WHO AM I?

PHILOSOPHICAL JOURNEY TO
DISCOVERING THE SELF
SOCRATES. KNOW THYSELF.
• “An unexamined life is not worth
living.”

• Believes and taught that there was

soul first before man’s body.

• Once the soul came to the material

world or in the world of senses, he
forgot most of what he knew.

• Dialectic/Socratic Method - an
exchange of Q&A that ultimately
aims to make the person
remember all the knowledge he
has forgotten
PLATO.
• Introduced the Dichotomy of the
of the Ideal World or

• the World of Forms and the

Material World

• He believed that human beings

are composed of a body and a
soul.

• Soul is the true self, the

unchanging and permanent self.

• Body is changing and replica of

true self
ST. AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO
• From the two worlds of
Plato, he differentiated
the real world and the
temporary world.

• Material world is the

temporary world while
the real world is where
there is permanence and
infinity - the world where
God is.
RENE DESCARTES.
I THINK, THEREFORE, I AM.
• Father of Modern
Philosophy.

• The consciousness of
mind leads to an evidence
of one’s existence.

• The mind and the body

are separate and distinct
from one another but also
believes that the mind is
conjoined with the body.
JOHN LOCKE.

• Father of Classical Liberalism.

• He thinks that a person’s

identity is not locked in the
mind, soul or body only. He
included the concept of a
person’s memory in the
definition of self.

• He subscribes the memory

theory.
DAVID HUME.
• Believes in the existence of the
mind and what’s inside the mind
is divided into two: Impressions
and Ideas.

• Impressions are things perceived

through senses as experienced.

• Ideas are things created in minds

even though it’s not
experienced.

• There is no permanent and

unchanging self because of the
different experiences one has.
IMMANUEL KANT.
• He believes that man is a free
agent, capable of making a
decision for himself.

• His philosophy centers and

revolves around the inherent
dignity of human being.

• As a free agent, man is gifted

with reason and free will.

• Every individual is an end in

themselves and never as a
mean.
SIGMUND FREUD.

• Defines man according to

his biological structure and
the influence of his socio-
cultural environment.

• One of his famous ideas

was the Tripartite Division
of man’s mind - the Id, Ego
and the Superego .
GILBERT RYLE.
• His philosophy centers on
language.

• He claims that the problems

of philosophy were brought
only because of the
confusion due to
misinterpretation,
misunderstanding, etc. of
words.

• The goal of philosophy

should clear this confusion
through linguistic analysis.
PAUL CHURCHLAND.
• Known for his Eliminative
Materialism.

• With the advent of science

and learning about the
nuances of the brain, the
term mind, moods, emotions,
actions and consciousness
are deeply affected by the
state of our brain.

• The brain works for creating

the self.
MAURICE MERLAU-PONTY.

• Known for his Existentialist

Philosophy.

• Believes that a person is

defined by virtue of
movement and expression.

• Approaches the idea of

self as continuous flow of
movement and expression
from infancy to adulthood.