Int. J. of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research, Vol. xx(x), Xxx. 20xx.

2088-2033 (pISSN: 0853-4098) 1

COMPARATION BETWEEN MECHANICAL

AND ECO-FRIENDLY ELECTRICAL
PROPULSION SYSTEM ON FISHING
VESSEL 30 GT
Alexander Volta Matondang 1, Eddy Setyo Koenhardono 2, Juniarko Prananda 3

Abstract⎯ The rise of the global warming issue is the main cause of green technology development,
in addition to the depletion of oil content in the earth. Changes in the use of fossil fuels into
environmentally friendly fuels are the main targets of green technology. The application of green
technology to fishing communities is the change of mechanical propulsion systems into electrical
propulsion systems on their fishing vessels. In an electric propulsion system, as propeller drive is
an electric motor using batteries and solar panels as an energy source.
The purpose of this paper is to make comparisons between conventional propulsion systems and
electrical propulsion systems with battery power and solar power on a 30 GT purse seine vessel.
The methodology used is technical and economic analysis within 10 years of operation. Based on
the analysis, the electric propulsion system is more advantageous than the propulsion system used
by today's 30 GT purse seine vessels. Break event point between the two propulsion systems is
reached in the year ..... During the operation period of 10 years, the advantages of using electric
propulsion system is ..... rupiah...
Keywords- Batteries, Fishing Vessels, Electrical Propulsion Systems

Electrical propulsion system is a propulsion system on a

I. INTRODUCTION1
The rise of the global warming issue is the
main cause of green technology development,
in addition to the depletion of oil content in the
earth. Changes in the use of fossil fuels into
environmentally friendly fuels are the main
targets of green technology. The application of
green technology to fishing communities is the
change of mechanical propulsion systems into
electrical propulsion systems on their fishing
vessels. In an electric propulsion system, as
propeller drive is an electric motor using
batteries and solar panels as an energy source.
Seeing that it is necessary to do a break through to find a
solution for the fishermen, so they can be separated from
the problem of availability fossil fuels. One alternative
solution for fishermen to get rid of dependence on fossil
fuels is to replace their ship's propulsion motor, which
was originally a diesel engine replaced by an
environmentally friendly electric propulsion system.
Alexander Volta Matondang, Department of Marine Engineering,
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia,
Email : alexander.matondang13@mhs.ne.its.ac.id
Eddy Setyo Koenhardono, Department of Marine Engineering,
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia,
Email : eddy-koen@its.ac.id
Juniarko Prananda, Department of Marine Engineering, Institut
Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia, Email :
juniarko.prananda@gmail.com
ship that uses the resources of the battery as the power
supply of the driving machine, here is DC motor. In this
case, the battery is arranged parallel or series and then
connected to the controller (power management system)
then directly forwarded to the electric motor DC and
then the electric motor DC will drive the propeller.
However, there will be problems, it comes from the
battery which is very limited in capacity, and it’s
difficult for ship to carry a lot of batteries to meet their
needs. In this way, it is important to choose the right
battery with the power efficiency and the right weight to
be placed of fish vessel.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Electrical Propulsion System
Electrical propulsion system is a system on a ship that
can use a generator set or battery as a driving machine to
replace the position or performance of the main engine.
The working principle of the generator is connected to
the switchboard, and then the energy or electric current is
passed to the transformer, then converted by using a
converter to an electric motor that drives the ship's
propeller. While using the battery, the working principle
of the battery is arranged in parallel or series then
connected to the controller (power management system),
and there will be forwarded directly to the DC motor and
DC motor will drive the propeller.
Basically the electric-propulsion was an ultimate
alternative of vessel which is very expensive and less
efficient. This is mainly due to the use of large and heavy
DC motor construction. In connection with the rapid
Int. J. of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research, Vol. xx(x), Xxx. 20xx. 2088-2033 (pISSN: 0853-4098) 2

development of the application of electronics and

computer technology, the application of DC systems to
AC systems, the development of machine reliability,
'marinezation' of electronic systems, and most
importantly the development of Thyristor-converter.
Now it is possible to equip a ship with electrical systems
with unlimited power capacity based on the Power-
station concept.

Figure 1. Electrical Propulsion System

B. Battery can react to store

Battery energy or release
(Battery) is a energy. The
device that can more energy
change the stored by a
chemical energy battery, the more
of stores into batteries it
electrical energy needs. Each
that can be used battery
by an electronic device or motor with direct current technology has a certain ratio between the mass of
source. Batteries store energy in the form of chemicals, batteries and the energy that can be stored

Figure 2 Energy Densities of Batteries (www.super-b.com)

C. Battery Management System (Battery Monitoring
System)
The Battery Monitoring System (BMS) is an electronic
device that manages battery recharging (cell or battery
pack), and monitors the state of the battery, calculates
secondary data, reports battery data, protects the battery,
adjusts the battery condition, And or maintain battery
balance.
D. DC Motor
Direct current motor (DC motor) is a machine that
converts direct current electric energy into mechanical
energy. Direct current motors work based on the
principle of interaction between two magnetic fluxes.
Where the field coil will produce magnetic flux that
direction from the north pole to the south pole and the
anchor coil will produce a circular magnetic flux. The
interaction between these two magnetic fluxes generates
Int. J. of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research, Vol. xx(x), Xxx. 20xx. 2088-2033 (pISSN: 0853-4098) 3

a force that will cause torque or torque. An electric current-carrying current is placed in a magnetic field, a
motor is a machine that converts the input energy into force of magnitude F = B will occur. I. L (Nw). The
mechanical output energy, so basically a direct current direction of the F style can be determined based on
machine can function as a motor or generator. When a Flemming's left-handed law.

Figure 3. Direct current motor construction

Figure 4. Flemming left hand rule

Equation Style according to left hand law Flamming wm = Kecepatan Sudut

F=B .I . l (Newton) (1) The angular velocity of the motor can be defined by the
Where : following formula:
2phi
F = Force of lorenz (Newton) wm = nm x /60 (6)
I = The current flowing in the anchor conductor
(Ampere) With nm is the number of turns the motor performs
B = Flux density (Weber/m2) DC Motor Efficiency
L = The length of the anchor conductor (m) As with other electric machines, in direct current
electric engines, the efficiency is expressed as follows:
While the torque generated motor can be determined by:
T=F.r (2) (7)
When the torque generated motor is greater than the load Or on the motor:
torque then the motor will rotate.
The amount of load torque can be written with: (8)

(3) (9)

E. Loading On Fish Vessels

(4) 1. The lights
Dimana : T = Torque (N-m) a) 24 Volt Navigation Lights
r = radius (m) • Pile lamp
K = constant • Left and right hull lights
Φ = flux each pole • Stern lamp
Ia = anchor current (A) b) Floodlight And Working Lamp
P = number of pole AC-220 Volt
z = number of conductors • 400W / 220V capacitor fish
a = parallel branch collecting lamp mounted on the
steering wheel home.
DC Motor Power Output • Lights set
Pout = Tout . wm (5) • Lamps lamps AC-220V pendant /
Where; Pout = Daya waterproof type
Tout = Torsi - Steering room
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- ABK room - Preparation of arrest

- Kitchen - Preparation of arrest
- Outer stern light - Catch operation
- Side lamps upper - Decrease of equipment (Setting)
building - Lifting of equipment and catch
- Upper building back 4. Back to land
lights
- Engine room III. METHODOLOGY
2. Navigation and Communication The method that will be used to solve this problem is
• GPS using calculation and analysis method. Where in the
• Fish Finder calculation is the total selection of all the existing load,
• Wet 4” diameter Compass the determination of batteries and economic analysis.
• Binocular The initial stage is the calculation of the total load during
• Radio communication SSB (all band) the voyage and then determining the capacity of the
+ antenna battery needed. Further analysis is done in the selection
3. Pump and Purse Seine Machine of various types of batteries that are effective and
efficient. The final is the analysis of expenditure
F. Propulsor (Propeller) economic cost for each system.
Propulsor or motion apparatus whose function converts
the mechanical energy of the rotation in the electric IV. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
motor into vertically translational mechanical energy to
1. The main size of the ship
drive the vessel. These are the generally propellers.
The vessel to be analyzed is a 30 GT fishing boat with
purse seine and sail fishing equipment using a one day
G. Condition of Fish Vessel Operation
trip system for 9 hours with the ship dimensions as
1. Preparation at port / land (Fishing Base)
shown in table 1 below:
2. Sailing to catching area (Fishing Ground)
3. Capture Process
Table 1. The main dimensions of 30 GT fish vessels

Type of ships Fishing Vessel

Length (Lwl) 21.5 m
Length (Lpp) 19 m
Breadth (B) 5 m
Height (H) 1.6 m
Draft (T) 1.1 m
Velocity (Vs) 9 knot
Coeff. Prismatic (Cp) 0.712
Coeff. Block (Cb) 0.568
Coeff Midship (Cm) 0.799

2. The main loading on the ship software, it is obtained the results of the calculation in
Based on the simulation results using Maxsurf resistance and power as in table 2 below:

Table 2. Resistance and ship power based on Maxsurf simulation

Froude Froude
Speed Holtrop Holtrop
No. No.
Resist. Power
(kn) LWL Vol.
(N) (kW)
0 0 0 -- --
0.75 0.027 0.062 36.38 0.026
1.5 0.053 0.124 131.45 0.184
2.25 0.08 0.185 279.7 0.589
3 0.106 0.247 478.7 1.343
3.75 0.133 0.309 728.38 2.555
Int. J. of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research, Vol. xx(x), Xxx. 20xx. 2088-2033 (pISSN: 0853-4098) 5

4.5 0.159 0.371 1037.92 4.369

5.25 0.186 0.432 1440.11 7.072
6 0.213 0.494 2002.7 11.239
6.75 0.239 0.556 2840.11 17.931
7.5 0.266 0.618 3984.23 27.95
8.25 0.292 0.68 5924.51 45.718
9 0.319 0.741 8775.57 73.874

In accordance with the simulation results using 3. Additional loading on power consumption in ship in
Maxsurf software, it will be used DC motor with a the form of electrical equipment.
minimum power of 73,874 kW.
And the selected DC Motor specs are: Additional loading is a loading in the form of other
Merk :Siemens 1HQ6 Size 180 loading on board, except on the electric motor (main
RPM : 2000 loading) as in table 3 below:
Daya : 75 kW

Table 3. Aditional load electrical equipment on fishing vessels

Current
Power Voltage Time
Name Unit ( I*t
( kW) (Volt) Operation
Ampere)
Service Pump
1 1,5
(Ebara 65x60 220 6.82 1 6.82
unit kW
FS4JA)
Bilge Pump
1 1,5
(Ebara 65x60 220 6.82 1 6.82
unit kW
FS4JA)
Purse Seine 1
23 kW 220 104.5 2.5 261.25
Machine unit
Navigation 4
240 W 24 10 1 10
Lamp (*) unit
Emergency 1
60 W 24 2.5 1 2.5
Lamp (*) unit
Radio 1
25 W 24 1.05 9 9.45
Communication unit
Fish Collecting 10
4 kW 220 18.18 1 18.18
Lamp (*) Bh
15
Lighting (*) 600 W 220 2.73 1 2.73
Bh
Total 30.825 152.6 317.75

After calculation of the loading on power consumption then it is obtained the total loading on the ship as
on the ship both the main loading and additional loading, follows:

Table 4. Total load on fish vessels

Power Voltage Current Time

Name Unit I*t
( kW) (Volt) ( Ampere) Operation
Service Pump
1,5
(Ebara 65x60 1 unit 220 6.82 1 6.82
kW
FS4JA)
Bilge Pump
1,5
(Ebara 65x60 1 unit 220 6.82 1 6.82
kW
FS4JA)
Purse Seine 23
1 unit 220 104.5 2.5 261.25
Machine kW
Int. J. of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research, Vol. xx(x), Xxx. 20xx. 2088-2033 (pISSN: 0853-4098) 6

Navigation 240
4 unit 24 10 1 10
Lamp (*) W
Emergency
1 unit 60 W 24 2.5 1 2.5
Lamp (*)
Radio
1 unit 25 W 24 1.05 9 9.45
Communication
Fish Collecting
10 Bh 4 kW 220 18.18 1 18.18
Lamp (*)
600
Lighting (*) 15 Bh 220 2.73 1 2.73
W
75
DC Motor 1 unit 420 178.57 6 1071.429
kW
Total
106 331.17143 1389.179
Daya
4. Weight equipment and payload
Based on calculation using Maxsurf software, then it
got value from weight Displasment every change Draft
ship as in table 5 below:

From the results obtained from the above calculation it

can be determined the power requirements to be used in
a single voyage is the value of Flow = 1.389.18 Ampere.

Table 5. Vessel displasment of any draft

changes Draft of Ships (m)
0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2
Displacement
41252 48652 56386 64453 72850
(kg)
Draft at FP
0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2
(m)
Draft at AP
0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2
(m)

The electrical propulsion system in this design will use
only the resources of the battery. Then we will choose
the right and efficient battery in terms of capacity,
weight and breadth. Table 6. in addition to describing the
types of batteries that can be selected.
With the knowledge of the power requirement for 1
trip (trip) that is 9 hours, it can be determined how many
batteries will be used.

Table 6. Types of batteries

Information

Name Capacity Voltage Weight Dimension

(AH) (Volt) (kg) (mm)

Deep Blue Sealed 561 X 265 X

220 24 77.1
Type: Gel 286
Smart Battery 740 X 411 X
300 48 179.6
Type: Lithium Ion 447
Luminous ILTT
503 X 189 X
26060 220 12 50
362
Type: Tubuler
Lit/24-200 605 X 155 X
200 24 62
Type: Lithium Ion 490
Int. J. of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research, Vol. xx(x), Xxx. 20xx. 2088-2033 (pISSN: 0853-4098) 7

MDL 2-250H 624 X 192 X

250 24 180
Type: Lead Acid 627
NSB/210FT
560 X 126 X
BLUE+ 216 12 69
328
Type: Pure Lead

The calculation of the battery requirement for shown in Table 7, while for the additional load shown in
electrical propulsion system in the form of a DC motor is Table 8.

Table 7. Battery requirements on DC motors

Information
The Use of Battery
Name Capacity Voltage Weight
Total Dimension (mm)
(AH) (Volt) (kg) Seri Parallel Total
Weight (kg)
Deep Blue Sealed
220 24 77.1 18 5 85 6571 4770 X 2805 X 286
Type: Gel
Smart Battery
300 48 179.6 9 4 31 5612 3700 X 3000 X 447
Type: Lithium Ion
Luminous ILTT 26060
220 12 50 35 5 170 8523 6510 X 2515 X 362
Type: Tubuler
Lit/24-200
200 24 62 18 6 105 6510 2712 X 3630 X 490
Type: Lithium Ion
MDL 2-250H
250 24 180 18 5 88 15750 3360 X 3120 X 627
Type: Lead Acid
NSB/210FT BLUE+
216 12 69 35 5 174 11979 4410 X 2800 X 328
Type: Pure Lead

Table 8. Battery requirements on electrical equipment

Information
The Use of Battery
Name Capacity Voltage Weight
Total Dimension (mm)
(AH) (Volt) (kg) Seri Parallel Total
Weight (kg)
Deep Blue Sealed
220 24 77.1 9 2 18 1414 2385 X 1122 X 286
Type: Gel
Smart Battery
300 48 179.6 5 1 5 823 2055 X 740 X 447
Type: Lithium Ion
Luminous ILTT 26060
220 12 50 18 2 37 1833 3420 X 1006 X 362
Type: Tubuler
Lit/24-200
200 24 62 9 2 18 1137 1395 X 1210 X 490
Type: Lithium Ion
MDL 2-250H
250 24 180 9 2 18 3300 1728 X 1248 X 627
Type: Lead Acid
NSB/210FT BLUE+ 216 12 69 18 2 37 2530 2268 X 1120 X 328
Type: Pure Lead

5. Variation of payload weight LWT (tanpa baterai) = 22.89 ton

This payload variation occurs because of the Wtotal = 2.04 ton
difference in weight of each type of battery that will be Payload = Displasment - Wtotal -
used on the ship. So with the difference in weight of each LWT – Weight total
battery this resulted in the reduction of payload itself. The result of payload variation for more is shown in
Displasment = 64.453 ton Figure 5.
Int. J. of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research, Vol. xx(x), Xxx. 20xx. 2088-2033 (pISSN: 0853-4098) 8

Figure 5. Flemming left hand rule

6. Analysis of economic studies which means the break-even point in which the position
The calculation of economical studies in this study of the amount of income and cost is equal or equal.
involves calculating the cost of new shipbuilding, battery a. New shipbuilding.
cost, expense cost and the BEP (Break Even Point) value

Table 9. Summary of new shipbuilding costs

I THE TOTAL COST OF MATERIAL AND LABOR WAGES Rp 1,729,749,553

II THE NUMBER OF THE PRODUCTION OVERHEAD COSTS Rp 139,980,000

III THE NUMBER OF THE GENERAL OVERHEAD COSTS Rp 85,000,000

THE AMOUNT OF ALL FEES Rp 1,954,729,553

PPN 10% Rp 195,472,955
PRICE FOR 1 (ONE) UNIT Rp 2,150,202,508
b. Initial investment
Table 10. Total investment cost for battery procurement

Capacity Voltage Total of Unit Price Total Price

No Type of Battery
(AH) (Volt) Battery (Rp) (Rp)

Deep Blue Sealed

1 220 24 104 8.021.400 830.695.576
Type: Gel
Smart Battery
2 300 48 36 208.572.000 7.473.777.857
Type: Lithium Ion
Luminous ILTT 26060
3 220 12 207 3.934.240 814.823.192
Type: Tubuler
Lit/24-200
4 200 24 123 28.077.000 3.453.471.000
Type: Lithium Ion
MDL 2-250H
5 250 24 106 15.500.000 1.543.000.000
Type: Lead Acid
NSB/210FT BLUE+
6 216 12 210 6.992.000 1.470.252.511
Type: Pure Lead
Int. J. of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research, Vol. xx(x), Xxx. 20xx. 2088-2033 (pISSN: 0853-4098) 9

The cost of supplying the battery listed in the table is amount of voltage and capacity. Below are the data of
strongly influenced by the type (type) of battery and the investment cost for battery charger in table 11.

Table 11. Total investment cost for battery charger

Input Output
No Type Power Effisiensi Total Price (Rp)
Voltage Voltage
BC Series Air-Cooled 112-225 VDC
1 3 kW 100-240 VAC 92% 4 54.000.000
EV Battery Charger 225-450 VDC

After analyzing the effectiveness and efficiency of Type : Gel

the six types of batteries as shown in Figure 6, it can be Capacity : 220 Ah
concluded and selected the type of battery to be selected. Voltage : 24 Volt
The selection of these batteries is based also based on the Number of battery: 104
size of the cost that needs to be invested as well as the Price : Rp. 830.695.576
tolerance to the large payload. So the selected battery is:
Name : Deep Blue Sealed c. Comparison of initial investment

Figure 6. Graph of comparison of initial investment

d. Comparison of expanses in a year

1. Expense of mechanical propulsion system Thus, fuel consumption in a year can be calculated as
This fuel cost calculation refers to the data of 30GT in the following calculation results:
fishing boats using diesel motors before being modified Total fuel = Consumption of fuel once sailed X
using an electric propulsion system. 52 weeks of the year
Here's the calculation for the cost of fuel = 2 ton/weeks X 52 weeks
consumption in a year: = 104 ton
Length of ship (Lwl) : 21.5 m Thus, the cost of fuel expenditure in a year can be
Length of ship (Lpp) : 19 m calculated in the following ways:
Breadth (B) :5m Cost for fuel oi = Total fuel oil X price of fuel oil
Height (H) : 1.6 m = 104 ton X 390.5 USD/ton*
Draft (T) : 1.1 m = 40.612 USD
Velocity (Vs) : 9 knot = Rp. 543.347.948 /year
Main Engine (Diesel) : 80 kW *Price of fuel = 390.5 USD/Ton
Fuel consumption : 2 ton / week (sail 5 days per (source : www.bunkerindex.com)
week)
2. The cost of discharging the electric propulsion system
Int. J. of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research, Vol. xx(x), Xxx. 20xx. 2088-2033 (pISSN: 0853-4098) 10

Table 12. Determination of electricity tarif adjustment

From table 12. above can be selected tariff class 1.467,28 / kWh. With total expenditure for 1 year is Rp.
according to minimum power required. Then the 180.000.000, -.
appropriate tariff is the tariff class R-3 / TR with a power The results of the calculations of the two systems can
limit of 6.6 kVA-200kVA with the price tariff of Rp. be summarized into the following table 13:

Table 13. Summary of operating costs

No. System Operational cost

1 Diesel Engine Rp. 543.347.948
2 Battery Rp. 180.000.000

7. BEP Analysis (Breake Even Point) costs each year from the comparison of several systems
In the analysis of electric propulsion system is BEP can show the breakeven or balanced of the value of
analysis required for investment costs and operational investment and operational costs of each.

Figure 3. BEP Graph (Break Even Point)

Int. J. of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research, Vol. xx(x), Xxx. 20xx. 2088-2033 (pISSN: 0853-4098)
After obtaining the time until it reaches a balanced [1]
point, then for the next (years) time it can be concluded
that the electrical propulsion system becomes more
[2]
economical and profitable within 10 years (battery life
time) until the new battery turns back. [3]
V. CONCLUSION
[4]
After performing technical analysis and economical
study of electrical propulsion system on 30 GT fishing
[5]
boat, it can be concluded that:
1. The use of electrical propulsion systems in power
source of the battery is more advantageous than the
mechanical propulsion system using diesel motors. [6]
This is where the total cost of discharging for the
mechanical propulsion system is greater than the
electrical propulsion system. [7]
11
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