Mathematics is the study of patterns and quantitative relationships. It began with early mathematicians seeking to understand concepts like numbers, geometry, and quantities. Key contributors included Thales, Euclid, Pythagoras, and Aristotle who studied topics like geometry, numbers, and logic. Modern mathematics builds on their foundations and includes areas like calculus developed by Newton and Leibniz, set theory from Cantor, and computer science from Turing. Mathematicians have uncovered patterns in nature and developed tools to solve problems across science and engineering.
Mathematics is the study of patterns and quantitative relationships. It began with early mathematicians seeking to understand concepts like numbers, geometry, and quantities. Key contributors included Thales, Euclid, Pythagoras, and Aristotle who studied topics like geometry, numbers, and logic. Modern mathematics builds on their foundations and includes areas like calculus developed by Newton and Leibniz, set theory from Cantor, and computer science from Turing. Mathematicians have uncovered patterns in nature and developed tools to solve problems across science and engineering.
Mathematics is the study of patterns and quantitative relationships. It began with early mathematicians seeking to understand concepts like numbers, geometry, and quantities. Key contributors included Thales, Euclid, Pythagoras, and Aristotle who studied topics like geometry, numbers, and logic. Modern mathematics builds on their foundations and includes areas like calculus developed by Newton and Leibniz, set theory from Cantor, and computer science from Turing. Mathematicians have uncovered patterns in nature and developed tools to solve problems across science and engineering.
o Charles Babbage – designed the first automatic - The word mathematics comes from Ancient computing engine Greek “mathema” means “that which is learnt” o John Wallis – Infinity Symbol “study” or “science”. o Alan Turing – Father of computer science Types of pattern o Blaise Pascal – probability theory and binomial coefficient 1. Fractals – snowflakes, trees branching, o Georg Cantor – Set theory, cantor’s theory lightning, ferns o George Boole – Boolean Algebra, modern 2. Symmetry – butterfly, starfish, honey comb, human face, sea shell, sea anemone mathematical logic 3. Spiral – red cabbage, galaxy, seed head of o Aristotle – Deductive reasoning sunflower, millipede, o Diocles – parabola 4. Spot and Stripes – tiger, zebra, leopard, o Leonhard Euler – fx, function, summation ladybird, cattle fish, royal angel fish o Muhammad Al-khwarizmi – father of modern 5. Tessellations – snakes, alligator, honey comb algebra 6. Dunes and waves – wind waves, ocean waves, o Ptolemy – developed the more detailed sand dunes, ripples trigonometry table 7. Cracks – bark, droughtness of soil, cooled basalt o Luca Pacioli – father of accounting 8. Voronoi – honey combs, head of the garlic, skin o Ada Lovelase – 1st computer progarammer of giraffe, cells in a leaf o Aryabhata – accurate approximation of Pi 9. Foams and bubbles – gas bubbles, beer Set – well defined collection of objects. The object are bubbles, crockosomes called elements of members of cells. 10. Chaos, flows, and meanders – bends in rivers, salt pans of desert, kelp leaves Set Theory – branch of mathematics that studies set or mathematical science of infinite. Mathematicians and their contribution Two ways to represent sets o Albert Einstein – E = mc2 o Thales – 5 theorems of geometry 1. Roster method/ tabulation method – set are o Leonardo Pisano Bigollo – Fibonacci Sequence enumerated and separated by a comma. o Rene Descartes – Cartesian Coordinate System 2. Rule method/ set builder notation – describes o Archimedes – approximate value of Pi the element or members of the set. o John Napier – Logarithm, use of decimal points Types of sets: o Pythagoras – Pythagorean Theorem o Plato – Theory of Forms 1. Finite set – set whose elements are limited or o Euclid – Father of Geometry countable and the last element can be o Xenocrates – Book on numbers identified. o Hero of Alexandria – Square root of a number 2. Infinite set – set whose elements are unlimited o Erathosthenes – Circumference of earth, or uncountable and the last element cannot be symbol and logarithm specified. o Diophantus – father of Algebra 3. Unit set / singleton – set with only one element. o Newton – Infinitesimal Calculus 4. Empty set – no element o Lodovico Ferrari – devised formula for solution 5. Universal set – all set are assumed to be of quartic equation contained in some large fixed set. o Carl Friedrich Gauss – arithmetical 6. Cardinal numbers – a set is a number of investigations, Gaussian curve elements or members in the set. o John Venn – Venn Diagram 7. Subset – every element of A is also on element o Hipparchus – Father of Trigonometry B. o Adrien-Marie Legendre – Elliptic integrals 8. Proper subset – every element of A is in b but there is at least one element of B that is not written in A. 9. The symbol - not a proper subset. 10. Equal set – every element of A is in B and every element of B is in A.
Relation – set of ordered pairs.
Function – is a relation in which for each value of the
first component of the ordered pairs, there is exactly one value of the second component. (One to one, Many to one)
Not a function – one to many
Difference table – shows the differences between
successive terms of the sequence.
Logic – science that deals with the principle and criteria
of validity of inference and demonstration.
- deals with formal principle of reason.
Purpose of logic – get the finest concussion of the any
stated premise.
Aristotle – Father of Logic
Types of Logic:
1. Deductive reasoning – general to specific (top-
down logic) 2. Inductive reason – Specific to general - Used in prediction, forecasting, or behavior
Proposition – a statement that has truth value.
Notation – we shall represent proposition by lower-case