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The Blood
The Blood
The Blood
Plasma is the fluid component of blood; 91% of plasma is water and about 7% are the
proteins albumin, globulins and fibrinogen.
Albumin – maintains osmotic pressure and water balance
Globulins – important in the immune response
Fibrinogens – clotting mechanism
Ions, nutrients, waste products, gases, enzymes, and hormones – the remaining
2% of plasma
Dr. Charles Drew
• African American scientist that developed the
blood storage techniques.
• Known for his research on blood plasma
FORMATION OF BLOOD CELLS: HEMATOPOIESIS
Hematopoiesis
• Blood formation
• Occurs in red bone marrow also known as myeloid tissue
Stem cells or Hematocytoblasts
• An undifferentiated mesenchymal cells where all blood cells are developed.
Hemocytoblast differentiation:
• Lymphoid stem cell produces lymphocytes
• Myeloid stem cell produces other formed elements
LYMPHOCYTES
• Involved in the production of anti-bodies
• Play crucial role in the body’s immune response
• Smallest leukocytes
• There are two types of Lympocytes:
a. B lymphocytes
b. T lymphocytes
THROMBOCYTES OR PLATELETS
• Disk-shaped cellular fragments with nucleus
• Range in size from 2 to 4 micrometers in diameter
• Prevent fluid loss
• Have a life span of about a week
• Produced in red bone marrow from large megakaryocytes
THE CLOTTING MECHANISM
The clotting mechanism is a process that the body uses to stop the loss of blood.
A cut in a blood vessel causes the smooth walls of the vessel to become rough and
irregular. Clotting or coagulation is a complex process that proceeds in three stages.
• In the first stage, the roughened surface of the cut vessel causes the platelets or
thrombocytes to aggregate, or clump together, at the site of injury. The damaged
tissue release thromboplastin.
• In the second stage, prothrombin, a plasma protein produced by the liver, is
converted into thrombin.
• In the third stage, another plasma protein, soluble fibrinogen, is converted into
insoluble fibrin.
Fibrin forms long threads that act like a fish net at the site of injury. The fibrin forms
what we call the clot.
• Syneresis or clot retraction – the tightening of the fibrin clot in such a way that
the ruptured area of the blood vessel gets smaller and smaller, thus decreasing
the hemorrhage.
• Serum – blood plasma without the clotting factors
• Fibrinolysis – dissolution of the blood clot occurs
• Plaque – cholesterol-containing mass that adheres to the smooth walls of blood
vessels
• Thrombosis – clotting in such an unbroken vessel
• Thrombus – the clot itself
• Embolism – when an embolus becomes lodged in the vessel and cuts off
circulation
• Cerebral thrombosis – if the brain is affected
• Coronary thrombosis – if the heart is affected
• Infarction – if the tissues are killed; often fatal
• Pulmonary embolism – if a blood clot dislodges and travels to a vital organ like
the lungs and blocks a vessel supplying that organ
Group Members:
Galvez, Ma. Angelica
Gan, Kynne Zacharias
Hayag, Jeanette
function.