REVIEW FOR A & P I LAB EXAM II- Osseous Structures

BASED ON MARIEB Lab 13TH EDITION TEST IS SCHEDULED

Friday Class: here is the review for your test, scheduled on 3/29/19 . You must
bring in note books, tee shirts to every class including test day for grading.

Lab Notebooks: Required drawings –see your semester list plus assignments in class Make sure you
label your work with title, source, key words, include form and function in ALL YOUR drawings. .
Remember, you can review the PowerPoint’s on Blackboard for how to do entries.

Review the slides presented in class found on blackboard.

Review the chapters/lessons in the lab manual that match the

subjects on the syllabus.
Practical Exam; Must know the bones and major markings of the bones: fossa, tuberosity, etc. review
list handed out in class , Practical portion: There will be up to 30 questions ( actual bones marked
placed on the table) in this category.

You were given handouts for the bone structures; review major structures and significant
tuberosity/fossa

REVIEW:
Anatomical terminology and positioning—
body planes and sections .
cavities of the body
Review basic organ positions , quadrants
REMEMBER ORIENTATE BEFORE GUESSING—1) SUPERIOR TO INFERIOR 2) ANTERIOR TO
POSTERIOR; 3) LATERALITY etc

Histology— Review: the histology of cartilages and compact bone as these are significant part of the
skeletal structure review their appearance.

Review: axial vs appendicular skeleton

Understand the bone markings

Know the anatomy of a long bone on page , will be asked to draw it on the test.

Define axial, and appendicular skeleton,

# bones in the cranium and the face , # bones in adult and fetal skeleton
AXIAL: SKULL —know the composition of two sets of bones of the skull which is cranium and facial
bones (14 bones). Understand the uniqueness of the sphenoid bone , orientate to the skull and
understand the anatomy of the superior and inferior view of the lower skull.

Review adult and fetal skull .

Review sacrum, and pelvic girdle,

AXIAL; ribs and sternum: rib articulations

RIBS: how many true, false, floating ,

AXIAL: VETEBRAL column and how to count the bones on page 130. What type of bones are these?

How many bones are in the human body?

Vertebra--Know the typical vertebra on , and the unique characteristics/differences in the bone
structure of the cervical, thoracic and vertebral bones , each of them has specific differences, like
Thoracic has rib articulation facets, cervical have foramen in them to house what artery?

How many bones are cervical, thoracic , lumbar?

Review the IVD (intervertebral disc) and IVF (intervertebral foramen) and the vertebral foramen—
understand the different tissues.

APPENDICULAR skeleton—Review: the bones of the pectoral girdle on pg 150 and the pelvic girdle on
page 158.

Know the correct anatomical name of the shoulder and the hip.

Review anatomy of the knee and be able to label soft tissues, like ligaments, disc

What is a herniated disc?

Be able to identify the significant markings of the bones, and how to count the phalanges and digits.
Define; fossa, bone markings, tuberosity etc.

What are the eight carpal bones? What are the 7 tarsal bones?

What are the types of bone? Long bones, short bones , flat bones, irregular, sesmoid

DEVELOPMENTAL FETAL SKELETON—Define developmental differences of the fetal skeleton vs adult

skull

Pelvic Girdle: name bones;

JOINTS—understand the fundamentals of the naming of joints. Name the joints

What types of joints are there? Ball and joint, hinge etc.

JOINTS : DESCRIPTIONS AND TYPES

Review the difference between the Lumbar-sacral joint (L/S) and the Sacral-iliac (SI joint).

What is strain? Tendon muscle

Sprain ? ligaments

What bones make up the TMJ?

Must be able to Draw and label a long bone ,

Name bones of the hand, pelvic and shoulder girdle.

How many bones are in the skull, how many make up the facial bones; paired bones, single bones

Knee: Lateral and collateral ligaments, 2 menisci , ACL, PCL

Bones: know bones and their major parts; like spine of the scapula, Suggested viewing:

bones of skull
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3fenyw6n3WI
baby skull

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bggikfly66k

cranial bones

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y1ExSUGUsU0

Simple skull: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AL8kbjtm_n0

Sphenoid: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AL8kbjtm_n0

Mnemonics that might help: to remember bones

: http://www.ict4us.com/r.kuijt/en_carpalbones.htm
another one: http://radiopaedia.org/articles/carpal-bones-mnemonic

some other useful mnemonics are on this page, including the foot: http://www.dummies.com/how-
to/content/ten-helpful-mnemonics-for-clinical-anatomy-terms.html

Extra credit on test; what are the names of the rotator cuff muscles and what is their function?