NAWAB OF AWADH

Saadat Ali Khan I 1722 – 19 March 1739

Abul-Mansur Khan Safdar Jung
Shuja-ud-Daula 1754 – 26 January 1775
Asaf-ud-Daula
Asif Jah Mirza
Yamin-ud-Daula
Abul-Muzaffar Ghazi-ud-din Haydar Khan
Nasir-ud-din Haidar Shah Jahan
Abul Fateh Moin-ud-din
Najm-ud-Daula Abul-Muzaffar Musleh-ud-din
Abul-Mansur Mirza
Begum Hazrat Mahal
1858–1859 (in rebellion)
Birjis Qadr
 SUJA-UD-DAULA

✓ Shuja-ud-Daulah (b. 19 January 1732 – d. 26 January 1775) was the

Subedar Nawab of Oudh from 5 October 1754 to 26 January 1775.

✓ Though a minor royal, he is best known for his key roles in two
definitive battles in Indian history – the Third Battle of Panipat which
temporarily halted Maratha domination of the northern regions of the
Mughal Empire and overthrew Shah Jahan III and reaffirmed Shah
Alam II as the rightful emperor of the Mughal Empire. He had allied
himself with Mir Qasim and took part in the Battle of Buxar, which
ended in defeat.
 Early life
❑ Shuja-ud-Daulah was the son of the Mughal
Grand Vizier Safdarjung chosen by Ahmad
Shah Bahadur. Unlike his father Shuja-ud-
Daulah was known from an early age for his
abilities to synthesize his subordinates, this
skill would eventually cause him to emerge as
the chosen Grand Vizier by Shah Alam II.

❑ Shuja-ud-Daulah is also known to have

assisted the famous Alivardi Khan on various
occasions when the territories of the Nawab of
Bengal, were being ravaged by Raghoji I
Bhonsle and his Marathas. Thus Shuja-ud-
Daulah is known to have been a very respected
figure among the servicemen of Alivardi Khan.
 Nawab of Awadh
❑ Procession of Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula at Faizabad. From an album of
18th century Indian watercolours.

❑ After the death of his father the Mughal Grand Vizier Safdarjung in the
year 1753, Shuja-ud-Daula was recognized as the next Nawab by the
Mughal Emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur.
❑ Faizabad further developed as a township during the reign of Safdar Jang, the
second nawab of Avadh (1739–54), who made it his military headquarters
while his successor Shuja-ud-daula made it full-fledged capital city.
❑ It was developed by Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula the third Nawab of Awadh into a
full-fledged capital city, with gardens, palaces, markets, roads and other
infrastructure. He settled at Faizabad after 1764 and built a fort known as
Chhota Calcutta, now in ruins. He built it on the banks of Saryu after he lost
the battle of Buxar in 1764. In 1765 he built the Chowk and Tirpaulia and
subsequently laid out the Anguribagh and Motibagh to the south of it,
Asafbagh and Bulandbagh to the west of the city.
Third Battle of Panipat
✓ The Nawab of Awadh and the newly appointed Mughal Grand Vizier Shuja-ud-
Daula assured Prince Ali Gauhar that he and Najib-ud-Daula would initiate a
struggle that would overthrow the Maratha if Prince Ali Gauhar would lead what
remained of the Mughal Army against the expanding British East India Company in
Bengal.

✓ Shuja's decision about whom to join as an ally in the Third Battle of Panipat was
one of the decisive factors that determined the outcome of the war as lack of food
due to the Afghans cutting the supply lines of Marathas was one of the reasons that
Marathas could not sustain the day-long battle.
✓ Their forces were weak due to starvation and also fighting facing the sun.

✓ Shuja was earlier not very sure about whose side should he take before the Third
Battle of Panipat.
✓ Marathas were still further south then and it would have taken them considerable
time to reach Shuja's province.
✓ Considering the risk he had with upsetting Abdali with his huge army on his soil
he took (albeit hesitatingly) the decision to join the Afghans and Najib (Najib-ud-
Daula).

✓ His mother was of the opinion that he should join the Marathas as they had
helped his father previously on numerous occasions. Eventually he was forced to
join the Afghans that were led by Ahmad Shah Durrani, whose troops crossed the
flooded Ganges river into his province.

✓ As the chosen Grand Vizier of the Mughal Empire, Shuja-ud-Daula commanded a

sizeable army of Mughal troopers, who cut off the supplies of the Marathas and
even defeated them in pitched confrontations during the Third Battle of Panipat
and eliminated the Maratha leader Sadashivrao Bhau.

Battle of Buxar
✓ Shuja is also known for his role in the Battle of Buxar, a battle that was no less
definite in Indian history. He along with the forces of Shah Alam II and Mir Qasim
were defeated by the British forces in one of the key battles in the history of
British rule in India.
✓ Under Shuja-ud-Daula's reign Faizabad achieved its culmination as an
important centre of trade and commerce in northern India and attracted
travellers, writers, merchants, artists and courtesans from all over Europe
and Asia.
Works of suja-ud-daula
✓ Shuja-ud-daula, who made Faizabad the capital of Awadh during
his reign built very huge and impressive artistic buildings in the
city.

✓ It shows during his rule the city attained prosperity, which it

never saw again.

✓ The other attractive buildings built by Nawab Suja are Moti

Mahal and the tomb of Bahu Begum.

✓ The former was the residence of his beloved wife (he took her
hands in 1743) and the latter is the Begam's Maqbara, at near-by
Jawaharbagh where she was buried after her death in 1816.

✓ Bahu Begum, a distinguished woman with noble heart was

instrumental for many Muslim buildings in Faisabad.
✓ After her demise till annexation by the EIC, the city had begun to lose
its beauty and glory. Later Nawab Asaf-ud-Daula shifted the capital to
Lucknow.
 FORT CALCUTTA, FAIZABAD

❑ Fort Calcutta, Faizabad is a Monument in Faizabad was built by Shuja-

ud-Daula after he was defeated by the British in the 1764 Battle of
Buxar.

❑ Fort Calcutta of Faizabad as a building commemorates the defeat of the

king to the British. The great clay walls of Fort Calcutta in Faizabad give
this monument a specific identity.

❑ Shuja-ud-Daulah, the then Nawab of Awadh resided in this building till

his death. Shuja-ud-Daula died in the year 1775 on the 26th of January.

❑ Bahu Begum, Shuja-ud-Daula’s wife continued to stay in the Fort

Calcutta even after Shuja-ud-Daula’s death.
 TOMB OF BAHU BEGUM
✓ Bahu Begum ka Maqbara is the Tomb of Queen Bride Begum
Unmatuzzohra Bano alias Bahu Begum a memorial built for
queen of Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula.
✓ It is one of the tallest buildings in Faizabad and is a notable
example of non-mughal Muslim architecture. Sadly, this
monument is a victim of neglect and is crumbling.

✓ Bahu Begum was a woman of great distinction and rank,

bearing dignity, most of the Muslim buildings of Faizabad are
attributed to her.

✓ From the date of Bahu Begums death in 1815 till the

annexation of Avadh, the Shuja-ud-daula, the Nawab of Awadh,
made Faizabad the capital of Awadh, during his reign Faizabad
attained prosperity.
✓ Near by at Jawaharbagh lies her Maqbara, where she was
✓ buried after her death in 1816. It is considered to be one of the finest
buildings of its kind in Avadh, which was built at the cost of three lakh
rupees by her chief advisor Darab Ali Khan.

✓ A fine view of the city is obtainable from top of the begum's tomb. Bahu
Begum was a woman of great distinction and rank, bearing dignity. Most
of the Muslim buildings of Faizabad are attributed to her.

✓ The glory of Faizabad finally eclipsed with the shifting of capital from
Faizabad to Lucknow by Nawab Asaf-ud-Daula
 tomb of suja-ud-daula

Gulab Bari Faizabad, India

✓ Gulab Bari the Tomb of Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula is in Faizabad, Uttar

Pradesh, India.
✓ This place has a collection of roses of various varieties set by the
sides of water fountains.
✓ Gulab Bari is surrounded by a wall, built of Lakhauri bricks lime
plastered and decorated with plaster mouldings.

✓ The enclosure contains the tomb of Shuja-ud-daula along with mosque

Imambara, Shahi Hammam, Baradari, the tomb of Shuja-ud-daula was
constructed by himself during his lifetime which is approached through an
imposing gateway.
✓ The central chamber contains the cenotaph which houses the graves of Nawab
Shuja-ud-daula, the tomb proper stands in the centre of a Charbagh Garden
accompanied by fountains and shallow water channels.

✓ The square double-storeyed structure of the mausoleum has a verandah on each

side. The dome of the chamber is crowned by inverted louts.

✓ Gulab Bari is not only a spot that needs to be visited, it is a place of worship, the
locals treat it as a holy place.

✓ Gulab Bari is a building of fine architecture, standing in a garden surrounded by a

wall.

✓ Shuja-ud-Daulas wife was the well known Bahu Begum, who married the Nawab
in 1743 and continued to reside in Faizabad, close by at Jawaharbagh lies her
Maqbara, where she was buried after her death in 1816.

✓ It is considered to be one of the finest buildings of its kind in Avadh, a fine view of
the city is obtainable from top of the begums tomb.
THANK YOU

BY. PRINSI POOJARA