Correlates with SS8H9a

World War H (19391945)

World War I devastated Europe. European countries had suffered ,Vocabullary
great loss of life, factories had been damaged or destroyed, and
European nations had very little money to rebuild their economies. fascism: a political philosophy
At the same time, the Great Depression in America had a ripple in which total power is given to a
dictator and individual freedoms
effect around the world, causing a worldwide depression. When
are denied
trade with the United States slowed down, tough times in Europe
1=754
got even worse!
European governments struggled to get back on their feet. They were faced with huge political
and economic problems, and they could not do enough to help their people. As a result of these
problems, fasctsm swept across Europe.
The rise of fascism threatened peace in Europe and Asia, and it was a major cause of World War II.
Dictators came to power, including Adolf Hitler in Germany, Benito Mussolini in Italy, and Hideki
Tojo in Japan. These dictators led the countries that became known as the Axis Powers.
Events in post-World War I Europe set the stage for World War II, and it began on September 1, 1939,
when Germany invaded Poland.

Political instability and economic devastation in Europe resulting from World War I were
additional causes of World War II. Political and economic chaos was seen through worldwide
depression, high war debt owed by Germany, high inflation, and massive unemployment.

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After World War I, many European democracies were eager to maintain peace. To avoid
conflict, European democracies tried to "appease" the dictators by giving in to some of their
demands. Research what the policy of appeasement was and why it allowed dictators to go
unchecked in their quests for territory and power. Then, research how Adolf Hitler used the
policy of appeasement, and describe how he used it to his advantage.

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(4, ad States Drctirn Toward War
The United States remained neutral during the early years of World War II, and many
Americans saw it as a European problem. However, events began to draw the U.S. into
the conflict. Britain and her allies desperately needed supplies. In 1941, Congress
passed the Lend-Lease Act, which allowed President Roosevelt to lend or lease weapons,
supplies, and equipment to any country whose defense was critical to U.S. security.
Through Lend-Lease aid, Roosevelt laoped to help win the war against
the Axis Powers without committing U.S. troops to fight in Europe. The
program gave Britain and her allies more than $50 billion in supplies
including ammunition, tanks, airplanes, and food!
A large portion of the Lend-Lease aid went to help defend Britain against
German invasion. Lend-Lease supplies and weapons were also sent to
Mediterranean nations to fight against fascist Italy.
Llestil2 Ville Laid-Lease Ac2
Ultimately, the Lend-Lease Act was used to buy time for the United States since it was
not prepared for war in the early 1940s. By providing weapons and supplies to the
Allies, the U.S. could prepare its military and arsenal for war.
Later in 1941, the United States established bases on Greenland and Iceland to protect
its shipping from German submarine attacks.

Japan Attacks!
Rising tensions developed between the United States and Japan
due to Japanese aggression in China, Indochina, and Thailand.
As a result of the Japanese aggression, the United States halted
shipments of metal, machinery, and aviation fuel to the Japanese.
To further intimidate the Japanese, President Roosevelt moved
the U.S. Pacific Fleet of ships from California to Hawaii.
The Japanese felt threatened by U.S. movements in the Pacific.
From the naval base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, U.S. warships
could easily reach Japan and other territories in Asia. Japan also
resented the United States for sending aid to China during the
Japanese invasion. Attack on Pearl Harbor

The Japanese hoped to remove all U.S. influence from the Pacific region. To accomplish its plan,
Japan struck quickly and without warning because the Japanese knew their best chance for success
was to take as much U.S. territory in as short a time as possible.
On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Japanese bombers
struck just before 8 a.m., before manyAmericans at the naval base were even awake. The surprise
attack sank or damaged eight U.S. battleships, 13 other ships, and 188 airplanes. More than 2,000
people-lost-theirlives. -

Gallop Ivig-a116.ba
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 S i1ter.,
A survivor of the Pearl Harbor attack remembered December 7, 1941 as
"the day that everything changed," and that is exactly what happened.
Pearl Harbor greatly changed America's stance on neutrality. After the attack
on Pearl Harbor, most Americans were united in support of going to war and
no longer saw the war as a European problem.
On December 8, President Roosevelt gave his famous "Day of Infamy" speech
asking Congress for a declaration of war on Japan. Congress declared war on
Japan within hours of the President's speech, and the U.S. joined the side of
the Allied forces (France, Britain, and Russia) against the Axis forces. President Roosevelt gives his
"Day of Infamy" speech
The surprise attack on Pearl Harbor brought the enormous military might of the
United States into the war. It led to the defeat of the Axis Powers by 1945.

ick.a s argue from the perspective of the JapaneseAmericans and answer

Was the attack on Pearl Harbor justified?textual evidence.o supporfyour claim:

Answer the questions.

I . Why did fascism spread across Europe, and how did it contribute to World War II?

2. What legislation allowed the United States to provide supplies to Britain and her allies, and
what did President Roosevelt hope it would do?

3. Which country attacked Pearl Harbor?

H. Where is Pearl Harbor located?

5. On what date was Pearl Harbor attacked?

6. Who was president when Pearl Harbor was attacked?

7. On what date did the United States declare war on Japan?

8. Why was Pearl Harbor attacked?

- _ _

C_arole Allarsh/Gallopa_e • wwW.gallopp e.com • age10

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 Number these events that led to the U.S. joining World War 11 in the order they occurred.

The United States enters into World War II.

The Lend—Lease Act provides military aid to Allied forces while the U.S. remains neutral.

Japan feels threatened and attacks the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

Fascist dictators rise to power and World War II begins.

Imagine you were an American listening to the radio to hear more about the attack on
Pearl Harbor. Use these excerpts from President Roosevelt's "Day of Infamy Speech"
to answer the questions.

"Yesterday, December 7, 1941—a date which will live in infamy—the United States of America
was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.
"The United States was at peace with that Nation and, at the solicitation of Japan,
was still in conversation with its Government and its Emperor looking toward the
maintenance of peace in the Pacific. . . .
"It will be recorded that the distance of Hawaii from Japan makes it obvious
that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago.
During the intervening time the Japanese Goveienment has deliberately
sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of
hope for continued peace. . .
"Yesterday, the Japanese Government also launched an attack against Malaya.
Last night Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong. Last night Japanese forces attacked Guam.
Last night Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands. Last night the Japanese attacked
Wake Island. And this morning the Japanese attacked Midway Island. . . . Japan has,
therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the Pacific area."

I . Why did President Roosevelt say that December 7, I 94 I, was a "date which will live in infamy"?

2. How do you think Americans felt while listening to the President's speech?

3. By the end of his speech, President Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan. What
reasons does Roosevelt give for declaring war?

4. Overall, what was the purpose of President Roosevelt's speech?

Caro e_Mrs_ via .0 I lopa _ e eorgi_a-8th_Gta

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 Correlates with SS8H9b, c

Legislators Lead the Ma

In the 1930s and 1940s, the efforts of two Georgia legislators, Richard B Russelland
Carl Vinson, brought an even greater military presence to Georgia. Russell served one
term as Georgia governor and seven consecutive terms as U.S. senator. CariVinson
served Georgia for 51 years in the U.S. House of Representatives.
Richard Russell
Before World War II began, Richard B. Russell and Carl Vinson worked to make sure that
the United States was prepared for action. While Richard Russell was a senator, he worked
with the Armed Services Committee, where he gained influence in military policy. Carl
Vinson was well known for his support of the military One of his famous quotes was,
"The most expensive thing in the world is a cheap army and navy." He knew that having a
powerful military was essential for the United States, and he made it his mission to ensure
that the military received as much funding as possible. Vinson even became known as
the "Father of the Two-Ocean Navy" for his work on building a stronger U.S. Navy. Carl Vinson

Both of these men helped develop military programs around the nation, but especially in Georgia.
Russell andVinson's work in Congress led to the building of 15 new military installations in Georgia.

War Brings Prosperity to Georgia

Before World War II, Georgia was a very poor state. Once the war started,
the state's economic fortunes began to change as federal money poured
into military bases and industries supporting the war effort. Georgians
began to make more money than ever before.
After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States needed more aircraft.
In 1942, the Bell Aircraft Company built the Bell Bomber Plant in
Marietta, Georgia. This manufacturing plant quickly became the home of Aircraft manufacturing in Marietta
more than 28,000 Bell workers who built 663 B-29s from 1943 to 1945. Besides paying excellent wages, the
plant employed many women, African Americans, and unskilled workers. The Bell Bomber Plant was the
largest manufacturing plant in the Deep South, and it made an enormous impact on Georgia's economy in
the 1940s.
To meet the demand of ships to transport troops and goods across the Atlantic Ocean, the coastal
began producing "liberty ships." These large transport vesIsels were
fairly simple and easy to construct. Many workers were hired without previous experience in building
ships, and these unskilled workers were taught valuable industrial skills!
The shipyards at Savannah and Brunswick employed over 45,000 workers! Shipbuilding offered higher
wages than many Georgians ever had, which brought prosperity to the state during the war and greatly
improved the economy of Georgia's coastal region.

a topade.coM ia_8t • Page 1

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Military Bases in 3eorgia
Just like in World War I, Georgia's in' itat*bases helped train many American soldiers for war.
New facilities were built while Georgia's existing bases, like Fort McPherson in Atlanta, were
greatly expanded and improved.
Fort Benning (established during WWI) in Columbus, Georgia, trained more WWII infantry soldiers
than any other facility in the world! Other Georgia military facilities included Robins Air Force Base
near Macon and Fort Gordon near Augusta. Each base contributed to the war effort in its own way. For
example, over 20,000 workers at the Robins Air Services Command contributed by repairing damaged
U.S. aircraft Many Georgia military bases also held German and Italian prisoners of war.
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Fill in the blanks.

Before World War II, two Georgia greatly helped to prepare the United
States for war. worked with military committees and gained great influence
in military policy, while helped the military receive as much funding as
possible. Together, both men helped to bring I 5 to Georgia
During World War II, Georgia contributed to the war effort by soldiers
and building and

Determine whether each statement describes the Bell Bomber Plant, Georgia's shipyards, or
both. Write BBP for Bell Bomber Plant, GS for Georgia's shipyards, or B for both.
I. located in Marietta, Georgia 6. largest factory in the Deep South
2. employed 28,000 workers 7. employed over 45,000 workers
3. employed unskilled workers 8. located along Georgia's coast
H. raised income levels in coastal Georgia produced B-2c1 aircraft
6. produced liberty ships for the war effort 10. brought economic prosperity to Georgia

Explain the purpose and economic impact of the Bell Bomber Plant, military bases, and
shipyards in Georgia.

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