00 Substation-Automation PDF

Substation Automation
Introduction into the

State-of-the-art and
Trends for the future
© ABB University Switzerland 1
Klaus-peter.brand@ch.abb.com
The parts of the Seminar Presentation
1. Substation Automation:
Introduction into the state-of-the-art and trends
for the future
2. Introduction to IEC 61850*
3. The standard IEC 61850 is easy and powerful:

Approach and impact*
4. The standard IEC 61850 is ready:

Activities and projects*

klaus-peter.brand@ch.abb.com
*)Modified parts from the IEC 61850 Tutorial

CIGRE B5 Colloquium, Sydney, September 2003
Sources for Substation Automation Knowhow
Brand, Lohmann, Wimmer

Substation Automation Handbook
(published 2003)
IEC 61850
Communication networks and systems in substations
especially part
IEC 61850-5
Communication requirements for functions and device models
(published 2003)
CIGRE WB B5-7
The automation of new and existing substations: why and how
(to be published 2003 by CIGRE, Paris)

Substation Control and Protection hardwired …
Control Center HM
I
RTU
Long time ago …
Interlockin
g logic
Cu wires
Protect- Protect Protec Protect

ion A -ion B t-ion A -ion B
Cu wires
Conventional Conventional Conventional Conventional

Switchgear CT / VT's Switchgear CT / VT's
Substation Automation with Station Bus today …
• Depending on supplier, the SU and the HMI may be combined in one PC

• Depending on availability, the SU and the ComU (to NCC) may be combined in
one device
Substation Automation with Station Bus and Star Coupler
Control Center HMI Engineering/
Monitoring
Router
Example ABB LON i.e. Ethernet type bus (1.25 Mbit/s)

optical LON bus with peer-to-peer communication,
with e.g. for interlocking and
Star Coupler time synchronization
Bay Relay Relay Bay Relay Relay

Controller A B Controller A B
Conventional Conventional Conventional Conventional

Switchgear CT / VT's Switchgear CT / VT's
Substation Automation with Process Bus tomorrow …
• Some few proprietary process bus solutions are in operation

• The acceptanceFigure
will3-2
beTypical
increased
structure by the standard
of tomorrow’s IEC
automated 61850
substation
Summary : Trend in Substation Automation Structure
Conventional Today's SCS Tomorrow’s SCSLocation

MMI + control board MMI MMI
Operating
Room
Gateway Gateway
event recording copper

protection cables
Relay
SCADA Room
distribution metering
serial data link serial data link
(glass fiber) (glass fiber)
to other bays to other bays

copper cables
Switch
GIS GIS GIS Yard
bay cubicle bay cubicle bay cubicle sensors and actuators

copper cables copper cables serial data link (glass fiber)
Substation Automation with a first standard …
• The SA system is delivered from one supplier with a proprietary bus

• To allow the connection of another protection supplier, especially for main 2,
the standard IEC 60870-5-103 (informative interface was introduced 1996)
SU HMI SU - Station Unit

ComU- Communication Unit
ComU
IEC 60870-5-103
SB
PU CU PU CU
CT 1A/5A CT 1A/5A
VT 100V VT 100V
CT
CT
SG VT SG
VT
BAY 1 BAY 2
Substation Automation decentralized and centralized …
• The HV part is communication via serial busses only
• The MV part is hardwired to a traditional RTU
HV part of Substation MV part of Substation

SU HMI
ComU
SB RTU
PU CU
PB
CT CT CT
VT SG VT SG VT SG
Communication protocols and wires mixed …
• There are many proprietary solutions on the market but no standard
• The standard IEC 61850 will replace all
Figure 8-1 Inside substations a variety of communication standards are
used
What do the users (utilities) want:
• Sticking to many existing protocols ?
• Having one common (global) standard ?

Endless number of communication protocols …
Figure 8-2 Outside substations a variety of communication standards are

used

Restriction of communication protocols outside …
95 TR Market
IEC 61970 EMS IEC 621 Participant
EC, EDI Control
ISO 9735 Centre 2
Server
IEC 61968 DMS IEC 60870-6 (TASE.2),
Control Centre 1 DNP3, IEC 60870-5-104
IEC 60870-5-104, IEC 60870-5-104,
IEC 60870-5-101, DNP3
DNP3
IEC 62210
Power
IE
IE C
IEC 60870-5-104,
C
IE C 61 10 Plant
60
IEC 60870-5-101, 62 0 7
87
56
0 -5
Substation DNP3
-1 0
2
IEC 61850
Distribution,
Customer:
Metering
Billing
Substation

Standard for communication protocols outside …
Figure 8-4 Possible trend in the far future

What is the role of a substation?
Substation
• Node in the power system routing energy,

transforming and keeping voltages, etc.
• Access point to the power system by

sensors and actors
What is the role of a substation automation system ?
Substation Automation System
• Providing all means for accessing the power system

locally and from remote, i.e. source for all data and
sink for all commands and other actions
• Sharing tasks with the network control system

for overall power system management
• Sharing tasks with the network monitoring system

for overall asset management

Functions today and tomorrow
Supporting the power system management
• Real-time analysis and network stability
• Wide-area protection
• Performing of delegated automatic functions, i.e. load shedding, local state-
estimation
Control (SCADA)
• Operating the power system
Today
Protection
• Limiting power system faults and protection of people Tomorrow
and equipment
Monitoring
• Providing status of substation automation system
Monitoring of primary system

• Connecting and processing unconventional sensors and actors

• Exploiting the limits of power system components in a reasonable way
• Supporting asset management
Functions in Substation Automation
Function groups*)
• HMI and related station level functions

Accessing the system
• Operational or control functions
Operating and supervising the system
• Monitoring and metering functions
Process/status data from the primary and secondary process/system
• Local process automation functions
Perform local decisions without human interference
• Distributed automatic support functions
Using global data for local decisions

• System support functions
Maintaining a reliable and synchronized system
*) according to IEC 61850-5

HMI and related station level functions
Accessing the system
• Access control & access security management

access authority and logging
• Operators access to the system
control, parameter switching, data retrieval
• Display of data and information
single line, alarm list, measurands
• Storage of data in the station computer
historical data, disturbance files
• Log management
archiving, sorting, etc

Operational or control functions
Operating and supervising the system
• Operational control
switching devices, tap changer, LV devices
• Indication handling
switchgear position, etc.
• Event (SER) and alarm handling
recording, logging
acknowledgement (for alarms only)
• Parameter setting and parameter set switching
protection, ARC on/off, ITL override, etc.

• Data retrieval
setting, parameters, disturbance records, etc.

Monitoring and metering functions
Process/status data from the process/system
• Metering
revenue metering, operative measuring
calculation of U, I, P, Q, f, ϕ
• Power equipment and system monitoring
switchgear and transformer load
power quality
• Disturbance recording
Fault recording and fault location

Local process automation functions
Perform local decisions without human interference
• Protection
line, transformer, busbar, generator
level, impedance, differential protection
zero voltage protection
fault location
• Automatics
local synchrocheck and autoreclosure
• Bay interlocking
blocking and release of

circuit breakers, isolators, and earthing switches

Distributed automatic support functions
Using global data for local decisions
• Station interlocking
busbar coupler, busbar isolator,
busbar earthing switch
• Distributed synchrocheck
distributed synchrocheck
• Synchronized switching
point on wave switching
• Automatic switching sequences
line on/off, busbar change, infeed switch-over

• Load shedding and restoration

criteria: frequency, load, priorities

System support functions
Maintaining a reliable, synchronized and
communicating system
• System supervision
self-supervision, alarm generation, etc.
• Configuration management
configuration setting
down-/up-loading of configuration files, etc.
• Time synchronization
time reception (GPS, DCF77) and distribution
(tagging of events 1 ms, phasors 25 µs)
• Communication
inside the substation

outside the substation to NCC,

maintenance centers, administration system

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Substation Automation

Introduction into the

2. Introduction to IEC 61850*

3. The standard IEC 61850 is easy and powerful:

4. The standard IEC 61850 is ready:

Activities and projects*

*)Modified parts from the IEC 61850 Tutorial

Brand, Lohmann, Wimmer

(to be published 2003 by CIGRE, Paris)

Protect- Protect Protec Protect

Conventional Conventional Conventional Conventional

• Depending on supplier, the SU and the HMI may be combined in one PC

Example ABB LON i.e. Ethernet type bus (1.25 Mbit/s)

Bay Relay Relay Bay Relay Relay

Conventional Conventional Conventional Conventional

• Some few proprietary process bus solutions are in operation

Conventional Today's SCS Tomorrow’s SCSLocation

event recording copper

to other bays to other bays

bay cubicle bay cubicle bay cubicle sensors and actuators

• The SA system is delivered from one supplier with a proprietary bus

SU HMI SU - Station Unit

HV part of Substation MV part of Substation

What do the users (utilities) want:

• Sticking to many existing protocols ?

• Having one common (global) standard ?

Figure 8-2 Outside substations a variety of communication standards are

What do the users (utilities) want:

• Sticking to many existing protocols ?

• Having one common (global) standard ?

What do the users (utilities) want:

• Sticking to many existing protocols ?

• Having one common (global) standard ?

Figure 8-4 Possible trend in the far future

• Node in the power system routing energy,

• Access point to the power system by

Substation Automation System

• Providing all means for accessing the power system

• Sharing tasks with the network control system

• Sharing tasks with the network monitoring system

for overall asset management

Monitoring of primary system

• Connecting and processing unconventional sensors and actors

• HMI and related station level functions

Using global data for local decisions

Maintaining a reliable and synchronized system

*) according to IEC 61850-5

Accessing the system

• Access control & access security management

archiving, sorting, etc

Operating and supervising the system

protection, ARC on/off, ITL override, etc.

setting, parameters, disturbance records, etc.

Process/status data from the process/system

Fault recording and fault location

Perform local decisions without human interference

blocking and release of

circuit breakers, isolators, and earthing switches

Using global data for local decisions

line on/off, busbar change, infeed switch-over

• Load shedding and restoration

criteria: frequency, load, priorities

inside the substation