Agni College of Technology

Department of ECE
EMF Possible Questions –IAT 2
Part A
Important Laws:
1. State Gauss law.
Gauss’s law asserts that the total outward flux of the field over any closed surface in free space is
̅ . 𝑑𝑠 = 𝑄𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑
equal to the total charge enclosed.𝜑 = ∫ 𝐷
2. State Ampere circuital law.
The line integral of the tangential component of H around the closed path is the same as the net
̅ . 𝑑𝑙 ̅ = 𝐼𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑
current enclosed in the path .∮ 𝐻

3. What is meant by Biot Savart’s law?

4. State Uniqueness theorem.

If a solution of Poisson’s equation (of which Laplace’s equation is the special case) that
satisfies the given boundary conditions, then the solution is unique. This statement is
called Uniqueness Theorem.
5. State Method of Images:
The image theory states that a given charge configuration above an infinite grounded
perfect conducting plane may be replaced by the charge configuration itself, its image
and an equi-potential surface in plane of the conducting plane. The expression is Q=-Q

Important Final Expressions:

1. Write down the potential due to an electrical dipole.
𝑄𝑑𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
Potential due to electric dipole is 𝑉 =
4𝜋𝜀0𝑟2
2. Write the equation of continuity.
𝑑𝑄
The continuity equation is given as 𝐼 = ∯ 𝐽.̅ 𝑑𝑠 = −
𝑑𝑡
𝜕𝜌𝑣
Point form is ∇. 𝐽 ̅ = −
𝜕𝑡
3. Write the expression for energy stored in electrostatic field in terms of field
quantities.
1
̅̅̅̅2 𝑑𝑣
The energy stored in electrostatic field is given by 𝑊𝑡 = − ∫ 𝜖𝐸
2
 𝑑𝑊𝑡 1
The electrostatic energy density is 𝑊𝑡 = = ̅ 𝐸̅
𝑑𝑣 2𝐷
4. Write Poisson’s and Laplace’s Equations.
We know that ∇. 𝐷 ̅ = −𝜌𝑣 is the Maxwell’s first equation
where 𝐷̅ is the electric flux density.
Also, we know that the relation between 𝐷 ̅ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐸̅ is𝐷
̅ = 𝜀𝐸̅ ,
̅ ̅
Therefore, ∇. 𝜀𝐸 = −𝜌𝑣 ; ∇. 𝐸 = −𝜌𝑣 /𝜀
The electric field intensity 𝐸 is related to potential as𝐸̅ = ∇. 𝑉.
𝝆𝒗
𝛁. 𝛁. 𝑽 = 𝛁 𝟐 𝑽 = −
𝜺
This equation is known as Poisson’s equation.
If the volume charge density 𝜌𝑣 is zero ,then𝛁 𝟐 𝑽 = 𝟎,then the equation is known as
Laplace’s equation.
5. Write the expressions for the capacitance of parallel plate ,Coaxial Cable and
Spherical Capacitor.
𝜀0 𝜀𝑟 𝐴
For parallel plates 𝐶 = 𝑓𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝑑

2𝜋𝜀𝑙
For coaxial cable 𝐶 = 𝑏 𝐹𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑑
ln[ ]
𝑎
4𝜋𝜀
For spherical capacitor 𝐶 = 1 1 𝐹𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑑
[ − ]
𝑎 𝑏

Part B
1. State Gauss law .Derive and explain all the applications of Gauss law.
2. Derive the expressions for magnetic field intensity and magnetic flux density due to finite
and infinite line carrying a current I using Biot-Savart law.
3. Obtain the expressions of Capacitance of the (i) Parallel Plate Capacitor (ii) Cylindrical
or coaxial capacitor (iii) Spherical capacitor
4. Obtain the Boundary conditions between (i) Two perfect Dielectrics (ii) Conductor –
Dielectric (iii) Conductor – free spaces.
5. Find the electric field intensity at a point P located at (0,0,h) m due to charge of surface
charge density σ C/m2 uniformly distributed over the circular disc r ≤ a, z = 0m.
6. Derive the expression for continuity equation and Derive Poisson and Laplace’s equation.
Write down the general procedure for solving Poisson’s and Laplace’s equation.
7. Define the potential difference and electric field. Give the relation between potential and
field intensity. Also derive an expression for potential due to infinite uniformly charged
line and also derive potential due to electric dipole.
Problems
1. Solve the Laplace’s equation for the potential field in the homogenous region between
the two concentric conducting spheres with radius ‘a’ and ‘b’ where b>a. V=0 at r=b and
V=V0 at r=a. find the C between two concentric spheres.
 2. Two extensive homogeneous isotropic dielectrics meet on plane z=0. For z ≥ 0,  r1 =4
E1  5a x  2a y  3a z
and for z ≤ 0,  r 2 =3. A uniform electric field kV/m exists
for z ≥ 0. Find

(i) E 2 for z ≤ 0.(ii) The angles E1 and E2 make with the interface.(iii) The energy densities in
J/m3 in both dielectrics.(iv) The energy within a cube of side 2 m centered at (3, 4,-5).
3. Two electrodes are connected to the pump, one is maintained at a potential V0, while the
other is grounded. The region between the electrodes contains a uniform charge ρ0 which
is generated by the electrode located at the bottom and is collected by that placed at the
top. A force is transmitted by the charges in the electric field. If ρ 0= 20 mC/m3 and
potential V0=20KV determine the pressure of the pump.

4. Determine the capacitance of each of the capacitors in fig. Take  r1  4 ,  r 2  6 , d= 5

mm, S= 30 cm2.

5. A parallel plate capacitor has conducting plates of area equal to 0.04 m2. The plates are
separated by a dielectric material whose  r  2 with the plate separation of 1 cm. find its
capacitance value, the charge on the plate when a potential difference of 10 V is applied
and the energy stored.
6. A cylindrical capacitor has radii 1= 1 cm and b=2.5 cm. If the space between the plates is
10  
r 
filled with an homogeneous dielectric with  , where  is in centimeters, find
the capacitance per meter of the capacitor.
7. A wire of dia 1 mm and conductivity 5x107 S/m has 1029 free electrons/m3 when an E
field of 10 mV/m is applied. Find the charge density of free electrons, current density and
current in the wire.
8. The capacitance of the conductor formed by the two parallel metals sheets, each 100cm2,
in area separated by a dielectric 2 mm thick is 2x10-10 micro farad. A potential of 20kv is
applied to it. Find (i) Electric flux. (ii) Potential gradient (iii) The relative permittivity of
materials (iv) Electric flux density.
9. If two parallel plates of area 4 m2 are separated by a distance 6mm, find the capacitance
between these 2 plates, If a rubber sheet of 4 mm thick with  r  2.4 is introduced in
between the plates. Find the capacitance
10.Determine whether or not the following potential field satisfies the Laplace’s equation.
U   2 z cos 2 ; W  10r sin 2  cos 
11. A point charge +2 nC is located at the origin. What is the value of potential at P(1,0,0)m?
1 2
12. If𝐽 = 𝑟 3 (2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑎
̅̅̅𝑟 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑎
̅̅̅)𝐴/𝑚
𝜃 ,Calculate the current passing through a
hemispherical shell of radius 20 cm.
13. Two point charges 1.5 nC at (0, 0, 0.1) and -1.5nc at (0, 0,-0.1) are in free space. Treat
the two charges as dipole at the origin and find potential at point P (0.3, 0, 0.4).