A

Project

"A
A STUD
DY ON RAYM
R OND BRAND
B "
Suubmitted to

Univversity off Mumbai for parttial comppletion off the

Deegree of Bachelor in Man
nagemen
nt Studiees

Undder the Faaculty off Commeerce

By
PRASA
AD RAJE
ENDRA DESHM
MUKH
R N:-
Roll

Under the
t Guidaance of
PROF.
SAK
KET COL
LLEGE OF AR
RTS, SCIIENCE AND
A CO
OMMER
RCE
K
KALYAN
N
APRIIL 2019--2020

1
 SAK
KET COL
LLEGE OF AR
RTS, SCIIENCE AND
A CO
OMMER
RCE
K
KALYAN
N
APRIIL 2019--2020

CER
RTIFICA
ATE

This is too certify that

t Ms/ Mr.
M PRA
ASAD RAJENDRA
A DESHM
MUKH has word
ked and duly comppleted herr/his projeect for thee degree of Bacheloor in Manaagement
Studies under
u the Faculty
F off Commerrce and heer/his project is entiitled, “A STUDY
S
OF RAY
YMOND BRAND”
B under myy Supervission.

Naame and Signatu

ure of Gu
uiding Teacher

Date of submiission: _______________

2
 DECLARATION

I, the under signed Miss/Mr PRASAD RAJENDRA DESHMUKH here by, declare that

the work embodied in this project work titled “A STUDY OF RAYMOND BRAND”
,forms my own contribute on to the research work carried out under the guidance is a result of
my own research work and has not been previously submitted to any other University for any
other Degree/Diploma tothis or any other University.

Wherever reference has been made to previous works of others, it has been

Clearly indicated as such and included in the bibliography.

I, here by further declare that all information of this document has been obtained and presented
in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct.

Name and Signature of the learner

Certified by

Name and signature of the Guiding Teacher

3
 DECLARATION

This research project report has been written by me and represents my own
work. This work has not previously been submitted by myself or anyone else.
All sourced information has been properly acknowledged and referenced. I have
maintained and will continue to maintain the confidentiality of any
persons/organisations referred to in this research project report. I permit this
assessment to be copied for academic processes (such as moderation). I have
retained a copy of this research project report electronically.

Signature

Date -

4
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

To list who all have helped me is difficult because they are so numerous and
the depth is so enormous.

I would like to acknowledge the following as being idealistic channels and fresh
dimensions in the completion of this proj ect.

I take this opportunity to thank the University of Mumbai for giving me

chance to do this proj ect.

I would like to thank our Director ( Education) and Principal for providing
the necessary facilities required for completion of this proj ect.

I take this opportunity to thank our Coordinator, for his moral support and
guidance.

I would also like toex press my sincere gratitude towards my proj ect guide whose
guidance and care made the proj ect successful.

I would like to thank my College Library , for having provided

various reference books and magazines related to my project.

Lastly , I would like to thank each and every person who directly or
indirectly helped me in the completion of the proj ect especially my
Parents and Peers who supported me throughout my proj ect.

5
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
I hereby accept the opportunity to study and work on Raymond Limited, its corporate objectives and its
financial statement. I feel obliged, as this will be a great learning experience as to how to prepare research
reports. Since the research report allotted is a major project report, so the study is done on the data
collected from secondary resources, and thus it is based on exploratory research methods and will thus
help to generate a new insight into the problem.

This research will also help to learn and prepare better projects and execute more effective researches in
the near future. For the purpose of analyzing the data collected for this project, the report has been divided
into the following parts:-

Chapter 1 which covers the overview of textile and apparel industry India and the major players
in this industry.

Chapter 2 which covers brief introduction of the Raymond group,i.e, the company profile
followed by the group companies of Raymond, joint ventures, different leading brands,
manufacturing process and the financial report of the company.

Chapter 3 dealing with the research methodology and the research objective

Chapter 4 which includes the swot analysis and findings and suggestions.

Chapter 5 which covers conclusion of topics discussed, recommendations and bibliography.

This is how the following project research has been executed.

6
 CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

7
INtTRODUCTION:-
The Raymond Group was incorporated in 1925 and within a span of few years, transformed from being an
Indian textile major to a global conglomerate.
The Raymond Limited was established in September 1925 to acquire the Woolen Mills in Thane
known as WADIA WOOLEN MILLS; it was managed by E. D. Sassoon & Co. Until November 1944
when the entire share holding was acquired by JAGGILAL KAMALPAT SINGHANIA of Kanpur,
subsequently J. K. Trust Bombay, acted as managing agents. There after the name was changed to
Raymond Woolen Mills Limited.
In late 1994, the “Raymond Woolen Mills” was changed to “Raymond Limited”. Traditional
product lines were discounting. High quality becomes a numbers of watchwords and the diversification
program got head start. Non traditional blends of natural and manmade fabrics were introduced back by
sound research & Development. This resulted in greater consumer satisfaction both at home and abroad.
The idea of J& K was to develop an organization with a diversified product line. Over the year
the organization grew in structure and nature. To facilitate better involvement of the top management in
the organization effort, the J. K. Organization was divided into three zones i.e., Western, Central and
Eastern. The Raymond Limited in Chhindwara is a part of Western zone.

OUR GROUP COMPANIES

RAYMOND BRANDS

RAYMOND: For over 80 years, Raymond is counted as one of the world’s premier manufacturers of
worsted suiting fabric in fine grade wool; in the same league as the finest that Europe has to offer.
Today, the Raymond product range includes pure wools, wool blended with exotic fibers like
camel hair, cashmere and angora and innovative blends of wool with polyester, linen and silk. Offering
suiting and trousering fabric for all occasions and needs.
Our domestic distribution is spread far and wide with more than 30,000 outlets that stock and sell
our wide range of fabrics.
Fine products, wide range, superb distribution and intelligent advertising support have helped the
company gain a dominant share of the market. No wonder, premium labels from the world’s fashion
capitals prefer Raymond.

MANZONI: Manzoni is a luxury lifestyle brand offering the discerning customer a super premium range
of formal wear and sportswear including shirts, suits, trousers, jackets, ties and leather accessories. Our
exclusive designs provide customers the best in contemporary international style and luxury. Each
garment is crafted from the most exotic cotton silk, linen and superfine wool, the best-in-the-world
linings, interlinings and threads sourced from around the globe.

PARK AVENUE: Launched in 1986, Park Avenue is today, India’s most admired formal wear brand. It
offers stylish and innovative wardrobe solutions to gentlemen for all their dressing needs, be it Business,
Evening Leisure, Travel or Heritage Wear. The brand has received several awards. Recently, it had the
honor of being the ‘Most Admired Brand’ at the Lycra Images Fashion Awards 2007 for the third
consecutive year.
Crossing the gender divide, Park Avenue launched ‘Park Avenue Woman’ - a complete range of
Business Wear for women. ‘Park Avenue Woman’ is designed specially for the working women
professionals of today.

COLORPLUS: ColorPlus is one of India’s premium and most respected casual wear brands offering

8
customers a range of shirts, trousers, knits and survival gear. ColorPlus constantly innovating the
processes and technologies which offering the buyers new world of comfort. Some of the technological
innovations it is well known for; include thermo-fused buttons, golf ball wash, soft jeans, wrinkle free
technology, stain-free fabric and the cone dyed technique.
Adding new color now to the woman’s wardrobe, ColorPlus recently launched ColorPlus Woman – An
exclusive range of smart-casual clothing.

Parx: Parx is a ’premium casual lifestyle brand bringing customer a range of stylish semi-formal
and casual cloths that reflects the easy, relaxed attitude of the energetic 22-30 years old. Parx was
launched in 1999 to cater to the smart and fashionable clothing segment.

The subsidiary companies of Raymond Limited are as follows:

 Raymond Apparel Limited

Raymond Apparel Ltd. has in its folio some of the most highly regarded apparel
brands in India – Raymond finally crafted Garments, Monzani, Park Avenue for
men & women, ColorPlus for men & women, Parx, Be: and Zapp! and Notting
Hill.
 ColorPlus Fashion Ltd.
ColorPlus is among the largest smart casual brands in the premium category. The
company was acquired by Raymond to cater to the growing demand for a high
end, casual wear brands in the country for men and women.
 Silver Spark, Apparel Ltd.
.A garmenting facility that manufactures formal suits, trousers and jackets.
Regency Textiles Portuguesa Lda.
A facility set-up in northern Portugal bordering Spain, in Caminha for
manufacturing suits, jackets and trousers.

 EverBlue Apparel Ltd.

A state-of-the-art denim garmenting facility.
 Celebrations Apparel Ltd.
A facility set-up for the manufacture of formal shirts.
 J. K. Files & Tools
A leading player in the Engineering files and tools segment and the largest
producer of steel files in the world.
 Ring Plus Aqua Ltd.
A leading player in the engineering automotive components.
 J. K. Helene Curtis Ltd.
A leading player in the grooming, accessories and toiletries category.
 J. K. Investo Trade (India) Ltd.
JKIT is an investment company registered with Reserve Bank of India as Non-
Banking Financial Company.

9
ZAPP! : The burgeoning children’s wear market has now turned stylish with zapp!- our range of stylish
and fashionable kids wear. The brand brings 4-12 years a wide range of clothes, accessories, bed and
bath line and more. The first zapp! store has been launched in Ahamedabad with ten more on their way
for kids across the country.

NOTTING HILL: Notting Hill reflects style and manifests originality of today’s fashion-conscious and
discerning young professional at an affordable price. The brand collection features a spectrum of men’s
lifestyle product comprising of suits, shirts, trousers, jeans, t-shirts and also accessories like ties,
handkerchiefs and socks.

HOME BE: HOME is a specialty multi brand Home Retail Chain that present elegant, soft home
furnishing & accessories which are sourced from across the globe from reputed labels (private &
international). Spanning from a mid premium pricing range, Be : HOME provides an assortment of quilts,
blankets, robes, apparels, wall decor , vases, candles, gourmet cooking range and much more under one
roof to provide the perfect look for your home.

THE REYMOND SHOP: The Raymond shop is premium retail store offering complete wardrobe
solution for men, which includes top-of-the-line brand Raymond Manzoni, Park Avenue, ColorPlus
and Parx.INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE

Textiles is the largest single industry in India accounting for about 20 per cent of the total industrial
production. It provides direct employment to around 35 million people. Textile and clothing exports
account for about 31.1 per cent of the total value of exports from the country and 19 per cent of the total
share of exports. There are 1,850 textile mills with a spinning capacity of about 37 million spindles.
While yarn is mostly produced in the organised mills, fabrics are produced in the decentralised power
loom and handloom sectors as well. The Indian textile industry continues to be predominantly based on
cotton, with about 65 per cent of raw materials consumed being cotton.

Mill Sector

There are 1850 mills in the country of which 284 are composite mills (where the whole cycle of
production from yarn manufacture, to processing to fabric production takes place) and 1438 spinning
mills. The installed capacity is 37 million spindles, 450,000 rotors and 1,40,000 looms.

There are approximately 1200 medium and large scale textile units in the mill sector and 20 per cent of
these mills are located in Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu).

The De-Centralised Power loom Sector

Decentralised power loom sector is characterised by mechanised production of fabrics but with no yarn
production at the factory. The decentralised power loom sector plays an important role in meeting the
clothing needs of the country by manufacturing varieties of cloth for the masses. It produces 68% of the
total cloth production in the country, as against16% by the hosiery sector, 5% by the mills and 9% by the
handloom sector. The fast growth of the power looms has been due to certain advantages which they have
enjoyed, viz. low wages, low overheads, low requirement of working capital vis-à-vis the composite
mills.

10
There are approximately 165,0000 power looms operating. The concentration and distribution of power
looms has not changed much over the years with Maharashtra, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu dominating the
scene as in the past.

About 75% of the looms operating in the country require modernisation. While 64% of these require
modernisation from scratch, the remaining 36 per cent require modernisation to a lesser extent.

Handloom Sector

The handloom industry is the largest decentralised economic activity providing large-scale rural
employment to nearly 12 million people. It is also the biggest cottage industry after agriculture. The
handloom sector contributes more than 20 per cent of the country’s fabric requirement. The bulk
consumption of the handloom sector is by the domestic market while about 15 per cent of the total
production is exported presently in the form of fabrics and made-ups.

The technology employed in the handloom industry is simple and environment friendly. The loom itself is
operated solely by human metabolic energy and requires space of barely 10 sq metres. The 4 million
handlooms scattered throughout the country involve the efforts of some 15 million men and women
predominantly in the villages.

MAJOR PLAYERS

Some of the major industrialists in textiles are the Mafatlals, the Wadias, the Piramals, Raymond Group,
the Birlas, Lalbhai’s, Kasliwals and Parikhs. Some of the leading mills in India are Arvind Mills for
denim in Ahmedabad, Lakshmi Mills in Coimbatore, Madura Coates and GTN Textiles.

Mafatlals: The Arvind Mafatlal Group’s textiles and apparel business total about U.S. $ 90-100 million
in annual sales. Its flagship company Mafatlal Industries Ltd., has international customers including
Marks and Spencer, Philip Van Heusen, GAP, JC Penney, Klopman, Haam & Al Ghanemi among others
and is one of the largest exporters of fabrics in the country. In the domestic market, it has a distribution
network of 200 plus Mafatlal Family shops spread across the country.

AMG also has garmenting facilities ( in a joint venture with Gruppo La Perla, Italy) and a joint venture
with Burlington Industries, U.S. for a denim manufacturing facility in Navsari, Gujarat.

Wadias: The Wadias own The Bombay Dyeing & Mfg. Co. Ltd., their flagship company, with 5 units
covering spinning, weaving and processing, with production exceeding 300,000 meters of fabrics per day
and a turnover of approximately U.S. $ 90 million. The company which pioneered the export of textiles in
1940 has a unique India-wide distribution network of over 550 exclusive franchised retail shops covering
more than 300 towns. In fact, Bombay Dyeing is one of India’s foremost brands producing sheets, towels,
furnishings, suitings, shirtings and is among the country’s foremost producers of cotton, synthetic fabrics
and readymades.

11
Piramals: The Morarjee Goculdas Spinning & Weaving Company Ltd. ( with a turnover of U.S. $ 60
million) is a Piramal group enterprise – part of the $ 400 million Piramal Enterprises Ltd. Morarjee has
entered into a 50:50 joint venture with Manifattura di Valle Brembana Spa of Italy for manufacturing high
count shirting fabrics. It also has a 50:50 joint venture with Manifattura Castiglioni Spa of Italy for
marketing of home furnishing products . It has also entered into a technical collaboration with Ms/ AG
Cilander of Switzerland for offering different types of finishes for its fine count voiles.

Raymond Ltd: With a capacity of 35 million meters in wool & wool-blended fabrics, Raymond
commands over 60% market share in worsted suiting in India and ranks amongst the first three fully
integrated manufacturers of worsted suiting in the world. We are perhaps the only company in the world
to have a diverse product range of nearly 20,000 design and colours of suiting fabric to suit every age,
occasion and style. We export our products to over 55 countries including USA, Canada, Europe, Japan
and the Middle East.

Birlas: The Aditya Birla group which is India’s third largest industrial house has a major textiles
operation, with its flagship company, Indian Rayons Ltd. producing a range of products from viscose
filament yarn and flax yarns to worsted yarn and fire fighting hosepipes. In fact, the Aditya Birla group is
the world’s largest producer of viscose staple fibre. It is also in the garments business with Madura
Garments in India being a leader in the branded apparel market in India
The Birla compay - Grasim Industries which has a turnover in excess of U.S. $ 100 million is also in the
fibre business. In fabrics, the Birla group has two major brands namely, Grasim and Graviera suitings.
The Aditya Birla group also has textiles mills overseas in Thailand, the Philippines and Indonesia.

The Lalbhais: The Arvind Mills Ltd. is the flagship company of the U.S. $ 550 million Lalbhai group. It
is one of the top ten manufacturers of denim in the world. The group companies include Arvind Products
Ltd., Arvind Worldwide (M) Inc, Mauritius, Arvind Worldwide Inc, U.S.A., Arvind Clothing Ltd. (
which has a collaboration with Cluett International Ltd. of the U.S.), Arvind Fashions Ltd. ( which has a
tie-up with VF Corporation of the U.S.A), and Arvind Overseas (Mauritius) Ltd., Mauritius.

Kasliwals: The S. Kumar Group of the Kasliwals with a turnover of approximately

U.S. $ 200 million is in the business of blended suitings, home textiles, worseted fabrics and
read to wear items. In the uniform and work wear segment, S. Kumars is the dominant brand in
India. The group has a 100 per cent EOU in home textiles and manufactures polyester and wool
blended and 100 per cent worsted fine and superfine fabrics.

Parikhs: The Ashima Group owned by C.N. Parikh with its flagship company, Ashima Ltd. is one of
India’s leading 100 per cent cotton fabric manufacturers. The Ashima Group turnover is U.S. $ 153
million. It has a marketing arrangement with Cone of the U.S.A. With an annual capacity of 65 million
metres of woven and circular knitted cotton fabrics and on account of its qualitative supremacy it
commands a base of discerning customers in more than 45 countries around the world. Its products
include denim, suiting, shirtings, interlining fabrics and circular knitted grey fabrics.

12
 CHAPTER-2

COMPANY
PROFILE

13
The Raymond Group was incorporated in 1925; and within a span of a few years, transformed from being
an Indian textile major to being a global conglomerate.

In our endeavor to keep nurturing quality and leadership, we always choose the path untrodden -
from being the first in 1959 to introduce a polywool blend in India to creating the world's finest
suiting fabric

Today, the Raymond group is vertically and horizontally integrated to provide our customers
total textile solutions. Few companies across the globe have such a diverse product range of
nearly 12,000 varieties of worsted suiting to cater to customers across age groups, occasions and
styles.

We manufacture for the world, the finest fabrics- from wool to wool-blended worsted suiting to
specialty ring denims as well as high value shirting.

After making a mark in textiles, Raymond forayed into garmenting through highly successful
ventures like Silver Spark Apparel Ltd. and Regency Texteis Portuguesa Lda (for fine Tailored
Suits, Trousers and Jackets), EverBlue Apparel Ltd. (Jeanswear) and Celebrations Apparel Ltd.
(Shirts).

We also have some of the most highly respected apparel brands in our portfolio: Raymond,
Manzoni, Park Avenue, ColorPlus, Parx, Be:, Zapp! and Notting Hill.

With a 500 million US$ turnover, we are today one of the largest players in fabrics, designer
wear, denim, cosmetics & toiletries, engineering files & tools, prophylactics and air charter
services in national and international markets. All our plants are ISO certified, leveraging on
cutting-edge technology that adheres to the highest quality parameters while also being
environment friendly.

14
GROUP COMPANIES OF RAYMONDS:

* Raymond Ltd.

Raymond Ltd. is among the largest integrated manufacturers of worsted fabrics in the world.

* Raymond Apparel Ltd.

Raymond Apparel Ltd. has in its folio, some of the most highly regarded apparel brands in India
- Manzoni, Park Avenue, Color Plus, Parx, Be: and Zapp! and Notting Hill.

* ColorPlus Fashions Ltd.

ColorPlus is among the largest smart casual brands in the premium category. The company was
acquired by Raymond to cater to the growing demand for a high end, casual wear brand in the
country.

* Silver Spark Apparel Ltd.

A garmenting facility manufacturing formal suits, trousers and jackets.

* Regency Texteis Portuguesa Lda

A facility set-up in northern Portugal bordering Spain, in Caminha for the manufacturing suits,
jackets and trousers.

* EverBlue Apparel Ltd.

A state-of-the-art denim garmenting facility.

* Celebrations Apparel Ltd.

A facility set-up for the manufacture of formal shirts.

* J.K. Files & Tools

15
A leading player in the engineering files & Tools segment and the largest producer of steel files
in the world.

OUR JOINT VENTURES

* Raymond UCO Denim Pvt. Ltd.

The manufacturers and marketers of denim fabrics.

* Raymond Zambaiti Pvt. Ltd.

A Greenfield facility manufacturing high value cotton shirting.

* Raymond Fedora Pvt. Ltd.

A plant set up to manufacture carded Woollen fabrics and blankets.

* Gas Apparel Pvt. Ltd.

Our Joint venture with Grotto S.p.A will launch the highly successful 'GAS' brand in India.

* J.K. Ansell Ltd.

The manufacturers and marketers of KamaSutra condoms and surgical gloves.

* J.K. Talabot Ltd.

Our Joint venture with MOB Outillage SA, manufacturing files and rasps for international
markets.

16
 DIFFERENT BRANDS

A 100% subsidiary of Raymond Limited, Raymond Apparel Ltd. (RAL) ranks amongst India's
largest and most respected apparel companies. We bring to our customers the best of fabric and
style through some of the country's most prestigious brands- Raymond, Manzoni, Park
Avenue, Color Plus, Parx, Be:, Zapp! And Notting Hill.

The company's Design Studio in Thane is well-equipped with state-of-the-art facilities, which
stimulate and nurture the creative energies of the Design Team.

Their efforts are complimented by a research team, which keeps a close watch on international
fashion forecasts and design trends.

A Design Studio has also been set up in Italy recently, which has further enhanced our reputation
in providing cutting edge design solutions of an international standard

All our brands are available at exclusive brand stores, ‘The Raymond Shop’ retail outlets and multi-brand
outlets across India and the Middle East

Manzoni offers discerning

customers the finest in contemporary
international style and luxury.

* Super Premium & first home

grown Entry level Luxury* The
finest 2ply200s,cottton shirt
launched by Manzoni for the first
time in India.

17
* The product range comprises Of super premium formalwear And sportswear including Suits,
shirts, trousers and High quality accessories such As

-Handcrafted silk ties,

-Pure leather shoes crafted in Europe

- leather belts

Launched in 1986, Park Avenue provides stylish and innovative wardrobe solutions to well-
dressed gentlemen. As India’s premium lifestyle brand, its designs embody the latest in
international fabric, styling, colour and fashion trends. We cater to customer needs with formal
clothing for varied occasions; be it for a day at office, high-powered corporate meetings, family
get-togethers or festive occasions. The shirts, trousers, suits and jackets need little care and
therefore convenient to carry, while traveling..

* Leader in Men’s formal wear

* Awarded Super Brand status in 2006 -07

* Most innovative brand of the year 2006-07

-Shirts made from Bamboo fiber for the first time in India BY Park Avenue in 2006.

-Stain resistant suits for the first time in India by 2006.

18
Set up in 1993, Color Pluss is one of India's
I leadding casual wear brandds. Our shirrts, trousers,
knits, suurvival gearr and accesssories have always mett internation
nal quality sstandards. Today,
Color Plus
P is preseent in over 180 locatio
ons in the Soouth and West
W Asia thhrough exclu
usive storess
and seleect 'The Rayymond Shopp' outlets annd is alreadyy in the process of expanding furth
her.

* Indiaa’s only supper premium

m smart casu
ual brand

* Know for Innovvation and creativity

c

* Therm
mo-fused buttons, Gollf ball washh, Soft jeanns, Wrinklee free technnology, Stainfreee
fabric, cone
c dyed technique.
t

Parx reflects
r the persona of the energettic 22-30 yeear old whoo is aggressiive, outgoinng, dynamicc
and livees his life too the fullest. Parx wass launched iin 1999 to cater
c to the smart and fashionablee
clothingg segment. The brandd affords a wide rannge of shirrts, trouserss, denims, polo’s and
d
outerweear.

* Leadeer in Smart semi formaal wear

* Nomiinated for -Best

- casuaal wear Brannd 2006-07. -Best Advvertising Caampaign”

Be: offfers a widee range off apparel annd accessorries for woomen across categoriees namely -
Womenn’s Westernn wear, Wom
men’s Ethniic wear, Louunge Wear and
a Club w
wear.

19
Be: brings a large collection of designer products to a large audience that is increasingly
becoming aware of designer wear and dreams of possessing one. Affordability, Accessibility and
Acceptability are the three attributes that characterise Be:

Zapp! presents an exciting range of garments and accessories targeted at fashion conscious
young adults between the age group of 4-12 years.

From party wear to casual wear, kids can now choose a different style for each different
occasion.To go with their clothes, kids can also shop for accessories such as footwear, bags, bed
and bath linen.

With our exciting clothes and accessories line complete with a unique and fun experience; we
look forward to redefining the kidswear market in the country

Notting Hill reflects style and manifests originality of today’s fashion-conscious and
discerning young professionals at an affordable price.

Notting Hill was launched in 2007 to cater to the popular price segment. Designed in-house, the
brand collection features a spectrum of men’s lifestyle products comprising of suits, shirts,
trousers, jeans, t-shirts. Notting Hill promises to be an instant hit with the young working
professionals.

. By the end of the first year Notting Hill would be made available across India with over 400
distribution points.

20
 MANUFACTURING PROCESS

INDEX

1. COMBING & TOP DYEING SECTION.

2. SPINNING
3. WEAVING
4. FABRIC DYEING
5. FINISHING
6. DESIGNING DEPARTMENT
7. FOLDING
8. WARE HOUSE
9. QUALITY CONTROL
10. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

21
 1: COMBING & TOP DYEING SECTION

1.1: WOOL PROCESING:

The raw wool is imported from the countries like Australia, New Zealand etc. and for exotic blends;
cashmere & camel hair is produced from India. All the fibres come in staple form of the lengths of 5 to 9
cm.

1.2: BALE OPENING:

 Bale weight: approx. 200 KG.
 Name of the machine: Wiling machine.
The raw wool that is in the bale form is opened manually from the bales and is fed to the Willing
machine. Here initial opening is done with the help of the beaters. Then the material is fed to the scouring
machine that immediately follows this.

1.3: SCOURING:

 Make of the machine: PETRIC MACNAUGHT LTD., ENGLAND.

Raw wool contains natural grease from the animal, along with dirt, dust, burrs, and twigs, hay and other
bits of vegetable matter. Before it can be made into cloth, it must be cleaned by a process of scouring.
Long-tined rakes pull the wool through a series of long tanks filled with mild solution of soda ash or other
alkali and warm, soapy water. The wool floats to the top, while the dirt sinks to the bottom. Between each
tub, the wool is squeezed through rollers to remove grease, dirt and water.
In between these tanks there are squeezing rollers unit which squeeze liquor. The total time for this
machine is 15 min.
 Grease content removed is 30% in the form of grease & short fibres.
 The residual grease content in the fibres after this process is 0.2%-0.5%.
 The moisture content in the fibres after this process is 12-15%.
 Production: 350 Kg/hr.

1.3.1: DRYING: Wool is not allowed to become absolutely dry. Usually, about 12-16% of the
moisture is left in the wool. Here heating coils are used and the total time taken by the process is 15 min.

22
 1.3.2OILING: The fibre is usually treated with 60% wool oil and 40% antistatic agent to keep it
from becoming brittle and avoid any static generation during further processing & to lubricate for
spinning operation.

CHECKLIST FOR WOOL WASHING PROCESS

Quantity of greasy wool in hopper must be full to get optimum output & obtain consistency in feeding.
Speed of inclined lattice should be optimum.
Gauge between inclined lattice & evener roller to be checked.
Level of liquid to be checked & maintained.
Temperature & Squeeze roller pressure to be checked & maintained.

23
Condition of squeezing roller lapping & to see that upper layers of 100 % wool
Flow back process should be kept in operation.
Main & auxiliary fork motion should be jerk less.
Liquid circulation should be checked.
Drying temperature should be checked.
Lattice speed to be checked.
Spraying of antistatic solution.
Blowing should be smooth.
Grease content to be checked.

1.3.4.DEFECTS OF WOOL WASHING

1. Yellowing of fibres.
2. Under scouring.
3. Felting.
4. Burring of fibre.
5. Improper drying.
6. Bad material handling.

24
 1.4 CARDING

1.4.1 GENERAL:-In the manufacture of worsted yarns, carding is essential process as most of
cleaning takes place here.

1.4.2 Objectives:
 Dividing the fibre tufts into smaller ones.
 Partial stretching of the fibres and to orient them in the same direction.
 To remove impurities such as burr, vegetable matter, dust, dirt (heavier than wool).
 To enable blending of various fibres & evening it out.
 Converting random bulk of fibres in to a rope like form called as sliver.

1.4.3 Defects:
 Overlapping of material on doffer.
 Sliver weight variation.
 Thick & thin planes.
 Cut web on doffer.
Make of the machine: BREVETTO BIELLA, ITALY.
Machine: THIBEAU CARDING 2200mm WORKING WIDTH

FOR CARDING 2500mm WORKING WIDTH

Total 7 carding machines are used each having production capacity of 60 Kg per hour.
The waste removed is called ‘Noil’ which is used in the manufacturing of blankets. (This is sent to the
JALGAON unit as a raw material).
 The total waste removed: 1-1.5%.
 Efficiency of the machine: 85%.
 Production 600 Kg of wool & 720 Kg of polyester.

1.4.5 Quality Checks:

It is important to have uniform & constant feeding viz. achieved by
a. Volumetric feed mechanism.
b. Gravimetric feed mechanism.
During carding, the card sliver should have 0.6-0.8% of grease content & 15-18% moisture content.

25
 Sliver wrapping is also checked after 2 hrs.
Setting of machine is also done during every change.

1.5: GILLING:
The carded wool, which is to be made into worsted yarn, is put through gilling operation.

1.5.1 Objectives:
 To straighten the fibres and parallelise the fibres.

 To remove the shorter staple fibres.

 To blend the fibres.

1.5.2 Defects occurring in gilling:

 Inadequate pressure in roller

 Broken pins or improper density

 Faulty fallers

 Improper gilling

Before combing tree passages of gill boxes are used. The density of the pins in the gill boxes goes
on increasing with each passage from 3 pins/cm to 24 pins/cm. 10 slivers are fed to each machine at a
time. After the 3 passages of gill box material is send to the comber.

1.6 COMBING:

1.6.1 OBJECT:

1. To remove short fibres form the material.

2. To remove all vegetable (foreign) matter & neps.
3. to straighten & parallelize the fibre.

Machine:

26
 NSC PB-27/28/29/30
 SMB
 SAN

1.6.2. COMBER CHECKLIST:

1. Keep the M/C clean.

2. Run the M/C with full silver.
3. Feed the can of 3rd gill to comber.
4. Check the noil %.
5. Check the combed silver (evenness).
6. Check cylinder needles (half lap). Top comb, feed comb.
7. Check the aprons.

1.7 CONVERTER:

1.7.1 Object: - The continuous filament tow is fed to a converter & is cut into staple form as per
requirement so that it can be used to spun a staple yarn or a sliver can be used for blending with other
fibres. So the tow is then converted into a staple sliver coiled in can.
Advantages of using converter over preparing sliver by Card are:-
1. In converter fibres are cut at the required length so the length variation in the material is greatly
avoided.
2. Carding is completely eliminated. i.e. no waste & carding cost.
3. Higher production than carding (300-450 kg/hr as against 60 kg/hr)
4. This converter is provided with the gill box, thus more parallelization & straightening of fibres.

Machine: NSC D-65RS

After converter 3 passages of gilling are given for doubling & drafting making sliver more
parallel & even. Final delivery may be either a ball top (for blending) or bump top (for top dyeing).

1.8: POLYESTER PROCESING:

27
The polyester continuous filaments are used as a raw material here. These raw materials are sourced from
various manufacturers like IOCL-Chennai, Reliance etc. of different denier and of different finishes like
sparkle, dull, low pill, semi sparkle etc. here no combing process is given to the polyester, since its length
is uniform. There are two types of the process that can be given to the polyester component. One is carded
polyester sequence and other is converted polyester sequence.

1.8.1:CONVERTED POLYESTER SEQUENCE:

The continuous polyester filaments are fed to the converter machine. This machine can cut the filaments
into required length of 75mm, 88mm or 102mm.Normally 88mm staple length is used.
The material is given three passages of gill box and finally ‘Ball-top’ is produced. Its weight is around 12
Kg. these ball tops are then converted to the bump tops and then they are send for dyeing.
The total production of the machine is 6000 Kg per day.

1.9: COMBING LAB:

In Combing Lab following tests are done:
 Grease content of the raw wool after and before scouring.
 Moisture content test.
 Blend composition of dual blend and tertiary blends.
 Micronaire fineness test.
 Average fibre length test.
 Projection drawing test.
 Uster evenness test. Etc…

1.10 TOP DYEING:-

1.10.1 Sample dyeing:

Before sample to be taken for top dyeing, sample dyeing is done at lab scale
The material after sample dyeing is send to the colour matching on spectrometer. If the shade matches
with the standard sample then the bulk dyeing is done.

28
Introduction:-This is one the most important departments in Raymond’s. Colour, which is very
important in our life as well as in textile industry, is being added here. Though dyeing is an essential and
common department, the method of dyeing that is used here is different. Instead of dyeing the fabrics or
yarns the dyeing is carried out when the material is in sliver form.
Principal:- In this method material is stationary and the dye liquor is moving. Material in the top
form is inserted in the spindles and certain pressure is applied with the help of the pressing machine. Then
with the help of the Crain, carriers are lifted and taken to the machine.
Construction: - Main machine have two vertical cylindrical vessels adjacent to it; one is for the
chemicals i.e. exhausting agents, levelling agents, antistatic agents, soap solution, reduction clearing
chemicals etc. and other is for the dye solution which contains propeller for agitation of the dye liquor.
All dyeing machines are handled by dyeing operators but the working actions of the machines are
controlled from main computer control room.
1.10.2. TOP DYEING LAB:

This is the heart of the department, because peoples working in this department decide the
procedures and the process parameters. Apart from this many other works like, testing various fastness
properties of the dyed material, match the shades, check the purity of the chemicals, and check the
sublimation properties of the disperse dyes, testing the quality of the blends.

1.11: RECOMBING:-

Material from the third gill box is fed to the combing machine. In all 18 combing machines are present
with total production capacity 6000 Kg.

1.12. GILL BOX:

The material coming from recombing machines are given two passages of gill box. Finally the bump top
is prepared and this is send to spinning department for further processing.
FLOW CHART:

29
 GREASY POLYESTER POLYESTER
WOOL

CARDING CONVERTER
DIRECT
BALE
BLENDING
GILLING-1 GILLING-1

SCOURING
GILLING-2 GILLING-2

CARDING
POLY BUMP GILLING-3
TOPS

GILLING-1
BACK WASH
TOP DYEING
GILLING-2
OPENING
GILLING
GILLING-3 HYDROEXTR
ACTER

DEFELTING
GREY R.F DRYER
COMBING
GILLING-1
GILLING-4

GILLING-2
GILLING-5

GILLING-3
WOOL
BUMP TOP
RECOMBING

GILLING-4

FINAL RECOMBED BUMP TOP TO

SPINNING DEPARTMENT GILLING-5

2. SPINNING

30
31
RAYMOND TEXTILE SPINNING PROCESS

FLOW CHART:-

BUMP TOPS FROM RECOMBING

CONDITIONING

GILLING

RUBBING FRAME RUBING FRAME

(FM7N) (FM5P)

RING FRAME

STEAMING

AUTO WINDING

PLY WINDING

TFO

STEAMING

YARN ROOM

32
2.1: CONDITIO
ONING:--
Whhen the tops from
m combingg
depaartment are taken to sppinning dept.
theyy are carried in a trolley and are keptt
for conditioningg. Each trollley contentss
about 200 tops. The cconditioning room is closed and the humidifiers are installedd in it for hum
midification.
The con
nditioning tim
me is 24 to 488 hrs. After conditioning
c the materialls are taken ffor spinning process.
p

2.2: GILLING:
G :-
Here tops arre opened an
nd gilled and
d
doubled forr which 4 passages off
gilling are ggiven. And mass
m per unitt
length is brought un
nder controll
which can bbe fed to roviing frame. In
n
the third paassage, Auto
o leveller iss
used to eliiminate the short term
m
regularities. Then in thee last passagee
Bi coiling or Tri coiliing is done.
There are tw
wo lines. On
ne for coarsee
fibre processsing and th
he other forr
fine fibrre processingg.

2.3.1 ROVING
R :

The sliveer is then cconverted to

o roving by
y
applying draft and number of
o doubling
g
ns to make the materiial uniform.
operation
The basicc operationns that are carried
c heree
are 1) Feeding
F 2) Drafting 3)
3 Rubbing
g
(impartin
ng virtual tw
wist to streengthen thee
strand of
o fiber) and
d 4) Balling
g or canning
g.

33
 Objectives::-
 Drafting
g: - to reducce the weigh
ht per unit length
l of thee sliver
 Twistin
ng: - to impaart twist to the
t roving strand
s
 Windin
ng:-to wind the
t roving onto
o a suitab
ble packagee

2.3.2R
RUBBING
G FRAME
E:
Objectivve:-
* Too convert thee drawn sliveer into a form
m suitable forr
spinnning in ring frame.
Thiss machine gives false tw
wist to the fiibres. In thiss
casee the cohesiive force is developed by giving a
falsee twist by thee action of ruubbing rollerrs

2.44:QUALIT
TY CHEC
CK:
Four bo
obbins from m each mach hine are takeen and checked for U% % and wrappping. For wrrapping 1
meter of
o roving is taken.
t Alonng with this TPM is also checked. By stretchinng the rove between
the two points, it iss required th
hat fiber muust be separated or com
me out withoout applying
g high
tension. This is thee sign as thaat required & optimum twist U% iss between 44.0 – 4.2%
Here thee final rovingg is preparedd.

2.5 RIING FRA

AME
The Rub
bbing framee bobbins orr the roving bobbins aree brought to ring frame dept. and the
t roving iss
m. A draft off 13 to 30 is given and tw
converteed in to yarnn by roller drrafting system wisted materrial is woundd
on a ringg bobbin

2.6 ST
TEAMING
G:-
After rinng frame thee yarn is suubjected to steaming. Highly twistedd yarns are pprone to snaarling duringg
windingg. The snarlinng capacity is
i reduced by
y setting the twist under high pressuure and temperature. Thiss
is achievved by the prrocess of steaaming

34
 MATER
RIAL HAND
DLING:
The supply
s mateerial to sectional warpin
ng are
cheesses or coness, which are taken fromm yarn roomm
as perr requiremeent, which arre carried by
b trolleys
to waarping deparrtment. Afteer the beam is
produuced, the remmaining bobbbins are aggain carried
d
to yarrn room by trolleys andd are store th
here.

2.7 IN
NTRODUC
CTION:
In Raaymond Milll, sizing opeeration is om
mitted, as alll
the yaarns are douubled and haave got a goood abrasion
n
resistancce and are strong
s sufficiiently. To get abrasion resistance wax
w is applieed at warpin
ng. There aree
some annother advanttages of doinng sectional warping,
w whiich are follow
wed here oveer beam warp
ping.
- Space reequired is lesss as compareed to beam warping.
w
- Yarn breeakages can be easily loccated.
- Fancy sttructures likee rib, strips etc.
e can be prroduced in thhe cloth.
2.8 DR
RAWING
G IN:

OBJEC
CTIVE
Warping g is carried out to convvert predeterrmined
packagee such as cone or cheesse into sheett of yarn of
specified length and d width. Inddividual endds in warp
are unifo
formly spaceed across thhe spaced width.
w In
weaving g, it is necesssary to spreead the warrp threads
properlyy in order too get requireed compactn ness of
cloth. Paassing the warp
w yarn thhrough the dents
d of the
reed of appropriate
a count so thhat cloth wo
oven from
warp wiill contain required num mbers of ends effects
this. Alsso passing of
o warp threeads through h drop
wires heeald wires aand the dentt of reed is carried
c out by process known as ddrawing in.

DRAW
WING IN
N OPERAT
TION:
The operation of draawing in is caalled out in following
f maanner…
One opeerative calleed ‘Reacher’ and anotheer one calledd ‘Drawer’ sits at back and front of
o the framee

35
respectively. The reaches takes the bunch of warp threads in his hand, straighten them up and select the
yarn one by one from the one extreme end of loom beam in proper sequence. By this time the drawer
inserts the hook through the corresponding reed dent, heald eyes, front to back. The reacher then hooks
the yarn in the hook and drawer will draw it through healds and reed dent and will knot a bunch of threads
at reed to avoid slipping of threads.

3. WEAVING
WEAVING PROCESS OF RAYMOND TEXTILE
3.1: Flow chart:

YARN ROOM

SECTIONAL WARPING

DRAWING- IN

LOOM SHED

PERCHING

GREY MENDING

IN WEAVING 6000 Kg. of yarn is converted onto 21000 Metres of fabric per day.

36
3.2: WEAVING
W G

Objectivve:-To produuces a fabric of desire construction byy interlacement of warp aand weft yarrn.
Introdu
uction:-In Raaymond Milll, there are two types oof looms, proojectile (SUL
LZER RUTII) and rapierr
looms (rrigid (Dornieer) / flexible (NP)).

About 12000 meterss of linear faabric is produuced per dayy. There are total
t 112 loooms workingg three shifts.
That meeans each looom is prodducing abouut 92 meterss of fabric per
p shift. Thhe number of machiness
accordin
ng to make model
m and looon speed.

This deppartment alsoo has a quallity control section

s wheree day to day quality paraameters of thhe fabrics aree
checkedd and necessaary action arre taken wheenever there is some divversion from
m the norms. This quality
y
control section is linnked with thhe main quaality control department,, which conttrols the oveer all quality
y
checks.

3.3: CHECK R
ROOM:
Check room
r is provvided to cheeck the fabrric structuree and faults in the fabric according g to the
piece ticcket, numbeer of pick arre checked. Two more PPI is tolerrated; otherw wise the fab
bric is not
allowedd to pass furrther. Fabricc widths lesss than 10 mmm of reed length
l are toolerated. Maximum

37
 half /one hour is required to check the sample. Any fault occurred in the sample, the memo is
sent to quality control department.

4. FABRIC DYEING

In this department dyeing is carried out in two forms.

1. Fabric dyeing, also called as piece dyeing.
2. Yarn dyeing. (In both cheese/cone form and beam form).

4.1 Fabric Dyeing:-

Fabric dyeing is carried out in either ‘Rope’ form or in ‘Open width’ form.

4.1.1 Rope form:

Here both piece and liquor are moving. Only in case of jet overflow dyeing liquor is stationary & piece is
moving. There are three types of rope dyeing machine:
a) Jet overflow M/C.
b) Brazzoli overflow dyeing M/C.
c) Dalal overflow dyeing M/C.

4.1.2: Open width form:

a) Beam dyeing:
Here the piece is stationary and the liquor is circulating. The piece which is to be dyed is wound on a
perforated cylinder. Hot water is passed through this cylinder at 70 °C. Then it is covered with cotton
cloth & is clamped with collar plates. This batch is then placed in dyeing. there is In-Out & Out-In flow
of the liquor which is controlled automatically. After dyeing fabric is passed through rope opener.

b) Jigger dyeing:

Jiggers are used for dyeing the terry viscose fabrics, here reactive dyes are used. Before dyeing the pieces
are wound on Let-off rollers then they are passed through the tank containing dyes and then they are
wound on Take-up rollers. For light shades such 2 shades are given while for dark shades 4 cycles are

38
 given.

c) Cheese dyeing:

The cheese dyeing machines are similar to top dyeing machines. Only difference is that here spindles
are used for placing the packages on the carrier, instead of hollow cylinder for placing the top as in case
of top dyeing machine.

Following defects may occur:

1. Uneven dyeing: sometimes patchy dyeing takes place. For this 5-10% levelling is carried out, i.e. piece is
redyed.
2. Draining: if drying process is carried out late, then this effect occurs. There will be lines on the fabric. So
it is passed through hot water at 70 °C.
3. Moiré: slight waviness in the yarn which can be felt by hand. This effect occurs mainly in beam dyeing.
4. Listing: this defect occurs in viscose dyeing i.e. jigger dyeing there will be a band formation near the
selvedge, so 10% levelling is carried out in jigger.
5. Oxidation: this defect also occurs in jigger. If some soap particles remain on the fabric surface, so 5-10%
levelling is done in jigger.
6. Water mark: if the fabric is kept wet for long time then this defect occurs. There is no way of correcting
this fault, so fabric is cut at the section.

4.2.3FINISH MENDING:

Here all types of defects are detected and the fabrics are classified into ‘A’,’B’,’C’,’D’ groups
depending upon the type and the no. of faults occurring in that particular length of fabric.

Here cutting instructions are also given to the folding department by attaching different coloured
tags (yarns) to the selvedge. If the faults are mendable ten they are mended. Carbon tetra chloride is used
for removing stains on the fabric. During the process of mending the length of the fabric is also measured.
The different tags used are:
 White & Blue double thread: fabric to be cut.

39
 Yellow: full lengths piece to be cut
c in multipple of 1.2 metters.
1 meters forr civil.
12
1 meters forr export.
15
 Blue: fabbric to be sennd to the J.K
K Bombay Lttd.,(Garment factory)
 Red: maajor defect.

Flow
w chart civvil order:
Measurring - Foldiing - Cuttin
ng - Selved
dge Stampiing – Weig
ghing - Hannd Rolling - Top end
d
Stampin
ng – Passing
g - Computter entry – Packing
P – Warehouse
W

Flow chart
c export orderr:
Measurring – Tube rolling – Weighing
W – Passing
P – Computer en
ntry – Packaaging - Wareehouse

5. FIN
NISHING
Finishing is one of thee
essential prrocesses to
processing mill,
where all materials
m
are subjected before
they put in the
market.
Finishing givess
following ad
dvantages:
1. Improvedd
appearance - Lustre
2. Improveed feel,
which depeends on thee
handle of th
he fabric and
d
its softness, fullness etc..
3. It im
mproves wearring qualitiess - Ant creasse
4. It giives special properties
p req
quired for paarticular usess - Water prooofing, flamee proofing etcc.
5. It inncreases weigght of the fabbric & sale vaalue of the material.
m
6. It im
mproves natuural attractiveeness & serviceability off the fabric.
Hence, finishing
f is essential
e for a textile goodd before theyy are put on the
t market.

40
 In Raymond there are three dept. of finishing.
1. Wet finishing.
2. Dry finishing.
3. Grey finishing.
Terywool, All wool & Trovin i.e.
Teryviscose fabrics are finished.

.6: DESIGNING DEPARTMENT:

6.1: INTRODUCTION:

The main objective of this department is to produce various designs as per Trends in the market and to
provide sales people the various combinations of designs and blends etc.

There are two ways in which this department has to function:

 The customer sends sample cuttings. This sample is analysed for blend, shade, count, ends/inch,
twist/inch, cover factor, feel, handle etc. if the fabric is available with the mill, and then it is send to the
party for approval. Otherwise various samples are developed with no. of combinations and these are
sending to the customer for their approval.

 The designing department also develops various new designs in different shades and blends, etc. before
this; required information is taken from the production planning department, like availability of yarn etc.,
for bulk production. These new self-developed samples are send to the product department, these samples
are presented to the customers and then the bookings are taken.

41
 1) To attend the international fairs with the sales people and do survey of the market and get the
customers for the company.
2) To make the sample blankets for the sample preparation as per the summer and winter, two times in a
year before the conference. This should be planned before the three months from the conference.
3) If any new fabric order comes, then analyze it and give the details to the sample preparation
department for the sample making and show it to the customer suggested by them and confirm for the
bulk order.
4) Then make the master card and forward it to the production-planning department for the production
planning.

The numbers of shades which will be provided to the customer are predetermined. Any sample which can
not be produced in these predetermined shades are termed a ‘Out of range shade’. Following are the
colour codes given:

Colour name Colour code Colour name Colour code

&G Gold 1 Violet 5
Blue 2 Rust 6
Red 3 Brown 7
Green 4 Black/Grey 8
Mix (Melange) 9

The designing department also caters the needs of exports. A separate section is present for this purpose.

7. FOLDING

The fully finished fabric from the finishing department is being folded in the folding department.
The folding of the fabric is carried out according to the requirements of the civil and export
market. Civil fabrics are folded and export fabrics are rolled on the plastic tube. In folding
department fabrics are cut at yellow tags. Then fabric weight and all the details like length,
width, quality, etc. are written on a flag which is attached to the fabric. Different qualities have
different flags. Then selvedge stamping is done & top end stamping is done as follows:
Name of the company:
Date of manufacturing:
Blend%:
Quality:
Width of the fabric:

42
 These stamping is very necessary as this has been prescribed by the TEXTILE
COMMINESSOR.

Flow chart civil order:

Measuring - Folding - Cutting - Selvedge Stamping – Weighing - Hand Rolling - Top end Stamping
– Passing - Computer entry – Packing – Warehouse

Flow chart export order:

Measuring – Tube rolling – Weighing – Passing – Computer entry – Packaging - Warehouse

8. WAREHOUSESING

The material from the folding comes to the warehouse department for the storing. The material is first
divided into the civil or export or exotic. As per the material, this is kept in the bins as per the quality
wise and shade wise.
The civil and export lots are stored separately. About the exotic lots, they are packed in the well
packing suggested by the customer and stored. Dispatches are made as per the requirement.

Fabric Flaws:
 Where in weft wise flaw run across the pieces, the same will be flagged with a red flag.
 Where a warp wise flaw runs down the piece up to 100 cm, same shall be flagged with a red flag at start
of the flaw.
 Where flaws are minor in nature, they will be flagged with white flag.

9. QUALITY CONTROL & CENTRAL LAB:

There is a centralized Quality Control lab catering to the various departments. Right from the fibres, to
the delivered finished fabric, all these things are maintained to the highest quality standards.

43
 This department is segregated into four sub labs:
 Combing quality control lab.
 Spinning quality control lab.
 Weaving quality control lab.
 Dyeing and finished quality control lab.

In the central lab, along with the regular mill products, the out side yarns are tested for twist, count,
strength, blends etc. the development fabric samples and out side fabric are tested. Also the samples of
J.K Bombay, J.K. Investors are tested here.

The following parameters are tested for different products.

FIBRE:
Fibre diameter (micronair), oïl content, neps, vegetable matters, moisture etc.

YARN :
Count, strength, twist (single yarn & piled yarn), blend, evenness testing etc.

FABRIC:
Construction, (EPI, PPI, Count), width, weight/sq.mts, partial wear, pilling, seam slippage, shrinkage etc.,
water fastness, dry cleaning fastness, abrasion, blend, tensile strength, crease recovery, rubbing fastness
etc.

LEGEND

 1: TEST IS ONLY FOR INFORMATION PURPOSE

 2: TEST NOT APPLICABLE
 3: TEST IF REQUIRED BY CUSTOMER
 4: TEST REPORT APPROVAL IS ESSENTIAL BEFORE DESPATCH
 5: SINGLE WEFT QUALITIES & FOR DEVELOPMENT SAMPLES
 6: TEST REPORTS TO IDENTIFY DEFICIENCES & REPORT IMMEDIATELY

10. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

44
 10.1 FUNCTION:

A number of tests are required to be carried out for the raw material or chemical that is used in the
industry. There are some standards for the raw material and chemical e.g. purity, solid content, pH,
fastness, performance, Density etc. These tests are carried out in R & D by collecting the sample from
various depts. and are compared with ISO norms set and the remark is given about the test, which is to be
followed by the respective department.

10.2 SAMPLING PLAN

 Sample collected from : Store

 Frequency of collection: One sample is tested from each lot.
 Sample tested by : Lab assistant (R&D)
 Result reported to : Manager (R&D)
 Action taken by : Manager (R&D)

R & D of Textile Division continues to develop new products & finishes for the market. All
Wool, light weight, fine count suiting based on Superfine 200’s wool was produced during 2003.
Machine washable 100% wool fabric has been developed.

45
 FINANCIAL REPORT
BALANCE SHEET AS ON 31 MARCH 2009

Schedule Amount Amount

No. (in Lacs) (in Lacs)

1.SOURCES OF FUNDS:

Shareholders’ Funds:
Share Capital 1 6138.08

Reserve and Surplus 2 129477.86 135615.94

3
Loan Funds:
56686.05
Secured Loan
22074.96 78761.01
Unsecured Loan

5587.73
Deferred Tax Liability
219964.68
Total

2. APPLICATION OF FUNDS:

4
Fixed Assets: 123003.48
a)Gross Block 55397.84
b)Less: Depreciation 67605.64
c)Net Block 8568.51 76174.15
d)Capital Work in Progress
5 98447.50

Investment
6
28366.36
Current Assets, Loan & Advance
26877.07
a)Inventories
2561.40

46
b)Sundry Debtors 2969.90
c)Cash & Bank Balance 21715.86
d)Other Current Assets 82490.59
e)Loans & Advance 7
29083.90
D. Less: Current Liabilities & Provision 8063.66
a)Liabilities 37147.56
b)Provision 45343.03
219964.68
Net Current Assets (C-D)
Total

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 AMOUNT AMOUNT
INCOME:
Sales , Services & Incentive 8 129962.75
LESS: Excise Duties 1543.40
128419.35
Other income 9 9077.82
137497.17

EXPENDITURES:
Material costs 10 37737.82
Manufacturing costs 11 27099.12
Increase/decrease in finished & process stock 12 791.45
Employment costs 13 22558.39
Administrative, selling & general expense 14 26113.63
Finance charge 15 4711.91
Depreciation 6305.51
125317.83

Less: trial run expenditure capitalized 51.04

Finished &process stock transferred on
divestment of business 3468.26

PROFIT FOR THE YEAR BEFORE 121798.53

EXCEPTIONAL ITEMS: 15172.47
CONTINUING OPERATIONS 526.17

DIVESTED DENIM BUSINESS 15698.64

8809.32

ADD:SURPLUS ON DIVESTMENT OF DENIM 684.68

BUSINESS
LESS:OTHERS

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PROFIT FOR THE YEAR BEFORE TAX 23823.28
Current tax 4210.00

Less: deferred tax 815.00

Fringe benefit 275.00

28.00
Wealth tax
3698.00
20125.28
PROFIT FOR THE YEAR AFTER THE TAX

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 SCHEDULE NO. 1
SHARE CAPITAL

Authorized:
(10, 0000000 equity share of Rs 10 each) 1000.00
Issued and Subscribed: 6138.08
(6, 13, 80,853 equity share of Rs 10 each fully paid up)

SCHEDULE NO. 2
RESERVES AND SURPLUS

A. Securities premium account 14778.55

B. Capital redemption reserve 1371.01
C. Debenture redemption reserve 1450.00
D. General reserve 83989.5 E. Profit and
loss account 27888.77

Total reserve and surplus 129477.86

SCHEDULE NO. 3
LOAN FUNDS
a) Secured loan 56686.05
b) Unsecured Loan 22074.96
Total loan funds 78761.01

SCHEDULE NO 5
INVESTMENT ( AT COST/BOOK VALUE)

Long Term Investment 75311.99

Current Investment 23135.51
TOTAL INVESTMENT 98447.50

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 SCHEDULE NO 6 -
CURRENT ASSETS, LOANS AND ADVANCE

a) INVENTORIES
Loose tools 84.75
Stores & spare parts 1561.50
Stock-in-trade :
Raw Material 4475.97
Goods in process 8673.34
Finished goods 9007.19 22156.5
Merchanting goods 2714.92
Goods in transit 1848.69
TOTAL 28366.3

b) SUNDRY DEBTORS:
Debts 1899.76
Other debts 24977.31
TOTAL 26877.07

c) CASH AND BANK BALANCE:

Cash in hand 709.22
Balance with scheduled Bank 1837.34
Balance with Non scheduled Bank 14.84
TOTAL 2561.40

d) OTHER CURRENT ASSETS:

Export incentive receivable 412.75
Dividend and interest 1798.92
Claims & other receivables 758.23

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 TOTAL 2969.90

e) LOANS & ADVANCE: 21715.86

TOTAL PER BALANCE SHEET 82490.59

SCHEDULED NO 7
CURRENT LIABILITIES AND PROVISION

A) CURRENT LIABILITIES
Remuneration to the directors 17722.89
Advance against sales 771.64
Due to subsidiary companies 1007.15
Deposits from dealers 5600.62
Overdrawn bank balance 1815.07
Other liability 2017.25
Interest accrued but not due 149.28
TOTAL 29083.90

B) PROVISIONS :
For proposed dividend 3069.04
For tax on proposed dividend 521.58
For taxation 468.44
For fringe benefit 2.58
For retirement benefit 2912.71
For excise duties 223.02
Others 866.29
TOTAL 8063.66

TOTAL (A+B) 37147.56

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 RATIO ANALYSIS: BALANCE SHEET RATIO OR FINANCIAL
MANAGEMENT RATIO

Current Ratio = Current Assets

Current Liabilities

Year 2009 = 82490.59 = 2.22:1

37147.54
Year 2008 = 77011.19 = 2.33:1
32998.18
Year 2007 = 65501.32 = 2.60:1
25109.78

Note: Generally, the ratio 2:1 is considered satisfactory. So here is no worry about the

Current Ratio:-

Proprietary Ratio = Proprietors Fund or Equities

Fixed Assets +Current Assets

Year 2009 135615.94 = 0.85 or 85.47%

158664.74
Year 2008 118994.53 = 0.73 or 73.67%
161523
Year 2007 110393.53 = 0.88 or 88.48%
124755.98
Note: This mean that out of every rupee of assets employed in the business, 85 paisa in 2009, 73 paisa in 
2006  and  88  paisa  in  2005  contributed  by  the  proprietors  and  remaining  contributes  by  the  outsider 
creditors 

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 CHAPTER-3
PURPOSE AND
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY

54
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

It refers to the method adopted to collect the relevant data and other information, which forms

the basis of the this writing. So far the effective writing of the report, the data must be quality

oriented. My research is divided into these stages

STAGE I: Data Source

All the data collected by me is secondary in nature. Raymond’s websites provides me their product details

which helps me in making product analysis, company profile of Raymond and the financial statement for

the current year.

The secondary data sources that is being utilized in this project are as follows-.

 The ads in The Times of India.

 Website material on Wikipedia, Raymond’s website (www.raymondindia.com).

 Business magazines.

STAGE II: Analysis

In this stage all the data is analyzed and the report is being written. Material collected from various

sources is first arranged and then by consulting the project guide this data is used to prepare report. The

data which is secondary in this report study for the company profile

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 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE

What is Research Objective?

No research is useful if it does not have any research objective. Research objective tells the researcher as
for what kind of information or results, the research has to be carried out. Without the research objective
the researcher will not be able to carry out research and if he performs the research objective it will not be
of any use.

The main emphasis of the study is microanalysis of Raymond ltd which,

with over 60% share in India, is the largest integrated

manufacturer of worsted fabric in the world.

This study will conclude following objectives: -

 To study Raymond group’s evolution & why it is so successful.

 To study the Production Function & management of the company with other organizational

functions like, finance function, marketing function, human resource function.

 To discuss the future plans, the financial report and Raymond’s strength as a business

organization.

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CHAPTER-4

FINDINGS
AND
ANALYSIS

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 SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGHTS

The strengths Raymond Group are as follows:

 Company’s name Raymond signifies the quality image high standard and quality product.
 Loyalty from customers is also the major strength for the company.
 Employees are also loyal due to the decentralized culture of company.
 People trust on products due to the proper health and safety measures.
 Being a multinational company it has the capability to attract more customer than the
local companies.
 Company has the ability to compete in a dynamic environment.
 Company always adapts the new technology.

WEAKNESSES

The weaknesses are as follows:

 There is not much margins for retailers to prefer it’s sales.

 The distribution cost is high as compared to the competition in the local market.
 Company mostly advertises suitings, advertisement is not so better.

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OPPORTUNITIES

The opportunities are as follows:

 Post-2005 challenges, a huge opportunity that needs to be capitalised. Global Trade is expected
to be triple from the current USD 305 Bn to USD 856 Bn.
 The company needs to increase focus on product development like new specialized fabric like
Smart Fabrics, Specialized treatments etc..

THREATS

The Threats are as follows:

 Almost all the major players in the industry are competing with each other not only on the basis
of lower prices but also on better quality..
 Increasing Social and Ecological awareness is likely to result in increased pressure on the
company to follow international labour and environmental laws.
 Regional Trade Alliances

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 CHAPTER-5

CONCLUSION
&
RECOMMENDATIONS

72
 CONCLUSION

A leader in the premium fabric market, Raymond is emerging as a garment player to reckon with. Its wide
presence in the export market makes it a strong contender in the race to gain global market share in
clothing.

Premium garments to provide avenues for growth. INVESTORS can hold the stock of Raymond. the
company's long-term growth prospects remain unaffected.

The company continues to enjoy a leadership position in the worsted fabric market. It has also
gained a dominant presence in the domestic market for high-end garments. Having made inroads
in the export market, Raymond is better placed to cater to the demand from such markets.

Raymond Ltd having the good human resource. The entire employees in the
company are well trained and qualified in to the work. All the departments are well
established and fulfill the need of the employee. So the work environment is very
good.
The company is doing well in the market but have to improve the quality of
the product. The machinery used in production is also not so updated. If company
will improve in the all mentioned sector the sell of the company will increase and
the company will achieve the top rank in the competition

Raymond Ltd is one of the leading multinational companies in India. This

company produces fabrics. This company has the large share of the market. It is
having more turn over comparing then other fabric companies in India. The
company Raymond have the main competitors are not the Indian they are also the
multinational companies but they are not the Indian company.

The Raymond in Chindwara is mainly produces the fabrics . The

production is done on the basics of marketing requirement. The requirement and
the other information is gathered by the Marketing department this requirement is
send to the P.P.C. Department and this department makes the production plane for
the month and gives to the Production Department and fabric are made and
distributed in the marke

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 RECOMMENDATIONS

The observation which we came across in the company while visiting the manufacturing unit was that the
company what maintained properly and work in progress was proceeding very smoothly. The machinery
were kept in proper way i.e. assembly line was maintained so that wip can be minimized. All the waste
material was collected in dustbins and those waste materials are also utilized in different ways.
We observed that workers were properly trained from time to time. So due to proper training they have
became skilled. The flooring was maintained and their was facility of drinking water for lab ours.
in short the company provides comfort to their workers.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

 INTERNET:-
 http://www.bing.com/search?FORM=DNSAS&q=www.raymondindia.com
 http://www.google.co.in/
 http://www.raymondindia.com/grp.asp
 http://m.in.yahoo.com/?p=us

 RAYMOND COMPANY { managers and staff }

1. Mr. Ashok Khedekar
2. Mr. Mishra

 BERI G.C., MARKETING RESEARCH, NEW DELHI, TATA MCGRAW HILL PUBLISHING
COMPANY LIMITED, EDITING 2005, 11TH REPRINT.

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