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Av Aids
Av Aids
INTRODUCTION
Research has shown that learners need to undergo symbolic, iconic and enactive learning
experiences in varying proportions and in different sequences as shown as by the Dale’s Cone of
Learning Experience.An aural message is perhaps the minimum required for communication. It
is often necessary to supplement the aural message with a visual in order to convey it effectively.
Visuals with or without aural components are called audiovisual resources, aids, media or simply
audiovisuals.
Audio-visual aids, audio-visual material, audio-visual media, communication
technology instructional media, all the terms broadly speaking mean the same thing. Audio-
visual material must be seen in their relationship to teaching as a whole and to the learning
process as a whole, until teacher understands the relationship between audio-visual material
teaching-learning processes, he cannot be expected to make intelligent or fruitful use of the
techniques, which offer so much assistance in day today activities of teachers.
DEFINITION:
An audio-visual aid is an instructional device in which the message can be heard as well as seen.
Or
Audio-visual aids are those sensory objects or images which initiate or stimulate and reinforce
learning.
Or
Audio-visual aids are the devices which can be used to make the learning experience more
concrete, more realistic and more dynamics.
Or
Audio-visual aids are supplementary devices by which the teacher, through the utilization of
more than one sensory channel is able to clarify, establish and correlate concepts, interpretations
and appreciations.
CONCEPT OF AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS:
Audio-visual aids are sensory tools used in teaching and as avenues for learning. These are
planned educational materials that appeal to the senses of the people and quickens learning
facilitates for clear understanding.
A. Chinese’s Proverb: “If I hear, I forget, If I see, I remember, If I do, I know’ says the
important of sensory perception in teaching, learning situation.
* Seening -87%
* Hearing -07%
* Odour -03%
* Touch -02%
* Taste -01%
* Audio-visual aids enhance clarity in communication.
* Provide diversity to the mind
* Increase the forcefulness of the subject being learned or taught.
IMPORTANCE OR PURPOSES OF AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS:
Improve and make teaching effective.
Enable the audience to look, listen and learn
Make learning interesting and profitable.
Quicken the phase of learning.
Foster\develop the knowledge.
Bring expected behavioural change among the learners.
Provide direct contact with reality or serve as a source of information and likeness in the
teaching learning situation.
The student’s acquires clear, accurate and vivid image during the process of learning.
Increase and sustain attention and concentration.
It can serve as an open window through which the student can view the world and its
phenomena by bringing remote events into the classroom.
They enable the students to learn faster, remember for longer duration, gain more
accurate information, and understand the concepts with adequate meaning. Thus learning
becomes more meaningful, enjoyable and effective.
They give variety to classroom techniques, provide change in the atmosphere of the
classroom and allow some freedom from the formal instruction or traditional type.
The students will get opportunity to handle, touch, feel, operate, and manipulate the
audio-visual aid. It gives added appeal because it satisfies temporarily at least the natural
desire for mastery and ownership.
Visualize and make teaching more real; acts as an antidote to the disease of verbal
instruction. They reduce verbalism, help in giving clear concepts and thus help to bring
accuracy in learning.
Save time and energy.
Change attitude or point of view of learners.
Contribute to the growth or clear understanding, increase vocabulary development.
DRAW BACKS OF USING AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS:
These are not essential for all instructional programmes.
These are helpful teaching, but they will not substitute teachers and books.
Possible risks of ‘spectatorism’ instead of ‘attitude of thoughtful enquiry’.
It requires more time for planning and preparing.
FACTORS INFLUENCING EFFECTIVENESS OF AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS:
Preparation of teacher as well as student teacher should be well prepared with topic
students should be aquatinted with subject matter.
Selection of audio-visual aids it should be always suitable to topic, planned to add clarity.
Proper presentation- aids should be visible and audible to all. Display attractively, at
proper time in the teaching session.
Evaluation- by checking of following points:
1. Are the colours scheme and layout effective?
2. Does all see the display?
3. Did it serve the purpose to teach particular subject\topic?
4. Was it time consuming?
5. Did the students reply to question being asked?
6. Is it expensive or cheap?
CLASSIFICATION OF AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS:
SIMPLE AIDS:
1).Teacher = Posters, Charts, Graphs, Diagrams, Flannel graphs, Flash
Made cards, Maps, illustrations, Cartoons, Comics, Chalk board,
Roller boards, Flip charts.
2).Traditional = Folk songs, Pottery.
Media
3).Printed Aids = Books, Pamphlets
4).3 dimensional = Objects, Specimens, Models, Puppet
5).Activity Aids = Role play, Field trips, Demonstrations.
Sophisticated Aids:
1). Audio aids = Radio discs, Cassettes
2). Projected = Slides, Slide projectors, Transparencies, Opaque
material,Film
Skills strips, and projected silent film projectors
3). Projected moving = Sound films, Videotapes T.V, CDS, Computers.
And Audio
BASED ON PROJECTION AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS CAN BE CLASSIFICATION AS:
1) Audio-visual aids: a) Projected = Slide with slide projectors, Overhead projector With
Transparencies, Film projectors video cassettes and Player, Television, C.D Rom, Computer
internet
b) Non-projected= Charts, Posters, Graphs, Drawing, Books, Pamphlets,
Models objects and Specimen, Bulletin board, Flannel graph, Albums, Puppets.
PRINCIPLES TO BE FOLLOWED FOR THE EFFECTIVE USE OF AUDIO-VISUAL
AIDS:
a). Audio-visual materials should function as an integral part of the educational programme.
b). Audio-visual aids should be centralized, under specialized direction and leadership in
educational programme.
c). an advisory committee should be appointed to assist in the selection and co-ordination of
audio-visual material.
d). Audio-visual educational programme should be flexible.
e). Instructors have to help the students how to use audio-visual aids.
f). Budget appropriations should be made regularly for the audio-visual educational programme.
g). Legal aspects should be considered in the production and the utilization of educational
communication media.
GUIDES FOR SELECTING AND MAKING AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS:
Audio-visual aids must be easy to see and understand.
Simple and direct.
Easy to handle and transport.
Accurate.
Represent the things that are common and understandable.
Letters should be neat, clear, and easy to understand simple words, leave the space
between letters, and give the gap between word and word.
Avoid over-writing, over-crowding, clumsiness in writing. Give space between the lines.
By seeing the visual aids, the learner should get interest, positive attitude, and clear to
understand.
Select the colors, which are natural of related items, appealing, attractive, clear and
visible, appropriate to the pictures
GLOBE
The GLOBE Teacher's Guide, available online and searchable by concept and grade
level, includes over 50 rigorous scientific protocols, more than 60 Learning Activities, sample
lessons, unit plans, and pedagogical hints for using GLOBE in the classroom and specific
scientific explanations to guide the teaching and implementation of all protocols.
PUPPETS
INTRODUCTION:
Puppetry has played an important role in disseminating knowledge in most parts of the
world. Puppetry imbibes elements of all art forms such as literature, painting, sculpture, music,
dance, drama and enables students to develop their creative abilities. Puppetry has been used
traditionally in India as a popular and an inexpensive medium to transmit knowledge about
Indian myths and legends.Since Puppetry is a dynamic art form that appeals to all age groups,
this medium of communication has been selected to serve as an aid for imparting education in
schools. The Centre for Cultural Resources and Training (CCRT) provides a comprehensive and
an integrated training in the preparation, manipulation and production of such puppet
programmes which may be used in a variety of formal and non formal teaching situations.
PURPOSE OF PUPPETS:
ADVANTAGES OF PUPPETS:
Puppet is one the most popular configuration management tools around and has plenty of
advantages.
DISADVANTAGES OF PUPPET:
For all its advantages, Puppet has a few drawback as well.
CONCLUSION
Puppet is a powerful configuration management tool that is automating the tasks of server
management both on the premise and on the cloud. Puppet is a great tool to have on the stack to
also ensure continuous (and quicker) delivery.