CRITICAL BOOK REPORT

SUBJECT ENGLISH FOR PHYSICS

PHYSICS EDUCATION D 2019

SCORE:

ENGLISH FOR PHYSICS

BY GROUP : 8

FIDYYA AMALIA SAFITRI (4193121001 )

MAYAWI ADRIANI LUMBANGAOL (4193121023 )

RAHMITA WANI SIREGAR ( 4191121033 )

SUPPORTING LECTURER : MUHAMMAD ASWIN

RANGKUTI, S.Pd., M.Pd.

PHYSICS DEPARTEMENT

FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

2019
 PREFACE

Praise our thanks to God Almighty for blessing and His plan so that I can complete
this task. Not to mention I also thank our professors for giving me the opportunity to make
this paper. The intent and purpose of making this paper is to meet the English course of
Physics. Lots of errors that we find in this paper, especially how writing and language writers
use. For that the writer apologizes for the mistakes and the forgiveness of words that may be
less willing to read.
Finally, the authors thank all colleagues who have given motivation to the author in
completing this paper. The author hopes this paper can be useful for everyone.

Medan, Oktober 2019

Author
 CONTENTS

Preface……………………….……………………….……………………….……………..2
Contents……………………………………………………………………………………...2
Chapter 1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………..3
1.1 The purpose of writing CBR …………………………………………………………3
1.2 Benefit CBR…………………………………………………………………………..3
1.3 Identity of Books……………………………………………………………………..3
Chapter 2 Summary………………………………………………………………………...4
2.1 Summary of Book 1…………………………………………………………………..4
2.2 Summary of Book 2…………………………………………………………………..12
Chapter 3 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………15
3.3 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………15
3.4 Suggestions………………………………………………………………………….. 15
Reference…………………………………………………………………………………...16
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Purpose Of Writing Critical Book Report

Critize / compare one topic of English For Physics especially on Passive Voice in two
different Book.

1.2 Benefits Of Critical Book Report

1. To increase the knowledge about Passive Voice.
2. To compare the book which has a better one.

1.3 Identity Book

1. A. Tittle : HYPOTHESIS – TESTING BEHAVIOUR

B. Author : FENNA POLETIEK

C. Publication Years : 2001

D. Publisher : PSYCHOLOGY PRESS

E. City Rises : PHILADELPHIA

F. ISBN : 1 - 84169 - 159 – 3

2. A. Tittle : X – KIT PHYSICS

B. Author : MASKEW MILLER LONGMAN

C. Publication Years : 2009

D. Publisher : PEARSON

E. City Rises : PINELANDS

F. ISBN : 978 1 77025 207 3

 CHAPTER II

SUMMARY

2.1 Summary of Book 1

Hypothesis – testing behaviour

The basic hypothesis or assumption is a temporary answer to a problem that is still
presumptive because it still has to be proven. The alleged answer is a temporary truth, which
will be tested for truth with data collected through research.

Scientific hypotheses try to come up with a temporary answer to the problem being
investigated. The hypothesis is tested if all the symptoms that arise do not conflict with the
hypothesis. In an effort to prove the hypothesis, researchers can deliberately cause or create a
symptom. This intentional is called experiment or experiment. Hypotheses that have proven
their truth are called theories.

Example:

If you see a black cloud and the sky becomes thick, then one can only conclude
(guessing) based on his experience that (because the sky is cloudy, then ...) it will rain soon.
If it turns out that after a while the rain actually fell, then the allegation proved to be true.
Scientifically, this conjecture is called a hypothesis. But if it does not rain, then the
hypothesis is stated wrong.

Hypothesis comes from Greek: hypo = below; thesis = establishment, opinion is

upheld, certainty. That is, the hypothesis is a scientific term used in the framework of
scientific activities that follow the rules of ordinary thinking, consciously, thoroughly, and
directed. In everyday use of this hypothesis is often also called a hypothesis, there is no
difference in meaning in it.

Hypothesis is a tentative proportion that resolves a problem or answer a scientific The

basic hypothesis or assumption is a temporary answer to a problem that is still presumptive
because it still has to be proven. The alleged answer is a temporary truth, which will be tested
for truth with data collected through research.
 questions. Hypothesis are often expressed with words that indicate their tentative
nature or unproven status. Basically the hypothesis still shows possibility. The build modals
of possibility ( probability ) is must, may, might, could + be.

There are many famous scientists' hypotheses such as Newton's hypothesis of motion
and gravity. some of these hypotheses have now become the laws of physics, such as
Newton's laws of motion.

1. Newton’s First Laws

Every body continues in its state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line,
unless it is compelled to change that state by an external impressed force.

2. Newton’s Second Laws

The rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the
applied force and takes place in the direction in which the force acts.

Let a mass of body m moving with an initial velocity u (x = 0 in the state of rest) is
acted upon by a force f. This force will cause its velocity to change from u to final velocity v
in time t. Then, initial momentum of the body is mu and the final momentum of the body
after time t is mv.

Then the change in momentum in time t would be (mv – mu) = m (v – u) or rate of

change of momentum would be

m (v - u ) = ma .
t

where a = acceleration (rate of change of velocity)  v - u .

t

As per Newton’s second law of motion, rate of change of momentum will be directly
proportional to applied force
Fαma
 F = K ma
where K is constant of proportionality. If the unit of force is defined such as to produce
unit acceleration in a body of unit mass, then
1=K x1x1
Or K = 1
 F=ma
Force = Mass  Acceleration
In SI unit, the unit of force is Newton (N). It’s dimension is (MLT– 2].
3. Newton’s Third Laws
To every action there is always an equal and opposite reaction.

Let us note that action and reaction which always in pairs act on different bodies. If
they acted on the same body, the resultant force would be zero and there could never be
accelerated motion.

Newton’s third law enters significantly into various situation encountered in our
daily life.

The math formula : ΣFAksi = - ΣFReaksi

4. Newton’s Laws Of Gravitation

“Every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other particle of matter with a
force which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance between them.”

M. R. Isaac Newton
Two particles of mass m1 and m2 are attracted towards each other with a force whose
magnitude ‘F’ is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the
square of the distance (r) between them. The magnitude of the force of gravitation is given
by:

F = G m1 m2
r2
Where m1 and m2 are the masses of the two particles, r is distance between the particles
and G is the universal constant, and its value is : 6.67 x 10– 11 N m2 kg– 2.

You must understand that

 The law applies only to the particles or to point masses.

 Gravitational force between two particles is independent of the presence of

other bodies.

 Gravitational force is an action reaction pair.

 The earth exerts the force of gravitation on all bodies on it. The attractive force by
which any object tends to be drawn towards the centre of the earth is called the force of
gravity.
The acceleration of the object is termed the acceleration due to gravity (g), and

g = 9.8 m/s2.

The force of gravity acting on an object of mass is given by

F=mg
And now you can substitution the formula to :

F= GMm
R2
where, M is the mass of the Earth and R, its radius. Equating (1.2) and (1.3), we get the
expression for g :

g= GM
R2

Many scientists who try to study about motion, such as Galileo and Copernicus.
however, from the famous theory that is the theory of Sir Isac Newton who explained the
vertical and horizontal motion. This motion is related to the force acting on an object that is
moving. Basically, there are various types of motion, such as regular straight motion,
irregularly changing straight motion, vertical motion, free fall motion and parabolic motion.

2.2. Summary of book 2

Sir isaac newton is a scientist who came up with a hypothesis about gravity after seeing
an apple fall from a tree and put forward a theory of motion. He stated that an object will
move if given a force. until now Newon is an international force unit. Newton coined three
theories about motion and the forces that are most closely related. Matters relating to force
and motion are:
1. Mass

Mass of an object that is a measure of the inertia of a menda. inertia is the tendency of a
stationary object, and an object that moves to keep moving at a constant speed. for centuries,
physicists have felt the use of using mass as a measure of the amount or quantity of a
substance.

2. Force

Force in general is a form of change. In mechanics, force is what changes the speed of
an object. force is a vector quantity that has magnitude and direction.

3. Dimensional analysis

All mechanical quantities such as acceleration, velocity, force can be expressed in

terms of 3 fundamental dimensions, namely L for length, M for mass and T for time.

Newton's laws.

1. Newton's first law

" An object that is stationary will remain stationary; whereas an object that is moving
will continue to move at a constant speed, except for objects working in an external force
(forces originating from outside) “

2. Newton's second law

Newton's second law is arranged in the form of the concept of momentum. This law
states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the working force, but
inversely proportional to the mass of the object. And the direction of the object's acceleration
is the same as the direction of the resultant force.

3. Newton's third law

"For every force acting on one object, there is an equal, but opposite direction, force on
another object that interacts with the first object. This law is often called the law of action -
the reaction where the direction of the force acting is opposite but has the same magnitude.

4. Universal law of gravity

when the two masses m with gravity interact, they attract each other with the same
force. for point masses (symmetrical bodies in spheres), the tensile forces FG are determined
𝑚𝑚′
by: 𝐹=𝐺 𝑟.𝑟
 CHAPTER III

CONCLUSION

3.1.Conclusion

The basic hypothesis or assumption is a temporary answer to a problem that is still

presumptive because it still has to be proven. The alleged answer is a temporary truth, which
will be tested for truth with data collected through research.

Hypothesis is a tentative proportion that resolves a problem or answer a scientific The

basic hypothesis or assumption is a temporary answer to a problem that is still presumptive
because it still has to be proven. The alleged answer is a temporary truth, which will be tested
for truth with data collected through research.

The summary of the second book states that sir isaac newton is a scientist who put
forward a hypothesis about gravity.

10
 REFERENCE

Poletiek, Fenna.(2001). Hypothesis- Testing Behaviour.Philadelphia: Psychology

Longman, Maskew Miller.(2009). X-Kit Physics. Pinelands: Pearson

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