1ST QUARTER
MODERN ART
The 20th century saw a boom in the interchange of ideas,
beliefs, values, and lifestyles that continues to bring the
citizens of the world closer together
TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKTHROUGHS
-from the Industrial Revolution of the late 1800s, the world
zoomed into the Electronic Age in the mid-1900s, then into
the present of Cyberspace Age
SOCIAL, POLITICAL, AND ENVIRONMENT CHANGES
-Migration across the globe has allowed different cultures,
languages, skills, and even physical characteristics of different
races to intermingle like never before
EFFECTS ON THE WORLD OF ART
-The art movements of the late 19th century to the 20th
century captured and expressed all these and more
IMPRESSIONISM: ORIGINS OF THE
MOVEMENT
-IMPRESSIONISM was an art movement that emerged in the
second half of the 19th century among a group of Paris-based
artists
-painting styles:
neo-impressionism, post-impressionism, fauvism, cubism
-The name impressionism was coined from the title of a work
by French painter Claude Monet, Impression, soleil levant
(Impression, Sunrise)
-the term precisely captured what this group of artists sought
to represent in their works: the viewer’s momentary
“impression” of an image
-it was not intended to be clear or precise, but more like a
fleeting fragment of reality caught on canvas, sometimes in
mid-motion, at other times awkwardly positioned- just as it
would be in real life
IMPRESSIONISM: A BREAK FROM PAST
PAINTING TRADITIONS
-there were several areas in which impressionist artists
moved away from the established practices of art at that time
COLOR AND LIGHT
-the painting conventions and techniques of earlier art
periods were very much concerned with line, form, and
composition
-they used “broken” strokes that were intentionally made
visible to the viewer
“EVERYDAY” SUBJECTS
-impressionists also began to break away from the creation of
formally posed portraits and grandiose depictions of
mythical, literary, or religious subjects
-they ventured into capturing scenes of life around them,
household objects, landscapes and seascape, houses, cafes,
and buildings
PAINTING OUTDOORS
-the impressionists found that they could best capture the
ever-changing effects of light on color by painting outdoors in
natural light
OPEN COMPOSITION
-they experimented with unusual visual angles, sizes of
objects that appeared out of the proportion, off-center
placement, and empty spaces on the canvas
THE INFLUENCE OF PHOTOGRAPHY
-photography was in its early stages at this time as well
-photography inspired impressionists to capture fleeting
moments of action, whether in landscapes or in the day-to-
day lives of people
IMPRESSIONISM: WORKS OF MONET,
RENOIR, AND MANET
-by the 1870s, the stage was set for the emergence of the
next major art movement in Europe, impressionism
-it started with a group of French painters—that included
Claude Monet, Auguste Renoir, and Edouard Manet—and
eventually spread to other countries, such as Italy, Germany,
and the Netherlands
CLAUDE MONET
-was one of the founders of the impressiomist movement
along with his friends Auguste Renoir, Alfred Sisley, and
Frederic Bazille
-he was the most prominent of the group, and is considered
the most influential figure in the movement
-Monet is best known for his landscape paintings, particularly
those depicting his beloved flower gardens and water lily
ponds at his home in Giverny
-Works: bsta naas book hahahahahahahah
AUGUSTE RENOIR
-was one of the central figures of the impressionist
movement
-his early works were snapshots of real life, full of sparkling
color and light
-by the mid-1800s, Renoir broke away from the impressionist
movement to apply a more disciplined, formal technique to
portraits of actual people and figure paintings
EDOUARD MANET
-was one of the first 19th-century artists to depict modern-life
subjects
-he was a key figure in the transition from realism to
impressionism, with a number of his works considered as
marking the birth of modern art
POST-IMPRESSIONISM: WORKS OF CEZANNE AND VAN GOGH
-The European artists who were at the forefront of this
movement continued using the basic qualities of the
impressionists before them—the vivid colors, heavy brush
strokes, and true-to-life subjects
-however, they expanded and experimented with these in
bold new ways, like using a geometric approach, fragmenting
objects and distorting people’s faces and body parts, and
applying colors that were not necessarily realistic or natural
PAUL CEZANNE
-was a French artist and post-impressionist painter
-his work exemplified the transition from late 19 th-century
impressionism to a new and radically different world of art in
the 2Oth century—paving the way for the next revolutionary
art movement known as expressionism
VINCENT VAN GOGH
-was a post-impressionist painter from the Netherlands
-his works were remarkable for their strong, heavy brush
strokes, intense emotions, and colors that appeared to
almost pulsate with energy
-his striking style was to have a far-reaching influence on 20 th-
century art, with his works becoming among the most
recognized in the world
EXPRESSIONISM: A BOLD NEW MOVEMENT
-in the early 1900s, a movement arose in the Western art
world that came to be known as expressionism
-expressionist artists created works with more emotional
force, rather than with realistic or natural images
-they distorted outlines, applied strong colors, and
exaggerated forms
-they worked more with their imagination and feelings, rather
than with what their eyes saw in the physical world
EXPRESSIONISM ART STYLES:
-neoprimitivism
-fauvism
-dadaism
-surrealism
-social realism
NEOPRIMITIVISM
- an art style that incorporated elements from the native arts
of the South Sea Islanders and the wood carvings of African
tribes that surged in popularity at that time
Amedeo Modigliani
- Used the oval faces and elongated shapes of African
art in both his sculptures and paintings
FAUVISM
- a style that used bold, vibrant colors and visual distortions
-Its name was derived from les fauves (“wild beasts”),
referring to the group of French expressionist painters who
painted in this style
Henri Matisse
- one of the French expressionist painters and the
most known
DADAISM
- a style characterized by dream fantasies, memory
images, and visual tricks and surprises – as in the
paintings of Giorgio de Chirico
- although the works appeared playful, the movement
arose from the pain that a group of European artists
felt after the suffering brought by World War I
European Artists
- rebelled against established norms and authorities,
and against the traditional styles in art
- choose the child’s term for hobbyhorse, dada, to
refer to their new “nonstyle.”
SURREALISM
- a style that depicted an illogical, subconscious dream world
that seemed to exist beyond the logical, conscious, physical
one
-its name came from the term “super realism,” with its
artworks clearly expressing a departure from reality – as
though he artists were dreaming, seeing illusions, or
experiencing and altered mental state
Surrealist Works
- depicted morbid or gloomy subjects
SOCIAL REALISM
-expressed the artist’s role in social reform
-artists used their works to protest against the injustices,
inequalities, immortality, and ugliness of the human condition
-in different periods of history, social realists have addressed
different issues: war, poverty, corruption, industrial and
environmental hazards, and more—in the hope of raising
people’s awareness and pushing society to seek reforms
ABSTRACTIONISM
-had the same spirit of freedom of expression and openness
that characterized life in the 20th century, but it differed from
expressionism in certain ways
-ABSTRACTIONIST movement arose from the intellectual
points of view in the 20th century
-logical and rational
-involved analyzing, detaching, selecting, and simplifying
-REPRESENTATIONAL ABSTRACTIONISM depicting still-
recognizable subjects
-PURE ABSTRACTIONISM where no recognizable subject could
be discerned
ABSTRACTIONISM ART STYLES:
-cubism
-futurism
-mechanical style
-nonobjectivism
CUBISM
-CUBIST style derived its name from the cube, a three-
dimensional geometric figure composed of strictly measured
lines, planes, and angles
-CUBIST ARTWORKS were a play of planes and angles on a flat
surface
-one of the cubists was Pablo Picasso
-CUBISTS analyzed their subjects’ basic geometrical forms,
and broke them up into a series of planes
-they reassembled these planes, tilting and interlocking them
in different ways
-took the contemporary view that things are actually seen
hastily in fragments and from different points of view at the
same time
FUTURISM
-began in Italy in the early 1900s
-the futurists created art for a fast-paced, machine-propelled
age
-they admired the motion, force, speed, and strength of
mechanical forms
-their works depicted the dynamic sensation of all these
MECHANICAL STYLE
-basic forms such as planes, cones, spheres, and cylinders all
fit together precisely and neatly in their appointed places
-mechanical parts such as crankshafts, cylinder blocks, and
pistons are brightened only by the use of primary colors
NONOBJECTIVISM
-logical geometric conclusion of abstractionism
-lines, shapes, and colors were used in a cool, impersonal
approach that aimed for balance, unity, and stability
-colors were mainly black, white, and the primaries
ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM
-world events in the mid-2oth century immensely influenced
the course of human life and the course of art history
-happened after World War I and World War II
THE NEW YORK SCHOOL
-reverse migration brought European scientists, architects,
and artists to American shores
-New York became a haven for the newly arrived artists and
their American counterparts
-“The New York School” as opposed to be “The School of
Paris” which had been very influential
ACTION PAINTING
-JACKSON POLLOCK worked on huge canvases spread on the
floor, splattering, squirting, and dribbling paint with no
preplanned pattern or design in mind
-the total effect is one of vitality, creativity, “energy made
visible”
COLOR FIELD PAINTING
-used different color saturations to create their desired
effects
-some of their works were huge fields of vibrant color—as in
the paintings of Mark Rothko and Barnett Newman
-others took the more intimate “pictograph” approach, filling
the canvas with repeating fragments or symbols—as in the
works of Adolph Gottlieb and Lee Krasner
POP ART, OP ART
POPULAR ART
-the pop art movement wanted to make reforms in museum to a café, theater, bar, or street corner
traditional values
-made use of commonplace, trivial, even nonsensical objects involves 4 basic elements:
-pop art artists seemed to enjoy nonsense for its own sake -Time
and simply wanted to laugh at the world -space
-their works ranged from paintings, to posters, to collages, to -the performer’s body
three-dimensional “assemblages” and installations -a relationship between performer and audience
-they made use of easily recognizable objects and images
from the merging consumer society—as in the prints of Andy
Warhol
-their inspirations were the celebrities, advertisements,
billboards, and comic strips that were becoming
commonplace at that time
-Roy Lichtenstein was an American pop artist who became a
leading figure in this new art movement, along with him were
Andy Warhol, Jasper Johns, and James Rosenquist

OPTICAL ART
-a movement that emerged from the 1960s
-another experiment in visual experience
-a form of “a form of action painting”, with the action taking
place in the viewer’s eye
-lines, spaces, and colors were precisely planned and
positioned to give the illusion of movement

CONCEPTUAL ART
-arose in the mind of the artist, took concrete form for a time,
and then disappeared
-CONCEPTUALISTS questioned the idea of art as objects to be
bought and sold
-they brought their artistic ideas to life temporarily, using
such unusual materials as grease, blocks of ice, food, even
just plain dirt
-requires little or no physical craftsmanship
-much of the artist’s time and effort goes into the concept or
idea behind the work, with the actual execution then being
relatively quick and simple

CONTEMPORARY ART FORMS:

INSTALLATION ART & PERFORMANCE ART
-INSTALLATION ART makes use of space and materials in truly
innovative ways, while PERFORMANCE ART makes uses of the
human body, facial expressions, gestures, and sound.
-both speak powerfully about contemporary issues,
challenging their viewers to respond

INSTALLATION ART
-is a contemporary art form that uses sculptural materials and
other media to modify the way the viewer experiences a
particular space
-usually lifesize or even larger
-is not necessarily confined to gallery spaces
-can be constructed or positioned in everyday public or
private space, both indoor and outdoor
-the installation artist’s manipulation of space and materials
has also been called “environmental art”, “project art”, and
“temporary art”
-materials used in today’s installation art range form
everyday items and natural materials to new media
-creates an entire sensory experience for the viewer
-some works allow the viewer to touch or feel, hear, and
smell elements that the artist has incorporated in the
installation

PERFORMANCE ART
-a form of modern art in which the actions of an individual or
a group at a particular place and in a particular time
constitute the work
-can happen anywhere, at any time, or for any length of time.

-include such activities as theater, dance, music, mime,

juggling, and gymnastics
-the performer himself or herself is the artist 2ND QUARTER
-the performance venue may range from an art gallery or
ARTS NOTES
Technology-based Art
- essentially computer-generated and/or
manipulated
Computer/ Digital Art
- first came on the scene in the early 1960s
- due to the technology that was constantly
developing and that became available at that
time
- made use of electronic and mechanical devices
- an exciting and thought-provoking form of
modern art
Engineers and Scientists
- who began to recognize the potential of artistic
expression through the application of scientific
and mathematical principles
Digital Artists
- used their works to express their views on
political, social, and cultural issues; as well as to
advocate causes that are critical to modern life,
such as the environment and climate change
Concept of Computer-Generated Works
- a means of serious artistic expression gained
ground among the younger generation of local
artists
Digital Works
- fine art
Institutions Offering Training Courses on the Digital
Arts:
- through scholarships given by the Animation
Council of the Philippines (ACPI)
- Courses such as these open up an array of
career opportunities for young Filipinos in the
fields of advertising, animation design,
multimedia communication, and web
development
- First Academy of Computer Arts
- Philippine Center for Creative Imaging (PCCI)
- Technical Education and Skills Development
Authority (TESDA)
Computer Technology
- now invaded every aspect of modern life
- inevitable that it would develop into forms and
devices that could be mass produced, mass
distributed, and therefore widely accessible to
everyone
Mobile Phone
- evolved from a mere communication tool, into
a creative device that allows you to generate
original works of art for an entire range of
purposes
- these could be personal photographs and
videos that you can manipulate with a myriad
special effects, both visual as well as sound and
music
- could also be school projects or reports that
require you to combine images, incorporate
text, even include simple animation
Modern Mobile Devices:
- android tablets
- phones
- combination of both called “phablets”
Traditional Photo Editors
- used to perform manually—cropping,
retouching, airbrushing—are now just a few of
the many editing effects done for you with split-
second ease at the click of a mouse, a keyboard
command, or a few taps and drags of your
finger on a touch screen
Pixlr
- a powerful, free online image editor
Pic Collage
- allows you to make collages incorporating
photos, stickers, text, and frames
Photo Grid
- a downloadable application for android phones
that allows you to make collages out of images
from your photo gallery
Doodle Booth
- an iPad application (with a free downloadable
version) that enables you to ‘doodle’ on your
images using available stickers
Photo Booth
- an application for taking photos and videos
using an iPad or iPad mini (a version for the
iPhone, called SimpleBooth, is also available)
Magic Mirror Booth
- an iPhone application that allows you to take
amusing, distorted images, simulating camera
effects
Pic Monkey
- a free online photo editing tool that provides
filters, frames, text, and effects to manipulate
your images
Flipagram
- a downloadable application that allows you to
‘bring your photos to life’ in short videos set to
music of your choice
Picsart
 - a free photo editor and drawing application, as - Paint Star
well as a social network for you to share your - Smooth Draw
art with others - Spray
- Karbon
Snapseed - Adobe Photoshop Express
- a photo application that enables you to - Corel PaintShop Pro X5
enhance, transform, and share your photos; a
Cameras
free downloadable version for android phones
is available - essentially sealed boxes that would allow a
split-second entry of light to strike a section of
Instagram light- sensitive film inside it
- a fast and fun way to share images with others;
Photographer
snap a photo, choose from among the available
filters, and share via Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, - would then have to process the exposed film in
and more a special enclosed space known as a “dark
room”—and only then would the recorded
Special Features of these: images be seen
- frames
Types of Digital Camera:
- borders
- banners - point-and-shoot
- filters - digital single lens reflex (DSLR)
- cropping in different shapes
Point-and-Shoot
- automatic collage or color change
- stickers - automatically makes all the adjustments in
- text bubbles lighting, focus, zoom-in and zoom-out, even
- effects such as warp removal of “red eye” with the user being given
- skew some leeway for slight adjustments
- tunnel - offers image enhancement features like
- fish eye adjusting color and brightness imbalances, as
- negative well as sharpening or blurring the image
- adding “spot color” to only certain elements of - offer unique effects like “fish eye” or filters that
an image allow pre-setting of the photo to be taken with
- creating a photo montage with music a colored tint or a special texture
- allows the user to immediately review the
Computer Generated Images
photos taken without waiting for a complex
- you may make your own illustrations using developing process—and to delete any
specialized programs for image generation and unsatisfactory images while storing the good
manipulation ones for future needs

Adobe Illustrator and Corel Draw Digital Single Lens Reflex (DSLR)

- designed to run on desktop computers and
laptops, so you would need to have access to
these larger and more complex devices
Scaled-Down Version of Programs
- developed for use on smaller, handheld units
like your personal tablet or android phone
- enable you to perform virtually all of the tasks
that a program like Illustrator performs but,
almost literally, in the palm of your hand
Among such programs are:
- Gimp (GNU Image Manipulation Program)
- Paint.net
- Inkscape
- Xara Extreme
- Artweaver
- Draw Plus
- Pencil
- Picasa
- provides the film-less and instant review
features of a “point-and-shoot” type of digital
camera, but gives the photographer much more
artistic freedom and control to select the
camera settings to create the desired final
image with the preferred visual effects
Film Photography
- has an authenticity and genuineness to its
images that is lost in the artificial and automatic
manipulations of digital photography
Basic Tips for Taking Good Photographs
Whether you are using a point-and-shoot camera or a
DSLR, there are basic guidelines for capturing a good
quality photographic image:
- Choose a good location. An interesting location
can sometimes make the difference between a
good and a great photo.
 - Check that the available background is relatively
simple and not too cluttered, so that the focus
will be on your chosen subject.
- Natural light in the outdoors or near a window
is usually the most flattering or effective for any
kind of subject. Ideally, the best light for photos
is within the first hour after sunrise and the last
hour before sunset.
- Avoid taking shots facing the light, as this would
make your subject back-lit and most of the
details would be lost in shadow.
- If you intend to take a posed shot, position your
subject where you want in relation to the
location, background, and source of light.
- If you intend to take a candid shot, position
yourself where you can capture the most
interesting, amusing, touching, or engaging
moment or expression.
- Take a variety of shots—ranging from far shots
showing the surroundings, to medium-distance
shots concentrating on the main subject, to
tight or close-up shots that focus on details of
the subject. You can then choose from among
all these for the best photo or photos.
Video Games
- form of every conceivable genre, subject
matter, and skill level
- range from educational games and mind
twisters, to building and construction games, to
ones that entail physical interaction by the
users (sports, fitness, dance)
- there are the tremendously popular games of
strategy, war, science fiction, and mythical
worlds
Mythical Worlds
- employ amazingly complex and realistic
graphics, motion, sound, and other special
effects
Video Game Fans
- become video game creators themselves
Examples of such programs are:
Twine
- http://twinery.org/
Stencyl
- https://www.udemy.com/create-your-first-
computer-game-with- stencyl/
GameMaker
- https://www.yoyogames.com/learn
Digital Painting
- a method of creating an artwork using a
computer
- different from the image generating devices and
programs
- create, modify, store, and share images entirely
on a laptop, tablet, or android phone
- makes use of traditional painting mediums such
as acrylic paint, oils, ink, and watercolor and
also applies the pigment to traditional surfaces,
such as canvas, paper, polyester etc
- employing computer software that drives a type
of robot device (such as a plotter) or an office
machine (such as a printer) that takes the place
of the artist’s hand
- o refers to a technique using a graphics
software program to create an artwork that is
totally virtual
Canvas, Brushes, Paints
- all virtual, existing only within the computer
Visual Format
- where the finished work is stored
- to be shared through cyber space
Ctrl+Paint
- an example of an online resource for teaching
yourself digital painting for free, via simple
videos and mini tutorials
Social Media Purposes
- another tremendously powerful and innovative
field that digital technology has revolutionized
is that of creating and presenting videos
- provided a new platform for video materials
targeting the “netizens” of today
YouTube
- from music, dance, and stage performances to
tutorials of all kinds to recipes to documentaries
to news clips to marriage proposals
Digital Technology
- to capture and edit such videos is contained
right in your tablets and android phones
Raw Video Clips
- can be enhanced and modified with a myriad of
effects depending on the particular video
application you have installed in your device
Medical/ Scientific Purposes
- imaging videos in the fields of medicine and
science
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computerized
Tomography (CT scans)
- used to create and record visual images of a
patient’s internal anatomy in order to diagnose
and treat diseases and injuries
Ultrasound Tests or Sonograms
- translate sound waves bouncing off physical
objects into images that can be studied—
whether a baby developing in the womb (in 2D,
3D, and 4D options), growths or malformations
inside the body, structural flaws in buildings, as
well as objects in outer space, underground,
and deep in the ocean