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Mini Project Report 2010-11 GPTC Meppadi
Mini Project Report 2010-11 GPTC Meppadi
ABSTRACT
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS
MINI PROJECT REPORT 2010-11 GPTC MEPPADI
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
THEORY
WORKING
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS
COMPONENT LIST
COMPONENT COST
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS
MINI PROJECT REPORT 2010-11 GPTC MEPPADI
INTRODUCTION
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS
MINI PROJECT REPORT 2010-11 GPTC MEPPADI
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
THEORY
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS
MINI PROJECT REPORT 2010-11 GPTC MEPPADI
WORKING
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS
MINI PROJECT REPORT 2010-11 GPTC MEPPADI
Precautions:
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS
MINI PROJECT REPORT 2010-11 GPTC MEPPADI
state, the output of the circuit is approximately zero or a logic-low level. When
external trigger pulse is applied output is forced to go high (–Vcc). The time for
which output remains high is determined by the external RC network connected
to the timer. At the end of the timing interval, the output automatically reverts
back to its logic-low stable state.
The output stays low until trigger pulse is again applied. Then the cycle
repeats. The monostable circuit has only one stable state (output low) hence the name
monostable.
Initially when the circuit, is in the stable state i.e. when the output is low,
transistor Q1 is ON and the capacitor C is shorted out to ground. Upon the application
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS
MINI PROJECT REPORT 2010-11 GPTC MEPPADI
of a negative trigger pulse to pin 2, transistor Q1 is turned OFF, which releases the
short circuit across the external capacitor C and drives the output high. The capacitor C
now starts charging up towards Vcc through R. When the voltage across, the capacitor
becomes 2/3 Vcc, comparator 1's output switches from low to high, which in turn
drives the output to its low state via the output of the flip-flop. At the same time the
output of the flip-flop turns transistor Q1 ON and hence the capacitor C rapidly
discharges through the transistor. The output of the monostable remains low until a
trigger pulse is again applied. Then the cycle repeats. The pulse width of the trigger
input must be smaller than the expected pulse width of the output waveform. Also the
trigger pulse must be a negative going input signal with amplitude larger than 1/3
Vcc.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS
MINI PROJECT REPORT 2010-11 GPTC MEPPADI
Battery
For 9v power supply we can use 6 pcs dry cell or 6F22 9V single piece
battery.
Switch
Any general purpose switch is used as circuit breaker.
LED:
A diode is a component that only allows electricity to flow in one way. It
can be thought as a sort of one way street for electrons. Because of
this characteristic, diodes are used to transform or rectify AC voltage into
a DC voltage. Diodes have two connections an anode and a cathode. The
cathode is the end on the schematic with the point of the triangle pointing
towards a line. In other words, the triangle points towards that cathode.
The anode is, of course, opposite end. Current flows from the anode to
the cathode. Light emitting diodes, or LEDs, differ from regular diodes in that
when a voltage is applied, they emit light. This light can be red (most common),
green, yellow, orange, blue (not very common), or infra-red. LEDs are
used as indicators, transmitters, etc. Most likely, an LED will never burn
out like a regular lamp and it requires less current. Since LEDs act like
regular diodes and will form a short if connected between + and - , a current
limiting resistor is used to prevent that very thing. LEDs may or may not
be drawn with the circle surrounding them.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS
MINI PROJECT REPORT 2010-11 GPTC MEPPADI
BLOCK DIAGRAM
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS
MINI PROJECT REPORT 2010-11 GPTC MEPPADI
ADVANTAGES
Easy to construct.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS
MINI PROJECT REPORT 2010-11 GPTC MEPPADI
Simple operation.
APPLICATION
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS
MINI PROJECT REPORT 2010-11 GPTC MEPPADI
It is used in streetlight.
COMPONENT LIST
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS
MINI PROJECT REPORT 2010-11 GPTC MEPPADI
RESISTOR
a. 470 Ohms
b. 47 k (Variable)
IC NE555
Switch
COMPONENT COST
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS
MINI PROJECT REPORT 2010-11 GPTC MEPPADI
Resistor
47 k
7.00 1 7.00
(Variable)
(General
PCB 8.00 1 8.00
purpose)
CONCLUSION
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS
MINI PROJECT REPORT 2010-11 GPTC MEPPADI
REFERENCE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS
MINI PROJECT REPORT 2010-11 GPTC MEPPADI
R. S. SEDHA
Fundamentals of Digital Electronics
A. Anand Kumar
www.circuitstoday.com
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS
MINI PROJECT REPORT 2010-11 GPTC MEPPADI
AKHILNATH.V
JAMSHEER.P.C
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS