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Good Study Habits: A Bridge to A Better Future for Science, Technology,

Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Students in The Truth Christian School
A.Y. 2019 – 2020

A Research Paper

Presented to

The Truth Christian School

Apalit, Pampanga

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in

Practical Research I

Submitted by:

Chiong, Quinn
De Castro, Rembrandt
Quesadillas, Rovic
Roa, Sean Francis
Torio, Ruwen Lloyd
Jabinal , Maxine
Oyong, Jhon Paul

Submitted to:

Ms. Ethel Rodriguez

March 2020
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Chapter One

PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter includes the introduction, background, framework of the study,

statement of the problem, significance, and scope and limitation. (This can be modified.)

Introduction

The introduction should give information as to what the study is all about. It
should show the existence of an unsatisfactory condition, a felt problem that needs a
solution. That is the reason/s why it is necessary to conduct the study and must be
discussed. The introduction should be linked to the statement of the problem. The body of
the introduction and other parts of the research paper should be justified. The following is
a brief example of an introduction (though some parts are not included).
There is no other period in world history when science has been making its grates
impact upon humankind that it is today. (Prolong the discussion citing multifarious and
wonderful benefits that science, the topic for inquiry may be presented as the teaching of
science in the high schools of Province A during the school year 19__ - 19__ as
perceived by the science teachers and students).
The teaching science in the high schools of Province A has been observed to be
weak as shown by the results of the survey tests given to the students recently. The
causes must be found so that remedial measures may be instituted. (Prolong the
discussion.)
One of the thrusts of the Department of Education and of the government for that
matter is to strengthen the teaching of science. It is necessary to conduct this inquiry to
find out how to strengthen the instruction of science in the province. (This can be
prolonged.)
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Background of the Study

(2 spaces)

This section should discuss the historical background of the problem. It must
explain the students’ earnest desire to have a deeper and clearer understanding of a
situation so they will be in a better position to initiate remedial measures or to find a
better way to improve the situation.
Since the sending into space by Russia of the first satellite that orbited the earth
educational systems all over the world including that of the Philippines have been trying
hard to improve their science curricula and instructions. (This can be explained further.)
The last paragraph of the introduction and background should state the link
between the introduction and the statement of the problem, such is written below:
The researcher got very much interested in determining the status of teaching
science in high schools of Province A, thus, this research is conducted.
The introduction and the background of the study should be at least two to three
pages before the next component starts.

(4 spaces)

Statement of the Problem

(2 spaces)

The problem should be stated both in general and in specific terms. The general
statement is usually in reiteration of the title of the study. You must write questions in
quantifiable terms. Quantification and measurement will give more direction to the
investigation. If the question is too broad, it has to be broken down into smaller ones.
 For example, the main problem is: What is the creativity level of college students?
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This can be broken down into: What is the creativity level of college freshmen students in
terms of fluency, flexibility, and originality? Another example:

This study was conducted to investigate all aspects of the teaching of science in
the high schools of Province A, SY 19__ - 19__ as perceived by science teachers and
students. Specifically, the study attempted to answer the following questions:
1. What is the highest educational attainment of the teachers handling science in the
high schools of Province A?
2. How adequate are the instructional and non-instructional facilities for the teaching
of science?
3. How effective are the methods and strategies used by the teachers in teaching
science?
4. How adequate are the forms of supervisory assistance extended to the teachers
and those of the students concerning the different aspects in the teaching of
science?
5. What problems are being encountered by the teachers of science?
6. Is there any significant difference between the perceptions of the teachers and
those of the students concerning the different aspects in the teaching of science?

(4 spaces)

Hypothesis
(2 spaces)

This is a tentative conclusion or answer to a specific question raised at the

beginning of the investigation. It is an educated guess about the answer to a specific question. It
should be stated in a null form because it is easier to test than the operational form.
Example: There is no significant difference between the perception of teachers and
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students concerning the different aspects of teaching of science.

Theoretical Framework
(2 spaces)

This section should present the different theories, models, paradigms, perspectives
related to the variables, problem statement and hypothesis of the present study. The
students should test, confirm, validate or verify the cited theories in other situations or
attempt to formulate a new theory which will be their contribution to their field of
specialization.
Look for a core theory with which to anchor your study. The core theory should
be related to your independent variables. Have other supporting theories. The supporting
theories should be related to your independent variables. Theoretical Framework is only
included if the nature of the research problem calls for a theory/theories. If not,
Conceptual Framework is much appropriate to use.
Theoretical and Conceptual frameworks are ONE and the SAME thing. They are
used interchangeably. Both should be included after the statement and hypothesis of
the problem. The paradigm should illustrate or concretize the conceptual framework.
The variables should be appropriately placed in their corresponding boxes.

(4 spaces)

Conceptual Framework
(2 spaces)

A conceptual framework is a bit like a recipe or a blueprint. It provides an outline of how

you plan to conduct the research for your thesis, but it goes further than that by also
positioning your work within the larger field of research. Writing a conceptual
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framework can not only help to guide your thesis to ensure that your research stays on
track, but it also helps to guide fellow researchers or advisers who are analyzing your
thesis.

Provide the explanation for the conceptual framework. Brief explanation will do.
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Scope and Delimitation of the Study

(2 spaces)

Define the scope of your study, the parameters or boundaries of the investigation
in terms of the subjects, the study area, the research instrument, the time frame, the
population, the issues, the variables included and the respondents to be involved. What
weakness or limitations of the study do you anticipate? How are you going to handle
them so that they do not become bottlenecks of the investigation?

(4 spaces)

Definition of Terms
(2 spaces)

This section should include important or key terms that should be substantially
and clearly defined according to how they are used in the study in order to facilitate
understanding of the problem and avoid ambiguous meaning of terms which can be
otherwise interpreted in different ways. You may use conceptual definitions, that is,
meanings are taken from books, encyclopedias, magazines and journals. Terms may be
defined operationally, that is based on observable characteristics and how they are used
in the study. Terms should be arranged alphabetically and acronyms should always be
spelled out fully, especially if it is not commonly known or if used for the first time.
Terms are NOT numbered, underlined footnoted.
Example:
The following terms are conceptually and operationally defined for easy
understanding:
 APA is an acronym for American Psychological Association. It uses
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parenthetical documentation within the text.
Applied Research refers to the application of theory to the solution of problems.
BSE refers to Bachelor in Secondary Education, which is one of the courses
offered in tertiary education.

Cluster Sampling is a kind of sampling in which groups are randomly selected.

Conceptual Definition refers to the academic or universal meaning attributed to a
word or group of words.
Descriptive Research describes the current state of some phenomenon at the time
of the study.
Distribution refers to the arrangement of measured scores in order of magnitude.
External Validity is the quality of an experimental design such that the results
obtained are due to the manipulation of the independent variable.

(add more terms used in the entire study)

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