Introduction:

A urinalysis is a test of your urine. A urinalysis is used to detect and manage a wide range of
disorders, such as urinary tract infections, kidney disease and diabetes. A urinalysis involves
checking the appearance, concentration and content of urine. Abnormal urinalysis results may
point to a disease or illness. For example, a urinary tract infection can make urine look cloudy
instead of clear. Increased levels of protein in urine can be a sign of kidney disease. Unusual
urinalysis results often require more testing to uncover the source of the problem.
Results and discussions:
B. HELLER’S RING TEST

Sample 1: After sliding 2ml of test sample 1 on the inner walls of the test tube to the 1.5 ml nitric
acid, the sample created a kind of transparent red or maroon ring in the middle of the sample.
Sample 1: After sliding 2ml of test sample 2 on the inner walls of the test tube to the 1.5 ml nitric
acid, the sample created a strong red or maroon ring in the middle of the sample.
Post-Lab Questions:
1. What substances are present in the two urine samples?
- For this experiment, we should have used two different urine samples, one from a
sick person and one from a non-sick person. Because we were not able to acquire a
urine sample from a sick person. We opted to use the urine sample of two different
people that are not sick instead. Urine is an aqueous solution of greater than 95%
water. Other constituents include urea, chloride, sodium, potassium, creatinine and
other dissolved ions, and inorganic and organic compounds.

2. What is the difference of the two urine samples?

- The only difference between the two urine samples is the color of the urine which
were transparent or light yellow and dark yellow. Urine is mostly water (at least 95
percent), but the remainder is a surprisingly complex brew of ingredients that include
urea, chloride, sodium, potassium, creatinine and other dissolved ions, plus various
inorganic and organic compounds. Generally fresh urine has a mild smell but aged
urine has a stronger odor similar to that of ammonia. The pH of normal urine is
generally in the range 4.6 – 8, with a typical average being around 6.0.

3. From the gathered result, what might be the condition of the two samples urine?
- The expected positive result was that there should have been a fluffy white ring on
the sample which would result in Protein being present in the urine. From the
gathered results, urine sample 1 shows that the person is normal by the transparent
color and urine sample 2 which showed a dark yellow color suggests mild
dehydration.

References:
N.A (2019, October, 23) Urinalysis Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-
procedures/urinalysis/about/pac-20384907

10 Colors That Suggest Urine Trouble. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://health.ucsd.edu/news/features/pages/2014-04-21-colors-that-suggest-urine-trouble.aspx.