Lab Manual [Electronic Devices and Circuits –II] GEC.

ETC[2020]

Expt. No: 7 Date:

HARTLEY OSCILLATOR
AIM: To demonstrate the working of Hartley oscillator and to obtain & verify the frequency
of its oscillation

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
Sr. No Component Specification Quantity
1. Transistor BC 107 / CL 100 1
2. Regulated Power (0-30V, 1A) 1
Supply
3. Resistors 33kΩ, 8.2kΩ, 330Ω, 2.2kΩ, 1k Ω, As per design
4.7k Ω, 1 k Ω, 47k Ω, 10 k Ω
4. Capacitors 10µF ,100µF, 100pF As per design
5. Inductance box 0.6 mH 1
CRO (20 Mhz, dual-trace), Breadboard, Function Generator, Multimeter, Connecting wires

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Compiled by: Dr. Samarth Borker. Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication. Goa College of Engineering.
Lab Manual [Electronic Devices and Circuits –II] GEC.ETC[2020]

THEORY:
Hartley oscillator was invented in 1915 by the American engineer Ralph Hartley. In a
Hartley oscillator the oscillation frequency is determined by a tank circuit comprising of two
inductors and one capacitor. The inductors are connected in series and the capacitor is
connected across them in parallel.
In the circuit diagram resistors R1 and R2 give a potential divider bias for the transistor
Q1. Re is the emitter resistor, whose job is to provide thermal stability for the transistor. Ce is
the emitter by pass capacitors, which by-passes the amplified AC signals. If the emitter by-pass
capacitor not there, the amplified ac voltages will drop across Re and it will get added on to the
base-emitter voltage of Q1 and will disrupt the biasing conditions. Cin is the input DC
decoupling capacitor while Cout is the output DC decoupling capacitor. The task of a DC
decoupling capacitor is to prevent DC voltages from reaching the succeeding stage. Inductor
L1, L2 and capacitor C1 forms the tank circuit.

When the power supply is switched ON the transistor starts conducting and the collector
current increases. As a result the capacitor C1 starts charging and when the capacitor C1 is fully
charged it starts discharging through coil L1. This charging and discharging creates a series of
damped oscillations in the tank circuit and it is the key. The oscillations produced in the tank
circuit is coupled (fed back) to the base of Q1 and it appears in the amplified form across the
collector and emitter of the transistor. The output voltage of the transistor (voltage across
collector and emitter) will be in phase with the voltage across inductor L1. Since the junction of
two inductors is grounded, the voltage across L2 will be 180° out of phase to that of the voltage
across L1. The voltage across L2 is actually fed back to the base of Q1. From this we can see
that, the feedback voltage is 180° out of phase with the transistor and also the transistor itself
will create another 180° phase difference. So the total phase difference between input and
output is 360° and it is very important condition for creating sustained oscillations.

The frequency of an oscillator is varied by using a variable capacitor in the tank circuit,
keeping the feedback ratio and the amplitude of the output is constant for over a frequency
range. The frequency of oscillations for this type of oscillator is same as the above discussed
oscillator and is given as

Compiled by: Dr. Samarth Borker. Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication. Goa College of Engineering.
 Lab Manual [Electronic Devices and Circuits –II] GEC.ETC[2020]

fo = 1/ (2π √ (Leq C))

Where: Leq = L1 + L2 + 2M
Or
Leq = L1 + L2

PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the components as per the circuit diagram.
2. Find the theoretical frequency using equation (1), for different values of C, L1 and
L2.
3. Connect the output to CRO for different set of component values and measure the
practical frequency.
4. A graph is drawn by taking frequency on X-axis and amplitude on Y-axis on graph
sheet.

OBSERVATIONS:
C L1 L2 Theoretical freq. Practical Freq.

PRECAUTIONS:
1. The three terminals of the transistor should be carefully identified.
2. All the connections should be correct.

Compiled by: Dr. Samarth Borker. Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication. Goa College of Engineering.
Lab Manual [Electronic Devices and Circuits –II] GEC.ETC[2020]

RESULT:

CONCLUSION:

Viva-Voce:

1. Which type of feedback is used by Hartley oscillator?

2. Which component of Hartley oscillator is used in feedback system?
3. Which network is used to give feedback to transistor?
4. How many capacitors are there in the tank circuit of Hartley oscillator?
5. Which configuration of the transistor amplifier is used for Hartley oscillator?
6. What will be the oscillator frequency of Hartley oscillator if inductance L1, L2 are equal
to 1mH and 2mH respectively and capacitor C is 10 nF. (Neglect mutual inductance)
7. The gain device in the Hartley oscillator act as a __________
a) Low pass filter
b) High pass filter
c) Band pass filter
d) Band rejection filter

Reference: http://www.circuitstoday.com/hartley-oscillator

Compiled by: Dr. Samarth Borker. Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication. Goa College of Engineering.