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如果速率式與多個成份有關,就必須建立不同成份濃度間之關係
=>可透過計量表(stoichiometry table)
此表呈現單一反應中,各反應分子間的計量關係
可知當一定莫耳數的某成份在反應中消失時,會有多少莫耳的
另一成份形成。
For a general reaction

可由計量關係,得到2-1中,各成份的相對反應速率

在建立計量表時,我們以有限反應物成份A為計量基礎

=>各成份皆以”每莫耳A”為基準
接著,推導各反應成份(A, B, C, D)的計量關係,此關係可提供各成份
莫耳數的變化。
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4.1 Batch systems
達成轉化率X後,A的殘存莫耳數為

為了決定各成份在NA0.X莫耳的A反應殘
存莫耳數=> Table 4-1 計量表

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t=t時,成份B在系統中的殘餘莫耳數可由成份A的反應莫耳NA0.X來
計算,因為每一莫耳A反應,就會有b/a莫耳B反應,所以B的反應莫耳
數為

因為B在系統中是消失成份,所以B的變化以負值表示

同理,得Table4-1
因為

代表每莫耳A反應後,系統內莫耳數的增加量。
=>

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4.1.1 Equations for Batch Concentrations
成份A的濃度:

成份B, C及D的濃度,以計量表轉化為轉化率X的表示

If V = V0 =>

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If

=>

=>
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4.2 Flow System
將批式系統計量表中的Nj0改為Fj0 和 Nj改為Fj就是流動系統的計量表

where

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4.2.1
Equation for Concentration on Flow System
Definition of concentration for a flow system

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4.2.2 Liquid Phase Concentration
For liquids, 當無相變化發生總反應過程中,體積變化可忽略
=>
=>

for liquid phase

For gas phase reaction:


體積(V)隨著反應過程中,總莫耳數之變化,溫度與壓力之改變而改變
=> 不能使用eq.4-12, eq.4-13 表示

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4.2.3 Gas Phase Concentration

4 mole of reactions2 mole of products


Ex:internal-combustion engine  batch reactor  體積改變

Flow reactors with variable flow rate.

CT:total concentration
FT:the total molar flow rate
v:the volumetric flow rate
In the gas phase, the total concentration

=>

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At the entrance to the reactor

By eq. 4-14 and 4-15

The concentration of species j for a flow system in terms of its flow


rate, Fj, the temperature, T, and total pressure, P.

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The total molar flow rate

From table 4-2

=>
Dividing by eq.4-19 =>
14
=>

Rearrange eq.4-20
=>

Substituting eq.4-16

=>

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The concentration species j in flow system is

The molar flow rate of species j is

For example

Substituting by eq.4-23 =>

Rearranging =>

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Recall that
=> The stoichiometric table for gas-phase reaction 2-2 is given in
table 4-3.

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Summary

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