CHAPTER - I

1.1 INTRODUCTION:

A plastic bottle is a bottle constructed from high-density plastic. Plastic bottles are
typically used to store liquids such as water, soft drinks, motor oil, cooking oil, medicine,
shampoo, milk, and ink. The size ranges from very small sample bottles to large carboys.
Consumer blow molded containers often have integral handles or are shaped to facilitate
grasping.

Plastic was invented in the 19th century and was originally used to replace common
materials such as ivory, rubber, and shellac. In the 21st century, this once-celebrated invention
has become almost like a disease that has spread to a significant amount of commodities sold
today, including plastic beverage bottles. They were first used commercially in 1947 but
remained relatively expensive until the early 1950s when high-density polyethylene was
introduced. They quickly became popular with both manufacturers and customers because of
their lightweight nature and relatively low production and transportation costs compared to glass
bottles. However, the biggest advantage plastic bottles have over their glass counterparts is their
superior resistance to breakage, in both production and transportation. Except for wine and beer,
the food industry has almost completely replaced glass bottles with plastic bottles.

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1.2 INDUSTRY PROFILE

Plastic bottles are most commonly produced from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) a
thermoplastic polymer. The advantages of using PET for bottling are its strength, light weight,
and recyclability. In order to manufacture plastic bottles, the PET must first go through
polymerization to create long molecular chains. This process can be completed and can result in
inconsistencies between batches of PET. The two most common impurities that polymerization
can create are diethylene glycol and acetaldehyde. Diethylene glycol levels are kept to a
minimum so that it does not affect the final product. Once that make sure that the beverages are
not affected by acetaldehyde, manufacturers use optimum injection molding techniques which
keep acetaldehyde concentration level very low.

The Growth of the PET Plastic Industry in India

Though Indian economy had a slowdown in last three years, current political scenario
assures good times. With a strong government at the central, there are no confusions about
economic policies and overall growth. PET sector in India also expects a phenomenal future.
According to experts, polymer consumption by Indian plastic industry is expected to be double
in next 6 years. It means that the magic figure of 20 Million metric tons can be expected by
2020. Fundamentals for the plastic sector of the country seem to be exceptionally good, in spite
of the fact that there was a slip in growth last few years.

Growth drivers are just in place

Since GDP growth remained stagnant to 3 -4 percent consecutive two years, every
industry felt the heat of economic slowdown. The blow was further hard because GDP was
rocking between 9 to 10 percent in the previous years. However, the growth drivers seem to be
back on track. This year GDP touched 5.4 percent and it expected to cross 6.5 next year.
Ambitious plans of the Indian government to spend on sectors like Infrastructure, electronics,
and chemicals and petrochemical assure fantastic improvement in the economic scenario.

Plastic industry expects to get a great thrust after a gloomy period in the last two years
consecutively. Weakening Rupee value against the US Dollar made the situation worse.

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Nevertheless, the tough time is over and the industry expects a turning point in the forthcoming
years. While plastic usage in India was primarily in household consumer durables, people
expected that there will be new areas like health care, infrastructure, and agriculture demanding
for it. Plastic becomes a material of choice because of its sensational properties and low cost.

Immense potential of growth can be estimated by the fact that annual per capita plastic
consumption is 8Kg in India as compared to 60Kg in developed nations. Similarly, China can
become a benchmark for production for us. In spite of being almost equal in population, it
produces polymers of different types 3 to 20 times more than India.

1.3 COMPANY PROFILE

A well-established name in the Plastic Industry, Abirami pet industry is one of India's
leading companies engaged in the manufacturing of durable plastic products such as PET bottles,
jars and bottles. They are catering to the packaging needs of diverse segments. The company has
emerged as the indomitable winner of the industry by offering the highest quality plastic
products. The company is in conformity with high-quality standards at every stage of the
development process right from the conceptual design to the product release. they are engaged in
the fast and efficient production of high-quality products that are in accordance with the
specifications of our clients. They have been catering to a large number of industries through
manufacturing and exporting plastic packaging products. We are an ultimate solution provider to
any kind of effective plastic packaging of international quality. They are involved in offering a
very fine quality of pet jars and bottle which are available in a wide range of sizes and utilities.
These products are highly admired in the market for their durability and reliability.

Abhirami Pet Industries Private Limited is a private incorporated on 19 August 2014.It

is classified as Non-government company and is registered at Registrar of companies, Chennai.
Its authorized share capital is Rs.30,000,000 and its paid up capital is Rs.27,900,000. It is
involved in Manufacture of plastic products. Annual General Meeting (AGM) was last held on
28 September 2018 and as per records from Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), its balance
sheet was last filed on 31 March 2018.

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1.4 VISION:

• To satisfy our customers by manufacturing superior quality and customized packaging

solutions.

General Details

Company name : ABHIRAMI PET INDUSTRIES PVT LTD..,

Location : Panagudi

Owner name : Marimuthu

Director name : Ramesh masanam

Branches : Chennai, Mumbai, Covai

Ownership type : Private

Primary business type : Manufacturer

CIN : U25200TN2014PTC096997

License No : 33AAMCAB141MZE

Registration No : 96997

Registration Authorities : RoC-Chennai

Sources of finance : Loan

GST No : 27BGGPR3747C2ZA

Annual turnover : Rs. 50 Lakh – 1 crore

1.5 FORM OF OWNERSHIP:

 Abirami Pet Industries Pvt Ltd is a sole proprietorship firm

Sole Proprietorship:

 A sole proprietorship is the most basic form of business ownership, where there is one
sole owner who is responsible for the business. It is not a legal entity that separates the

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 owner from the business meaning that the owner is responsible for all of the debts and
obligations of the business on the personal level.

1.6 ORGANISATION STRUCTURE:

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 CHAPTER - II

2.1 NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES:

An individual who works part-time or full-time under a contract of employment,

whether oral or written, express or implied, and has recognized rights and duties. Also called
worker.

Total No.of employees = 100

 Men – 45
 Women – 25
 Staff’s – 30

Salary per month:

Rs.8000 for new employees and the increment will be given based on seniority and
experience of the employees.

2.2 TRAINING:

 The recruitment process is defined as the process of selection and short listing of the right
candidates with the necessary qualification and skills set to fill the vacancies is an
organizations
 One week training is given by the senior employees

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2.3 RECRUITMENT PROCESS:

 The recruitment process is defined as the process of selection and short listing of the right
candidates with the necessary qualification and skills set to fill the vacancies is an
organizations
 Workers are appointed by contract basis

Working hours:

 Men working hours 12 hours per day

 Women working hours 8 hours per day

Production shift:

 Normal shift for regular production

 Night shift for season production

Safety to the workers:

Gloves, Coat, Caps are provided to the workers

Job Security:

ESI and PR act.

ESI – Employee State Insurance act

PR – Permanent Resident act

Benefits under the ESI act:

 Sickness benefit
 Maternity benefit
 Disablement benefit
 Dependent’s benefit
 Medical benefit and
 Funeral expenses

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2.4 APPRAISAL OF EMPLOYEES:

 The recruitment process is defined as the process of selection and short listing of the
right candidates with the necessary qualification and skills set to fill the vacancies is an
organizations
 Bonus will be given to the employee’s those who are working 28 days in a month.

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 CHAPTER –III

3.1 MANUFACTURING PRODUCT:

Bottle (Water can)

3.2RAW MATERIAL:

TYPES OF RAW MATERIAL

High-density polyethylene (HDPE)

HDPE is the most widely used resin for plastic bottles. This material is economical,
impact resistant, and provides a good moisture barrier. HDPE is compatible with a wide range of
products including acids and caustics but is not compatible with solvents. It is supplied in FDA-
approved food grade. HDPE is naturally translucent and flexible. The addition of color will make
HDPE opaque, but not glossy. HDPE lends itself to silk screen decoration. While HDPE
provides good protection at below freezing temperatures, it cannot be used with products filled
above 190 °F (88 °C) or products requiring a hermetic (vacuum) seal.

Fluorine-treated HDPE

These bottles are exposed to fluorine gas in a secondary operation, are similar in
appearance to HDPE, and serve as a barrier to hydrocarbons and aromatic solvents. Fluorine-
treated bottles may contain insecticides, pesticides, herbicides, photographic chemicals,

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agricultural chemicals, household and industrial cleaners, electronic chemicals, medical cleaners
and solvents, citrus products, d-limonene, flavors, fragrances, essential oils, surfactants, polishes,
additives, graffiti cleaning products, pre-emergents, stone and tile care products, waxes, paint
thinner, gasoline, biodiesel, xylene, acetone, kerosene and more.

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE)

LDPE is similar in composition to HDPE. It is less rigid and generally less chemically
resistant than HDPE, but is more translucent. LDPE is used primarily for squeeze applications.
LDPE is significantly more expensive than HDPE.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET, PETE) / Polyester

This resin is commonly used for carbonated beverages, water bottles, and food
packaging. PET provides very good alcohol and essential oil barrier properties, generally good
chemical resistance (although acetones and ketones will attack PET) and a high degree of impact
resistance and tensile strength. The orienting process serves to improve gas and moisture barrier
properties and impact strength. This material is not resistant at high temperature. Its maximum
temperature is 200 °F (93 °C).

Polypropylene (PP)

PP is used primarily for jars and closures. It is rigid and is a barrier to moisture.
Polypropylene is stable at temperatures up to 220 °F (104 °C). It is autoclavable and offers the
potential for steam sterilization. The compatibility of PP with high filling temperatures is
responsible for its use with hot fill products. PP has excellent chemical resistance, but provides
poor impact resistance in cold temperatures.

Polystyrene (PS) PS is transparent and rigid. It is commonly used with dry products,
including vitamins, petroleum jellies, and spices. Styrene does not provide good barrier
properties, and exhibits poor impact resistance.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

PVC is naturally clear. It has high resistance to oils, and has transmits very little oxygen.
It provides a strong barrier to most gases, and its drop-impact resistance is also very good. This
material is chemically resistant, but it is vulnerable to some solvents. PVC has poor resistance to

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high temperatures and will distort at 160 °F (71 °C), making it incompatible with hot-filled
products. It has attained notoriety in recent years due to potential health risks.

Post-consumer resin (PCR)

PCR is a blend of reclaimed natural HDPE (primarily from milk and water containers)
and virgin resin. The recycled material is cleaned, ground and recompounded into uniform
pellets along with prime virgin material especially designed to build up environmental stress
crack resistance. PCR has no odor but exhibits a slight yellow tint in its natural state. This tint
can be hidden by the addition of color. PCR is easily processed and inexpensive. However, it
cannot come into direct contact with food or pharmaceutical products. PCR can be produced in a
variety of recycled content percentages up to 100%.

K-Resin (SBC)

SBC is a highly transparent, high-gloss, impact-resistance resin. K-Resin, a styrene

derivative, is processed on polyethylene equipment. It is specifically incompatible with fats and
unsaturated oils or solvents. This material is frequently used for display and point-of-purchase
packaging.

Raw materials purchased from : Kolkata and China

3.3 MACHINES AND EQUPMENTS:

 Equipment is a type of fixed asset used by a company in its business operations and
reported on the long term assets section of the balance sheet under the line item property,
plant and equipment

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Machine name : Purchase from :

 Ampee blowing machine - Jenith

 Girla generator compressor - Keaser
 Injection machine - Paramatic

3.4 MANUFACTURING PROCESS:

 Steps through which raw materials are transformed into a final product

Aspet

Dryer

Injection

Preform

Blowing

High pressure

bottle

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Manufacturing bottle sizes:

 710 ml bottle
 1000 ml bottle
 1 liter bottle
 1.50 liter bottle
 2 liter can

Manufacturing steps:

Step 1: PET is first heated up and placed in a tube shaped mold called a parison, which
is cut into the correct length after it’s cooled.

Step 2: The parison gets heated up and placed into a bottle shaped mold, with a
screwtop included. A mandrel (steel rod) is inserted into the parison to allow highly pressurized
air to enter and stretch the plastic. The molecules then polarize, due to the combination of
stretching and high temperature, and produce a bottle.

- Step 3: The bottle is cooled quickly to avoid creep and then removed. There are a
number of tests done after manufacturing to guarantee that the bottles are safe for use.

3.5 LOGO:

 Recognizable and distinctive graphic design, stylized name, unique symbol, or other
device for identifying an organization.
 It is affixed, included, or printed on all advertising, buildings, communications, literature,
products, stationary, and vehicles.
 Not to be confused with a brand, which identifies a product or family of products. Also
called logotype.

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3.6 SLOGAN:

A Short and striking or memorable phrase used in advertising

“Building Better Beverages

From Concept To Shelf ”

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 CHAPTER – IV

4.1 MARKETING OF PRODUCT:

Product marketing is a process of promoting and selling a product to a customer.

Marketing of product is defined being the intermediary function between product developments
and increasing brand awareness. Abhirami pet industries follows several ways to market their
product.

4.2 CHANNEL OF DISTRIBUTION:

 Abirami pet industries follows a “Direct marketing channel”.

 It is also known as zero level channels.
 No middle man is involved in this process.
 The finished product will be distributed to the following companies;
 Selvi mineral water - Tirunelveli
 Nathan aqua process - Tirunelveli
 Rajas agency - Tirunelveli
 Jalite agencies - Tirunelveli
 Rose Rani aqua - Tirunelveli
 Gold document multi business co. - Tirunelveli
 Susila water agency - Tirunelveli
 Aathavan minerals - Tirunelveli

4.3 ADVERTISEMENT:

Advertising is any paid form of non-personal presentation of ideas or services by an

identified sponsor. The company is giving advertisement in Daily Thanthi Newspaper.

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 CHAPTER – V

CONCLUSION:

This study helps to understand the various functions of the ABHIRAMI PET
INDUSTRIES. We have great opportunity to know the company profile, structure of the
company, forms of ownership, and source of finance, selection and recruitment process, training
for the employees, appraisal process, and production process of the company and also analyze
the department functions. It helps to enhance and develop our skills, abilities and knowledge.

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