

9.0 LIST OF EXHIBITS AND APPENDICES
Page
Exhibit 1 Magnetic Particle Inspection Report. 42
Exhibit 1/1 Yoke Test Report. 43
Exhibit 1/2 Magnetic Ink Test Log 44
Exhibit 2 Dye Penetrant Inspection Report. 45
Exhibit 3 Radiographic Testing Report. 46
Exhibit 4. Ultrasonic {Tubular}Inspection Report 47
Exhibit 4/1. Ultrasonic Inspection Report 48
Appendix 1 Magnetic Particle Inspection Techniques. 49
Appendix 2 Radiographic Testing Techniques. 62
Appendix 3 Ultrasonic Inspection Techniques. 63
Appendix 4 Radiation Safety Procedure. 74

EXHIBIT 1. REPORT OF MAGNETIC PARTICLE TESTING OF WELDS.
Project
Quality Requirement - Section No.
Report To Report No: Date :
Customer
Total Accepted Total Rejected
Date Weld Area Examined Interpretation Repair Length

Identification
Entire Specific Accept Reject Accept Reject
Surface Preparation:
EQUIPMENT
Model: S. No:
Method of inspection
 Dry Wet Visible Fluorescent
Ink Manufacturer and Contrast Manufacturer
Batch No: and Batch No:
Residual Continuous True-Continuous
AC DC Half- Wave
Prods Yoke Cable Wrap Other________
Direction for Field Circular Longitudinal
POST EXAMINATION
Demagnetizing Technique (if required):
Cleaning (if required): Marking Method:
We, the undersigned, certify that the statements in this record are correct and that the welds were
prepared and tested in accordance with the requirements of the American Welding Society ANSI/AWS
D1.1, (____________) structural welding Code-Steel, year

PTSC-OS DNV CLIENT
Name Name Name
Date Date Date
Signature Signature Signature
EXHIBIT 1/1.YOKE TEST REPORT

Project
Customer
EQUIPMENT
Model: S. No:
Electric Permanent
Lifting Weight Type
Date Time Duration Date Time Duration

PTSC-OS DNV CLIENT
Name Name Name
Date Date Date
EXHIBIT 1/2.INK TEST REPORT

Project
Customer
EQUIPMENT
Carrier :
Fluorescent Black
Date Time Settlement Reading Date Time Settlement Reading

Time ml Time ml

PTSC-OS DNV CLIENT
Name Name Name
Date Date Date
EXHIBIT 2. REPORT OF DYE PENETRANT TESTING OF WELDS.

Project
Customer
Total Accepted Total Rejected
Date Weld Area Examined Interpretation Repair Remarks

Identification
Entire Specific Accept Reject Accept Reject
Surface Preparation:
EQUIPMENT
Manufacturer. Penetrant Batch No:
Developer Batch No:
Cleaner Batch No:
Method of inspection
Visible Fluorescent

POST EXAMINATION
Cleaning (if required): Marking Method:
We, the undersigned, certify that the statements in this record are correct and that the welds were
prepared and tested in accordance with the requirements of the American Welding Society ANSI/AWS
D1.1, (____________) structural welding
Code-Steel, year . See attached report for sketch.
PTSC-OS DNV CLIENT

Name Name Name
Date Date Date
Exhibit 3
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION REPORT No.
REQUEST No.
:
:
REPORT DATE :
PROJECT : WELDER QUALIFICATION TEST SHEET OF
CLIENT : PROCEDURE No. :
CODE :
WELDING :
PROCESS
MATERIAL : TYPE OF JOINT : THICKNESS : DWG No. :
X-RAY GAMMA RAY
EQUIPMENT
TYPE : kV MA TYPE :
TEST VOLTAGE : kV MA SOURCE SIZE :
FOCAL SPOT SIZE : mm x mm EXPOSURE TIME :
EXPOSURE TIME : FFD : ACTIVITY :
FILM : KODAK AA 400 IQI : ASTM 1B 03 WIRE TYPE
FILM SIDE : 10x40CM LOCATION SOURCE SIDE FILM SIDE
TECHNIQUE
TECHNIQUE – SWSI/DWSI/DWDI DEVELOPMENT MANUAL AUTOMATIC

SCREEN TYPE TECHNIQUE SWSI DWSI
DENSITY REQUIRED : DWDI PANORAMIC
SENSITIVITY REQUIRED :
MIN. JUDGEMENT DEFECT
WELD FILM FILM VISIBLE DATE OF
IDENTIFICATION LOCATION DENSITY WIRE SHOOTING LOCATION REMARKS
A R RS TYPE SIZE (mm)
(mm) (mm)

(NUMBER OF FILMS : )
ABBREVIATION : A-ACCEPTABLE R-REPAIR RS-RESHOOT IP-INCOMPLETE PENETRANT

P-POROSITY S-SLAG INCLUSION LF-LACK OF FUSION CV-CONCAVITY
C-CRACK UC-UNDERCUT TI-TUNGSTEN INCLUSION BT-BURN THROUGH
FD-FILM DEFECT WD-TO CUT OR REWELD
PTSC-OS DNV CLIENT

Name Name Name
Date Date Date
Exhibit4 ULTRASONIC INSPECTION

REPORT { Tubulars}
Customer: Inspection Report
No :
Project: Work oder:
Location: Reference:
Job No: Date :
Weld material : Structure :
Diameter : Thickness : Class :
UT Procedure: Techniques :
UT Instrument : Acceptance Criteria :
Search Unit No: Angle: Frequency: Size:
Angle: Frequency: Size:
Angle: Frequency: Size:
Calibration Blocks : Reference Blocks :
Surface preparation : Couplant :
Reference sensitivity : Transfer loss :
RESULTS
Weld Weld Amplitude Length Height Distance from Comments Notes

No. Defects Level ( dB) ( mm) ( mm) 12:00 o’clock
( No.) (cm)

PTSC-OS DNV CLIENT
Name Name Name
Date Date Date
REPORT No. :
ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION DATE TEST. :
EXHIBIT 4
REPORT REQUEST No.:
ITEM :
PROJECT : PAGE 1 OF
CLIENT : PROCEDURE No. :
CODE : WELDING PROCESS :
EQUIP.(MODEL & S/N) : PANAMETRIC EPOCH III CALIBRATION BLOCK (MODEL & S/N) : IIW V1, V2
COUPLANT  Grease  CMC  OIL SURFACE CONDITION  As Ground  As Welded
TECHNIQUE  Contact  Immerse  Straight Beam  Angle Beam
Type Angle Frequency Size
MB4F 00 4MHZ 10
TRANSDUCER
MWB70-4 700 4MHZ 8x9
0
MWB60-4 60 4MHZ 8x9
DWG No. : Material : Carbon Steel Thickness :
EXAMINATION RESULT
Decibels (dB) Discontinuity Judgement
Angular Distance
Attenuation Level
Indication Rating
Reference Level
Indication Level
Depth from “A" surface

Weld Identification
Indication Number
Distance (mm)
Length (mm)
Position
Accetable
Remarks
Reject
(sound path)
From Y
From X
a b c d

PTSC-APAVE CORALL DNV
Name Name Name
Date Date Date
APPENDIX 1
10. MPI Techniques
The following are the techniques in conducting MPI:
10.1. COMPONENT : Fillet welds
TECHNIQUE : Continuous magnetization colour contrast wet method
MATERIAL : Carbon Steel
MAGNETIC : Electro magnetic Yoke Magnaflux’s model Y-6

SOURCE
CURRENT : AC or DC FLUX INDICATORS: Burmah

Castrol Type 1
POLE SPACING : Approximately 6”
BACKGROUND : Cleaned, spray with white contrast paint

FLUX
MAGNETIC : INDICATOR
Ardox’s 800/3 or equivalent
PARTICLES
FLUX
CODE : Acceptance Criteria
Electric as per ASW D1.1 and
INDICATOR
SPECIFICATION : Cable
ASME VIII
WELD
Second Magnetization {Side

View}
Inspection Sequence
a. Remove slag weld spatters and other debris from weld surface.
b. Spray white paint on test surface (weld). Wait until it dries
c. Place the magnetic York across the weld with poles spacing approximately 6”.
d. Apply the magnetic ink between the poles and magnetized the weld while the ink is
flowing away from the surface, visually inspect for indication.
e. Reposition the magnetic Yoke so that the magnetic field is perpendicular t that of step (iv)
above. Repeat step (ii) and (iv) above.
f. If indication is observed, determined whether the indication is caused by discontinuity or

false/irrelevant indication. This can be done by removing the indication by light grinding,
visually examine the surface and re-MPI.
g. If indication still appear after grinding approved repair procedure shall be followed.
h. Inspection shall be carried out with sufficient lighting.
i. During a subsequent magnetization an overlap of at least one inch over the previous step is
necessary to ensure complete coverage.
10.2. COMPONENT : Fillet welds
TECHNIQUE : Continuous magnetization, dry method

MAGNETIC
SOURCE : Electro magnetic Yoke Magnaflux’s model Y-6
CURRENT : AC or DC FLUX INDICATORS : Burmah

Castrol Type I
BACKGROUND : Cleaned, as welded
MAGNETIC
PARTICLES : Magnaflux’s Red (No.8A) or Black dry powder
CODE/ : Acceptance Criteria as per AWS D1.1 and

SPECIFICATION ASME VIII
FLUX
INDICATOR
FLUX
Electric INDICATOR
Cable
WELD
PLATE PLATE
Second Magnetization {Side

View}
Inspection Sequence:
a. Remove slag, weld spatters and other debris from weld surface.
b. Magnetize the weld with Yoke at poles spacing approximately 6” apart.
c. Apply dry powder onto the magnetize surface with plastic powder container or blower so
that the powder reach the surface as fluffy dust. Remove excess powder by blowing.
d. Visually inspect for magnetic indication. Steps (iii) and (iv) above to be carried out while
the magnetizing current is ‘ON’.

e. Reposition the magnetic Yoke so that the magnetic field perpendicular to that of step (iv)
above. Repeat step (iii) and (iv) above.
f. If indication is observed, determined whether the indication is caused by discontinuity or

false/irrelevant indication. Removing the indication can do this by light grinding, visually
examine the surface and re-MPI. If indication still appears after grinding, an approved
repair procedure shall be followed.
g. Inspection shall be carried out with sufficient lighting.
h. During a subsequent magnetization an overlap of at least one inch over the previous step is
10.3. COMPONENT: Butt welds, lap joints or in flat position
TECHNIQUE : Continuos magnetization, colour contrast wet

Method
MAGNETIC : Electro magnetic Yoke, Magnaflux’s model

SOURCE
CURRENT : AC or DC FLUX INDICATOR: Burmah

Castrol Type 1
BACKGROUND : Cleaned, spray with white contrast paint
MAGNETIC : Ardox’s 8000/3 or equivalent

PARTICLES
LEAD
CODE/ : Acceptance Criteria as per AWS D1:1 AND

SPECIFICATION ASME VIII
A A’ A A’
Yoke
WELD
Gouged
Area
A’
A A’ A
Flux
PTSC/CORALL/042000/CPC3LQ99/NDT/SOP-
indicator QS4.10_3 Page 52 of 90
Overlapping of Yoke on sub-sequent Magnetization required

Inspection Sequence
b. Spray white paint on test surface (weld). Wait till it dries.
c. Place the magnetic Yoke across the weld with poles spacing approximately 6”.
d. Apply the magnetic ink between the poles and magnetize the weld while the ink is
flowing away from the surface, visually inspection for indication.
e. Reposition the magnetic York so that the magnetic field is perpendicular to that of step
(iv) above, i.e. at A-A and A’ –A’.
f. If indication is observed, determined whether the indication is caused by discontinuity

or false/irrelevant indication. This can be done by removing the indication, visually
examine the surface and re-MPI.
g. Indications can be removed by light grinding. If indication still appear after grinding,
approved repair procedure are shall be followed.
i. During a subsequent magnetization an overlap of at least one inch over the previous
step is necessary to ensure complete coverage.
10.4 COMPONENT : Butt welds lap joints or in flat position
TECHNIQUE : Continuos magnetization, dry method

MAGNETIC : Electro magnetic Yoke Magnaflux’s model Y-6

SOURCE
CURRENT :AC or DC FLUX INDICATORS : Burnah

Castrol Type 1
BACKGROUND : Cleaned, as welded
MAGNETIC : Magnaflux’s red (No.8A) ir Black dry powder

PARTICLES (No.3A)
CODE : Acceptance Criteria as per ASW D1.1 and

SPECIFICATION: ASME VIII
LEAD
A A’ A A’
Yoke
WELD
Gouged
Area
A’
A A’ A
Flux
indicator
Overlapping of Yoke on sub-sequent Magnetization

required
Inspection Sequence
b. Place the magnetic Yoke across the weld with poles spacing approximately 6”.
c. Apply dry powder onto the magnetize surface with plastic powder container blower so
that the powder reach the surface as fluffy dust. Remove excess powder by blowing.
d. Visually inspect for magnetic indication. Steps (iii) and (iv) above to be carried while
the magnetizing current is ‘ON’
e. Reposition the magnetic Yoke so that the magnetic field is perpendicular to that of step
(iv) above i.e. at A’-A’.
f. If indication is observed, determined whether the indication is caused by discontinuity

or false/irrelevant indication. This can be done by removing the indication, visually
examine the surface and re-MPI.
approved repair procedure shall be followed.
i. During a subsequent magnetization an overlap of at least one inch over the previous
10.5. COMPONENT : Butt welds, lap joints and other component
TECHNIQUE : Continuous magnetization colour contrast wet

Method with prods.
MAGNETIC : Magnaflux model P-910 portable test unit

SOURCE (magnetizing current 1000 amperes) or
similar
CURRENT : Ac or DC FLUX INDICATORS : Burnah
Castrol Type 1
POLE SPACING : Minimum 3”, maximum 8”
BACKGROUND : Cleaned, wirebrushed, spray with white

Contrast paint.
Lead
MAGNETIC : Ardox’s 800/3 Black Magnetic Ink or similar
PARTICLES
CODE : Acceptance Criteria as per ASW D1.1 and

Prods SPECIFICATION : ASME VIII A A’
WELD
A’ A
Flux
Indicator Overlapping of prods on subsequent magnetization
required
Inspection Sequence
b. Spray white paint on test surface and wait till it dries.
c. Press firmly the electrodes across test surface and energize the prods.
d. Apply wet magnetic ink between the prods and inspect for indication while excess ink
is flowing away.
e. Switch off current supply and reposition the prods alternately at A-A or A’-A’ as
shown above. Repeat step (iv) each time.
f. Irrelevant indication shall be removed, visually examine the surface and re-MPI.
approved repair procedure shall be followed.
i. During a subsequent magnetization, an overlap of at least one inch over the previous
10.6. COMPONENT : Butt welds lap joints and other components.
TECHNIQUE : Continuous magnetization, dry method.
MATERIAL : Carbon Steel.
MAGNETIC
SOURCE : Magnaflux model P-910 portable test unit.
CURRENT. : AC or DC FLUX INDDICATORS : Burmah Castrol Type 1.

POLE SPACING : Minimum 3” Maximum 8”
BACKGROUND : Cleaned, wirebrushed. As welded.
MAGNETIC :
PARTICLES. Magnaflux’s Red{ No.8A} or dry
powder.
CODE/ : Acceptance Criteria as per AWS D1.1 and

SPECIFICATIONS. ASME VIII.
Lead
Prods A A’
WELD
A’ A
Flux
Indicator Overlapping of prods on subsequent magnetization required
Inspection Sequence.
b. Press firmly the electrodes across test surface and energize the prods.
c. Apply the magnetic powder with rubber blower in between the prods and inspect for
indications. Excess powder to be blown away.
d. Switch off current supply and reposition the prods alternately at A-A and A’-A’ as
shown above. Repeat step {iv}each time.
e. Irrelevant indications shall be removed. Visually examine the surface and re-MPI.
f. Indications can be removed by light grinding. If indications are still present after
grinding, approved repair procedures shall be followed.

h. During a subsequent magnetization, an overlap of at least one inch over the previous
I. To determine if there is sufficient magnetic force, see section 5.5.
10.7 COMPONENT. Back gouging on butt welds
TECHNIQUE. Continuous magnetization, colour contrast wet method.
MATERIAL. Carbon Steel.
MAGNETIC
SOURCE . Magnaflux electro magnetic Yoke.
CURRENT AC or DC FLUX INDICATORS : Burmah Castrol

. Type 1.
POLE SPACING. Approximately 6”
BACKGROUND. Cleaned, spray with white contrast paint..
MAGNETIC
PARTICLES. Ardox’s 800/3 Black Magnetic ink or equivalent..
CODE/
SPECIFICATIONS. Acceptance Criteria as per AWS D1.1 and
ASME V111.
Gouged A A’
Weld
Yoke
WELD
Gouged
Area
Overlapping of prods on subsequent magnetization required
Flux
A A’
indicator

a. Remove slag, weld spatters and other debris from gouged area..
b Spray white paint on test surface {weld}. Wait until it dries.
c. Place magnetic Yoke across the gouged area with poles spacing approximately 6”.
d. Apply wet magnetic ink between the poles and magnetize the weld while the ink is flowing
away from the surface, visually inspect for indications.
e. Reposition the Yoke at A-A and A’-A’ as shown above. Repeat step {iv} above.
f. If indications are observed, determine whether the indications are caused by discontinuity or
false/irrelevant indications. Removing the indication, visually examining the surface and re-
MPI can do this.
g. Indications can be removed by light grinding. If indications still appear after grinding,
approved repair procedures shall be followed.
i. During a subsequent magnetization, an overlap of at least one inch over the previous step is
10.8. COMPONENT: Back gouging on butt welds
TECHNIQUE Continuous magnetization, dry method.
MATERIAL Carbon Steel.
MAGNETIC Electro magnetic Yoke. Magnaflux’s model

SOURCE Y-6
CURRENT AC or DC FLUX INDICATORS : Burmah Castrol

. Type 1.
POLE SPACING Approximately 6”

BACKGROUND Cleaned, as welded.
MAGNETIC
PARTICLES Magnaflux’s Red{ No.8A} or dry powder.
CODE/
SPECIFICATIONS Acceptance Criteria as per AWS D1.1 and
ASME V111.
Gouged A A’
Weld
Yoke
WELD
Gouged
Area
A
Flux
indicator
A’
a. Remove slag, weld spatters and other debris from gouged area.
b. Place magnetic Yoke across the gouged area with poles spacing approximately 6”.
c. Apply the magnetic powder with rubber blower in between the prods and inspect for
indications. Excess powder to be blown away.
d. Visually inspect for magnetic indications. Step {iii} and {iv} above to be carried out while
the magnetizing current is on.
e. Reposition the magnetic yoke aas shown at A-A and A’-A’ above. Repeat steps{iii} and { iv}
above.
f. Indications can be removed by light grinding. If indications are still present after grinding,
approved repair procedures shall be followed.

h. During a subsequent magnetization, an overlap of at least one inch over the previous step is
5.8. Evaluation
i. Discontinuities on the surface are indicated by retention of the magnetic particles. Areas of
false indications due to surface irregularities shall be re-tested after removing the
irregularities. Broad areas of particle accumulations which might mask indications from
discontinuities shall be cleaned and re-tested.
ii. Any doubtful or questionable indications shall be re-examined.
APPENDIX 2
10. Radiographic Technique
10.1. Single Wall- Single Image (SWSI).
The radiation passes through only on (1) wall of the weld (material) which viewed
for acceptance on the radiograph. The resultant image is directly captured in the
film. Where accessible, a single panoramic single –wall exposure (the source to
object are equi-distant at all points) can be used for large diameter pipes or tanks.
10.2. Double Wall –Single Image (DWSI)

Radiation passes through two walls and only the weld (material) on the film side is
viewed for acceptance.This technique is recommended for pipe welds greater than
2.5 inches in nominal diameter. Sufficient number of exposures will be taken to
cover the entire weld or component.
10.3. Double Wall – Double Image (Ellipse)
Radiation passes through two walls and the weld (material) in both walls are
viewed for acceptance on the same radiograph. It is recommended to pipe weld up
to 2.5 inches or less in nominal outside diameter. At least two films must be taken
at 90 to each other.
APPENDIX 3
11. Ultrasonic Testing Technique
The following are the typical techniques in conducting UT:
11.1.Component :Ultrasonic thickness measurement and lamination

check with compressional (0) probe.
Material
Thickness :2.0 mm and above

a. Test surface shall be clean and smooth. Filing or light grinding (if
permitted) should be carried out on pitted surface. Paintwork shall be
removed for thickness gauging.
b. Apply thin layer of couplant on the test point and place the probe over the
couplant. Press the probe lightly and evenly onto the test surface.
c. Maximized the signal to get a stable reading (digital meter).

Twist the probe lightly if stable signal could not be achieved.
d. Record down the reading with sketch. For lamination check, at least two
signals which indicates the wall thickness should be seen.
e. Special couplant, probe housing and technique will be detailed when

testing is carried out on hot surfaces above 50C.
11.2 Component :Butt welds, scanning from both sides of weldments

and from one face of parent metal.
Material :12.0 mm and above
Thickness
Joint :Single Vee or Bevel, with or without back welding or backingstrip

Preparation
1 ½ Skip
0o
Backing Strip , if Any.

a. 0 Probe – scan until 2 skips distance from weld centre line

both side of welds.
b. Root Scan.
c. With appropriate angle probes, scan the whole volume of the welds
d. If transverse defect is detected and accurate sizing is required, grind flush

the weld cap and scan with 0 probe and appropriate angle probes from
flushed area. (Longitudinal Scan).
e. Minimum scanning level-Primary Reference Level plus 6Db.
f. Defect sizing shall be carried out at Primary Reference Level.
g. Acceptance Criteria refer to AWS D1.1 Class R.
h. All defective areas shall be marked, with cross section of defective weld
marked adjacent to defective area.
i. All scanning limitation shall be reported.
11.3 Component :Butt Welds – Scanning from both sides and faces of the weldments
and parent metal.
Material :12.0 mm and above.

Thickness
Joint :Single or double Vee/Bevel without backing strip

Preparation
0o
¾ Skip

a. 0 Probe –scan until 2 skips distance from weld centre line from both side
of welds.
b. Root scan-as per Section 5.7.1
c. With appropriate angle probes, scan the whole volume of the weld.
d. If transverse defect is detected and accurate sizing is required, grind flush

the weld cap and scan with 0 probes and appropriate angle probes from
flushed are. (Longitudinal Scan).
e. Minimum scanning level- Primary Reference Level plus 6dB.
f. Defect sizing shall be carried out at Primary Reference Level.
g. Acceptance Criteria refer to AWS D1.1 Class R.
h. All defective areas shall be marked, with cross section of defective weld
adjacent to defective area.
i. All scanning limitation shall reported.
11.4 Component :Full Penetration T-Joint- Scanning from both faces

Thickness
FACE A
0o
Joint :Single / Double Bevel
FACE B Preparation
0o
If accesible
FACE A
¾ skip
a. 0 Probe-Scan until one skip distance from edge of weld on face A. If

accessible, scan from face B for laminar tearing and lack of fusion.
b. Root Scan-as per Section 5.7.1. Then scan the whole volume of weld with
other appropriate angle probes.
c. Minimum scanning level-Primary Reference Level 6dB.
d. Defect sizing shall be carried out at Primary Reference level.
e. Acceptance Criteria refer to AWS D1.1 Class R.
f. All defective areas shall be marked, with cross section of

defective weld marked adjacent to defective area
g. All scanning limitation shall be reported.
11.5 Component :Full Penetration T-Joint-Scanning from on face

only
Thickness
Joint :Single/Double Bevel

Preparation
1 ¼ skip
‘B’
0o
‘A’
0o
If accesible

a. 0 Probe-Scan until one skip distance from edge of weld on
face A. If accessible, scan from face B for lamellar tearing
and lack of fusion.
b. Root Scan-as per Section 5.7.1.Then scan the whole volume
c. Minimum scanning level-Primary Reference Level 6dB.
d. Defective sizing shall be carried out at Primary Reference Level.
e. Acceptance Criteria refer to ASW D1.1 Class R.
f. All defective areas shall be marked, with cross section of defective weld
marked adjacent to defective area.
11.6 Component:T and K- Joint – Scanning from external surface of stub only.
Material : 12.0 mm and above

Thickness
Joint : Single Bevel

Preparation

0o
Chord member
Inaccessible
Stub-set on tubular branch

o
0
1 ¼ skip
a. 0  Probe – Scan until one slip distance from edge of weld on face A. If accessible, scan
from face B for lamella tearing and lack of fusion.
b. Roof Scan as per Section 5.7.1. Then scan the whole volume of weld with other
appropriate probes.
c. Minimum scanning level – Primary Reference Level plus 6 dB.
d. Defect sizing shall be carried out at Primary Reference Level.
e. Due to the curvature of the stub, small diameter probes shall be used. All indication, high
or low amplitude, within testing range shall be carefully evaluated.
f. Acceptance Criteria refer to AWS D.1 Class R.
g. All defective areas shall be marked, with cross section of defective weld marked
h. All scanning limitation shall be reported.

11.7 Components : Y-Joint Scanning from external surface of stub

Thickness
Joint : Single Bevel

Preparation
1 ½ Skip
If accessible
0 Deg
Plates
45 Deg only

a. 0 Probe – Scan until 2 skip distance surface of stub.
b. Root Scan – as per Section 5.7.1. then scan the whole volume of weld with other
appropriate angle probes.
e. Due to the curvature of the stub, small diameter probes shall be used. All indication, high
or low amplitude, with testing range shall be carefully evaluated.
f. Acceptance Criteria refer to AWS D1.1 Class R.
g. All defective areas shall be marked, with cross section of defective weld marketed adjacent
to defective area.
h. All scanning limitation shall be reported.
11.8 Component : Double bevel full penetration joint of lifting lug

scanning from both faces and chord member (if accessible)

Thickness
Joint : Double Bevel full penetration

Penetration
¼ Skip
Chord Member

a. 0 Probe – Scan on the lifting lug and the chord member. See above sketch.
b. Root Scan – as per Section 5.7.1. Then scan the whole volume of weld with other
e. All defective areas shall be marked with cross section of defective weld marked adjacent
to defective area.
f. All defective areas shall be marked, with cross section of defective weld marked
11.9 Component : Corner joint scanning on accessible areas

Thickness
Joint : Single and Double Bevel

Penetration
1 Skip
0o
Or similar
½ Skip
1 skip
Inspection Sequence :
(If accessible)
a. 0 Probe – Scan until 2 slip distance on surface of stub.

b. Root Scan as per Section 5.7.1. Then scan the whole volume of weld with other
appropriate and angle probes.
d. Defect sizing shall be carried out Primary Reference Level.
e. Acceptance Criteria refer to AWS D1.1 Class R.
f. All defect areas shall be marked, with cross section of defective weld marked adjacent to
defective area.
1¼
g. All scanning limitation 0
shall be reported. 0 Skip
11.10 Component : Scanning method for longitudinal welds in

tubulars
Material : 10.0 mm and

If accessible above¾
Thickness Skip
Joint : Single/Double vee/bevel

Preparation Example 1
Single or double
bevel/vee)
a. 0 Probe – Scan until 1-1/2 skip distance ( far from 70 probe) from toe of weld and
other accessible area as indicated in the sketch.
b. Root Scan as per Section 5.7.1. then scan the whole volume of weld with other

e. Acceptance Criteria refer to AWS D1.1 R.
f. All defective area shall be marked with cross section of defective weld marked adjacent
to defective area.
10.12. Acceptance Criteria
All welds which are examined by ultrasonic testing shall be judged in accordance with ASW D1.1 Par
10.17.14.1 Class R or ASME V111.

APPENDIX 4
RADIATION SAFETY PROCEDURE

CONTENT
12.1. Introduction.
12.1.1. Purpose
12.2. Administration
12.2.1. Organization for Radiological Protection

12.2.2. Medical Surveillance
12.2.3. Personal Monitoring and Dose Records
12.2.4. Excessive Exposure
12.2.5. Maximum Permissible Annual Radiation Doses
12.2.6. Maximum Permission Instantaneous dose Rate
12.2.7. Control of Sealed Sources
12.2.8. Equipment Rest
12.2.9. Site Visits
12.3. Operator Competence
12.3.1 General
12.4. Equipment
12.4.1. General
12.4.2. Storage and Security
12.4.3. Accident and Malfunction
12.4.4. Safety Equipment
12.5. Methods of Work
12.5.1. General
12.5.2. Storage
12.5.3. Working Enclosure and Suitable Marked Areas
12.5.4. Warning signals
12.5.5. Dose Rate Measurement
12.5.6. General Precautions

12.5.7. General Precautions
12.5.8. Monitoring – Dose Rate Meters
12.6. Transport of Source
12.6.1. General
12.6.2. Categories of Consignment
12.7. Emergency Procedure
12.7.1. General
12.7.2. Emergencies with X-Ray Equipment
12.7.3. Emergencies with Radioactive Sources
Appendices
1.Warning Notice to all Persons
2.QA/QC AND SAFETY MANAGER Notice of Appointment

12.1. INTRODUCTION
12.1.1. Purpose
This document has been prepared in order to implement

Radiation Safety policy required by any Radiation
Protection Regulation and generally based on basic
principles of International Radiation Protection Safety.
This manual provides both for the protection of people at

work and the prevention of risks to the health and safety of
the general public, which may arise from work activities.
Employers are to ensure the safety of their employees at

work by maintaining sage plant, safe system of work and
sage premise; and also by ensuring adequate instruction,
training and supervision. The aim is that employers should
look at the conduct of their undertakings as a whole to
ensure both the safety of their employees and also the
general public are not adversely affected by their activities.
Employees have a duty to take reasonable care to avoid

injury to themselves or others by their work activities and
co-operate with employers and meeting statutory
requirements.
The system of work outlined within this document is

intended to help the PTSC/CORALL and its employees to
fulfill their statutory obligations with regard to the use of
ionizing radiation. However, although much of the content
this document deals explicitly with those legal obligations, it
does not purport to give legal interpretation to those
requirements.
12.2. ADMINISTRATION
12.2.1 Organization for Radiological Protection
Personnel concerned with radiographic fall into one of the

following categories:
NDT Managing Director
- Day to day direction of NDT Activities

- Sales and marketing of all aspects of the NDT activities of P/T
- Preparation of quotations and approval of same.

Project Manager
- Day to day control of all operations activities for the project,

including purchases of consumable and equipment.
- Day to day control of all site service operations.
- recruitment of suitably qualified technical personnel.
- Equipment maintenance
- Placing of purchase order for minor purchases and office
related purchases.
- Day to day control of all site service operations.
- recruitment of suitably qualified technical personnel.
- Equipment maintenance.
- Placing of purchase order for minor purchases and office
related purchases.
- Collation and storage of all quality records.
- Maintenance of personnel records.
- Final check on NDT reports, request on repairing of weld

and daily NDT technical guideline.
- supervision of all works personnel training.
- Supervision of all works personnel training
- Overall implementation and maintenance of the
PTSC/CORALL Quality Management System in term of
technique.
- Preparation and implementation and maintenance of Quality
Control and Technical Procedures.
QA/QC and Safety Manager
Appointed by the P/C supervisor

- All aspects of radiation Safety.
- Conducts internal quality audits and reviews
PTSC/CORALL’s Quality system.
- Equipment maintenance.
Every person working with radiation or radioactive materials shall not expose himself or others to
radiation to a grater extend than is absolutely necessary for the purposes of the work. In addition, the
worker should be responsible for the following:
Using those personal monitoring devices issued to him and recurring them at the end of the
prescribed period. He should also take every precaution to ensure that personal dosimeter devices
are exposed only to those ionizing radiation are incident on his body during the normal course of
his work.
Informing the QA/QC and Safety Manager in advance of any proposed work with radioactive
apparatus, together with methods and safety precautions to be used.
Reporting immediately to the QA/QC and Safety Manager any instance of known or suspected
unsafe practice or other hazardous situation or contingency.
Becoming familiar with the main chemical and physical properties and biological effects or the
radiation or radioactive materials he is using.
Reducing to a minimum the radiation hazards in the work.
Knowing what to do in case of an accident.
Wear personal safety equipment during the performing of NDT activities.
All other persons likely to encounter ionizing radiation as a result of the work.
12.2.2 Medical surveillance
All radiation workers will have a current health record made

by an employment medical adviser or appointed doctor (i.e.
valid for 12 months from date it was made, unless otherwise
specified).
12.2.3 Personal Monitoring and Dose Records
Each Radiation worker will wear a thermoluminescent

dosimeter badge (TLD). These are supplied to the P/C by
the local Radiation Protection Authority and are issued by
the P/C to its Radiation workers at monthly intervals. On
receipt of a new badge the Radiation worker hand his old
badge to the QA/ QC AND SAFETY MANAGER for the
P/C to return it to the Radiation Protection Authority for
processing. TLD badges must be worn in a manner
approved by the QA/ QC AND SAFETY MANAGER. Any
lost TLD badge must be reported to the QA/ QC AND
SAFETY MANAGER without delay.
Personal radiation dose records are maintained by the P/C

and the local Radiation Protection Authority. At the request
of the Radiation worker and given reasonable notice the will
provide him with a copy of his dose record.
12.2.4 Excessive Exposures
Any person having reasonable to believe he or any other

person has received an excessive radiation dose as result of
work must report the circumstances to QA/QC AND
SAFETY MANAGER who will initiate a full investigation.
Where the investigation fails to show beyond reasonable
doubt that no over –exposure occurred, the relevant
Authorities will be notified.
12.2.5 Maximum Permissible Annual Traditions Dose (Whole

Body)
For Radiation workers 50mSv (5 rem)

Other Person 5m Sv (0.5 rem)
12.2.6 Maximum Permissible Instantaneous Dose Rate
Other Persons 0.15m Rem/h
12.2.7 Control of Sealed Sources
The whereabouts of every sealed source is known at all

time. The QA/QC AND SAFETY MANAGER is
responsible for maintaining an up to date record of the serial
number, nature, activity, receipt, dispatch and specific
location of each sealed source. Only the P/C ’s Radiation
workers are permitted to make entries within those records
and effect the movement of isotopes at the worksite.
All sealed sources will have to be tested for leakage within
the preceding 26 months and copies of the test certificates
will be held by the QA/QC AND SAFETY MANAGER.
The purpose of keeping records of sources is to prevent as
fast as possible their possible their disappearance and to
provide up to date information on the last known
whereabouts of a source if it should be lost or mislaid. If an
immediate check fails to satisfactorily locate a source then
the QA/QC AND SAFETY MANAGER must be
immediately informed and a comprehensive search
conducted. If the source is not found then the QA/QC AND
SAFETY MANAGER will advise the Authorities.
12.2.8 Equipment Test
All the P/C ’s equipment will be tested prior to mobilization.

Where necessary test certificates will P/C the equipment and
be held by the QA/QC AND SAFETY MANAGER. A test
certificates wills PTSC/CORALL all dose rate meters. All
dose rate meters employed will have been tested within the
proceeding 14 months.

12.2.9 Site Visits
The PTSC/Corral’s Management may visit the worksheet to

monitor the work. Where practical safety improvement are
suggested and can be reasonably applied then with the
agreement of all parties this document will be amended and
the alternations implemented
OPERATOR COMPETENCE
12.3.1 The PTSC/CORALL has a responsibility to ensure that its

employees have adequate knowledge, training and
experience to conduct their duties in a safe manner. All the
PTSC/CORALL’s Personnel assigned to the worksite will
have received in radiation protection as an integral part of
their general training as radiographers. Such knowledge is
displayed by qualifications and certificates issued to the
individual who has been examined and found competent. In
addition the PTSC/CORALL appoints one or its most
experienced employees as Radiation Protection
Supervisor(s) to provide close supervisor onsite in order that
the work is conducted in accordance with safe working
practice.
EQUIPMENT
12.4.1 General
The specific equipment employed will vary dependant on

the precise nature of the work and full details including
maximum radiation output will be given within the
radiographic procedure documents.
The QA/ QC AND SAFETY MANAGER is responsible for
ensuring that the PTSC/CORALL’s X- and Gamma –Ray
equipment at the worksite maintained in good clean working
order.
12.4.2. Storage and Security
Whilst not in use all X- and Gamma- Ray equipment will be

locked in a safe condition. All sources not in use or transit
will be stored in a dedicated purpose built storage locker.
The locker will be clearly labeled with warning sign and
will be locked. The QA/ QC AND SAFETY MANAGER is
responsible for locker.

12.4.3. Accident and Malfunction
In the event of an exposure container being involved in an

accident or not functioning correctly, it will be immediately
withdrawn from service until suitable repairs have been
effected. In any event the QA/ QC AND SAFETY
MANAGER to determine whether its integrity has been
prejudiced will survey the container. If there is any
possibility of this QA/ QC AND SAFETY MANAGER will
take such corrective action as is possible without risk to
himself or others (See Emergency Procedures) and advice
the Project manager
12.4.4 Safety equipment
Radiation Dose Rate Meters

These are the most important item of safety equipment. The
PTSC/CORALL will provide at each station at all times
Audible Alarm Monitors

Operators will be issued with an audible alarm monitor
(bleeper) as warming of radiation hazard. Whilst these until
are not considered as calibrate meters, they do provide an
immediate indication of radiation hazard.
Warning Signs
Warning sigh will be posted where a potential radiation
hazard exists. This will be at all time including the
workstation where radiography is being performed. Warning
signs will be sufficiently large to be clearly visible. Warning
signs will be appropriately worded and carry the
internationally recognized ‘trefoil” symbol.
Quarts Fibber Electrosope Dosimeter
Although not a mandatory requirement, the use of QFE

dosimeter will be encouraged as much as possible during
normal working with Ionizing Radiation. During
emergency/accident conditions. Such dosimeter must be
used and reading taken regularly to assist with dose
estimations and safety contingency procedures.
METHOD OF WORK
12.5.1 General
Particular emphasis will be applied to safe working as the

worksite provides only a confined area to perform many
different operations. It is therefore inevitable that other
persons will be performing other duties in relatively close
proximity to the radiography.
Operator safety is of prime importance. According

consideration will be given to ensure a reasonable number of
Radiation workers will be assigned to each workstation.
Under no circumstance is it permitted for a single person
alone to carry out gamma radiography as the equipment may
be dependent on manual timing and he might lie injured in
an area of high radiation and be in considerable danger
without assistance.
12.5.2 Storage of Equipment
The work performed aboard pipelay vessel is considered

“long term”, i.e the sources are not remove from the vessel
at the end of the working day Consequently a specially
constructed source storage locker is mandatory.
12.5.3 Working Enclosures and Suitable Marked Areas
Where reasonably practicable, all radiography within

dedicated exposure gays readily identifiable. With warning
signs visible. The dimensions and shielding must be
designed to reduce the radiation level to less than 0.45
mRem/hour outside the enclosures. The degree of shielding
and size of enclosure area are dependent on the nature and
activity of the source and the direction and collimation of its
beam. Under no circumstances are the exposure bays or
their shielding to be altered without the express agreement
of the QA/QC AND SAFETY MANAGER. No person other
than Radiation workers is permitted to enter the enclosures
without the express permission of the QA/QC AND
SAFETY MANAGER or delegate.
When it is not reasonably practicable to use a designated

exposure bay and radiography must be conducted in site,
e.g. Riser fabrication etc, barriers will be erected at the 2,5
mRem/h distance to exclude all other persons. Warning
notices will be placed near the barriers.
12.5.4 Warning Signals

It is mandatory to provide adequate warning when an
exposure is about to take place and while an exposure is in
progress. The signal given before exposure is in progress.
The following signals will be uses:
Pre-Exposure Warning
Crawling radiography : manually operated siren

External X-ray : integral horn/siren
External gamma ray : manually operated
Exposure in progress warning
External X-Ray : Radiation triggered audio/visual-

warning devices. When within the dedicated exposure bays,
the automatic lanterns may be supplemented by a manually
switched flashing light system.
: and integral flashing lantern.
integral flashing lantern.
External Gamma : As above , excluding integral flashing

Lantern
12.5.5 Dosegrate Measurement
Radiation workers will monitor the perimeters of the

exposure bay and the source storage locker at the
commencement of work and at every shift change thereafter
and whenever there is a significant change in exposure
conditions. Such monitoring will be conducted under the
supervisor of the QA/AC AND SAFETY MANAGER who
will be keeping a written record of the findings.
12.5.6 General Precautions
Other persons usually have extremely limited knowledge of

radiation on the associated hazards. It is therefore
insufficient to merely ensure the erection of barriers and the
use of warning signals. According, Classified workers will
maintain strict vigil to prevent unauthorized personnel
entering areas where be done, then work with ionizing will
cease immediately.
Radiation Workers will report all unauthorized intrusion into

such radiation areas to the QA/QC AND SAFETY
MANAGER who will review the positioning of warning
signs and the use of the warning signals and will improve or
supplement them as necessary to prevent further similar
occurrences. All incidents brought to the attention of the
QA/QC AND SAFETY MANAGER when preliminary
investigation reveals he will report the likelihood of
radiation overdose to the relevant Authorities.
12.5.7 Monitoring Dose Rate Meters
The P/C ’s Equipment Technician is responsible to the

QA/QC AND SAFETY MANAGER for ensuring that the
meters employed are in good condition, i.e.Batteries, etc.
A Dose Rate Meter will be uses to ensure:

(a) Safety barriers are correctly positioned,
(b) Gamma ray exposure containers are fully closed and
the source shielded after each exposure,
(c) The location of a lost source,
(d) Working conditions are adequately monitored.
12.6. TRANSPORT OF SOURCES
12.6.1 General
There are many regulations covering transport which are all

essentially based on The International Atomic Energy’s
Regulations for the Safe transport of radioactive materials.
To all intents and purposes the standards laid down for
packaging, labeling and consignment certificates are the
same regardless of the means of transport.
12.6.2 Categories of Consignment
Although there is an exempt class for packages containing

very low quantities of source activity, this class is most
unlikely to be encountered. Therefore ALL packages of
radiography substances consigned to and from the worksite
must be marked as such.
There are several categories of marking; however, all

isotopes consigned to and from the worksite will be labeled
as Class III Yellow label packages. As such the radiation
dose rate must not exceed 2.0 OSvh-1 at the surface of the
package and not grater than 0.5Svh-I at one meter from the
surface of the package. The labels have three red stripes.
The consignor must ensure that the package is of the

standard required for the type and quantity of activity. There
are tow types of package Type “A” and Type “B”. In any
event the type must be clearly marked on the outside. Any

Type “B” package must be of a design approved by the
appropriate authority.
Type “A” package include crawler control isotopes (Cs137
and Co60) and Crawler exposure head (Ir192).
Types “B” package include external exposure apparatus
(windout containers).
Consignor’s name and address;
Package identification number;
Description of radioactive content (isotope, activity,
physical or chemical form);
Transport Index i.e. maximum dose rate in millirerns per
hour at one meter from surface of the package (N.B. – 1.0
Rh-I equal 0.01 Svh-1)
Type of packaging.
The P/C will not consign a package to the worksite unless it

is satisfied that there are people at the worksite who are
trained and competent to deal with an emergency and ensure
safe storage.
When the consignment is from the worksite then the QA/AC

AND SAFETY MANAGER is responsible for handling
over the package in the correct manner. Where the package
is placed with a transit container or box and Class III yellow
label(s) affixed to the outside.
It at any time it is considered that the labeling or packaging

is not satisfactory, the QA/QC AND SAFETY MANAGER
should be consulted.
12.7. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
12.7.1 General
This section has been complied from information and

experience gained from incidents that have occurred in
recent years throughout industry worldwide and intended to
serve as a guide in dealing with emergency situations which
may arise.
The isolated remote location of the worksite may mean that

it will not be possible for the additional assistance to reach
for are several hours. The QA/QC AND SAFETY
MANAGER is therefore responsible for taking immediate
action to ensure that no person aboard the vessel is exposed
to any avoidable radiation.

Emergencies are most likely to arise during radiography and
different action is required for X-rays, which can be
switched off, and gamma rays, which cannot.
Responsibility for Emergency Action
The P/C Has the Primary responsibility for dealing with any
radiation emergency that arises. In the event of unexpected
difficulties this could entail requesting outside assistance
particularly where prompt action necessary and such
assistance is quickly available.
Emergency situations may result in excessive radiation

exposure if Radiation workers and others, in which case the
QA/QC AND SAFETY MANAGER will notify the relevant
Authorities without delay.
12.7.2 Emergencies with X-ray Equipment
General
The most likely type of emergency with X-ray Equipment is exposure of persons to X-ray as a
result of either the apparatus being energized unintentionally or to persons getting past the
warning barriers unnoticed.
Action by radiation Workers
Switch off the equipment and do not restart until the QA/AC
AND SAFETY MANAGER grants approval.
Established the identity of any individual who may have

been exposures.
Advise the QA/QC AND SAFETY MANAGER who will

notify the project manager.
Action by QA/QC AND SAFETY MANAGER
Where persons may have been exposed to radiation establish

the extent of their exposure and if they are Radiation
workers remove them work with ionizing radiation until
TLD badges have been processed by the relevant
Authorities.
Request specialist outside assistance as necessary.
Conduct an investigation with written statements and notify

Authorities as required.
12.7.3. Emergencies with Radioactive Sources
General
Most incidents of this type are due to a source failing to

return its shielded position at the termination of the
exposure, or to a source becoming separated from its
container during the use.
Because the work will be performed within the dedicated

exposure bays a suitably marked area, there will already be
barriers in position and since a radiation dose rate meter will
be used, the presence of an unshielded source should be
immediately apparent. Providing a dose rate meter is used,
the sources used aboard the vessel can be brought into a
sage condition without anyone receiving an excessive
exposure.
Action by Radiation Workers
Measure the radiation intensity
Restrict access to the area with barriers at the 7.5Svh -1

level (0.15mRem/hour) and ensure that only Radiation
workers engaged in recovery pass the barriers.
he QA/ QC AND SAFETY MANAGER
Identify all persons who may have been within the restricted area and report them to the
QA/ QC AND SAFETY MANAGER.
Before entering the restricted are the QA/ QC AND SAFETY MANAGER will plan a
course of action and gather together tools, shielding material etc.
Inform the Project manager of what has happened and what action is proposed.
If possible the QA/ QC AND SAFETY MANAGER and his assistants will replace the
source within its container within its shielded position.
The QA/ QC AND SAFETY MANAGER will notify PTSC/CORALL who will provide
assistance as required.
Action by QA/ QC AND SAFETY MANAGER

The QA/ QC AND SAFETY MANAGER will make a full
investigation of the circumstances with written statements of
all persons involved in the incident including the degree of
their radiation exposure.
Where it appears likely that persons have received excessive exposure, the relevant Authorities
will be noticed, medical examinations arranged,and film badges processed etc. Without
delay.
Where the sources has not been returned to its container in a fully safe condition then the QA/
QC AND SAFETY MANAGER will make a further planned attempt and if necessary
obtain another container. Once this has arrived then the source will be placed in it and
removed from the worksite for disposal in an approved manner.
Injured Persons
When accident involving possible damage to a source container and injury to personnel.
The first consideration is the rescue of injured or trapped persons. This wills precedence
over all other action. The QA/ QC AND SAFETY MANAGER and Project manager are
responsible for insuring all those involved and until measurements have been made it must
be assumed that the source is fully exposed.
Fire involving Radioactive Source
Sources and container are designed to withstand quite severe fire conditions but should be
removed from the area if this can be done. If this is not possible then the QA/ QC AND
SAFETY MANAGER and Project manager must advise the fire fighters of the presence of
radioactive source.
Missing Source
If a radioactive source container is missing then Radiation workers will:
Begin an immediate search using available radiation detection equipment.

Advise the QA/ QC AND SAFETY MANAGER and Project manager.
If not found within one hour the QA/ QC AND SAFETY MANAGER will advise
PTSC/CORALL
Source Lost in Transit
A full search, cross checking shipping manifest etc. Will be conducted and the QA/ QC AND
SAFETY MANAGER advised of the outcome
If the source is not located the QA/ QC AND SAFETY MANAGER will advise the necessary
Authorities immediately.

APPENDIX 1
WARNING NOTICE TO ALL PERSONS
Notice is given that PTSC/CORALL is contracted to perform radiography at this worksite.

Ionizing Radiation can be extremely dangerous and only the PTSC/CORALL’s Classified Workers
are permitted to conduct the work.
Observe and obey all Warning Signs and barriers bearing the trefoil symbol and any others relating
to ionizing radiation.
Report all instance of possible radiation overdoes or planned radiation exposure.
Radiography is conducted in the following location(s):
PTSC Supply Base,

115 National Road. 51.
Vung Tau.
Vietnam.
Radioactive Sealed Sources are store in the following location(s):
Vietnam National Atomic Energy Commission.

217 Nguyen Trai Street, District 1,
Ho Chi Minh City.
Vietnam.
Any person requiring information or clarification regarding the use of ionizing radiation must
consult the QA/ QC AND SAFETY MANAGER and all incidents involving ionizing radiation
must be reported him.

APPENDIX 2
ASSIGNMENT
This letter serves as notice that:
Mr. Nguyen Van Chinh and Mr. Nguyen Huu Thoi
are appointed QA/ QC Manager and Safety Manager { RPS}respectively in accordance with
requirements.
Signed Name
Position Project QA Manager
Date 4th May 2000

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1.

1. Magnetic Particle Inspection.

2. Dye Penetrant Inspection.

AWS D1.1 2000 : Structural Welding Code (Steel)

ASME V 1995 : Boiler and pressure vessel Code.

DIN 54 109 Part 1 :Non-destructive Testing Image Quality of Radiographs

SNT-TC-IA : Recommended Practice for Non-destructive Testing

ASTM E 709-95 Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Testing.

ASTM E 165-95 Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination.

ASTM E 1220-99 Standard Test Method for Visible Penetrant Examination

ASTM E94-93. Recommended Practice for Radiographic Testing.

ASME B31.3-96 Process Piping.

ASME Code Sec. V. Non-Destructive Examination.

4.0 WELD TYPES TO BE INSPECTED.

3. T-Joints (T) : a. Frame web to flanges. b. Longitudinal stiffeners to plate. c. Boundary

4.1 Welding Process : Automatic Submerged-arc, Semi-automatic CO 2 metal-arc

NDT: Non-destructive Testing

PCN: Personnel Certification in Non-destructive Testing

ASME: American Society of Mechanical Engineer

ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials

ASNT: American Society of Non-destructive Testing

CSWI: Certification Scheme of Welding and Inspection Personnel

ASNT: American Society of Non-destructive Testing

8.0 NDT PROCEDURES.

8.1 Magnetic Particle Inspection { MPI}

PTSC/CORALL/042000/CPC3LQ99/NDT/SOP- QS4.10_3 Page 3 of 90

8.1.1. Method of Examination

8.1.2. Magnetization equipment/techniques

A method used to detect discontinuities that are open to the surface. An

Longitudinal magnetization along the length of tubular products is achieved. It is

8.1.3. Surface Preparation

8.1.5. Magnetic Field Adequacy and Direction

FIGURE I – Magnetic Particle Field Indicator

Eight low carbon steel

Nonferrous Handle of any

Artificial Flaw.{ all segment

Braze weld or mechanically

PTSC/CORALL/042000/CPC3LQ99/NDT/SOP- QS4.10_3 Page 5 of 90

a. Dry magnetic particles

b. Wet Magnetic Particle

i. Thoroughly agitate the suspension.

ii. Transfer a 100ml sample to a Sutherland Flask.

Non-fluorescent wet magnetic particles suspended in a suitable liquid medium in the

ii. Apply sample of newly mixed ink to the coupon.

i. It shall be performed in dark area.

PTSC/CORALL/042000/CPC3LQ99/NDT/SOP- QS4.10_3 Page 7 of 90

a. Discontinuities on the surface are indicated by retention of the magnetic particles.

b. Any doubtful or questionable indications shall be re-examined.

8.1.8. Acceptance/ Rejection Criteria.

8.1.9. Post cleaning and de-Magnetization.

8.1.10. Special Requirements

a. All MPI shall be reported in a standard format {Exhibit 1} accompanied by sketch

b. The CONTRACTOR’S Magnetic Particle Inspection Report shall contain as a

8.2 Dye Penetrant Inspection { DPI}

8.2.1. Description of Method

PTSC/CORALL/042000/CPC3LQ99/NDT/SOP- QS4.10_3 Page 8 of 90

In principle a liquid penetrant is applied to the surface to be examined and allowed to

Either a color contrast penetrant technique or a fluorescent penetrant technique shall be

8.2.3. Surface Condition

Drying of the pre-cleaned surface shall be accomplished by normal evaporation or blast of

8.2.5. Penetrant Application and Removal

8.2.6. Developer Application and Examination