- A child named Siddhartha Gautama was born in a small Indian kingdom who was destined to become the Buddha.
- He was raised as a prince and was shielded from suffering by his father, who wanted to prevent him from leaving their comfortable lifestyle.
- After seeing an old man, a sick man, and a corpse on trips outside the palace, Siddhartha was shocked to realize that aging, sickness, and death were universal. He decided to leave the palace to find a way to deal with suffering.
- A child named Siddhartha Gautama was born in a small Indian kingdom who was destined to become the Buddha.
- He was raised as a prince and was shielded from suffering by his father, who wanted to prevent him from leaving their comfortable lifestyle.
- After seeing an old man, a sick man, and a corpse on trips outside the palace, Siddhartha was shocked to realize that aging, sickness, and death were universal. He decided to leave the palace to find a way to deal with suffering.
- A child named Siddhartha Gautama was born in a small Indian kingdom who was destined to become the Buddha.
- He was raised as a prince and was shielded from suffering by his father, who wanted to prevent him from leaving their comfortable lifestyle.
- After seeing an old man, a sick man, and a corpse on trips outside the palace, Siddhartha was shocked to realize that aging, sickness, and death were universal. He decided to leave the palace to find a way to deal with suffering.
a lotus flower and then entered the side of her body when sages were asked to interpret the dream they predicted the Queen would give birth to a son destined to become either a great ruler or a holy man one day they said he would either conquer the world or become an enlightened being the Buddha people like stories it is one of the ways we learn the story of the Buddha's life is an archetypal journey but it is a means to an end it is not an end within ten months as a tree lowered a branch to support her a baby boy was born emerging from her side seven days later the Queen died the world is filled with pain and sorrow the Buddha would one day teach but I have found a serenity he told his followers that you can find too everybody understands Buddhism suffering there's something that we all share with everybody else it's at once utterly intimate and utterly shared so what it says that's a place to begin that's where we begin no matter what your circumstances you will end up losing everything you love you will end up ageing you will end up ill and the problem is that we need to figure out how to make that all be alright what he actually said was that life is blissful there's joy everywhere only were closed off to it his teachings were actually about opening up the joyful or blissful nature of reality but the bliss and the joy is in the transitoriness do you see this glass I love this glass it holds the water admirably when I tap it it has a lovely ring when the Sun shines on it it reflects the light beautifully but when the wind blows and the glass falls off the shelf and breaks or if my elbow hits it and it falls to the ground I say of course but when I know that the glass is already broken every minute with it is precious everybody every human being wants happiness and put the she and I teach it you are your own master The Buddha 2,500 years ago nestled in future everything depend on your own a fertile valley along the border between soldier but that what does the responsibility India and Nepal a child was born who was is just to show the part therefore the Buddha to become the Buddha the stories say that can shine out from the eyes of anybody before his birth his mother the queen of a inside the buffeting of of an ordinary human life at any moment what the Buddha found predicted that he would be able to conquer we can find in southern Nepal at the foot of wherever he wanted if he remained as a the Himalayas is one of the world's holiest king so the father was creating this artificial places lumbini where according to the environment to coddle him his father wanted sacred tales the Buddha was born Buddhist to prevent him from ever noticing that pilgrims from all over the world make their anything might be wrong with the world way here to be in the presence of the sage because he hoped that he would stay in the whose life story is inseparable from life they knew and loved and not go office centuries of anecdotes and legends there was predicted at his at his birth and and are countless stories of the Buddha each possibly become a spiritual teacher rather tradition each culture each time period has than a king shielded from pain and suffering their own stories we have lots of visual Siddhartha indulged in a life of pure narratives and artwork from all over pleasure every whim satisfied every desire Buddhist Asia but the first written material fulfilled I wore the most costly garments ate actually the first biography say of the the finest foods I was surrounded by Buddha really we don't see that before beautiful women during the rainy season I about five hundred years after his death for stayed in my palace where I was the first few centuries Buddhist narrative entertained by musicians and dancing girls I was oral historically it is based on never even thought of leaving when he was something certainly that happened there 16 his father drawing him tighter into Palace there must have been someone who life married him to his cousin it wasn't long correspondent was Tama Buddha who we before they fell in love he was solely in love don't know we don't know how much of it is with her there is the story that on their pure fairy tale and how much of it is historic honeymoon which was about ten years long fact but it doesn't matter that touches at one time they rolled off the roof that they something that we all basically know the were making love on while in a union and relevance of it is in the message of the story they float they fell down but landed in a bed the promise of the story like any good story of roses lotuses and lilies and didn't notice it has a lot to teach so the story of his life they had fallen and so the stories say he then is a beautiful way of telling the teacher indulged himself for 29 years until the he who sees me sees the teaching the shimmering bubble of pleasure burst his buddha said and he who sees the teaching father does everything he can to never let sees me born some 500 years before the him leave never let him see the suffering birth of Jesus the Buddha would grow to that life is but one day he goes outside and manhood in a town vanished long ago for he's travelling through the kingdom and he nearly three decades he would see nothing has the first of four encounters she sees an of the world beyond the tale say he was the old man and he asked his attendant and the son of a king raised in a palace with every attendant says oh that's change one doesn't imaginable luxury he was called Siddhartha always stay young and perfect then on the Gautama a prince among a clan of warriors next tour outside he sees a sick man and when I was a child he said I was delicately doesn't quite understand what it is he asked brought up most delicately a white his attendant and the attendant says oh that sunshade was held over me day and night happens to all of us everybody gets sick to protect me from cold heat dust dirt and and don't think you were a prince you a lot you my father gave me three lotus ponds get sick your father will get sick your mom one where red lotuses bloomed one where will get sick everybody will become sick white lotuses build one where blue lotuses then he sees that it isn't just the sick person bloom the father wants him to be a king in fact it's universal and something is wants him to conquer the world you know to stimulated inside of him so he keeps getting be the Emperor of India which at that time the chariot driver to take him out and he was 16 different kingdoms and it was sees you know horror after horror and on his third trip outside he he needs a corpse me to leave he turned away and climbed and he recognizes impermanence and down to the palace court-yard his beloved suffering and death as the real state of horse Kentico was waiting as he rode things the world that he had been protected toward the city's northern wall he left high from shielded from kept from singing and he into the air mara the tempter god of desire was shocked you know he was shocked was waiting you are destined Laura told him and he realized this is my fate too I will also to rule a great Empire go back and worldly become old I will also become ill I will also power will be yours siddharta refused he left die how do I deal with these things these grief and probably absolute puzzlement and are universal questions in any human dismay in the hearts of life in the infant son beings life what it's like to be in a body who was innocent and yet was suddenly inside of time and our fate and how do we fatherless and of course his own father but navigate that it really is a tale of the there is no knowledge one without sacrifice transformation from a certain naive innocent and this is one of the hard truths of human relationship to your own life to wanting to existence in order to gain anything you must know the full story wanting to know the full first lose everything sadaqa was alone in truth and then fourth trip outside he sees the the world for the first time on the bank of a spiritual seeker someone who has decided nearby river he drew his sword although my to live a life completely other than his life in father and stepmother were grieving with order to escape from impermanence tears on their faces he said I cut off my hair suffering and death so he has this sort of I put on the yellow robes and went forth traumatic encounter with the pain and from home into homelessness I had been suffering of life we try to protect our children wounded by the enjoyment of the world and we don't want to let our children see all the I had come out longing to obtain peace pain that's in the world but at a very early siddhartha wandered south toward the holy age at a time before he could remember Ganges River once a great prince now he anything at a time before there was became a beggar surviving on the charity of conceptual thought he already suffered the strangers he slept on the cold ground in the worst kind of loss that one could suffer dark forest of Banyan teak and saw that suddenly a mysterious way his mother died covered the northeastern plain frightening when he was a week old so something places where wild animals roamed and tragic happened you know right at the dangerous spirits were said to live he's beginning that might be what it takes to going out to see what there is he's a seeker become a Buddha is that you have to suffer he doesn't have a teaching yet he doesn't on such a primitive level 29 years old have an understanding yet he doesn't have profoundly troubled Siddhartha was a insight yet he doesn't have a solution yet determined to comprehend the nature of but he recognizes the problem Siddhartha suffering he resolved to leave the palace his could not expect help from the religion of wife had just given birth to a baby boy the time the ancient Vedic religion steeped Siddhartha called him Rahula fetter he in ceremony and ritual some of its rituals still names his son fetter he names his son ball- live on in ceremonies conducted by Hindu and-chain this is the fetter that will keep me priests who chant Vedic formulas more than tethered to this life this is what will keep me 2500 years happy some haka because wa imprisoned late one summer evening RT er was happening yoga cave enhance a Siddhartha went into his wife's room a lamp homophony Delta all grumpy yo parson of scented oil lit up his wife lay sleeping on accordion Musa read you some Psalm 83 a bed strewn with flowers cradling their brownie huh uncool super Dan Carter on newborn son in her arms he gazed from the topics antiparticle the centuries the Vedic threshold deep in thought if I take my Weiss rituals had commanded respect for the gods hand from my son's head and pick him up and inspired conviction but by Siddhartha's and hold him in my arms it will be painful for time the rituals no longer spoke to the spiritual needs of many Indians leaving a Enlightenment and become wiser and wiser spiritual vacuum and a sense of foreboding some beings will stubbornly insist on their the gods become less important than the ignorance and their egotism and they will rituals themselves it's a period of great charge ahead grabbing and eating what unrest is a period of social upheaval social they can at front of themselves and being change cities were growing generating new on dissatisfy I've been thinking that the next wealth and spiritual hunger as one ancient bite will do it and they will die and be reborn voice cried out in despair the oceans have die before in infinite times it could take them dried up mountains have crumbled the you know billion lifetimes if they're very Polestar is shaken the earth founders the stubborn and becoming a Buddha becoming gods perish I'm like a frog in a dry well a lot enlightened is the only way of getting out of of people aren't satisfied with the religion the continual cycle of death and rebirth now that they grew up in and when Prince rebirth here isn't the popular notion that you Siddhartha decides to give up his life he's know I'm a past life I was Cleopatra floating doing something that lots of other people down the LA Nile or or or Napoleon it's as if were doing Siddhartha joined thousands of every life is going through junior high school searchers like himself renunciants men and again over and over and over with the even a few women who had renounced the authority of the priests worn thin and world embracing poverty and celibacy living wisdom seekers likes the doctor roaming on the edge just as spiritual seekers still do the countryside holy men emerged teaching in India now at this time in India there are their own spiritual disciplines sadaqa lots of renunciants out there it's a flourishing apprenticed himself to one of them a renunciant tradition there are many different celebrated guru who talked the true people who have given everything up and knowledge could never come from ritual practice austerities and meditate in order to practice alone it was necessary to look escape from the cycle of death and rebirth within you may stay here with me the Guru the notion of reincarnation is something told him a wise person consumed well in his that's part of Indian culture part of Indian teachers knowledge and experience it civilization part of Indian religion that was directly for himself Siddhartha said himself there long before the Buddha and it was the to learn the rigorous practices the Guru in a sense the problem that the Buddha prescribed the teachers of the time are faced suffering didn't begin at birth and already teaching forms of yoga and finish with death suffering was endless meditation teaching that the self reflective unless it was possible to find a way out capacity of the mind can be put to use to become enlightened become a Buddha in tame the mind to tame the passions that his time there was a sense of death not was already established in India and there being final but of of death leading inexorably were probably so many schools of yoga and to rebirth and of being suffering beings meditation in those days just as there are bound to the wheel of death and rebirth it is now y'okay well satirically in here sorry Kelly said that Siddhartha had lived many lives to apne off so happy group Salem milta before this one as countless animals here yoga de muchacha que hum Samadhi innumerable human beings and even gods ko practical Johnny although yoga appears across for incalculable ages the sacred to focus on controlling the body it is in fact texts say and many aeons experiencing life an ancient spiritual discipline a form of in all its different forms Siddhartha's meditation harnessing the energies of the previous lives many moons sometimes as a body to taste mind some Yogi's learned to human being sometimes as an animal but sit without moving for hours breathing more then gradually using his practice becoming and more slowly until they seem to be more higher and higher and deeper deeper barely breathing at all all kinds of trance the idea is from life through life to progress states are possible through meditation if you more and more toward the eye at the hold the mind if you concentrate the mind on a single object you know be it a word or life as it was is essential to being reborn as a candle flame or a sound it's possible to someone who sees the cedex can still be transport the mind into all kinds of seen in India firm in the belief that by interesting places the person who was to subduing the flesh they can gain spiritual become the Buddha was very good at all power such a guy big-time Buddha listen those practices he was a super student literally double cutaway a second doing these practices taking them to their Exchequer Nokia project manager he said limit and no matter what he did in these gently ha giorgia Surat al-rahman he's a suit practices he was still stuck in the pain that Oh Archie Moore later Martin Martin the he set out with he ascends to these very Maharaja but needed it with a male doctor rarefied states of consciousness but it's not mode emaciated exhausted siddhartha permanent and it does not bring penetrating punished himself for six years trying to put truth into the nature of reality so these an end to the cravings that beset him he become a temporary escape from the tortures himself trying to destroy anything problem of existence but they don't solve within himself that he sees as bad the the problem so doctor apprenticed himself spiritual traditions of that time said you can to another popular guru but the results were be liberated if you eliminate everything the same the thought occurred to me he that's human you know everything that's said later his practice does not lead to direct coarse and vulgar every bit of anger every knowledge to deeper awareness bit of desire if you you know if you wipe that disenchanted he left this master to out with force of will then you can go into Siddhartha continued to drift south still some kind of transcendental state and the searching for the answer to his questions buddha tried all that and he became you why do human beings suffer is there any know the most anorectic of the anorectic escape he's trying and trying and searching ascetics he was eating one grain of rice per and searching and he already experienced day it was drinking his own urine and he extreme luxuries so now he tries extreme was standing on one foot he was sleeping deprivation among the renunciants on nails he did it all to the utmost my body asceticism was a common spiritual practice slowly became extremely emaciated punishing the body is a way to attain Siddhanta said my limbs became like the serenity and wisdom siddhartha fell in with jointed segments of fine or bamboo stems five other aesthetics and soon was out my spine stood out like a string of beads my doing them in mortifying the flesh subjecting ribs shut it out like the jutting rafters of an his body to extremes of hardship and pain old abandoned building the gleam of my the body represents a fundamental problem eyes appeared to be sunk deep in my eye old-age brings a decrepitude to the body sockets like the gleam of water deep and sickness brings pain and suffering to the well my scalp shriveled and withered like a body and death is ultimately the cessation green bitter gourd shriveled and withered in of the functioning of the body so there was a the heat and wind but he was trying to do is sense that if you could punish the body pushing his body to the most extreme that sufficiently you could escape its influence he could but then he realized that from that you could transcend some of the limitations he cannot gain what he mourns trying to that the body seemed to impose the ascetic judge you the body the body becomes too pursues the truth by taking the requirements much the whole attention is giving to the of survival down to the absolute minimum party nothing else he surrendered himself possible barely enough food to stay alive no completely to the hard training that he was protection from the elements no heat sit in given and what he discovered having tried the cold sit in the rain meditate fiercely for this completely for many years was that he all the hours of awakening the step of had not answered his question it hadn't renunciation of shedding everything of dying worked he was on the verge of death dying the feeling that one is dying to two to one's unawakened when he remembered something he remembered a day when he pudding he was missing that so much and was young and sat by the river with his then he remembered maybe further and father and the perfection of the world as it further and he remembered about his wife was simply gave itself to him years before about his son and the deepest emotions when Siddhartha was a small boy his father that he had suppressed the overpower they the King had taken him to a spring planting cam up they were still there we had a festival while he watched the ceremonial feeling of missing you had a feeling of dancing he looked down at the grass he seeing his hand and it's the feeling of being thought about the insects and their eggs near his loved ones never so powerful oh destroyed as the field was planted he was this must have soaked his whole entire overwhelmed with sadness one great tap being he was actually an utter failure he had root of Buddhism is compassion which is been clinging to the path of asceticism and the deep affection that we feel for when he took the food what followed was a everything because we're all in it together return of his original question life is painful be it other human beings other animals the life involves change this is still a problem planet as a whole the creatures of this the problem didn't disappear it wasn't long planet the trees and rivers of this planet before the ascetics who had been everything is connected it was a beautiful Siddhartha's companions found him eating day his mind drifted as if by instinct he and turned away and discussed so doctor crossed his legs in the yoga pose of loves luxury they said is forsaken his meditation and the natural world paid him spiritual practice he has become homage as the Sun moved through the sky extravagant but the man who will become the shadows shifted but the shadow of the the Buddha realizes that extreme Rose apple tree where he sat remained still deprivation isn't the way to go we can live we felt a sense of pure joy the joy that he as normal human beings we can eat drink found is in the world that is already broken and in fact we kind of need to eat and drink it's in this transitory world that we're all a and be normal human beings in order to part of and the fabric of this world despite break through in order to attain kind of the fact that it can seem so horrible the realization that he was looking for underlying fabric of this world actually is that siddhartha had put his faith in two gurus joy that he recovered that was his great they hadn't helped him it punished his mind insight but he says I can't sustain a feeling and body that had almost killed him now he of joy like this if I don't take any food so I knew what he must do to find the answer to better eat something and then at that his questions he would look within and trust moment village made and mysteriously himself Boudia is a small town in appears carrying a bowl of rice porridge and northeastern India bronzor pilgrims have she said to him here eat that moment of come here from all over the world for more generosity and release when he accepted than 16 centuries for Buddhists there are the rice was a decision towards life it was hundreds of holy places but none more what in the Christian tradition might be sacred than this one but Gaia is the sacred called grace that you cannot do it point from which the Buddhist faith radiates completely on your own and in Christianity some pilgrims travel great distances reciting the grace comes from the divine in the story prayers and prostrating themselves every of the Buddha the grace comes from the step of the way it is their Mecca and ordinary kind heart of a girl who sees Jerusalem they're holy of holies is not the somebody starving and says eat there's imposing temple beside them but a simple something beautiful whenever I remember fig tree ficus religiosa the Bodhi tree the tree that it story it makes me so happy because I it is said is descended from the Buddha see the heart of Buddha as the person he style every pilgrim knows the story of how was like the Siddhartha this dish was the dis Siddhartha after accepting the rice milk from used to be fed by his stepmother rice the young girl who decide the rags he was wearing bathed himself in a nearby river earth not possessing the earth but the earth and strengthened sat down in the shade of just as it is abused and exploited and the Bodhi tree and began to meditate it was despised and rejected and cloud and mind springtime the moon was full before the Sun spat on and everything else you know it's would rise Siddharth as long search would still the earth and it's it is it's we owe be over he sat down under a Bodhi tree in everything to it Siddartha meditated the shelter of the natural world in all of its throughout the night and all his former lives beauty and fullness and he said I will not passed before him he remembers all his move from this place until I have solved my previous life infinite numbers of previous problem let my skin and sinews and bones lives female and male and every other race dry up together with all the flesh and blood and every other being in the vast ocean of of my body he said I welcome it but I will not life-forms and he remembered that old move from this spot until I have attained the viscerally so that means his awareness supreme and final wisdom all at once Mara expanded to remit to be old so all the Lord of desire rose to challenge him with an moments of the past were completely army of demons he attacked Siddhartha did present to him he gains the power to see not move and their weapons turned into the process of birth death and rebirth that all flowers mata is the ruler of this realm of creatures go through he's given this sort of desire this world that we all live in and what cosmic vision of the workings of the entire he's afraid Siddhartha is going to do when universe as the morning star appeared he he attains enlightenment and becomes the roared like a lion my mind he said he's at Buddha is conquer that world that is he's peace the heavens shook and the Bodhi going to do away with desire he's going to tree rained down flowers he had become he's gonna wreck the whole game Mara did the awakened one the Buddha something not give up he sent his three dollars to new opens up for him which he calls seduce him siddharta remained still when Nirvana or which he calls awakening he he faces Maura he faces himself and his said at this moment all beings and I own destructive capacity but he's not the awakened together so it was not just him it warrior trying to do battle with those was all the universe he touched the earth as qualities he's discovered his own capacity Earth is my witness seeing this Morningstar for equanimity he has become like you all things and I awakened together it's not know the top of the great Himalayan like entering a new state its uncovering or mountains you know the weather is passing surrendering to the reality that has always over him storms are raging around him and been there he realized he'd always been in he sits like the top of the mountain and Nirvana that Nirvana was always the case impassive not in a trance state you know your reality itself is Nirvana it's the unreality totally aware of everything so he frustrates it's your ignorance it makes you think you're mahram siddharta resisted every temptation this subset self-centered separate being Mara could devise the Lord of desire had trying to fight off an overwhelming universe one final test he demanded to know who and failing you are that universe you're would testify that Siddhartha was worthy of already enlightened he's saying the the attaining ultimate wisdom and his demon capacity for enlightenment that your your army rose up to support him Siddhartha awakeness already exists within you said nothing he reached down and touched Nirvana is this moment seen directly there is the ground and the earth shuddered aras nowhere else than here the only gate is now demons fled the buddha reaches down and the only doorway is your own body and but his finger touches the earth he says the mind there's nowhere to go there's nothing earth is my witness he said Mara you are else to be there's no destination it's not not the earth the earth is right here leave my something to aim for in the afterlife it's finger and the earth is what we're talking simply the quality of this moment just this about accepting the earth not owning the just this this room where we are pay attention to that pay attention to who is no guru that he had attained enlightenment there pay attention to what's what isn't on his own it may be so the ascetic said and known there pay attention to what is known walked away on his first attempt to teach there pay attention to what everyone is the Buddha had failed Buddha meets thinking the feeling what you're doing there someone who doesn't see anything special and pay attention pay attention four weeks about him because the awakened Buddha the Buddha remained near the Bodhi tree doesn't look any different from anybody else peaceful and serene he was tempted to he is ordinary Buddhism is not about being retire into a profound solitude instead of special Buddhism is about being ordinary trying to teach others what it had taken him and it is not about the continual excitation of six long years to discover for himself he bliss it is about walking a normal human life wants to stay there he's very happy he with normal human beings doing normal doesn't want to go out he he says to himself human things and this reminds you that you no one is going to understand this you know yourself might be a Buddha at this moment people are gonna think I'm crazy they're the person you're looking at might be one gonna think I'm nuts Buddha saw the nature it's an interesting practice just each person of the people envy and jealousy and strong you see as you walk down the street Budda negative mental states all of the people in Budda Budda Budda Budda from Bulgaria the world they are like the fishes riddling in the Buddha walked west nearly 200 miles the very shallow water so Buddha he and crossed the Ganges River he was still himself afraid to teach the people the myth searching for a way to explain to others is that God comes to the Buddha Brahma what he feared was unexplainable the path comes on his knees and says please we to the enlightenment he himself had need you why don't you try talking about experienced in a deer park in SAR not not what you just understood because the world far from the Ganges he would try again his needs that the gods needed and the men five former companions were still practicing need it you know people need it and then the austerities he himself had abandoned Buddha decided to to to give his teachings from far off they saw me coming and because of a great compassion is not an unseeing me made a pact with one another ordinary compassion when you feel the the Buddha recalled friends here comes the feelings of others you automatically don't doctor living luxuriously straying from his want them to feel bad you feel the feeling of ascetic practice he doesn't deserve to be your hand you don't put it in the oven tip me bowed down - these are his buddies who not you're not being compassionate your were just disappointed and disgusted with hand you just feel the pain so you know if I him for giving in after they had all been put it there so you feel others pain you were trying to starve themselves into going to do your best to help them alleviate enlightenment so they they're a little it when somebody becomes enlightened distrustful at the beginning they refer to him something blooms in his heart it's like a as an equal and he then tells them no that's flower blooms and it cannot hold the not the term you should use when you refer fragrance it has to naturally release so it's to it - targeted to a being who's gone like he naturally had to release his radiance beyond and so he sets them straight and he has to share this joy that was in his heart they then become the first people to hear thirty-five years old the Buddha would the content of what he realized under the devote the rest of his life to bringing his Bodhi tree his first teaching would later be teachings a Dharma the fundamental laws called setting in motion the wheel of the of all things into the world but as he had Dharma because it brought the Buddha's feared it would not be easy as he set off to message into the world for the first time he share what he had learned he met a did not propound a dogma instead he spoke wandering ascetic who was your guru the from his own experience out of his own ascetic asked him the Buddha said he had heart he had known the abandon of the sensuous and the rigors of the ascetic now Buddhism as saying in order to wipe out he would disavow both of them the Buddha suffering you have to wipe out desire if that said I've discovered a new way and it's not was what the Buddha was saying then the path of asceticism and it's not the path where does the desire for enlightenment fit of sensory indulgence it's the middle way in you know with the Buddha's saying be what the Buddha was always doing was smart about your desires desire must be saying everything's everything needs to be dead without desire how Candide our life balanced so you know the middle way was without desire how can it you put the hood always balancing between you know strong desire to become put that but desire excesses on this side excesses on the other to harmful that bad with the fourth and final side Fair goes the dancing when the sitar is Noble Truths the Buddha laid out a series of tuned tuned as the sitar neither high nor low instructions for his disciples to follow a way and we will dance away the hearts of men of leading the mind to enlightenment called but the string too tight breaks and the music the Noble Eightfold Path the cultivation of dies the string to slack has no sound and moral discipline mindfulness and wisdom the music dies there is a middle way tune us they are as I like to think of them a set of the sitar neither low nor high and we will possible recipes that you can try on your dance away the hearts of men the path to own life and see which one makes the best enlightenment lay along the middle way the soup the Buddha didn't speak for long but Buddha taught and the ascetics listened when he was finished the five skeptical now he would answer the question that six ascetics had been won over they became years before had provoked his spiritual his first disciples word quickly spread of the journey the question of suffering Buddhists sage teaching in the Deer Park its are not don't have a creation story there is no hundreds came to hear him and became creator deity it's not really an interest it's it's disciples too many were wealthy merchants not an issue what's an interest is the or their sons living just five miles away in a problem of human suffering and the solution thriving trading center on the ganges the to human suffering pretty much everything holy city of Banaras Banaras is the most else right is beside the point the Buddha's sacred city in all of India as it has been for analysis of suffering came in the form of millennia even before the time of the what have come to be called the Four Noble Buddha pilgrims came here to worship their Truths there is no Commandments or gods and bathe in the holy river of heaven anything the first noble truth is that there is you see people purifying themselves suffering in this world generally this bathing in the Ganges you see priests suffering has been mistranslated suffering is performing rituals you see corpses because not entirely accurate to the word that the that's the best place to end one's life so you Buddha probably used it means something see going on there a great range of religious closer to dissatisfaction that you know we're activity and much of it of the type that does never quite happy and if we are that's gone go back to the Buddha's time many of 's in an instant anyhow and he says that this sacred ceremonies on the Ganges echo the suffering is unsatisfactoriness doesn't arise ancient practices of the Vedic priests the by itself it has causes our own mind causes Brahmins in the buddha's day only the it while the second noble truth asserts that brahmanas could mediate between the suffering has a cause the third noble truth gods and men only they could conduct the makes an astonishing claim you really can holy rituals that were said to preserve the be free of suffering by understanding the universe itself the Brahmin priests stood at cause of suffering nobody tells you that and the pinnacle of a rigid social hierarchy a so that was a huge announcement the sacred system of caste beneath them were problem Buddha taught is desire how to live the Warriors the caste to which the Buddha with the confused and entangling desires of belonged below them were farmers at the our own minds people often misunderstand bottom were the servants and still lower outcasts those social groups are not merely life was so hard for most women that social conventions but rather they're entering the Sangha was a liberation as we hardwired into the nature of the universe know from their ecstatic heart-rending you're supposed to stay in that group and poems so freed so freed so thoroughly freed survival society depends upon your a my from my pestle my shameless continuing to perform the function husband and his sunshade making my associated with that social status caste was moldy old pot with its water snake smell a irrelevant to the Buddha so were priestly version and passion I cut with a chop that rituals to preserve the universe his income to the foot of a tree I meditate teachings focused on the universe within absorbed in the Bliss what bliss bliss the Buddha said you could be from any nirvana the Buddha taught could be found in caste what makes you knowable is if you the fleeting moment through the practice of understand reality you know if you're a good meditation the Buddha showed his followers person if you're a wise person then you're how to come to terms with their own roiling knowable in time a devoted gathering of thoughts and desires by paying attention to monks formed around the Buddha ATS are them by becoming aware becoming mindful not near the Ganges broken stones and as an ancient poem counsels like an archer fallen pillars mark what remains of what an arrow the wise man studies is trembling grew to be a vibrant monastic community mind a fickle and restless weapon many the Sangha it took the Buddha many many times our mind is not peaceful enough so years to find his way but he didn't want it to you realize that perhaps we need to be so hard for people and so he established understand more about mind itself and how a community who could live together and to balance the emotions how to balance our help one another in a ceremony evoke in mind and try to cultivate more happiness the the beginning of the buddha's own spiritual difficulties comes from within one journey fledgling monks of all ages say experience unexpected things from one's goodbye to their families and homes and mind most dangerous be skeptical doubts join the sangha i go to the refuse after doubts about oneself doubts about the buddha i go to the refuse after dhamma and Buddha physical is we can get from from I go to the refuse of the Sangha that the from the food and from the supplements of Sangha is an embodiment of but it's vitamins and yeah and for the mind this is experience and wisdom what happens if the only only way we have to only medecine people practice this thing I did truly happy or meditation is not about getting rid of anger not are the joyful or not so I think Buddha getting rid of lust or getting rid of jealousy wanted to also leave a perfect example of even while becoming monk often his teaching and alive teaching a teaching experience angers it happens it often that walks a teaching that can talk a happens when people start hissing like a teaching that can laugh so I would say shaven bald head person but it gives a good Sangha is just like a living example of chance for us to realize that okay let's see Buddhist teaching the first Sangha was a this anger arises what is it what more often radical institution open to people of every happens in our ordinary life is that whenever caste and remarkable for the times in which we experience these emotions we get it the Buddha lived to both men and women stuck into it it starts twisting us but the Buddha was part of a culture deeply Buddhism is going through inside it and suspicious of women the attitude towards getting out of it peacefully and I think that women at the time was very critical and gives us more joy that makes human life many things were impossible for them so more full more around it's not like we we are that was a very revolutionary thing to do that not living in partial truths but there's like any that Times of India by ordaining women whole of things together it takes time to is nuns the Buddha gave women the comprehend this and then by practicing chance to escape the drudgery of daily life again and again the practitioner becomes very balanced and one reaches the state of with other people all the time so our very strong equanimity equanimity towards happiness depend on their happiness as the physical and mental objects and this is well how can we be happy if we are the only the base camp for the summit one happy in and you know just an island of enlightenment after washing my feet a happiness within an ocean of misery of disciple said I watched the water going course that's not possible compassion down the drain I am calm I control my mind stirred the Buddha to send his monks out like a noble thoroughbred horse taking a into the community sworn to chastity and lamp I enter myself thinking of sleep I sit on poverty they wandered the roads bringing my bed I touch the wick the lamp goes out the Buddha's teachings into the world nirvana my mind is freed the mind is as Goforth monks for the happiness of the restless as a monkey the Buddha taught many out of compassion for the world there who you are what you think of as yourself is are beings whose eyes have little dust on constantly changing like a river endlessly them who will perish if they do not hear the flowing one thing another tomorrow there's teaching but if they hear the teaching they water in a river then there's water in a glass will gain liberation the monks exist by and then the water is back in the air and begging we think of begging is kind of a bad then it's back in the river the waters there thing begging in this tradition is a good thing but what is it that's a way to think about the it's a sign of spiritual purity you're not self in Buddhism one moment you're angry allowed to bake tomorrow's lunch only 's the next moment you're laughing who are lunch then you can't eat from noon until you a seed becomes a plan wisps of grass dawn the next day then you have to go out are spun into a rope a tripling stream turns and get another lunch and then in exchange into a river the self comes in the self goes for lunch you give a section unless they say simply notice how from one moment to we don't want to hear about and you don't another yourself is actually not as much the but that's the only thing but that forces you same as we think it is what the Buddha to interact with the lay community and if realizes is that if we can get rid of this you're not serving them if you're not doing fundamental misunderstanding of the nature something useful for them they won't put of the self based on egotism we won't cling anything in your bowl and that will be the to things we won't screw up everything we end of your community the Buddha himself do because we're thinking about it in the wandered across northeast India teaching wrong way once you stop centering your and gathering new disciples everywhere he your feelings about your feelings on yourself went you didn't have to become a monk or a that what naturally arises is is simple nun to become a Buddhist the Buddha's compassion compassion for your own teachings were for everyone everything is suffering compassion for the suffering of burning what is burning the eyes are others even the most abstract of the burning everything seen by the eyes is Buddha's teachings had a practical ethical burning the ears are burning what is burning dimension compassion the Buddha taught everything heard by the ears is burning the comes from understanding impermanence nose is burning smells are ablaze the transience flow how one thing passes into tongue is burning tastes are ablaze the another how everything and everyone is body is burning the mind is burning we're on connected when this is that is from the fire we may not know it but we're on fire and arising of this comes the arising of that we have to put that fire out we're burning when this isn't that isn't from the cessation with desire right we're burning with craving of this comes the cessation of that this is everything everything about us is is out of always connected to that everything is control the boodle goes on to talk about the connected to everything else you never live three poisons greed and anger and by yourself you live always within a family or ignorance and how the the three poisons society or culture you constantly interact are what is making the fire and the way out of doing this is not to deny the three poisons spent all our energy and time for research but to recognize that if you turn them around on matter not internal world this this skull you come to their opposites instead of small space but lot of mysterious things still greed you have generosity instead of anger there the great field of knowledge is as tiny you'll have compassion and instead of as the earth is in the universe I mean it's a ignorance you have wisdom I can give my Tyson speck and and the the the universe is teachings in brief the Buddhist said I can what we don't know and it will always be teach in detail it is those who understand that way this however however much we that are hard to find there are stories of find out it will still be that way because the people coming and saying I am leaving your unknown is vastly here is bizarre it's teaching because you have not told me unspeakably greater than anything we will about whether there is a life after death or ever know in one of the most storied whether there is another world and the miracles the Buddhists rode on a jeweled Buddha says did I ever say that I would give walkway suspended in midair while streams you the answer to these things the Lord who of water spouted and flames flashed from didn't why do you think that I never said that his body shooting out to the very edge of I would give you the answer to these things the universe and as the Buddha sat on a because these are not the things that you lotus flower giving his teachings he need to know thing that you need to know is replicated himself filling the sky with how to deal with suffering because at this multitudes of Buddhas for all to see and very moment what made you ask that wonder do I believe that literally does it question was suffering the Buddha was matter whether we believe it literally what above all a pragmatist he did not expect his many of those miraculous stories are about followers to agree with everything he said is is the sheer wonder the very fact that the he encouraged them to debate and argue to whole of unknown time and space has led challenge him but I say my follower should down to this led to this very moment when not accept my teaching out of devotion but we're sitting here talking to and we are rather your own experiment even Buddha sitting here talking to each other he's utterly himself in order to get final enlightenment miraculous sitting here in a room having had need hard work so investigate based on a cup of coffee having taken it out of a reason the true logical investigation if beautiful blue and white porcelain mug what something continued in the Buddha's own could be more miraculous than that world then we have the right to reject it as everyday life around us is already so the Buddha gathered more and more implausible and so glorious that what need followers stories spread of his miracles for further miracles and that's the teaching which mixed the marvelous with the of the Buddha that's the miraculous mundane one story tells how 500 pieces of teaching of the Buddha violence the Buddha firewood split at the Buddha's command in talked always leads to more violence to the another a mad elephant charged wild lay Slayer comes a Slayer to the Conqueror down the street forcing everyone to flee only comes a conqueror he who plunders is the Buddha remained quietly waiting the plundered in turn war was endemic in the elephant overcome by the Buddha's radiant Buddha's Age ravaging northeast India kindness knelt before him and the Buddha again and again although kings and their patted his leathery trunk what's the meaning ministers sought his counsel the Buddha of miracle miracle something unexpected I offered no grand political vision he was think 100 years ago jumbo jets or some of powerless to stop the killing and the fighting these computers or these I think in there I even the men women and children of his this is our something American because former Kingdom were massacred by a miracle if something cannot understand so marauding King forced into pits and now I think within this century we may find trampled by elephants it was said that the some new ideas or new facts so far we Buddha received the news in silence hundreds of them killed so that day but that whatever is born is subject to decay he's was sad but the human being so he had like saying this is a natural process he told his a human being so sometimes is he he also disciples use this time use the energy here you see as a day failed he failed to perform even this for your own wakening so he used miracle the buddha failed but we as the even his own death and their sadness as a buddha failed constantly and part of our time to remind them of what their real task suffering is our is our failure our recognition was what he's actually doing is inviting of our failure buddhism doesn't argue with those who are close to him into the reality there will always be both the potential experience I don't think the Buddha's for awakening in any moment and the teaching in any way argues against grief or potential for incredible damage at any or sadness or lost the teachings if they moment and if we fool ourselves into make any sense have to make sense in thinking were past that we will do incredible ordinary circumstances in ordinary lives and damage change the buddha said must in ordinary lives we grieve when we lose we come from within the buddhist arts always we grieve we when when it when it hurts we with the mind and talks about the violence in say ouch Buddhism is trying to look at the mind and says that violence in the world things but where they are the way it is just is a result of violence in the mind a tree lives as it gets it hurts this is life this is our life on its roots if you change the root you and our relation to life involves losing it too change the tree culture lives in human you don't get beyond these things you don't beings if you change the human heart the get beyond it's all right to feel what human culture will follow for decades the Buddha beings feel and we are not supposed to turn shared his teachings all across northeastern into rocks or trees when we practice India but all beings be happy we taught Buddhism Buddha's laugh cry dance feel weak were strong great or small let us ecstasy probably even feel despair it is how cherish all creatures as a mother her only we know the world it is how we live inside of child barefoot in his robes he was still our hearts and not dissociated from them walking the roads when he was 80 but old the buddha had always been saying age was upon him his back hurt his goodbye now he prepared to leave the earth stomach was often in pain I am old worn out forever he would never be reborn never die he told a trusted disciple like a dilapidated again it may be that after I'm gone the cart held together with thin straps the world Buddha told his disciples that some of you is so sweet he said that he could will think now we have no teacher but that is understand wanting to live for at least not how you should see it let the Dharma another century but he was frail and and the discipline that I have taught you be exhausted he became ill near cushion your teacher all individual things pass away Agora a remote village near the border of strive on untiringly these were the Buddha's Nepal when he was offered a meal which last words the Buddha died peacefully his would prove deadly the food was spoiled he head was pointed to the north his face to ate what was offered to him and it said that the west the stories tell how the earth shook he knew that was bad but he took it anyway and the trees suddenly burst into bloom because it was offered and didn't want the their petals falling gently on his still body person who offered it to feel bad because it falling out of reverence devine coral flowers was his time Cuccia negara is revered by and divine sandalwood powders fell from pilgrims as the place where the Buddha above on the buddha's body out of finally left the world it was in cushion Agora reverence you his disciples were quite upset where he grew weak and asked to be laid what are we going to do without our teacher on his side and a quiet Grove of salt trees we will be lost without our teacher but his as he neared the end his disciples began to instruction was so simple and so clear I am weep stricken with grief but the Buddha NOT your light I am NOT your authority reassured them all things change he said you've been with me a long time now be your own light the Buddha saw death and the Buddha every sentient being even life is inseparable these are two sides of the insect have Buddha nature the seed of same thing death is always with us death is Buddha that's the seed of enlightenment so part of a whole large unknown and if we are therefore there's no reason to believe some unable to smile at the idea of the unknown sentient being cannot become Buddha so we're in real trouble that's the realism that like that I know that there are supposed to the Buddha was talking about trying to be preserved footprints of the Buddha which come to terms with reality when he was 29 are which are kept in in one of the sacred and still Prince Siddhartha the Buddha had places in in India or Nepal and you know left his wife child and family to try and you can stand in them and if you stand in understand the nature of suffering he had them maybe you realize ah ten toes me too attained enlightenment shared what he had there is a story of a brahmana who one day learned and left a path for others to follow found the Buddha under a tree calmly now he was gone but before he died he had meditating the Buddha's mind was still he asked his followers to remember him by radiated such power and strength that the making pilgrimage to the place of his death Brahmin was reminded of a Tusker elephant to where he gave his first teachings where the Brahmin asked him who he was imagine he achieved enlightenment and where he a lotus that had begun life under water the was born those four places mark out a Buddha replied but grew and rose above sacred biography and in tracing that the surface until it stood free so I too have pilgrimage route you were learning the story transcended the world and attained the of that life at places of pilgrimage temples supreme enlightenment who are you then were built images were installed and relics the brahman wondered remember me the were enshrined millions of people get Buddha said as the one who woke up immense inspiration but the spirit always there's more about the story of the Buddha there but real Buddhist holy places is within and his legacy. oneself that's important so real but the second place we must build within ourself practice or study bodhichitta is to study we must build within our heart although the actually ourselves our life understand Buddha had predicted that his teachings like understand our life for example bodhichitta everything else would in time disappear motivation gives our life is sort of great Buddhism flourished in India for 1,500 years possible meaning and makes every single spread into Sri Lanka Central and action of our daily life as beneficial as it Southeast Asia Tibet China Korea Japan possibly be so we should remember and in the 20th century to Europe and the bodhichitta from morning to night very very Americas adapting different forms and important I always write I've always every shapes wherever it took root attracting single my teaching when you come here all many millions of men and women who of you understand that I mentioned you first practiced the Buddha's teachings both I talked about bodhichitta so it's it's very within and outside the monastic community very important because teachers say that but everywhere and in every age the you you keep bodhichitta is your most sort essence of the story remains the same the of precious possession and remember it Buddha said that we've turned this world constantly and practice it frequently so you into a painful place and this world does not know that's why I think our main practice have to be a painful place this world can be should be meditation on bodhichitta the a world inhabited by Buddha's but it's up to attitude of the Bodhisattva is not to look for each one of us to turn ourselves into a in lanten meant for freedom for oneself Buddha that's real that's the work if the along but to seek freedom and Buddha is not you finally the Buddha is of enlightenment for all beings all living beings no interest to you the Buddha is the Buddha so this Atlantean attitude comes from the is of such interest to you because you are understanding that all beings have the same goal freedom and happiness that's why to motivation is not so pure you know because study bodhichitta is to study about all living based on selfish or self-centered however beings think about all living beings in in beyond this motivation our love and ordinary sense we usually share sort of compassion is very genuine you know that same view right we enjoy doing things is bodhichitta so I think sometimes we really together and enjoy go somewhere vacation need you know investigate with our mind so you know enjoy same thing our you know what do I mean when I say that I have a split your path we should all come together compassion for you know beings we just we and then you know practice bodhichitta walk can say that you know easily but when we on the path with you know this sort of investigate you know our compassion for enlightened attitude like for example I want example when we cry when we Cheers over all beings to attain enlightenment that is our the death of let's say like dog your dog and goal our motivation these wish is we called then we must sort of question and you know bodhichitta or or you can understand the the investigate whether those tears are for the combination of love and compassion is we dog who died or for ourselves you know I called bodhichitta love and compassion both mean you know are we crying because we we call bodhichitta so body means missed our companionship of our pets or enlightened or awakened cheetah is mind or are not you know if so then this is the best heart you know so cheetah bodhichitta on our self-centered right because you cheetah refers not just not just to thoughts know North tears of the genuine loving mind and our emotions but you know so the compassion by analyzing our minds in the thought of loving compassion were vast and sort of caution and ourselves then we can profound so as we open to the experience see how much genuine compassion and of mind Chapa we come to an understand love and kindness we actually have of who we are with sort of an ability to care developed so Buddha thoughts you know for others and ourselves that's why this is a the first he discovered bodhichitta and very heart of enlightenment or you know mind profound teaching that's why he suggested sort of awakened so bodhichitta is you know for everybody to practice bodhichitta and he enlightened attitude or a weakened heart he thought bodhichitta through the example you can say bodhichitta so you should really of us sort of flower he said you know if we keep in your mind the definition bodhichitta want to have a beautiful flower we must first and bodhichitta actually you can understand have the seed right see at the beginning of love in compassion but our ordinary love our part bodhichitta is like seed you know and compassion sort of exist with a flower seed and the seed of what 0 of motivation called Maya usually you know we enlightenment seed of liberation sort of you have sort of love and compassion for know genuine compassion love you know whatever is within this motivation of mine we have that and in the middle of our part we have love and compassion for our after we have planted the seed bodhichitta friends we have love and compassion for is like water that makes our seed of our family so when we say you know my enlightenment will grow you know and friend my family I mean you know that's finally once the plant growing we need the nothing wrong but it's not the best you know you know other conditions weren't in heat or it's not genuine sort of you know motivation bodhichitta in order to sort of wrapping the or bodhichitta because for example we fruit of our enlightenment you know so practice you know like say you know bodhichitta is very important if you read patience or generosity discipline and all maybe you already know the tentacles the these other virtues tolls whatever is within my midi Amaka the middle way the first he this motivation of sort of mine mine is mine talks about bodhichitta about this using the you know this motivation is sort of based on buddha's teaching these three examples selfish you know my practice my friend you like a flower and he described and about the know my my my that's kind of you know this bodhichitta is so so important because without bodhichitta there is no Bodhisattva meant is is a type of desire actually desire part you know it's clear without Bodhisattvas you know the desire to bring all beings to path there is no fruition of enlightenment the state of enlightenment that is the you know you understand what is the characteristic of relative bodhichitta relative meaning of enlightenment right fearin I bodhichitta is simply dispositive you know mean the elaboration so therefore without desire or thought I want all living beings to bodhichitta there is no mahayana path is attain the state of enlightenment so so it is it bodhichitta is the the foundation of is a positive thought right of love and sort of mahayana path and so so without concern so in order to become a Mahayana bodhichitta even you know we practice you stay we must cultivate a genuine heart that know hundreds hundreds of hours we are cares for others so relative bodhichitta now not walking towards any sort of variation of and generally to different levels of enlightenment no matter how long you bodhichitta ultimately and relative now a practice your I mean that's good temporarily relative bodhichitta here two types right but you're nothing you're not on the right which are aspiration and application or you path so for this reason the mahayana path can say intention or action bodhichitta so emphasizes generating bodhichitta at the now you need to know what is the beginning of our journey until a ten difference between aspiration bodhichitta liberation you know you can't say or i and implication bodhichitta aspiration practice bodhichitta this much so now i'm bodhichitta is like sort of heaven the desire done never done whole life until a ten you know for example to go on a vacation liberation so i'm going to teach you only somewhere you know I will do whatever it bodhichitta nothing else so you should keep takes to get there right in our mind this is in in your mind every single words of the mind it is about wishing good things for teacher you know and make sure that you other beings right positive thoughts desire it should understand bodhichitta and the it mostly a state of our mind and does not benefit of bodhichitta then you will see when include sort of activities right so this is we you take the vow you have to first called aspiration bodhichitta so when we understand about bodhichitta about practice aspiration bodhichitta it has three bodhisattva right then you will see you won't stages of training in remember the water my take the vow or not you know so that's why i perfect teacher these are considering others just make sure that i I know you understand is equal to ourselves one this is how you very well bodhichitta but more you know practice relative bodhichitta another method need to understand you know bodhichitta right because remember all no matter what what kind of bodhichitta how to practice all living beings we have one goal freedom what is the benefit all of this so that's in and happiness no caution so considering generally speaking you know explain others is equal our selves because we are bodhichitta how it is important and then you saying and also exchanging that's the know given rise to bodhichitta has two second one a little bit different difficult than levels of bodhichitta right these are absolute the first exchange in ourselves for others bodhichitta and relative bodhichitta - so right and the last is difficult one checking we're not I'm an absolute body - that is the others is more important than ourselves realization that the ultimate nature of all where you are we have this three stages of phenomena is emptiness and it is nature of training you already studied meditate on mind itself that's we called absolute relative bodhichitta right many times so bodhichitta it is the the union of emptiness considering others is equal our selves you and compassion in this case so that is practice more that or you exchange absolute bodhichitta very beautifully that's exchange in ourselves yourself for others or per debt side here and now explain more you you know you think that others more about relative bodhichitta because we need important than yourself that's real that relative bodhichitta or heart of Allenton Bodhisattva and also traditionally taught we can generate this aspiration in three motivation I mean taking care of one person different ways for example remember kin nothing I mean even though animals they like Bodhisattva and cutting like Bodhisattva can take care of themselves it's very easily Shepherd like Bodhisattva tree so for but we are here the main reason if you want example first I will explain you the kin like a meaningful life you really need to think Bodhisattva we can generate an about others and how to help how to take enlightened attitude this you know like the care of others you know that's why we're attitude of a kin okay and Goodkin once first here that's why we're human beings are to strengthen the wealth of his canden right very intelligent we have this wisdom mind taking care that then when the kingdom has so we have to use that meaningfully you sort of enough wealth he share that wealth know so so these first think about you know with all his or you call a people you know if if I want achieve real enjoyment because for a good can in a similar way when we adopt living beings because these causes that care like bodhichitta body a bodhisattva allows us to attend result you know so it is bodhichitta we say I first want to attain a like we are we are planing our sort of you Latin meant for myself and then I hear my know vacation somewhere we first need to wisdom my compassion and in lanten power have the intention to to go on that vacation with all living beings right I'm going to right so that's that's that's our attention our benefit all living beings through the wisdom goal and that's generally about aspiration and compassion of my own Atlantean so bodhichitta you know it's good thoughts that is kind of you know how we most you good desire you know think about others know ordinary people practice bodhichitta even though nothing you do action you like that first I want become a lot Leverett know there's no net but in your mind this is then I can share my capacity to others also very helpful because even though we which means I have a capacity to help right don't have the capacity but this motivation help others so this is aspiration bodhichitta helps us we don't need heart we don't we your motivation your desire I want become don't want harm others anymore if you have Buddha and then I can't help more sort of this intention you know and the application limitlessly right so that's like cane cane like bodhichitta is is implementation of the plane Bodhisattva so you know actually when we you know here we really do something you say I want to sort of achieve enlightenment know and help others that we were thinking for all beings think about at this moment this about helping an aspiration bodhichitta you point we are not actually doing anything know so this is very different from aspiration right we are simply having a good part just to understand we are not just to thinking intention right it's like it's it's like saying I will about help we're really doing something for give some money you know to poor people others doesn't matter a lot or leader but right just just your in your mind it's a good we're doing something really we're doing good good inspiration but it does not something but for you know beginners you actually benefit the person at that moment know first we have sort of two develop you develop this is very important you know aspiration bodhichitta in our mind otherwise this intention is very important even even we cannot practice application bodhichitta though we're not we're not yet acting we're which is which is practice six paramitas you not doing anything for others because we know I will teach you you know later this don't hit maybe capacity to help others right experiment that's very important right so but first we develop our mind sort of you now think about we have two body cheetahs know and think about others think about our how do we practice these two types of life you know this I have this precious life bodhichitta we practice aspiration then what should I do for others you know I I bodhichitta by putting the four four come here in this world this planet for what immeasurables like foreign yeah for a major you know that's we think about you know oh boat there you know may all sentient beings just taking care of myself that's very narrow have happiness this law of compassion these things for a major boss there there no discipline zombats atoms oppa patience are many different methods but that that super 20 religions only something marital that we can use for you know the develop constant yeah concentration and then our aspiration bodhichitta so practicing for wisdom got gymba Satyam Jumba satan example for measurable qualities we will will Zopa Tony santen and Sheriff Tony's will cause sort of us to develop genuine diligence sheriff here up wisdom o other to aspiration bodhichitta right think about for a the captain like Bodhisattva and Shepherd measure but we we're doing nothing right like Bodhisattva no I think they are just the when we practice law of practice same yeah there's him just how there's a compassion practice joy practice what that's different different motivation well they're you that's it's expiration aspiration we are we are know the cane like Bodhisattva is actually developing our love develop our good for us the other two are it's difficult you compassion you know we're doing nothing know I mean for instance like Shepherd like but this is how we develop our aspiration Bodhisattva this Bodhisattva things that or bodhichitta how we practice aspiration first I want all living beings become a lantern bodhichitta and we practice application man then me that means remember the bodhichitta by putting into action the six three types of Chen training you think there perfections six paramitas you know these are other the community are more important are generosity discipline patience religions than yourself right because like Oh first I meditate concentration and wisdom all the want all living beings happiness and you Buddha's teachings include the six know liberate then myself it's no possible perfections six paramitas this the application but it's good good motivation it's not bodhichitta is about six paramitas think possible all living beings become Atlanta about generosity this you are doing samsara is no beginning and no end but this something right not only like not only you is how you develop your motivation are thinking about sort of aspiration you are sometimes people think I can do this I I doing something generosity you do don't have this capacity that's why that's not something right so this six paramitas the six not correct you can't do it you can't because paramitas are the practice of Bodhisattvas Bodhisattvas can think about all all living who have connected with the basic heart of beings I want I want become a lot than compassion in law and we have developed myself together yeah together across the sort of confidence in that heart you know so the ocean all living being myself together if you really see and understand the benefit become a Palatinate but I think cane like of bodies bodhichitta and when you listen to Bodhisattva is good you know first I want I the teachings about bodhichitta you are sort want become a bodhisattva then I can help of you know if you really understand oh this because you know if you become a you is really important this is really the essence become a bodhisattva then automatically the foundation all my practice so this is very you will think about others you know how important so I want to sort of practice that can I help alternate level is just Bodhisattva you know you're ready to then you're ready bodhichitta ultimate level bodhichitta is the to take the vow you know and practice the nature of all phenomena is emptiness Maya so that's why I you really need to first realization of that realization the union of understand the benefits or body bodhichitta emptiness and compassion that is the how it is important you know so this is in ultimate bodhichitta it beyond the religion general you know do you have any cautions body each other right so that's that and yep aspiration application yeah generosity tomlin types of you know tolling practice I discipline religions you know imp no wish we will practice knowledge now this patience generosity religions patience letter but tolling is actually practice for religions many no no discipline second aspiration bodhichitta you know you think there is the order yeah ethics in discipline you you think it desire right you visualize same okay let's say generousity diligence somebody you know that who are who are very suffering and then you take in that really interest in right you want to practice suffering and give your happiness so you you see the value of body Cheeta then you you are developing your aspiration it's not will practice now I'm going to explain the really action this this is not practice you're bodhichitta prayer you know by Chandon not practice application bodhichitta when there was a little bit you know kind of land you practiced on it but you developed your by land because we recite this per year all mind you know and thinking about others the time so that make sure that you you have to develop that you know rather understand I mean you know probably you than think about yourself all the time you understand already but I want to make sure know yeah all right yeah yes there are 10 10 that you are under this is all the time eh levels of Bodhisattvas not yet Buddha not Mays print precious bodhichitta tech birth yet become a you know totally sort of where it has not a reason where it is forever enlightened but you are you know not continue that that's the prayer bodhichitta ordinary person so this yeah this is big thing prayer right so this four lines from this is salmon you know if you if you read the MIDI from Shanda there was prayer bodhisattva Mecca chant occurred commentary or route bodhichitta prayer so for instance first line this Titian it describes very experienced may supreme practice bodhichitta the word very well about the ten stages of supreme practice bodhichitta is the wish for Bodhisattvas part each stages like first all living beings to attain liberation right so stage second yeah there are different this is the method to turn our mind towards qualities and different different views enlightenment for the welfare of other everything it's different first first stage beings that's why it is precious that's why it Bodhisattva is kind of you know beginner is supreme right this is the this is the and the second is better that you know aspiration bodhichitta right when we say better and better because the tent body supreme precious bodhichitta that means survives almost Buddha you know you will I we are thinking about others and we are mean you know you don't have to think that studying aspiration bodhichitta because for you know what kind of capacity you have living beings so that's why this method this what kind of qualities you have you will desire or thought is very positive very know that then you then you read this supreme very precious because you are teacher then they will explain you know they thinking about others how can I help so give you the characteristic or for instance that's why spring purchase bodhichitta what the first stage is Bodhisattva what kind of you have to you have to memorize this qualities you will get at that level you will prayer right now every single teaching we see and then if you had that quality with you have here we say this prayers right mr. then you are first Bodhisattva the stages of Paris three times all the time this is very Bodhisattva if you don't have those qualities very common per year and very famous per then we are not there yet you know I mean year you know no matter what kind of but we're on the right path if you practice tradition card you're searching you know bodhichitta correctly like that and then whatever they say these prayers very very taking the body suffers vow so then you're important okay that's the first line and the on the path you're on you know right path second line you now you understand why then doesn't matter how long check that you spin why pressures right bodhichitta know get to the like gentle stage of body remember what is the definition of suffer doesn't matter you're on the right path bodhichitta right so that's why supreme so you are going you know correct you that's why precious and then take birth know way and then eventually you will get where it has not a reason it's to train in the there but very important we have to take mind in the four immeasurables and that part first that's why we really need to practice six perfections six paramitas right understand the benefits of body body take birth where it has not arisen we have to Cheeta if you understand benefit then you practice it has not reason in our mind we have to practice immeasurable aspiration have to grow more and more because now bodhichitta practice six perfections think investigate yourself your law of application bodhichitta so then you can compassion is it there is it is a genuine love develop this practice mind partials and compassion or not you know I just told bodhichitta right practice - aspiration you right the motivation based on mine or application which is four immeasurables for motivation based on others my friends my a major ball has many different methods my my my or others others you know so right like tone and practice and all this kind then if you have that mind motivation - that's of thing and then six paramitas so then you not genuine genuine compassion laws so know we can develop this bodhichitta the we have to sort of make sure that how we practice bodhichitta and then method for transform into genuine love I mean we have making it never went but continued to grow love and compassion without with an us for evermore is to arouse the supreme that's because we have the potential we bodhichitta and 2:10 in the practice of have the the seed of the Enlightenment aspiration application bodhichitta we need which we call the Buddha nature that's why more and more more more more right more we have genuine among the compassion and more we have to develop this continue love and compassion within us already to grow forever more until attend when we we were born but that's love and deliberation tent Bodhisattva we have to compassion is not really genuine because grow more and more we're not there yet but we are ordinary you know people so that's once you practice you can grow more and why we have to sort of change that love and more you know and then eventually you compassion change into genuine so that's really think about others not yourself at all if that's one way it's difficult but one way it's you really think about others the benefit not so difficult then you know to say these actually comes back you you will get you per years and think about the meaning you will receive all the happiness all happiness know of this prayer and the purpose of this all the freedom from all living beings that's this prayer is to develop our mind our heart the benefit your motivation is not for yourself as well as a practice for developing our become enlightenment or become you know aspiration bodhichitta and both an what you all this happiness but it's just the application bodhichitta so this practice death that's the benefit if you think more begins with our aspiration aspiration to help others you will get the more benefit so that's others how and the way to help others is to why you know grow forever more we have just develop sympathy and friendship for to grow more and more never satisfied to ourselves you know however when we start practice bodhichitta because we have to this practice we should not feel that you grow more and more so we should practice know we are already there or we have that this method you know for you know making capacity you know but we desire to develop it arise where it has not risen and for sort of our mind and our ability to genuinely care preventing it from decline where it has for other people you know others so you already within us already arising and for know if we do the practice very sort of making it grow and develop more and more literally and according to the instructions the so that's either you know grow more and practice itself develop our heart you know more which means either we practice in that's the that's the benefit you know so we detail way with the six perfections for a start you know this part we start out being major balls right and in less detail way with able to care for those we love and ourselves practice loving compassion so this prayer first and then sort of slowly extend that our when you when you say this prayer not just motivation extend out more and more right the same right when you say these prayers that's how we that's that's in this prayer so we have to understand the meaning of the grown for more and more right first if you're prayer that if you understand meaning of beginner you know when you for instance prayers it gives you you know confidence I when you practice stolen maybe think about others difficult rather you know maybe you and then once you really developed your should think about yourself you know I want aspiration then you are ready to help others happiness so how you know change your you know then six parameter perhaps mind develop you know and control your practice experiment I will teach you more mind if you have a difficult situation you that now we should meditate okay meditate should think about bodhichitta all that you tolling little bit a little bit different way know and then you slowly develop your maybe you know first relax your body and mind and then extend that motivation that you know get comfortable and then you meditation to others right so so that's that's know as usual deep breath few times very important you know otherwise if we just because it helps calm your mind and make have the idea of extending out of to all living sure bring your mind back make sure you're beings if we are beginner you know then the there and once you're comfortable and practice would be sort of without feeling you relaxed and you know then you can begin know I mean you just to think in other beans the meditation by imagine yourself first let's but not really it will not never sort of actually say first yourself we should maybe practice touch our heart you know I mean that's why aspiration bodhichitta this way think about you know this expiration practice the body yourself think about your life how these bodhichitta inspiration is very important first when you for instance when this also two you have to develop that you know combination this meditation combination of aspiration think about others because if you your your breath when you breathe in you don't have that aspiration and then ran should visualize visualize you here first think away practiced only and think about or live about your life you have good life or not in bins and if you really investigate how can good life in the think about that if you have a you help or live in bins you have no good life you should appreciate them and connection you know just to your your you should you know dedicate your life you thinking just to thinking but it's not sort of know and then visualize when you breathe tangible you know there is a no feeling in right visualize all the happiness yeah actually so that's why when you meditate peacefulness everything joy you know that very important you sort of your feeling you exist in this world you know you are taking know are you really there or you just just sit with your breath check-in and you are in thinking I mean you know so it's very very receiving you know this those you know is a important the aspiration bodhichitta I think sort of is if you like color is a white light you because that helps you know develop our receive in all the good things that exist in mind and once you have very strong this world you're taking that with your breath inspiration it's sort of automatically I want when you breathe in doesn't matter when help I won't help how how how you you will you breathe in short or long it depends right you know that cautions arise in your mind all so taking those things and then when you the time how how how should I help how breathe out imagine that all your problems many way you're looking for help you know suffering sadness all this we all have worry then you know one way you can help you stress all that right so that's that's we have know they call small doesn't matter right you so living from your body from your mind if are you're you're thinking but if you're you like color as a dark or black smoke thinking if we're thinking ourself all the time color at the same time let go everything in we're not there yet we are ignore others you your thoughts whatever you have sadness know so this this in then you know self right anger attachment worry stress whatever selfish and then you will never never find you have just let go everything with you actually happiness in this kind of part so when you breathe out so continue doing this that's why aspiration makes sure aspiration practice for a few minutes as you continue practice four immeasurables practice love your practice and it becomes more stable and kindness compassion forgiveness all and real hartfield and tangible then you you this our foundation of application bodhichitta then you can begin to expend the given and taken to more and more other living beings meditation so do that for a few minutes okay if you wish if you want do this continue on I understand okay just to relax now if you yourself for yourself that's fine if you want to two ways you can think about yourself you move and xx you know think about others can think about others you can you can more then you can do that you know when choose you know for instance if you think once you get sort of relaxed and really your about others think about all this situation in heartfelt and then you can do that you know right now in this moment you know people so if you do that you sort of explained the for instance lots of people died and given and taken to more and more other problems all this right now you can think others then then this is how we develop our about that and their family and people who bodhichitta love and compassion right died people who lost their loved ones you northern compassion this is actually love can give them your compassion and sort of and compassion because love is you take in checking their sadness or you can think you know for instance you take in all the about that or you can think about yourself. good things that exist in this world you take in that that's it's that that is love and then what's a bodhisattva we all you know we when you breathe out all the problems leave like to talk about you know when we do in your body mind that's compassion you something good we have a bodhisattva know so this is how you practice aspiration when we you know and when we feel good you know love and compassion and we always like to say oh well you know look sometimes you become you know if you do at that Bodhisattva so I put this question this more and more continually then you here especially for a lot of you guys who are maybe get tired with this practice then you new and I broken down the definition into its just can't simply do rest in meditation you the words Bodhi and sattva and enlightened know rest in meditation rest as long as you Bodhi it sat wine in India yeah sorry the can without thoughts right rest in meditation word Bodhisattva is actually Indian in origin means no thoughts no positive thoughts no Sanskrit in particular so I broken it down negative thoughts you know which also in Bodhi means enlighten and sattva means this case part of the ultimate bodhichitta you existence of being so it's an enlightened know when you rest in meditate you know being and it's also an enlightened existence just to no thoughts no follow your thoughts so the vows itself is related to this existence and just to relax and focus on the present okay a bodhisattva it is anyone who is moment so that's very beautiful you know motivated by great compassion has once you do this you know taking and given generated bodhichitta big word bodhichitta many times with your breath sometimes you which is a spawn which means a get tired you know or I want to do something spontaneous wish to attain Buddhahood for else then just to relax you know no thoughts the benefit all sentient beings okay very good and or you can sort of send all Bodhisattvas could be emanations of fully your virtuous activity and your happiness in enlightened Buddhas for example manjushri the past present future your wealth even Avalokitesvara vajrapani so what what it your body your mind you know to all living means here is that this bodhichitta beings and or maybe you can visualize spontaneous wish to all of us from one one somebody you know special person way another has this always sometimes we meditate that each individual receives all feel kind we wish to help someone that not happiness that's also given meditation right that's not necessary means bodhichitta given meditation so yeah yeah so the given when you've whatever we do whatever we meditation taking meditation imagine that accomplish whether it's to our own efforts to these people as soon as received your helping others to give me advice most of the compassion your love your happiness then time we have an ulterior motive we have a immediately sort of purified their sufferance wish that is not totally selfless so when it that's that's your meditative taking comes to bodhichitta it is a spontaneous total selflessness so hence body shot body who has heard a bit of spiritually heard a bit cheetah is something we wish to aspire for of Dharma and and also who have who who aspire to is a state of mind and Bodhisattvas think deep about the actions I think all of us are beings that has this and they of course in this room should be either this or higher many stages but I will not go into that so for the next one is great lesser these are example when we talk of manjushri I will practitioners who realize that the pleasures Koteshwar some of you may not be for me of this life is limited is faulty is impermanent this words I know but Quan Yin I'm sure all the jobs that we have the relationships that of you know Quan Yin I'm sure all you know we have the fun that we have the holidays let's Avalokitesvara that's the Sanskrit name where you go over all in one day the money for Quan Yin Quan Yin is someone who has that we have the the wealth that we have that which that spontaneous wish to benefit will come to an end so this is the start of the others I will tell you why you need to do that lamb rib the other two scopes is not covered later here here I'm going to talk about our lamb rim starts with this is a great lesser human potential some of you are in lamrim and so because they know it's limited some are you are not so it doesn't matter because they know practices know it's it's how it's played in the lamrim it covers three empowerment why is it faulty because scopes lesser intermediate and great beings although all the fun we have all the money so what are these trees scopes it is a all the things that money can buy all the motivation of lesser meaning - meaning to friends that we can have is faulty because attain for oneself but later on it will I break they can turn against you anytime at any down lesser because the coverage here is moment meaning why why that's money in regarding our our scope that means our all that can turn against you because always state of mind right now which is under no money cannot buy happiness all always lesser because we are not body suffers yes know that money can destroy our lives we don't know how bodhichitta we have friends can can be friendly at one time and know our state of meditation is not it's quite at the end can betray us give up on us or shaky I would say so we cut we come under maybe was maybe pull us away from the lesser beam I'll go into lesser B because spiritually things that can be beneficial for us that's what all of us start when we start in negative friends so we don't know for sure Dharma and so what it is is it's this divided that's why um deep thinkers practitioners into three categories lesser lesser know this and that's why it comes to the intermediate lesser and great lesser okay next line so they place their focus into don't get caught up with these terms yet let achieving happiness in the next life that's me explain lesser lesser beings is the the very base in a labrum actually I think all lowest possible state of existence we can of us in one some of us should be in this or imagine a lesser beings narrow-minded self- the previous we all of us are not definitely centered irreligious and seek only pleasures we haven't you know we don't have of this life alone they are totally not into bodhichitta we don't have all that to be you spiritually at all some of us knows people know intermediate and great beings so like that some was perhaps people who are that's why some of us will learn lamrim our close to us people who are not close to us training is to achieve that because why do and their only existence is to seek pleasure we want to achieve that like I say all all for themselves they are not into Dharma or these pleasures all the things that we are any other religion for that matter chasing our life all the families all the friends intermediate lesser beasts which are myself our kids our wealth our business we cannot you are related to because I'm probably in it take away refers to the next life that's what is someone who is who alternates between we're in she tells us again and again and negative and positive actions this is all again to drill a nurse this sense that covered in in this book the Bodhisattva because we cannot we have to start our vows by the way it means that someone spiritually now we have to think ahead we have to think deeply about what you really make us feel scared and not do anything want in life hence me spirituality hence about it death meditations to make you a that's where Dharma comes in it's very very little bit scared but that scared is to to turn important that we understand this before we you around to make you a better person take our vows our vows are the ones that how many times you've heard stories or some people you know when I first saw the people who have near-death experience vows I thought oh my god you know it's so after that yeah totally change they become scary there's so many you must not do this better they appreciate life better they you must not do this you must not do this is appreciate what they have better they are a list of don't do's you know there are 18 nicer people some of them even go on to rude vows and 46 auxiliary vows when I first into spiritual is some go on to you know took it they gave me the paper to read after doing charity so deaf meditation or adam reading the vows I was like okay that's a meditation on impermanence is very very good nap it was it was it was - it was quite a wonderful way of transforming so anyway lot for me that's how I was like 23 24 years that goes for this slide i'll go to next what sorry 25 years old I was quite like naive and does the body suffer vows do for us the I was very very new to Dharma and when I bowels are not for bodhisattvas not all was looking at it then besides that they gave bodies that was the body saw us in the past me other vowels you know because I was never didn't take these vows and to become taking initiation as well the other vows is a bodhisattva the Bodhisattva vows are for gruel you know the guru devotion vows us who find it hard to produce an altruistic you're not vowels but there are ways to intention that's very fancy was too to mean devote yourself to your t-shirt and then that it makes us selfless it makes us think of there's that's your refuge I was like when I others the vows are a method to transform read everything sure I took a nap and then us it is not our prison is not something scary someone someone reported that to it is not in fact room she always tells us it's remonstrate and then I've got tea still on something that liberates us it sets us free during the you know there's a Dhamma talk why does it sets us free very simple when before the initiation so I was teased and my you are when you us when you have a point in telling you all that is that I know measure of selflessness when you have a some of you are thinking that the vows are measure of when you you shift your focus to quite scary and what I'm telling you is all out you gain all the happiness in this world very scary but there's a point to it and as that's what all of us know why do so many what remedy said if I if I were to tell you all people in the West in the East are seeking you know all this will give you how many Buddhism spirituality any form of religion husbands in in heaven how many in your religion is a means of bringing shifting our next life you'll be so good-looking you'll be focus okay some some religions maybe so pretty you'll be so wonderful that will me towards God but at least it shifts our focus not getting old so if you so simple I think the out from ourselves because why why is it so vows I'm going to achieve that it's not so important to be selfless it's because we simple so that's why we tell you what what's spend a whole life being selfish that's the your condition right now what women she truth i I I see that myself when I eat time does is always tell you or how many - how when you listen to Rooms teachings you many years in 50 years all of you will be listen carefully and you morning but why gone you know that's that's the the one of does it some of us feel irritated some of us the things that stuck in my mind about when made us it makes us think because every she's teaching so in 50 years all of us will aspect of what remedy teaches every not be here will be 6 feet underground or aspect of not just women she any any ashes so it's good meditation for us death spiritual teaching is meant to open our meditation that's called death meditation it minds to understand our condition to realize many death meditation is not something to where why we're unhappy so anyway holding a vows the Bodhisattvas vows make primary concern here and that's of all us generate artificial aspiring bodhichitta spiritual spiritual people and anyway also and creates the merits to realize bodhichitta and on top of that all of us have many and i said it realize it meaning bodhichitta so karma much Allah , you know in a first half what does this mean when we hold a vows of our life we were we were gamblers we we do not become a Buddha we do not were womanizers we were we're only become a Buddha bodhisattva immediately thinking of ourselves we were spoilt brats what happens is we create we in the we we only care about what's going to boughs make guide us along guides our happen you know no the fun on our actions guide our mind if we follow it weekends on happy hours the next dress towards selflessness towards others we're going to go the party we're going to go towards helping others so when we do that and the jobs that we we are earning to feed the vows are given from a lineage from ourselves to enjoy ourselves the Holi the reemerge himself and remedies lineage next holiday we're going to take so we have them all the way to lama tsongkhapa who is been all always been this and we create a an enlightened wither and lama some girls lot of negative karma along the way so teach lineage them all the way to holding the vows purified that karma and Shakyamuni sharp wood ash a few Mooney most important it lays the foundation for the historical Buddha that's the Buddha who higher bowels and practices for some of you became enlightened India and the hell is a near some control initiation this is a very lineage why I'm saying the lineage why I'm important initiation for many of you guys for talking about it because why I'm for your next life many many of you this is emphasizing it because the vows has something that is taught as a something that blessings when you take the vows and you is taught by remedy for and it's a practice hold a vows it has blessings to change our especially for many of us okay background mind that's why I've said collect merits the on the vowels the vowels consists of 18 merits is the blessing when we hold our bowels good vows these are the main 18 vows we collect merits verses we study the vows and 46 seconds vows and the 18 Bodhisattva vows I know some of you are vows in fraction of the route vows constitute thinking we study body some of ours and losing the vows meaning you break one vow we just practice it what difference does that you lose all your vows it's like a monk will make we are good people we think of others break one of the main mean vows they we go out yes but that doesn't mean that cannot become a monk anymore but in the you have changed you transform your mind body cells vows case you don't have to to be you see selfish self selfishness is worry it doesn't mean that you go to hell or many levels so on a deepest level it's very you cannot take you break the vow you can hard to change and it is the vows it's the redeem yourself which I'll talk later and the blessing of the vows they will help us uproot lineage of these files comes from Buddha all the way why do we want to do that why Shakyamuni literally it is extracted from the you bother all about all this selflessness sutras each and every single vow is deep level because we should be scared extracted from sutras so it's a valid it has a when we when our last hour comes valid source and it is that I will I put you to because we are not is not certain no no some names arya-aa Sangha Chandra go remedy no fortune-teller can tell you that mean Shanti d'Ivoire kabaah it's these you are definitely going to a good rebirth special Saints in the past that is compiled you will take rebirth in somewhere in from the sutras they literally look to the Malaysia you never know for sure so we sutras false for specific sites specific verses want to ensure what's going to happen next that relates to how a bodhisattva should act so the the Bodhisattva vows are achieving and they compile it until they mean it into bodhichitta achieving selflessness achieving this 18 2014 6 secondary vows so what my altruism the so fancy words for this is our point is telling you this is that it has a sauce it has a blessing when you take that is not most people thing when you talk about arbitrary it's not Minah by some Tibetan someone you make yourself look good monk it was from the Buddha himself so actually you don't you make yourself even next one I will start now on the vows I will look worse remember she always says this not go very technical don't worry I know it's I've healed many times when people when very small print because there's a lot but you gossip in talk bad about someone else you don't have to take down the vows that it reflects more on you than you had a vows can you can actually get it from th they person because people can other people have it and when you have when you go for may or may not believe you but when they it when you actually take the vows you'll look at you when you complain and receive your vows and you should read it complain and complain that's not very nice every single day it is not technical it's very so anyway it makes sense it's logical very simple maybe your English is not so number two not giving material eight due to good so some of the vows our explained my silliness or not teaching the Dharma to about the meaning in terms of the words but those who are suffering and involve a it is common sense many of it's common protector so it's a object the substance sense the number one vow is praising requested the subject requesting and a yourself oneself and belittling others due to motivation so this is very simple it looks attachment to receive material offerings technical but it's not meaning when there's praise and respect I put in a - object content someone who needs your help who is and motivation must come into effect genuine this is mentioned this is already meaning you must be praising your self-love discussed in a book who is genuine who and you must be praised you must be has a genuine need and comes to you and belittling means you put down someone you assess the person has somewhat of a else and that someone else you're talking of genuine need for either an explanation a human being here someone who can that's why it says teaching the Dharma understand you and and your your meaning an explanation that will help him motivation of course is you have a an advice where is the Dharma or is not the motivation to receive something you have Dharma it doesn't matter or who needs you maybe you wanted to put it to receive material material eight meaning could be praise or respect I know some of you are a they need to borrow something to help little confused because I think this comes in someone someone who could ask you you effect when some people likes to what they know for your job could be someone who do is they like to come clean about other asks how help lam in general you are people they like to talk bad about other obliged as a body to hold someone who people they like to focus on that indirectly holds the vows to help that person of course and they will say in such a way that makes if this doesn't apply when someone you them look good that's a huge infraction or know is being you know the deceptive breakage of your vows your number one someone who is who is trying to use you of vow in fact and jealousy is also mentioned course you use discernment here but the because some people are very jealous so point is when you can help you should help they like to talk that so generally for those of when there's a need you should help when you who is going to take the vows you you hold hold a boss and you don't help is cannot do that anymore I don't think most subject to infraction in factually means you people here are normal people who gossip break your vows the third one is not a lot people who talk you know when they listening to others apologies or striking gossip need to talk that and in they they others strategy means you hit up you hit they talk about other people this is you have your head could be verbal or it could be you to you have to remember this because know you use you punch them up or you people's reputation is at stake and you you know you do something to retaliate indirectly people who you know when it's there's a huge infraction meaning when you when people apologize to you when you're about physical things when you come to sincere you should accept you hold the catch our house you should take care of our vows when you hold up the vows you things we should not be rough we should should accept people's apologies when take care of our our Center we should take people are sincere you have to of course I care of the name of our Center by our know some of you thinking but sometimes actions so it covers a lot in what I think love what about people who always apologize and also sometimes we think oh you know and apologize and apologize and the sometimes we have we have borrowed apology mean nothing yes but you still from someone who is pledge some money and your heart you who you must let go but you we took it and then we forgot we have to be have to voice out you have to reply you very careful and when you use that money have to respond there's another vow later because it says here in a book on so the next one is abandoning the transgressions occurs when we know or not Mahina by saying that Mahayana texts are the owner of the substance meaning not words of the Buddha or teaching false whatever belonging to the the Sangha teachings okay this one may or may not where we know it belongs to the Sangha or apply to you some me not some some of not that it's been pledged by the owner is you me it's very important that that all of us been pledge it means it belongs to the especially when we explain the Dharma to Sangha it means sorry it means you belong people we cannot you cannot pick and to the three jewels so once it belongs which choose you know oh this teacher is right we chose whether we remember we know that teachings is right this is better that is or we don't know it still belongs and we we better in a so as someone who hold the misuse it we take it we don't take it we give vows you cannot discriminate teachings it to someone else you're breaking your within Tibetan Buddhism with in any form of vows so what is trying to say is not is to be Buddhism in fact remedy says within any responsible about the Chara house is to be religion you cannot criticize another religion responsible about our spirituality about that we have no right and it breaks our vows so belongs to the organization is taking this is very important this specifics mentions responsibility the number six is abandoned the Mahayana what I'm talking about what the holy done by saying that the text which remedy talks about in general about teach the three vehicles are not the religions as well so we have where people Buddha's words this is on a technical side from other centers we have other really three vehicles refers to the Mahayana other practices we do not criticize we do not theravadan and Vajrayana Tibetan bring it down so that's the basis of this file Buddhism Chinese Buddhism Japanese ok the fifth one taking things belong to the wooden korean buddhism vietnamese Buddha Dharma and Sangha that means in buddhism thai buddhism belongs to in a Buddha Dharma Sangha you should theravadin sri lankan buddhism all this is know that it's the three jewels what's the covered under the three vehicles we cannot tree jewels is which are a house when we say that the holy text is not Buddhist it is not are when we are involved in the department under Buddhism so this is on the technical when we are raising funds when we are so I don't think any of us will be so daring to when we are how do you say doing our say that law but but in an event that we hear voluntary work when we are doing anything someone who does we can remind them in cuchara house when we say we're going that it breaks the other it is so bad that you to do it we should do it when we say we're break the body but someone's bodhisattva going to donate something we already vows means it's wrong on itself doesn't pledged we should do our best to fulfill that mean that you don't take the body side of us because otherwise we are like taking from and you do that it means it's you get the Sangha and we and even coming to positive Karma it still means negative catch our house this is sorry be talking Karma so next with anger depriving an ordained ones of their roles beating and of tibetan medicine much of buddhist imprisoning them or been causing them to heritage has been dismantled or destroyed lose their ordination even if they have Buddhism's ancient synthesis of priests and impure morality for example by saying that healer doesn't always coexist easily with being ordained is useless this is very communist ideology but many Buddhists important with regards to ordained Sangha have hung on to their traditional beliefs which in our case right now we have when the Buddha left his sheltered life it remedy our guru which is higher than the was the shock of seeing someone who was Sangha and also someone like in the future sick someone old and then someone who will have ordained Sangha we will have had died that set him on the path to Anila will be one of the first and we have to enlightenment the Buddha himself claimed be careful to not use actions words and to be a healer not a God and offered his thoughts and the way we handle ourselves teachings as remedies not Gospels known to hurt her in any way possible because if as Sun Yaman 'la he is the medicine she takes off because she hold the vows Buddha the master of remedies the healing when we when someone whose vows we deity of Tibetan medicine his radiant body is should hold them with respect and not the azure blue the colour of healing in his hands other way around so that's that's what this is he holds a bowl filled with the nectar of long about mmm there's technical aspects of it life and the flower of healing guided by also this this vow I put there less than three centuries of practical science Tibetan less or equal than three months it's written doctors are taught that there is nothing in in a book because if it's more it will be the the world that cannot be used in some form Sangha which is another violator so it also as a medicine and their traditional depends on your motivation in action which knowledge includes turning a vast number is out of anger doing all those things. of minerals and plants into medicinal compounds practitioners still use treatments 1200 years ago the people of Tibet that used to be part of Western medical developed a comprehensive medical practice but have now been changed or system they understood how the mind can abandoned the ancient wisdom of Tibetan powerfully affect the body they use subtle medicine resides in this stunning visual ways of changing the body's chemistry with encyclopedia of the human body and medicines made from plants and minerals psyche based on centuries of observation they blessed their medicines and their these intricate paintings represent a blend patients in lengthy rituals and they encoded of Buddhist spiritual teachings a complex this knowledge in a series of elaborate medical science and an elegant art form paintings Tibetan medicine is the focus of a these paintings were made with a worldwide interest in traditional medical remarkable insight into how the human knowledge one of the conceits of present- brain absorbs knowledge they're a visual day society is the notion that modern record created to pass along a vast amount science technology and medicine have of information in logical groupings this tree made the past irrelevant but long before branches off to display the three basic there was even science or medicine people methods of diagnosis first observation the were observant and inventive as they leaves show the doctor how to look carefully developed ways to combat sickness both at the patient's body particularly the tongue physically and psychically India and China and urine the center branch shows the have traditional practices that have roots in importance of touch and accurately taking antiquity and we're gaining insights into the pulse the last branch illustrates how the traditional medicine from the near-mythical doctor should question the patient asking in kingdom of Tibet steeped in Buddhism that detail about symptoms past illnesses daily could be invaluable in industrialized habits moods diet and any areas of pain as countries as well in lhasa tibet the birthplace buddhist tibetan doctors were unburdened by beliefs and ritual purity or caste so they the Buddhist religion and a uniquely were never reluctant to handle and examine Siberian variation of Tibetan culture but the bodily materials this was probably why they Tibetan medicine of Lhasa and far away were noted for their excellent diagnostic Bharata were to be tested by a new god of skills some Buddhists say that their book of scientific socialism and progress in Russia medicine came directly from the Buddha or the overthrow of the czars and the dropped from heaven here in the yarlung Bolshevik Revolution marked the beginning Valley near Lhasa others with a more of a Dark Age for the buddhists of Bharata historical bent point to Tibet's first great Stalin's purges in the 1930s release an King song Stan gampo under his auspices inexplicable brutality on a massive scale Tibet held its first international medical monasteries are burned to the ground or conference in the 8th century inviting reduced to rubble religious manuscripts and physicians from the neighboring countries of relics are looted and destroyed but its India Nepal Greece Persia and China to leaders are executed by the thousands share their knowledge your talk the elder Tibetan Buddhists are also living on the Great Sage of Tibetan medicine took the borrowed time in March of 1959 the essence of each system and created a Chinese army invades to bet the people distinctly Tibetan fusion reflected in the first resist occupation and are crushed by widely accepted Tibetan medical text the Chinese troops a hundred thousand four Tundras in Europe in the 17th century Tibetans flee before the invading army the to be medically curious is a dangerous Chinese demolished over six thousand pursuit at the same time that European monasteries and temples and systematically doctors are defying the church by secretly destroy medical texts wherever they find dissecting bodies and herbalists and them in order to avoid being captured or midwives are burned at the stake medical killed the Dalai Lama and a small group of knowledge is flourishing in Tibet under the monks and officials set out across the direction of the fifth Dalai Lama at this time Himalayan mountains the Dalai Lama finds a tibetan scholar wrote a brilliant new refuge in Dharamsala India the exiled medical commentary a careful compilation Tibetans are determined to keep their of the leading-edge medical science of the Buddhist faith and their science of healing time he also commissioned the set of alive the heart of Tibetan culture continues illustrations to accompany the new text the now in exile in Dharamsala the area in medical wisdom of a thousand years of northern India granted to Tibetans after the practice was distilled on 279 cloth panels to Chinese invasion of their homeland the ensure that the illustrations were accurate Dalai Lama considers Tibet's unique master painters visit the sky burials most medical tradition one of its most important corpses in Tibet were cut apart and offered contributions to human well-being he to the vultures at the funeral grounds the insisted that one of the community's first actual construction of the human body was projects should be setting up a new Medical very clear traditionally two or three of the Institute beginning in 1961 with one building brightest monks from each monastery would the large complex now houses a school and be chosen to study at a Medical School in a facility for manufacturing traditional Lhasa over the years these monk doctors medicines the handful of trained doctors traveled across the Tibetan Plateau who followed the Dalai Lama into exile were spreading their medical knowledge and their able to re-establish Tibet's entire medical Buddhist faith throughout Central Asia they system because as a part of their traditional expand Tibetan influence north into Russia training they had learned all of the ancient establishing thriving Buddhist communities texts by heart dr. Dawa guides his students in Bharata the region around Lake Baikal through the seven year course required to between Mongolia and Siberia the Tibetan become a doctor of Tibetan medicine but culture takes root expressing itself through this classroom looks a little different from what it would have a hundred years ago not checking how fast it is he uses each of three everyone is a month many of the students fingers to evaluate the health of a different are women and a significant number of internal organ next the urine the color odor them plan to study Western medicine as and characteristics of the bubbles in the well so Authority the quality is necessary for urine all point to what might be out of a physician are to be knowledgeable and balance in the patient's body from the color experienced another very important thing is of the urine and how the bubbles disappear that the doctor has to be kind-hearted and it seems this is a bit serious try to eat more have a loving compassionate nature I'm fruit but not sour fruit for the time being I will Judy Cambridge Chandi your eq8 a god dr. prescribe medicine for one week then come Dawa knows the Tibetan medicine must back with another urine sample initially continue to evolve yeah we can't be content almost every disease stems from an just to say Tibetan medicine is one of the unwholesome diet or improper behavior most ancient systems of healing we need to which cause imbalances in the body interact with modern medicine so we can according to the Tibetan knowledge of authenticate our results and cross-reference healing the four main methods of treatment our diagnosis and treatments to correct are correct diet and behavior the inaccuracies that doesn't mean we should appropriate medicine and accessory lose our identity in trying to imitate Western therapies like massage and acupuncture so medicine we need to create dialogue with touchy elem so it must heal in Dharamsala Western science in the West scientific the spiritual and physical elements of knowledge can have an uneasy fit with Tibetan medicine remain inextricably linked spirituality but dr. Dawa finds no but China and Russia have sought to sever contradiction between his understanding of the bond want to know what we're up to visit medicine and his faith in the Buddha's our website inulin Odette the capital city of teachings Buddhist doctors believe that the Bharata Buddhism and Tibetan medicine healing they offer their patients is part of have not been completely embraced to their own spiritual growth a way to practice Vandor ji is a Buddhist monk and a doctor compassion on the path to enlightenment who practices traditional Tibetan medicine no salad on the daily she but didn't you here it hasn't always been easy at times destroy business or didn't in Tibetan he's been hounded by the KGB and medicine healing is a collaboration between forbidden to leave the country to Vaughn doctor and patient no blinking lights or high- Dorji Radney avec also known as to van tech equipment and dr. Dawa makes his lama may not be your image of a typical diagnosis using careful observation a Buddhist monk but complete with cell phone trained sense of touch and a real dialogue and a busy schedule he's an mg Lama a with his patient is this where it hurts serious doctor of traditional Tibetan medicine he ah when you eat hot chilies do you get a works out of a small clinic in a Buddhist headache when you eat too much oil or fat community center to Vaughn Dorji takes a sonority Meena Dada Western medicine is vow very similar to the Hippocratic oath to good for acute illness and for emergency do his utmost to cure and to treat every cases as when there are traumatic injuries patient equally regardless of age race or Authority whereas Tibetan medicine is good well no he may be wearing the traditional for long-standing conditions or chronic robes of a monk but to Vaughn Dorji deals diseases its particular strength is getting at with some very contemporary medical the root cause of diseases rather than issues as a Buddhist he's opposed to masking or just treating the symptom that assisted suicide he believes organ donation one area Mandy how much here in the should be encouraged and thinks artificial Tibetan system one of the most important insemination can be of great help to women methods of diagnosis is by means of the who want children up to 30 patients a day pulse but dr. Dawa is doing more than walk through the doors of his clinic with every possible medical problem it isn't that class enemies by the Soviet state so when we ignore modern Western medicine they two von Dorji decided to become a Buddhist have their own excellent aspects such as doctor he faced some serious obstacles but surgical treatments and computer analysis there were difficulties to go to a Buddhist they can be very effective and we can make school you had to get permission from the use of them if it in the future I hope we can Communist Party Central Committee all the combine the good points of Western way in Moscow but here in borracho I was medicine and traditional Buddhist medicine very lucky to meet a sham Bar Dorje what I mean the a his first patient is 11 Gamboa the man who until the end of his month old Zorich he's back for a check-up life would always teach me humble Imam he for a skin condition - Vaughn Dorji is treating got me into the Institute and I graduated in more and more patients with allergies and 1982 when two van Lama finished his skin problems he believes there's a link to medical training he was forced to register the chemicals now found in food - Vaughn with the KGB he's not the bull um but I did Dorji relies on a sensitive touch careful all the llamas were supposed to tell on one observation and quiet listening and if the another who was doing what and they tried patient is too young for a conversation it's to force us to spread rumors about each all the more important to be aware of body other and I refused to do this fortunately language the color of the skin and overall they did not stop me from being a llama I energy hmm I'm no more to build with a was allowed to go to Mongolia but I was baby I look mainly at the face economy it barred from going anywhere else so I shows everything that would indicate inner couldn't leave the country to continue my diseases a typical treatment starts with education mr. Romney granny region don't herbal medicine and changes in diet whoa even ask it was a time when any kind of come on now Zurich you need to take some religious expression in Russia was medicine no what's with all of you guys to considered ignorant or subversive but the deal with you buddy hey what did this gluten Buddhist belief that everything is you should give him natural food don't give impermanent turned out to be quite true him the artificial stuff in packages that kind things in Bharata were about to change has lots of preservatives no something uh once again in 1989 after the collapse of the she did it bit me for the first few months we Soviet Union Buddhism was declared a treated him with ointment sand creams but legal religion and once again the temples everything got worse and worse it even are a place of celebration the monastery affected his breathing his skin would get colleges that had been destroyed or inflamed and scab over and just peel off the abandoned are being rebuilt and every modern medicine didn't help so we came family is proud to have one of their children here to see the Tuvan Lama it was become a monk given Dorji has a more miraculous his medicine helped at once secure future as a buddhist doctor he has a zorax cheeks healed who I started to medical license from the russian breathe normally unfortunately for Zurich government though it doesn't allow him to Tibetan herbal medicines aren't sugar practice at the local hospital 's first patient is coated as a Buddhist doctor to Vaughn Dorji mrs. gamma she's a social worker and sees believes he can help strengthen the healing the Tuvan Dorji for both physical and power within his patients he prays for each spiritual reasons he listens to her anxiety of them to regain their health and be freed over a court decision being handed down if from their suffering when this engines things go badly for her partner he may be internal organs and then m'lady get in the sentenced to three years in jail this is water lighten the load and you already gamma receives a blessing in the prayer for lighted only a few of the highly-trained mg a good outcome exposing bridgewater a llamas had survived the brutalities of the doctor must have a big heart he must thirties and Buddhists were still considered understand his patients soul and help them psychologically and spiritually how are you combine plants to treat a wide range of keeping it along with being knowledgeable diseases even though over one-third of our he should be open-minded he can't keep own pharmaceuticals are derived from plant himself isolated from the world he can't stay sources there are still many secrets to inside a capsule I knew that great feeling unlock from centuries of Tibetan botanical carmine come the mg Lama is now my knowledge Tuvan Dorji introduces his personal physician he's the kind of person nephew to the same ancient texts and that you can open up your soul to he has medical illustrations that he learned from at such understanding eyes health and mind that time there were no young lamas they are connected and the most important thing were all 70 or 80 years of age and had been is that the doctor and the patient are friends in prison only a few of them had somehow at Sagat is about an hour's drive from the survived the brutality of the 1930s I was capital of Wulin Hooda it's one of a network lucky to find a teacher divan Dorji has of Buddhist monasteries built in this region mastered the art of pulse diagnosis and he to Vaughn Dorji used to be the head of this wants to make sure that Genghis will be monastery and still comes back to take part able to use this technique when it's time for in the temple rituals his nephew Genghis him to treat patients give us an average who himself hopes to become a doctor one elevator your hands have to be like this or day spends the summer's here learning all people try not to leave them in cold water he can about Tibetan medicine from his for very long we also make sure you wear uncle autumn is the time to harvest many of gloves if you hold a hot cup you have to the plants used in traditional medicines the take care of these three fingers so if you plants energies concentrate in the roots as want to enhance their sensitivity you should leaves and fruit fall away you stay here and soak them in warm milk at the part of the guard the house oh is it to Vaughn Dorji and masculine remember as you diagnose your Genghis head out to gather liquorice an patients these fingers are our weapons important ingredient in medicine to treat against disease that traditionally Buddhist coughs no sir Vasily come fight me trekking doctors make their own medicines it's a skill to remote places to harvest medicinal herbs to Vaughn Dorji once genghis to learn will has always been a part of a doctor's training prepare this five-part mixture that has to be the route here is thin usually it's thicker it's taken with water it's very useful after hard very sweet during the hard years back in the attack it's like a tonic for the heart you know 40s licorice root was used instead of sugar all the ingredients nutmeg Indian long we would give it to the children there is near pepper mood an annamund ginger here I'll the Buddhism with it just dig on this side show you a thorough knowledge of the genghis if we dug around and destroyed the plants is something that will take years but root system and took all of it that would be meanwhile a willing young person can be bad we have to be careful because the very helpful with the more laborious part of plants are our future it's not only you who things put your weight evenly at both ends comes to collect here but other people and don't forget to keep reciting the gudule Molly another very close and medicine Buddha mantra finished at last Lawson well Genghis this will be enough for after six long hours mm-hmm yes wonderful one maybe two years we'll see maybe we'll very well done when you prepare a go out again next year and what is the medicine like the one will around here it is licorice root used for I'll make a medicine so far only a mixed German not yet a with it to treat coughs it helps clear the medicine that usually Custer can use no this chest over the centuries Tibetan doctors not much time now we have to read the acquired a vast knowledge of plant habitat mantra the mantra for the medicine Buddha and medical uses from tonics for the not the prayers energize the medicine and immune system to sedatives and antiviral strengthen its healing powers in the past compounds they learned how to purify and these ritual prayers that give the medicines the power to cure could be held over a enlightenment each time whether you are period of months this particular blessing is born a monk a laborer a scientist or a conducted over five days and nights both farmer you must try to develop your inner monks and the students of the Medical spirit if you do not surrender yourself to School take part want to know what we're anger or cruelty in this life you will climb the up to visit our website plummeting ladder one more step in the next in this way temperatures and fresh snow marked the we try to become as much like the Buddha beginning of the Siberian winter as possible with each life that we live magnificently harsh and delicate in Kiva de burning the photograph severs the last Sigma has come all the way to our Zagat connection of the deceased person to this dotson to consult with to Vandor ji I see that world the purpose of the burial Rite is to let you've lost weight it's because of this the soul leave in peace and find rebirth in terrible disease I have cancer she was Buddhism this present life is considered to diagnosed at a hospital in town with be a preparation for death and the new lives stomach cancer but it's important to her to to follow the coffin is turned away from the get his diagnosis and his advice too as he village so the soul won't be able to find its holds her frail arm he can immediately tell way back relatives visit the graves for 49 that her condition is terminal please be still days at which point the soul will be reborn when did you start feeling bad last autumn simple wooden stakes with banners of the what do you eat these days porridge and Sun Moon and mantras marked the graves fish I also take some oil mixed with alcohol relatives circle the grave three times in a the doctor said it would kill the pain yes it's final farewell jovan Dorji is the last to leave true that your condition is not very good he must close the path so the soul cannot does your stomach hurt yes around here follow them back to the village but death is regardless of whether it gets better or worse always followed by renewal and life here at please do not forget your prayers as he the octagon Datsun Genghis is helping sees her to the door he knows he may be organize the New Year's fire ceremony two saying goodbye he encourages her to keep fires will be live it's the biggest party of the a calm mind and seek refuge in the Buddha season and the rituals oh as much to Barratt I've lived a long life and my children have tradition as they do to Buddhism all that is grown up like all Buddhist doctors to fajn good and we Heuer should be brought to Dorji has a great responsibility for helping one fire and all that's bad and negative is his patients through the last stages of life he brought to the second fire to burn away helps each one make their own journey completely people come here to leave their encouraging them to find refuge in the sickness and go to the other fire to become Buddha's teachings and the prospect of pure again and to be prosperous and rebirth I noticed not a typical model healthy people start to gather at dusk they Bethenny's business she is completely bring bags of wheat flour balls which they've aware that death is near at hand I think rubbed over their bodies they believe they'll she's a very rageous woman she can fight be rid of all earthly desires and karma when the disease a little longer but mainly she the balls are burnt in the fire the paper skull needs to keep a calm mind and prepare for is an offering to yamaraja the king of life and her death here there are no frantic attempts death down there as the two fires light up to prolong life at any cost a patient's death the winter sky one burns away the failures isn't a failure it's a transition an awakening of the past year the other lights the way for from the dream of life Tuvan Lama is health and happiness in the new one we presiding over a funeral of a resident of improve the contract in fifth order for you in Oswegatchie village his role has switched Buddhism and Tibetan medicine go together from healer to spiritual leader reincarnation they are inseparable other people may think is a matter of fact to us Buddhists the soul is differently but I believe you have to know reborn over and over again getting closer to the foundation of Buddhism to understand the foundations of the medicine you need to that is present so so then Tibetan tradition understand it with your body your mind and since Tibetan tradition which is started after your soul Buddhists medicine will be alive Nylander famous Islander tradition well as long as we pass on the heritage to new established in India there for 12 edition do generations as long as patients want to be actually the pure lineage of Nylander treated with mg Lamas we will keep our tradition that's very clear all those major tradition and I believe people will come to us texts of Buddhism mainly some scripts and for help as long as Buddhist medicine has some Bolly which we learned study by heart the power to heal Taman human beings from young age let me see tamo better face four main sufferings they are part and bruises do balcazar a better tomorrow Z she parcel of life birth sickness old age death it did Ponca City Petrovich him do ha Jonesy is very important to know why we face these Oh his case around 1415 years a start is he problems in our life if we realize and learning Mike is about six seven years very understand these things it helps us maintain young I started learning by heart at that time a positive attitude the Tibetan culture in no interest almost like button said in daily so Lhasa was damaged in the last century by time when when my tutor come there almost tides of history that shook the entire world. much although she didn't um I used to feel almost as if the Sun was setting and getting it's from Sri Lanka and Thailand they are the darker so such a student is it really less I practitioner of Pali tradition so that is the think I always prefer play like that so maybe foundation of buddhadharma and among to a stupid student so so my point is all those this follower the holder of Pali tradition or texts which we learned by heart all road by they are elder so my respect then Sanskrit Nylander masters so it is quite clear and regime is concerned or Chinese Buddhists then later he stand study commentaries of and then korea-japan welcome and Tibet these routes text so Tibetan Buddhism I and Mongolia so China among them the usually describe the Theravada tradition Chinese tradition of Chinese was the day and Rosasco tradition including Buddhist the Sun scripture sanskritization holder Tantra in the tradition all complete so Chinese Buddhist or older or sons of there's an Islander tradition like one of top tradition senior so then we Tibetan our or city scholar as well as in Buddhist master youngest only after 70 century Mongolia's Nagarjuna he himself you see wrote case I heard first of all is enriched Mongolia tatianna and of course Madhumita perhaps before reaching Tibet first of all in philosophy her philosophy I think something second and third then Buddhism come from like combined with Rajas so Nagarjuna one Tibet so 's teachable the Dharma which of the top scholar of the null endure his practicing by Mongolian does come from position also philosopher also very good Tibet so for Tibetan case Indians our guru Buddhist monk then also physicians and the Mongolians case we are their burrow so also some kind of chemistry Madras also a now basically the Pali tradition and the kind of a chemist as well so we can I think sanskrit addition to traditions the salsa consider him as a at that time sort of was a tradition the the palate region also used I scientist so his brain is really brilliant in his saw that takes so some kind somewhere I writing the or say he make very precise think combined party tradition as a forward a distinction certain Buddhist heard foundation then some so tradition in the a word which he found contradictory with Sanskrit addition the I think Buddhist logic logic visions logical reason then he zipped maybe I think develop stronger it these things then then those only those extensively car more extensively more texts which logically can prove then he extensive in the sounds good tradition then except this other tragic account saw these also the Buddhists and Rihanna Buddhist are definitive statements of the Buddha the unshipped also then I think in Sanskrit Buddha himself is made clear the my vision Buddhists and Rihanna also much follower accept my teaching not out of respect but rather your own investigation example these through centuries although and experiment so he make very clear they have their own language their own some kind of Liberty to assert to investigate script but they prefer you see study with Buddhist own words because the Buddha is depending which great in tibet case did i it thought different philosophies due to think really I think because of the broad Emma his follower there are different minded or I thought passages yes faceted I amenities position therefore she deliberately think both Tibetan Emperor and mainly I teach different philosophy or different didn't Islander this particular sort of scholar concept which itself contradictory so he advise all those texts should translate sometimes I jokingly telling audience these into Tibetan so at the Sameer monastry contradictory philosophy taught by Buddha does suppose that in first monastry is a one Buddha same Buddha same teacher businessman of free internet in Tibet certainly it is not correct not certainly not actually dead monastery it said the due to his own confusion certainly not no he construction of that monastery carried under deliberately create confusion Emma his the instruction of generosity so they're student certainly not then why he taught is different Department one department for in these different philosophy contradictory translation one department for meditation philosophy the answer is there are different one department for Vinayaka soda into a sort of mental disposition mental capacity in monastic discipline mmm and start taking different karmic orcid a potential ha and monks vow so first time eight century under there are differences among the individuals that masters leadership another department karmic propensity so this very helpful is it to like more ritual or ceremony or tanzy on and look other tradition non Buddhist tradition of course meantime the per Misawa also yes there are people who may not find there he carry I think his direct responsibility Buddhist approach is suitable so we need is to eliminate all the negative forces of different approach different way of approach buddhadharma and meantime he also he according different amenities position of carry some tons of teaching so eventually people at different location different time so Tibetan language now I think up to drizzle this very helpful with it to develop as a day up to now the Tibetan language is the one because of the accept of pluralism over in of the I think almost I think the best streams is very useful so so Tibetan language among the translations of original tradition in some time ago Nitin I mean the Sanskrit text sounds a test so the Internet earliest early part of 20th century some century some other Western scholars they scholar described Tibetan Buddhism is not say they found Tibetan translations are very genuine Buddhism but something divided authentic technology are accurate accurate through a home deviant and corner Islamic now critic Utah's our warm up not only one back degenerate form of Buddha or hour so I don't know how to start actual degenerate of Buddhism which call Lama explanation about buddhadharma perhaps easy I think there's I think expression or now I should switch to other language the description of love of knowledge so usually I she's in Boise sorry legs are dancing similar always tell him or introduce Tibetan Sam much it a simulation University did to Buddhism is pure tradition of Nylander position Sam La Salle de Miranda some institution but then meanwhile I also want to alota she did you saw some sights you re to say they aged century they won one of top do Saudi the same appendage of a llamar a logicians as well as the philosopher or sim down Ari Ari chose a Coco Shiva the master of Nylander came to tibet his name Droid Razr a Tunisian do she sent me ten Chandeleur Sita he I think encouraged villages of member non Shiva said t Tibetan Emperor now you Tibetan should I monotone Asha Asha we re some lands that say should hold buddhadharma through the order to me are the Thornton sim tumor your own language so it is much better to attaining any did you do they are a sim to translate in Mongolia's case now for charger shallop Andrea never Monsieur de around my area Simba do Shanna ChaCha of pain and pleasure because we all natch Tiggy don't do me any harm did he mean to they aspire for happiness seek happiness Sonny Sin Cara Maria's semblance down at and wish to overcome suffering and the role the niggas MD any my hands will alia your of mind in that aspiration is very crucial head honey Lord Shiva says not a lolly I because according to Buddhism suffering should live with why Lu the sentence love and pain is understood to be a function of you gee koresh ever seen it she he angora an untamed and undisciplined mind and to put a Charles abolish I'm adore sanction happiness and and joy is understood to be a book says not this angle in dizzy your rest function of a tamed and disciplined mind on your minds summer summer CDs same and so this is that's why the first part of the received honest Sam Hardy an orangutan statement mind is devoid of mind the first retainer passenger model any number she part of the statement emphasizes the role of was singing choral telomere Haji Yamaha mind and consciousness in our fundamental chef sonna any tears of the past away experience of happiness and suffering the Cindy Cindy similarity may raise some second part of the statement is - devoid of motorists Rd sim truthin in motivation to kill - mind and this part a point to our er - MO - uh sir - modularity and Lulu understanding of mind itself in our naive lambda V King G in the module chacham perception we tend to feel as if there is arremato Simran Shinji what rushing you something called mind that is somehow a says on gypsum ignore it on your data - Mel concrete that is somehow real and so what away your marriage to me more 2 million the Buddha is pointing out is that this naive km is a decision perhaps I will begin with assumption of there being some kind of the citation from a well-known scripture solid thing or concrete thing called mind is is Buddhist scripture which belongs to the a false distorted understanding and then the genre of scripture known as the perfection final part final part which states that the of wisdom and the statement goes as nature of mind is clear light then points following the mind is devoid of mind towards the ultimate nature of mind ultimate because the nature of mind is clear light so natural mind is a phenomenon that whose this statement there we can look at it three reality and existence of the religious or different aspects of the Buddhist thought on originally the assembly transmission religion the basis of this particular statement so the let synchronicity sojourners with us - so the first part deals with the phenomenon that we the final part the nature of mind is clear light call mind so when we speak of mind we are points towards the nature of mind where it's already talking about a phenomenon that is reality can only be understood in terms of directly related to our experience of dependent relations of causes and happiness and suffering pain and pleasure conditions and beyond that dependent and and and also for example when we relation one cannot posit a mind that is speak of the experience of pain and separate from that relationship and pleasure suffering and happiness we are furthermore it also points to us that in its already talking about sentient beings who essential nature mind is pure in our mind have the capacity to feel these experiences our mind is deluded but these delusion and we are not talking about inanimate objects the pollutants of the mind are advantageous which has no capacity for experience of that and the pollutions of the mind contamination kind so directly we are talking about a really result from kind of more thought phenomenon that is not material that is that processes and conceptual processes which is a experiential in their nature so in other has the tendency to obscure and and taint words we are talking about a phenomenon our essential nature of the mind however known as consciousness or mind and what the mind the essential nature of mind is and then the key point being made here is luminosity and this mere experience and in to emphasize the importance of the role of at that level our mind is clear light our mind consciousness and mind in our experience is free of pollution so so these things are pointed out in this one statement of the because although we assume the mind to Buddha that mind is devoid of mind possess some kind of objective independent because the essential nature of the natural existence of its own but however if you mind is clear light dinner's looks over know critically analyze and search for that some Chester some loss at Diggy the phenomenon then you cannot find a symptom or Doogie planet to do a ranger phenomenon that is solid concrete and sunny teach in a shanty similar sadly time independent of the basis upon which the we are it so much it is adding some phenomenon the label mind is being applied medication barata summer so much it is the so here one can speak about what the the same day some gay young serious sin semi middle wave Lhasa furs school and mind or a sim truly are in his shoes - your vagina only school has talked about three nature's - yo - Saturday into Sunday Nicola of the mind so here when we speak about senescence a tradition Chacho we are the nature of mind so the mind itself would editing we are a the awesome new hollow to be there at the basis and what is being Moog j-julia any tongue she says answer negated is that our imputation of mind as Sam las toddy gala Garza santa lucia possessing some kind of truly substantial conscious intent o de totora any symptoms reality so that is the imputed nature and of change sicinius insane obsession da then the absence of that imputed nature on tunak nerves changes on a honky-tonk bay the basis which is mind is that the empty gotcha varsity Chicago to the Torah - she empty empty nest nature or the thoroughly Jenny shower Gunda Europe said it was in established nature so what it points to is your Lotus only one says that the summer that mind which we assume to possess this summer city circus tea dance simulation us real existence is actually devoid of such all Saturday this is a deep dish another substantial reality and that absence of that auditioning but no decision when you substantial reality is the mind true nature window Amir Cheney teen Allah and and then the third part occurs the real competition new both Channing tomorrow existence right now Debrecen substantially be simply Chism myself some current real exists all so the third part because the attaining distinguished from door but this mind is clear light the inner mind is clear really Allah long Charlotte energy in BRE light then can be seen as pointing towards mug solemn duty sorry so rude it that the Buddha's teaching on the Buddha deserved initiation so to summarize and nature the tataka the garbha the essence of what we can understand from from this Buddhahood so when we speak of this the single statement is that the first part of the essence of Buddhahood the seed of statement where Buddha says that the mind Buddhahood it can refer both to the is here the importance of the role of mind is emptiness of mind which is the ultimate F being emphasized and since the key role nature but also to the clear light nature of of mind in you know determining how an mind which is a subjective quality of our undisciplined mind and untamed mind leads mind and it is in respect to this second part to suffering and tamed and disciplined mind of the nature which is the clear light nature leads to happiness this cause and effect of mind that the Buddhist Vajrayana relationship is being presented therefore in teachings are related it is in the exploration this in relation to this first part of the and deepening of understanding of that statement the entire teachings of the clear light nature of mind that the Vajrayana Buddha on the Four Noble Truths the truth teachings become relevant so not finished of suffering in its origin cause and cessation introduction of the developer that the can be related in that context of dealership door dentures chef Marian so understanding the role of mind the second this is like the summary top four noble truths part of the statement that say mind is devoid larceny talents analog way tabali of mind can be understood as pointing tremendous on gaetano poisoning towards the ultimate nature of mind temperatures only Cassandra that domitius eddie kasalivich maneuvered to mention de basic aspiration to seek happiness and to Verde tower said they were dear scientist overcome suffering so this is really the Four Samuel donate a yeah to measure domain Noble Truths the teachings of the Four so dimension mondo sort our community Noble Truths really pertain to this and Ania fortuity O'Sullivan determined fundamental concern of all of our all sentient initially or a telemedicine a do it to me beings that is to naturally aspire for Aslam thirteen even log should learn happiness and to seek to overcome additional Changi your team in the sauna to suffering so when we use the such meet Inuit attention we are you did to make language as seeking to overcome suffering the audit server the news an androgynous in the Buddhist context we need to have a Asia in the Hindu under data to military deeper understanding of what is meant by producer to me the for Dominguez gamma- suffering in this particular context generally ray to Metallica Terry Chaney Lanisha and in Buddhism a distinction is made between Cheng otaku busan everland challenge and three levels of suffering one is the suffering Quixote deliberate humidity Surinder Sahni of suffering that is the evidence of you know the or dear T talking Lennon get your teeth suffering of our pain and and so on which so an impersonal but territory or the we all conventionally recognize as painful television so there is a nearly you prove to experiences and suffering so that is at the me in your shorty towel shining Tendo dojo level of feeling and sensation then there is a Yaran o that Genuity to Java - Alicia the second level of suffering known as the disorder Conda you concern you add to me suffering of change and this includes even de to me Pompey Tower the tunnel she those experiences which we conventionally runs on Naga you'd ever done ok turn down identify as pleasurable and joyful and they down Samba 213 each other 13 UT to make are referred to as suffering because they sure you just leave it to him every Ahmadi have a tendency if you indulge in them for the autorities levity ought to be armory didn't too long they have a tendency to lead on to you with the Rangi do lieutenant - the carrot dissatisfaction and and suffer the suffering an edge from the hinges on it they would to so therefore they are recognized as him maneuver diggie to make it Duty up on suffering and then there's the third level of a now so we re ten totality ship upon suffering which known as the suffering of attended Awad and Evelina 10 totality do G conditioning pervasive conditioning and this do the kind of shave Akane they handle a refers to our fundamental fact of existing in movie re t cultivars Lorena Sanjay to my an conditioned way our conditioned data tower tension deviljho essentially existence based upon affliction and this tendril shaadi other cup d2j change fundamental factor of our existence is essentially a douche and a chicken done recognized as suffering because it is at the watching middleware engine choke a liar root of the first two levels of suffering so in Randy dude against omelet any any dish in the Buddhist context of a practitioner when GP tiny suit origins order de Dieu jet engine he or she aspires for attaining happiness - jet engine sati sour theta number two - and wish to overcome suffering the suffering english' children inches the dead honey and that he or she wishes to overcome is really temperatures at the terminal so you know at this fundamental you know root level of making that as a summary outline of suffering therefore the the happiness that is Buddhism to elaborate a little bit more we being sought in the context of the teachings let's look at them the Buddha's teaching on of the Four Noble Truths refers to direct Four Noble Truths the Buddha's teaching on opposite of that suffering and the direct Four Noble Truths really forms the common opposite of that suffering is the state of foundation for both the Pali and the Sanskrit cessation where all the root sufferings have tradition and if we look at the teachings of come to an end not just the suffering but the Four Noble Truths we are essentially also the causes and conditions that leads to talking about a mechanism for a fulfilling our that suffering that has come to end and this is what is meant by aspiring to seek pouch AHA - go / - I am gorgeous embody happiness and aspiring to see to overcome the mobile Shyamalan similes Jenny to suffering in the context of a practice Center somebody Johnny Sanjay with chili practitioner so and now in engaging in such miji the changeling then told the militia a kind of an aspiration it is not adequate theory Kara's l'm sure the children initially then to make the prayer met the exploration catania initiative launched I went to sunny may all sufferings come to an end a may I children objection time Jack shushing me attain the true freedom that is happiness losing the day-to-day basis and a mere you know making such aspiration alone is looting katanas da la ayuda - si Tanya not adequate what is required is to mentioning da cover your lordship that CRT understand that the causal mechanism and show you are led by yondu velocity VG me Relations that causes and conditions that come ever tha any rim d-10 she loved leads to suffering that we wish to be wish to Angela Channing Toto any too many or overcome what are the NN on the basis of shivakashi humor chia-chu der ezzor de ana that understanding one needs to avoid you Buddhism shaadi a kind of humanism sister know creating these causes and conditions Dorothy pudgy little tee mee chi-wah dos a and also one need to look into the causes Sarita that's occasionally solo concerto and conditions that would lead to this meet Tammy amici Tara yeah Kalamata ultimate happiness that we are seeking for Saracen in taranaki Java code Oota lambda and on the basis of that understanding one ma mooches low gear Michi da Cunha must cultivate those causes and conditions jojoba Sanjay Baku sahaja board oh yeah and it is on that basis one needs to fulfill leadership Chandra theistic te da cheese that basic aspiration of seeking happiness doodle dee dee will show the models the and overcome suffering so what this tell us mill modulation and then and then and illustrate is a fundamental philosophical eventually dr. Donna boost Terran could be principle in Buddhism which is the principle she available machining under Sonya of dependent origination because in decided what one Sunday of HEG San Buddhism the key philosophical idea really Diego's on March 1 Marcus never you know is understanding of the evolution and Sunday - karai - ah - move on - Evelina any emergence of everything in terms of their Tamil echolalia cut the toys in a bottle causes and conditions alone and it is Osama yevadu Sims hid elusive associative through the aggregation and coming sati re tenet Australia mobile service are together of causes and conditions that given sevens their cushy tone in the Sangha events come into being and so this points to Chevy in iron for Canada number 10 we are the Buddha's teaching on proceed SM victims indie music sangguk we actually ibadah dependent origination particularly in entertaining comes at each honey deterred terms of causes and conditions time hello one went underground sänger on about on daddy daddy haha topwind rudaba's love intention deliver courses are given service i you undo that only tangle up the children wanna do one Kostas Angela Evans our David thinks will be Pachulia tension piety me Tamara G sunny who are two that moldava satin Sheen is from Malaysia that you get one so now when we look at Tanisha's the sheen is delicious then a this the way in which would actually taught the is holiday Vaslav decided that she needs Four Noble Truths in the scriptures we see you to dissipate into Sunday anyone out of that woulda repeated the statement of the committee was at odds over it in the engine Four Noble Truths the truth of suffering in its and long term due to shortage this one this origin and the cessation and the part that is hot there was a service level is done in leads to that physician first Buddha that tether any longer route Oh chef a yuna identified what are those four truths what is daruka disagrees alumna and it to measure suffering what is the origin of suffering and a situation that to male presence on a what is the possibility of a cessation what partner - dude - well large avocado cannula are the parts that would lead to that cessation and by you know speaking of the engage in the Buddhist path because specific nature of these Four Noble Truths Buddha's path and practice involved the Buddha in essence set out and our maximum utilization of human intelligence understanding of the nature of reality how and therefore human existence is really cause and effects play in this in this reality seen as the ideal bodily existence to and in the second level Buddha talked engage them to put its path so what we see about the functions of these understanding here is a pattern of a of a journey spiritual of the Four Noble to the nature of the Four journey where starting from the individual or Noble Truths and the function here is how in an ordinary human state through a on the basis of the understanding of this progressively more awakened state nature of reality as an individual how should ultimately culminating in the attainment of an individual go about implementing that full liberation as well as including full knowledge into a day-to-day alive and living awakening of Buddhahood so when you an ethical and spiritual way of life and then look at in this way there is some truth in the third aspect of the Buddha spoke about some people when they characterize on the teacher when the Four Noble Truths Buddhism as a form of humanism because is how by applying these functions of the it is it essentially presents a part that unfolds form of knowledge of the Four Noble Truths from an individual ordinary human state to what kind of results that individual an enlightened state and this is quite practitioner would achieve and here Buddha different from the basic pattern of a spiritual made statements such as suffering must be path in the evolution of the spiritual teaching recalled so the first he said this is the truth in the theistic traditions in the theistic of suffering in this with respect to the tradition the fundamental origin of the second the function he said the suffering spiritual teachings is a form of a revelation must be understood or recognized that's the coming from and transcendent being from function and with respect to the purpose there there is a kind of a more top-down and and the fruit a result he said although evolution whereas in the Buddhist suffering is to be understood and spirituality the evolution is more from bottom recognized but there is no suffering to be up from the level of an individual ordinary understood and recognized so what he is human being to an awakened state now of talking about here is that once you have as course one can raise the question is saying a result of employing applying your that even in the case of Buddhism but a knowledge of the nature of suffering and spirituality are in the teaching the parts lived an ethically sound way of life and themselves taught by an enlightened being attained the result then there is no more the Buddha in in other words the Buddha further suffering to be recognized and the historical Buddha here of course a eliminated so if you look at the way in which common understanding that is shared by the Buddha taught first of all the nature of you know one one's perspective that is suffering nature of the Four Noble Truths commonly shared between the theravadin the functions of the Four Noble Truths and and the non pair of Auden's is that up until the fruit of the knowledge of the Four Noble the point when Buddha attained Truths and the practices based upon that enlightenment under the Bodhi tree in what we see here is a fundamental pattern Bodhgaya buddha was a bodhisattva a that is and that reflect the understanding of sentient being and and under the Bodhi tree the stages of the path within the Buddha at bodhgaya buddha attained full awakening within the Buddhist tradition so here what that marks transcendence from ordinary we see is in the Buddha's teaching a pattern human being to an awakened fully of a journey of an individual from the awakened Buddha but even in the case of starting point of an ordinary human state Mahayana perspective where the historical and here that the human existence is really Buddha even from birth is already seen as a seen as the ideal physical existence to manifestation of someone who had already already attained the embodiment of the four Grecia tome insertion innervation embrace caius the four Buddha bodies even here one a student-driven addition to the Debenhams will have to recognize that the Buddhist you Adela modem ma che gDNA da choppah know a deed of attaining enlightenment Raja paddles but 10 de agua a lesson you under the Bodhi tree in Bodhgaya has a do johnny has 31 degree cosa Judy get a special significance because the little judge Carmencita miscellany Rosanna significance here is to illustrate to the barrini rapido Sundari Satine is on a cannot followers of the Buddha that the Buddhist to make it to me the GUI to mend Russia to path has to be is a journey from a state of menacingly di oggi less saya saya Cunha to ordinary human being to an awakened state induce on a lander woman Eva it's our of full Buddhahood those you see down atrocity the Kuna nobleman even t1 in the yeah any to focus on a tangelo and a edges I've given page a servo Tatyana Suffolk your genius and ISM get long yellow mo memorable ceoddi van so Toyota horizontal shabad is really in fact there is a me Tim nanosolar Jana Taiwan Sasha de statement in one of the sutras scriptures l'air de todo de wang ji do to me so Buddha which states that all the Buddha's of the taught or a Saturday in DotA 2 CD Tamera three times are and will be Buddha's who Mowry was a tea set where the mesa de are initially ordinary sentient beings who Santa maría Ella Mombasa in diversity through the journey and became fully litigious Shabana internal jnana mobile enlightened tah-tah Basu ba ba ba da ba da Marva good ah good cousin Cora - mrs. da tada tequila gargy Todd do me Lara can't Juba drama Samara rotten girl Tama River rely on Kimmy lucha de de de Nagar susanna medici me Shiva Jana she's wrote cheetah Yantra of the mix additionally now our chili and Sahara saturday medicine at to legitimate antibiotic then a good noona DEFCON Angela Mobile was designed for paya support a legitimate antibiotic toddy children bubble so the she wrote over Tamil some Dahlia NYADA du Midi to Cali to do cigarette in do not teach the soul is eternal the sundown WA donate you consider us a naming a huge any day nation in tatters in sometimes an end to miracle guru sahib ra Bellotti any chill allah in the mandatory da goon June and l'éducation appear sharma hindi hindi ootah donna wha initially toes all the new movie Hoosiers re saturday golly golly Todd avatar settling it's re less Hardy till certain insane Chuvalo not down to the towers changes on a nice chicken Kalugin throw other guna little dinner alia Teramo was on TV that kind mceventyr upon a cooking supper crucial of try to solve it not it shit's hard Tara Shiva desolate Tindall adi guru ji calendar among which time we re Todd the upon and psychology being the sole developer Ludo that look agenda told to authority to dispense all the materials of the hooray the three main design a da touch a constantly penetrating hesitating guru be nourishing you to the motors that I think are charity returned and Sasha ji Hui being too some tonic Marie bird told E Russia turns in sunny now guna Gupta who catches up velocity trash it ruins in Bellotti Murray boy cassia your 813 alone you know suddenly in demand she Lola in the Mossad II trust re Takada to meander Giggy - D - may you you - you McConnell said signal tower tn2 be able to share it honey - maybe - dramatic nice Erdogan Mullane V - nuketown said Marva a penne penne tomato mexicana - Colleen BRE daddy shifted the shaking I did media to me did you see tsunami entered a follow topic on the dashiki Omar a call CRT - met Dana tomato men tenderness barbacoa similar so much it is I think of Automedon a letter saga Suzie Marvin ko Atlantis at Emory something similar she Jin Julia the castle debate similar change to thought is simple Cora around naruse to take gamma r XL team dengue mom your bodies simply yelu xia bina simply Pacheco wonky ha ledger Mombasa T nigga marry sim purchase ignored Hagane wonky solo me a lesson in tomato Antonio sim any colloquy a Russian you Tom some de da de caso de ser de la gente Tonio G Puccini theory is that is mood wa sallam a shitty setting same a shitty sorry so three that lead to these degrees of suffering so minutes on a tower to new tower tell Verde we'll so this immediately takes out to this to that Iran s area C Turnham or 10 order the the understanding the second truth which is domine in a rush to the toilet John's NT the truth of origin of suffering so basically tenet aboard wasa tower a Giga that you jet when we speak of the origin of suffering we engine Taylor - in shape then in Jewett are talking about two primary factors here engine some women then talk with engines one is the Karma karmic actions of volitional a dick on a shame really 10 top wins a term intentional actions and the afflictions which is wrong - Mrs T me wrong cruelty damage are the basis from which these actions arise tender 20 Shariati co-tenant drew a and between these two the principle the Hindustani then Tom O'Connell Aliza wrong origin of suffering really is are the afflictions to achieve our bodies Joe I'm true Marty in so whereas the when we talk about karmic the ultimate upon launching not the action we are really talking about a subset Chandeleur T whatever 's bishop on of the larger cause-and-effect events so Saturday Marilla shame choo-choo-choo what is unique about the karmic causation is yah-tchi that Tommy Tommy twosie body the involvement of a sentient being and his the motivation Commodore the docent got it or her intention so when intention gets will be re so talking about suffering and its involved into a chain of causation a new set origin and the third particularly third noble of a new chain of causation is created and truth which is the truth of cessation the truth that new chain of causation is referred to of it so what we need to do as practitioners the common causation so it's really subset is to really inquire into the very question of of the wider cause-and-effect processes the possibility of attaining such a cessation and and so the comic so most of the so what we mean by cessation is a state important actions that we engage in that where even when you are confronted with really matters that has significant the causes and conditions that would consequences tend to be actions that are normally lead to afflictions and give rise to driven by intentions or motivation so and it suffering a cessation refers to a state where is the motivation and the intention that you will note these causes and conditions determines the the quality of the actions that which may which would otherwise lead to we engage in so when we talk about the suffering and afflictions would not have the motivation we are talking already talking at power to create afflictions and sufferings the level of our states of mind that give rise anymore so that is this that the truth of to these actions and here the afflictions are cessation and so when we talk about the have a very important role in in creating the cessation we are talking about the cessation intention of the motivations that we have of the suffering and already we spoke about and so and at the root of all of these three different levels of suffering though afflictions is really ignorant because there is evident obvious suffering about sensations not a single sentient being that would and suffering of change and suffering of willfully knowingly create the causes and pervasive conditioning which is the more conditions for his or own suffering now fundamental level of suffering so by because our basic exploration is to aspire engaging in the path and you know living an for happiness and to wish to overcome ethically sound way of life one will be able to suffering so all our activities are really gradually eliminate the causes and driven by that fundamental aspiration but so conditions that would give rise to these we still continue to experience suffering and three levels of suffering beginning with suffering because somewhere there is an preventing the causes and conditions for the ignorance involved of the causal conditions evident more obvious sufferings and then that give rise to suffering and and the pain the suffering of change and so on and so and here they when we speak of ignorance when we look so what becomes important is there can be different types of ignorance the to inquire into the causes and conditions ignorance with respect to the karmic law of cause and effect and also even these understanding of no self can arise on the ignorance sometimes we may be aware of basis of understanding all phenomena and what other that the causal relations of an being devoid of inherent intrinsic reality intentional act and its consequences yet still objective independent reality and so we can continue to create conditions for therefore the the Buddhist teaching on no suffering because there is a deeper level of cell thus become directly related to the ignorance which is not just related to the teaching on emptiness the Buddhist causation but also based upon a distorted philosophy of emptiness and so when you understanding of our own experience our understand how the teaching on emptiness own existence and this is referred to as the is relevant to this concern of seeking the to ignorance pertaining to the nature of our end suffering and its causes and then we own reality so in other words much of our will see that that the that the teaching on actions are kind of driven by at a very emptiness has a great significance and fundamental level a grasping at a false when we talk about the Buddha's teaching sense of self or some kind of a concrete self on emptiness that the full explanation of and therefore if one is interested in the emptiness is not found in the first turning of project of attaining freedom from suffering it the wheel of Dharma which is the teaching becomes crucial to understand whether or on the Four Noble Truths but rather in the not there is a possibility of getting rid of that second turning of the wheel of Dharma fundamental ignorance and it is in this which includes a teachings such as the context the Buddha's teaching on the no- perfection of wisdom and including the self anatman becomes importance because statement that I cited right at the beginning it is only by cultivating their insight into the of this talk the mind is devoid of mind true nature of self which is no self that one because the essential nature of mind the will be able to undo this fundamental natural mind is clear light so what this point ignorance so when we speak of ignorance is a further level of understanding of we are talking about a state of mind that is Buddha's teaching on dependent origination either a mere form of unknowing just ignore earlier we understood the teaching on it simple ignorance or we are talking about a dependent origination only at the level of state of mind that is a distorted form of cause-and-effect relations and of cause and knowing and therefore we are talking about effect dependent relations now here when a state of mind whose perspective is we bring the teaching on emptiness we can contrary to the actual reality so if that is the understand the dependent origination also case then at least in principle this suggests on the basis of mutuality of dependence a possibility of removing that ignorance where the concepts are mutually defined in because because it is a distorted form of on the basis of each other and in this way knowing there which is contrary to the the understanding of the principle of actual reality there is a possibility by dependent origination becomes much more cultivating its opposite perspective which is extensive it's not confined only to the a correct expert perspective on reality one condition phenomena but it embraces the may be able to eliminate this ignorance and entire spectrum of of all phenomena and so here that the teaching on no self becomes in this way if you understand then you will crucial so when we speak of the Buddha's understand that all phenomena are not only teaching on no self of course within the dependently originated but also there Buddhist tradition there are different dependently designated therefore none of interpretation of the Buddha's teaching or them possess any independent identity of no self various levels of subtlety and the their own or independent existence of their main primary interpretation of the Buddha's own and they are their existence can only teaching or no self that we shall be following be posited on the basis of a dependent here instead of Nagarjuna and Nagarjuna relation so therefore because they are according to Nagarjuna the the full devoid of independent identity in existence they are they are devoid of any substantial play the beta rays this object so so with reality and the state of mind that perceives respect to the truth of cessation as a result them to possess such intrinsic objective of reflecting deeply on the manner in which existence will therefore be distorted and by our fundamental ignorance distorts our eliminating that distorted state of mind perception of reality and how our which is ignorant one will there be able to fundamental perception this ignorance really attain the true cessations so it is in this way is not in tune with the actual reality and how the teaching on emptiness and no self this fundamental ignorance serves is the becomes directly related to the teaching on basis of all the afflictions and the attendant cessation the Buddha's the third noble truth sufferings that it give rise to one when one no aah too many or even is important t da becomes to a point where it comes to a to some stay on your suit has GG also GG point where one can see at least in principle the you lose an e30 Tochigi Talia look we re the possibility of bringing about such as the Delian lankavatara that every Saturday such a cessation then one needs to seek lunch Osun Tasaday porsche city to you the way and means by which that cessation Toby initially he should assume we are a can be actualized and attained and here of tomato business on Nikita doughnuts dot course the fourth noble truth the truth of the over the found on the T giggling they only path becomes relevant so when the Buddha our synthesis away something lower deck speaks about therefore when the Buddha we re Thao Nia chiju lovably re talent level says therefore cultivate depart actualize the soon since Ali RA la assume lambda mean cessation and cultivate the path he's talking serotonin any MBE lambda t Bhanumati about the path that would lead to such pavel hombre Papa she Tim of the chaney decision so in the context of the Four Noble and pathology Eugenio Chaney any punch to the principal path that is being cultivated of a little bit hotter Syria but D so top ourself is a deep insight into the nature of ultimate elevate up to G the cache HDD similar she reality where there is a synergy between a us our chiffon DRT symptom you never trangle state of mind a comma binding and change we in academia any Sam Massa a deep insight into the nature of reality so was the true Messiah a sorta simcha seen there is a combination of truncal truncal ever in determination inna any assembly mental state and an insight however in career padding it in a terminology negligent order to cultivate that principle part and one Sharma's much Allah so that cement to must first establish the basis which is an maturity similar singing it's immature daily ability to retain one's focus of mind single Louisville it's le loup-garou attendee pointedly when a chosen object so here generally CRE the ruin body Cuchillo what therefore one needs to cultivate the Thomas windows on a serology incision concentration qualities of concentration and which caused returned namet la copa she in order to cultivate such qualities of wrote ordination be Hindu turn amico concentration one must ground once way of shaking low chicadini yonder cry sadee life in a sound morality and observe the deenus and achieve low Regina telling mo basic laws of morality and so therefore the Tom de cadena everyone tyrannical Buddha taught in actual practice of the path annuitant AJ McCarron mother Cheney he talked to what is he taught what are bottom dizzy hora de Lima Dasani Rangoon known as the three higher trainings higher animo Tom Deku Tree adi raangi shiver city trainings and morality high trainings in using too much of the gay bodies so the city concentration and higher training and shave a huge attend a any jhemini wisdom and so it is therefore by engaging in important ng City charity tennis chart ona the practices of these higher trainings one sharp una and sitting Shiva ten a m-- on day will be able to actualize the part cultivate the one Kiki sure a severe loss enemy low part and then actualize the cessation so module loaded Manish at all is what a toss then the question is why is such a cessation any any lambda Tama on on a condo any possible the one of the fundamental reason for this is as explained before the essential own motivation for thinking is honest, nature of mind is pure now although our sincere. When we investigate the reality, our mind is deluded but the pollutants of the mind should be calm. The basis of genuine mind are advantageous because our friendship is trust. Trust depend on essential nature of the mind is this mere openness. - He's a monk of the Yellow Hat luminosity and experience and at that level school of Tibetan Buddhism. He's currently the mind is pure and since all the pollutants the 14th Dalai Lama. In 1989, he received a of the mind that obscure and afflict our mind Nobel Peace Prize. He's the Dalai Lama, arise as a result of accidental or occasional and here's my take on his top 10 rules for conceptual and conceptual processes success. Rule number two is my personal including the afflictions one can see that by favorite, and I'm curious to see which one penetrating into the ultimate nature of reality you guys like the best. As always, as the and seeing through the deception of our Dalai Lama is speaking, if he says fundamental ignorance one can remove something that's really inspiring to you, these because if our essential nature of make sure to leave it in the comments mind itself is deluded then there is no real below and put quotes around it so other hope because so long as we possess mind people can be inspired as well. (upbeat we will possess a deluded mind and we can music) - The ultimate source of satisfaction never envision the possibility of a continuity within ourself. - If you do wrong things of mind that is free of these pollutants mainly harming other, you get negative however according to Buddhism the consequences. If you do helping other, essential nature of mind is pure and it's bring more happiness to other you get mere clear light and the pollutants that benefit. More inner strength there and more obscure mind really arises from these sort of confidence of purpose of life and conceptualization and afflictions and all of fulfillment about that purpose, then you which are grounded rooted in this always feel happy. If the rest of the people fundamental ignorance so therefore by really feel that me as a politician or further a removing this fundamental ignorance the bad politician, then I feel sad. (laughter) Or whole processes that give rise to these a cunning, liar politician then of course, no advantageous pollutions can be removed problem, no problem. Some say something and in this way one will be able to actualize good person, some say bad person, it the true cessation that one is aspiring for doesn't matter so long my own motivation and and therefore the fourth noble truth was for thinking is honest, sincere. That's the taught which is cultivate the path cultivate important. That's simple Buddhist monks. the true path then tantrayana I think one Actually, Buddha as he taught. Don't care special I think the unity or tantrayana what others saying. If one say too much practices a big distinction grows a level of praise, then at that time should think, Oh, I mind and energy and a subtle level of mind also have the critics. Then, one say a lot and energy make distinction then there's criticism, then you should think, Oh, some subtle mind usually you cross a level of people are praising me. So, it doesn't mind active the subtle mind remain castle in matter. Too much sort of paying much active inactive so try to Harada try to attention these things are silly. Ultimate subdue the grosser level of mind so that the source of happy life is our inner value. So subtle mind then become active so then the therefore, irrespective of a believer or subtle mind transformed into the wisdom nonbeliever, whether it be religion or not. understand Oceania. See, we should pay more attention about our inner world. Now scientist, according If you do wrong things mainly harming latest of scientific findings, it now sort of other, you get negative consequences. clear, even good health or healthy body, the Some say something good person, some healthy mind is very essential. More say bad person, it doesn't matter so long my peaceful mind brings healthy body because mind calm, peaceful, then our body element if we become compassionate person, then also then remain more balance. So that your life become meaningful. Because you brings healthy body. Too much stress, too yourself happy, calm, peaceful, your friend, much worry, disturb our body element. That including animals, also should get peace. creates certain sort of problems in what is So at the last day of our life you feel happy. body. So therefore, calm mind is very All my life, I'll spend peaceful, friendly. You essential. I think you should realize that really feel happy. Otherwise, at that anger may bring some kind of energy, short moment, even you're a billionaire, ghost moment, for a short period. But that energy money, nothing can be used. No matter, is actually blind energy. And anger really what good cause of a good body, a beautiful destroy your part of your brain which can body. All everything have to leave. So at judge right or wrong. So when we fully that time, I think genuine satisfaction can develop anger, we can't see the reality. So bring if your whole life spend more that energy, more bold, right? But that compassionate life, then you feel no regret. energy is blind energy. So in order to face So purposeful life is naturally happy life, the problem, our method should be, as I meaningful life. So in order to make mentioned earlier, realistic. In order to carry meaningful life, ultimately, realistic method, you must know the reality. warmheartedness is to give it. Then another When we look the reality, when we important factor is determination. And you investigate the reality, our mind should be should not think these development can calm. Otherwise we cannot see the thing take place within a few days or few years. objectively. So in order to use human We must understand. You see that these intelligence properly, our mind should be developments even may take eons. calm. So taking this line anger is firstly (laughter) So you see our determination, if destroy your inner peace. Secondly, destroy you consider as a Buddhist and one who your ability to investigate the reality. So you really practice the Buddha dharma, then think this way, then once you have clear right from the beginning, you must, you see, evidence, anger is no use, only destruction. make up your mind, doesn't matter even Affection, or compassionate attitude, may take millions of billions of billions of warmheartedness, is very, very important eons. It doesn't matter. After all, what is the for one's own well being, for one's own purpose of our life, the meaning of happiness. So don't consider practice of existence? Nothing. You realize something compassion is something religious matter, positive. Then, you see, even days and or practice of compassion is something month or eon, it is meaningful. If you really good for other, not necessarily to oneself. wasting a life, the purpose of a life, then That is totally mistake. So, since from even one day too long. So once you childhood, we already equipped this seed of determined, once you make up your mind, compassion, we learn from mother and some kind of firm determination, and clear ourself in order to become parent, the seed to objective way, then time is not important. already there. Now that seed, you must (speaking in foreign language) It is so long keep, nurture all our life. The biological space remain, so long sentient beings factor compassion is limited, biased, and suffering remain, I will remain in order to more dependent on other's attitude. Now serve. You see that sentence really gives that as a seed. Then using reasons, me some kind of understand, and also I evidence, that seed of compassion, can think inspiring. So the more impatience, and further develop unbiased compassion. Not as I mentioned before you , want something depend on other's attitude but rather other's the quickest or best or something, then I being itself. So that kind of compassion can can reserve all the Buddhist idea. (laughter) reach your enemy, or entire sense of being. The quickest, cheapest method, it is seldom So that compassion is infinite compassion, will be Buddhist. So you see that's, I think, unbiased compassion, real compassion. So wrong. So that I would like to share with you. So that's where I use it. I myself also Ancient time all this independent, self- recite this as a mantra, or as some sufficient, as in not dependent, your interest visualization or certain mandalas. But in my or your future not depend on other. Now daily practice, although my practice very completely changed. So even from this poor, very poor, but even then I admire the selfish viewpoint you have to take care main emphasis on this form and Bodhicitta, about others' well-being. You just think of and koruna. So that really I feel is your self, blind selfish, think for yourself, something practical. Then through this forget other, or worse thing, exploit other, practice you will get something practical cheating other, bullying other, ultimately you benefit. Visualization was big in the 80s. suffer. Through these mischievous way you Sometimes I think they cheating oneself may gain some temporary sort of benefit but almost like this like this is cheating oneself. - deep inside you feel uncomfortable. Then Deceiving oneself. - Deceiving oneself. So eventually, you truly become lonely person. therefore, I think, you see, we must receive Nobody loves you, nobody respect you. If practice step by step with patience, with you take care of other, as a human brother determination. Once you involve, are or sisters, sincerely, seriously, then dedicated, or determined to practice, then everybody become your friend. So when some improvement you can see. You see you have truly trusted friend there, if you year by year or decade by at least decade need something you can ask them. If you by decade, then you can see oh, at least becoming friendless or lonely person and some change, some improvement you can when you really facing some problems, see. Once you see that, that also gives you nobody you can share. So ultimately, we some kind of - [Together] New are social animal. So even other animal, no encouragement. - So, to change, not easy, law, no education, no religion, but you see, not easy. When we feel a sense of irritation, they have some kind of sort of feeling. Their during that moment if that person own individual survival depend on rest of concentrate fully on the breathing, nothing the community or herds so they work else, breathing, one, two, three, like five, 10, together. I am one of the individuals out of 15, 20. When you start bringing, mental seven billion human being. If human being, state irritated. But then after 20, 30, sort rest of human being happy, peaceful, I get breathing, your mental state will be little much more benefit. The rest of the world get different, little more calm. Since we are trouble. How can I escape from that? And dealing with emotions, so the best method with that feeling, when I meet people one to deal with that is through the so-called people or one person or 10 people, 100, mediation. Not for next life, not for Heaven, 1,000, 10,000, 100,000. I always consider but for day to day's well-being. - [Host] Do them as my brothers and sisters. That you believe that your time here on earth has brings me in mental level completely been a success? - Success? That also relaxed. If I feel I am something different relative. Some field I think some from them, then some nervousness, achievement there and some field, failure. something inside me may develop. So once So, difficult to say. I know all human life like your own way of thinking open, reach out that. Some part failure, some part achieve. then as a close friend that tremendous sort (laughter) It is wrong to pick up one thing, of benefit, peace of mind. Then others also then say, "Oh, very success." Is wrong. And feel no longer feel stranger. Another human pick up one thing, failure, that also wrong. brothers like that. So that I think, which Things are relative. We are social animal. really nowadays, we really need that. So We human beings, social animal. And through that way, awareness. Then from particularly, in modern time, the reality, children, I think youngsters, I think they economy, environment, and many things know just one child remain lonely may cry. heavily interdependent. That is reality. And play with other children, feel very Unlike I think past is sort of ancient time. happy. So that's the human nature. So sometimes we grown-ups, then we always yourself accountable, and I'm going to join calculate if I make friendship with that, how in the discussion as well. Thank you guys much I get some benefit. (laughter) Or make so much for watching, continue to believe in friendship then I can exploit or something. whatever your one word is and I'll see you Then, the genuine basis of friendship no soon. - The important isn't that different longer there, destroyed. Basis of genuine emotions are right, different emotion. This is friendship is trust. Trust depend on the ultimate enemy or the source of openness. So, through these things we can suffering and also that is a different change. And then, mental level, no matter emotion. Once it develop, it's in our mind what your physical level busy, but mental and immediately it destroy our peace of level always calm, restful, relaxed. Immense mind and eventually destroy our health and benefit for your health. So mental health, also to destroy our friendship with other body health, very close link. So the ultimate people. So all thee negative activities, such source of mental health is warm- as killing, bullying, cheating, all these heartedness. That's my belief, maybe negative actions come out of this different wrong. My friends have to research, more emotion so it is real enemy, it is the research work. When I was young I had destroyer of our peace, destroyer of our sort some different birds. So, one small parrot. of fortune and including our health so He met one city official. The feet of that therefore that's the enemy, real enemy. parrot. So therefore whenever that busy External enemy may be harmful to you but person approach to that parrot, the parrot next day be very helpful. But this is inner always showing some very excitement or enemy. Always an element as destructive. something like that. Then the official usually and more when enemy wherever you live, gives him nuts and then while the parrot is always there. External enemy we can put eating, the official's finger you see on the some difference on also you see, like as 59, head of the parrot go like that. Then the we ask it so we can ask it. But this enemy, parrot position special, friendly attitude. So I even when they in Tibet or they in Putala or developed some jealousy. (laughter) So I they in Damsala or they are here in the also want that kind of response from that event London. Wherever I go, this enemy parrot so I'm developing. (laughter) So there. Even I think some go to meditation. therefor you see you must show the model Some use the visualization of mandala. Still, of that friendly. (laughter) Poor animal you in the very center of the mandala that see do not know that. Anyway, anyway, I try enemy still there. So this is the point now. to develop that kind of a friendship, so a few We have to realize that. Sorry, this is the days, I tried to give some nuts. Then that real destroyer of our happiness, always parrot take the nuts then showing very there. How to do now? If there is I would negative attitude. (laughter) Then I lost my say, no possibility, just to work on that, to temper. (laughter) I used some thin stick to eliminate that, then I can better forget and I discipline, discipline the reaction. So after think I like more alcohol, sex, all these that, no hope make friendship. (laughter) - things much better. If there is possibility to Thank you guys so much for watching. I eliminate that, then I think now we must made this section because Saring Cholesto take this good opportunity. This is human I hope I pronounced that okay, asked me to. body, human brain, human good heart. So if there's a famous entrepreneur that you Combine these two things, try. It's to reduce want me to profile next, leave it down in the that and to eventually eliminate. So comments below and I'll see what I can do. therefore, they call it a Buddhist teaching. I'd also love to know which of the top 10 Our human body is precious, why? Because rules had the biggest impact on you and of human interests and the de-shaping or why, what change you're going to make in changing our mind, not only through our your life or business after watching this emotion but mainly our intellect cause of section. Leave it in the comments, hold intellectuals, reasoning. And there are two kinds of emotion. One emotion without any utilize that ability - In the most appropriate reason, just as a feel. Such as if they're way - Most appropriate way is serving other headed on these things of course we have people. Then, at the end, you feel no regret. some reasons why this person is very sort I done my best some useful sort of of angry on me and then through that kind meaningful life. Now end come, although of analyze, you develop. But in deep down, sorry, sad, but no regret. So mental level of the further goes, it's not what you see experience and sensory level of experience. reasons. So it's the easy motion without Mental level of experience are much more proper reasons devastate negative emotion serious. Obviously, we ourselves have and the other kind of emotion such as is experience. When our mental state happy, compassion, altruism a kind of emotion with calm, our physical pain can subdue. When reasons and a further investigate, you can mental state too much pain, too much prove there's something good, there's worry, the physical comfort cannot reduce, something necessary, something useful. So cannot subdue. - No, reduce. - The mental their kind of emotion is all the time of state sort of pain, so obviously mental state emotion but very much relative to that. Very is more serious. So therefore, now including much go well with reason or intelligence. So medical science, more and more now the combination intelligence and emotion, scientist in that field now realize mental that is the way to change, to change our state is very, very important for our health. inner world. So to that also I think the basic So, in meeting with scientists, our slogan fundamental second nature so long that How to Create Healthy Body, Healthy Mind. enemy there so long we are under that So, healthy mind very much related with enemy's control. No permanent happiness. healthy body. So healthy mind, you see, So once you develop some kind of desire to cannot produce by medicine or alcohol or overcome that enemy, now that is the. - drugs, no. More illusions there. So it has the That is the true realization of the aspiration mind. Also it can not produce buy injection. to seek freedom. (speaks in foreign Cannot buy from supermarket so therefore language) Which is technically called the healthy mind must develop within the renunciation in the Buddhist language. - So, mind from faith some extent, but no. The you see this practice the analyze our real change in mental level, certain emotional level and our inner world is the condition. Genuine conviction come only very important as the key practice. Then I through research investigation. think the best method to avoid fear or regret at the time of death is while we are alive, how to deal with the difficult people you see our time our energy must utilize meaningful from time to time in your life when you meet way. That's the most profound way of with them. Don't think that just because I'm meaning of usefulness. One's own survival, a monk and you live in nice monasteries even animals also this can do. But for you don't have your share of difficult people. service to other is something unique about I don't know what it is like, but sometimes human being and I think bondage where as a monk you attract difficult people. I'm mother and child or offspring. - The bond not saying you're difficult. ...because people between the mother and the offspring. - have got nowhere else to go, and, Bond even other animals also have. But that sometimes, a monk's kindness and kind of closeness feeling short period. But compassion means that you accept we, human being, because of intelligence, everybody. But first of all, how you deal with that kind of feeling we can prolong whole all difficult people, to know that difficult people our life. - Yeah, extend it through our life. - are par for the course. When we understand So, serving other people, helping other that, we understand it's not unusual to have people is I think very, very appropriate sort difficult people. No matter what you do, of action according our intelligence or where you go, and how you behave, you're human ability. We have such ability so to always going to meet them. So first of all, there's nothing wrong with having difficult only a few seconds. But these mosquitoes, people. In fact, we can look upon difficult that was just an exploratory drill. They took people...as my teacher Ajahn Chah says, as their nose out, walked a few steps, and tried great blessings to our life. They teach us somewhere else. They were fussy. You patience. They teach us compassion. They have three or four bites just from one actually lead to so much wisdom. Really, mosquito! They were taking advantage of you don't learn so much from the nice guys my kindness. [chuckles] That's just the and the nice girls of life, do you? You have nature of mosquitoes. It doesn't matter. I a good time with them, but where you really have plenty of blood, and I learned a lot learn your lessons is with the difficult ones, from that. Number one, first of all, know that which is why I learn from my teacher in the difficult people and difficult beings and Thailand, Ajahn Chah. Ajahn means difficult situations in life, that's common. "teacher." He said that anything which is There's nothing wrong. You never find any irritating you, anything which is troubling place where you can run away and hide and you, that is your teacher. Being in Northeast escape from difficult people or difficult Thailand, we'd always call the mosquitoes mosquitoes or difficult experiences. So "Ajahn mosquito"... ...because I learned so number one, you have to accept that, and much from those damn mosquitoes. you have to learn how to deal with them. [laughs] That's what I thought at the time, One is learn that they're part of life and you those mosquitoes. Because even when we can learn so much from them. Number two just do loving kindness. For those of you is to realise that most of the difficulty of who are Buddhists, you know that we difficult people is actually coming from you, spread love and kindness to all people, all the way we react to them. Someone once beings, all genders, no matter what you are said, "If ever you see a difficult person, or who you are. May all beings be happy remember, you only have to endure them and well. However, as a young man being a for maybe a few minutes, a few hours at monk in Thailand, I just could not do that. most." Even if you live with them, it's your It's impossible. I did the best I can. I used to husband or your wife, I don't know why you chant, "May all beings be happy and well, chose that person anyway. That's your except mosquitoes." "May all beings be free karma. But anyway once you chose them.... from suffering, but not those mosquitoes. Even if they're that close to you, you only They don't deserve, what they've done to have to live with them for a short period of me." [laughs] I'm sure that if ever you time, but they have to live with themselves spread loving kindness, you've also got all day. Sometimes when you think how exceptions. [laughs] But it didn't work well irritating they are for you, they'll be equally when I had exceptions, so I learned how to irritating towards themselves. Those poor learn from those mosquitoes to be kind to people have to live with that mind 24 hours them. Sometimes, I was so kind to those a day. It's a wonderful reflection when you mosquitoes I let them bite me. They would see difficult people. You know if they're that land on my hand. I said, "Come on, difficult for you to live with, they're also mosquito, you can bite me. The door of my difficult to live with themselves. That gives heart is open to you. It's only a little bit of you so much compassion. It takes away the blood. I know that you need this to have hurt which you feel, and you notice the hurt your dinner. And I like my dinner as well, that they feel, that they're so difficult to you. especially as a monk. I know this is your It's actually empathizing with the other dinner, so have something to eat. Do you person, taking the pain away from yourself, know what those mosquitoes did? "Why do I have to deal with this person?" Sometimes difficult people and difficult Get an idea of what they are going through beings are like this. They take advantage of in their head, in their mind, in their life. you. They put their nose into the skin, and Some of these people, if they're that difficult it's irritating. So you just endure that. It's to you and you're an ordinary person they've probably got no friends, no one they there was a devout Christian who was head can really relate to, because they're just of one of the wards...departmental head. He such an incredibly difficult character to live invited me to his ward to do some Buddhist with. They're so lonely. That actually chanting. But he told me actually not to tell arouses a bit of compassion to such people. anybody. Now I've blown it. I said, "Why do When you have compassion to such people, you say that?" He said, "Because what you your endurance levels go up enormously. said just makes so much sense." He said, "I You can actually bear dealing with such really respect that wisdom." He said, "What difficult people because you know they're I respect most of all is you're telling us not going to be around for long. They're something which we've only recently been going to walk out of your office, or you're practicing. Where we don't focus on the going to go home to somebody else. If you times of the day where our patients are sick can't escape from it, you can always come and difficult, the times when they on a retreat in my monastery or in experience delusions or psychosis, and are Dhammasara monastery. There's always dysfunctional. We just put that aside. The some place you can get away. That's one times that they are apparently healthy, thing you can do, but it's also to know that where they're relating to themselves and the difficult people in life, you can actually their environment in a sensible way." change them. It's a wonderful thing to know Because when a person has a mental that difficulties which you face in life or dysfunction, it's not 24 hours a day. They difficulties which they experience, they are have periods, times when they're sort of in impermanent! They're not always there. It's some sort of delusional state and times just a phase which people go through in when they come out afterwards. He said, their life, being difficult. Of course, that "They were focusing on the times when they phase may last from birth until death, but it weren't delusional," and he said, "By ends eventually. It's not forever, but it's nice focusing on the times when they were to know you can actually change people. healthy." He said, "A healing was You can actually see them grow. How you happening." The times when they were change people is a wonderful psychology healthy were extending and the times when which I've learned as a teacher, how you they were dysfunctional were decreasing. can interact with people and take the cause I'd been teaching that for years. It's of them being difficult to themselves and wonderful to see that has got in to a modern others and actually just move that, nudge health system, in the only sort of mental that, in a sense of learning to be more kind, hospital which they have in that city state. I more sensitive, less demanding, and less of know that's the same with difficult people. If a pain to live with. It's wonderful. You can you focus on their difficulties and make a do that. How is that done? I was mentioning big deal about that, you're actually in a talk this afternoon at Curtin University. I encouraging those difficulties. You're mentioned it a couple of weeks ago. This feeding them and eventually they'll get was a powerful little experience which I had worse and worse and worse. There's a about a month ago, maybe even longer, six classic story, and I've used this so many weeks ago, in Singapore. I was invited to times. If you haven't heard this before, it's a give a talk at a conference at the Institute of very good one to hear. If you have heard it Mental Health. It was one big anniversary of before, you're learning how to be patient their hospital. They invited me over with all with a difficult monk who keeps on repeating these other psychologists, psychiatrists, the stories. Either way, it works. It's a great doctors and professors, as a monk, to give story of the demon who came into the a talk on how to deal with mental health. emperor's palace. Demon coming into an What I was talking about there was the emperor's palace, and emperor was away. things which you heard here before. What I Because he was away there was a monster, was really impressed with was afterwards a big, ugly terrifying demon came and strolled right into the palace! He was so business conference this afternoon. But frightening, so terrifying! Everybody froze in anyway, the emperor said, "Welcome. Oh horror at this ugly, disgusting, slimy demon, monster, thank you so much for coming to allowing the demon to go right through, into visit me. Why have you waited such a long the heart of the palace and sit on the time to come and pay me a call?' At those emperor's throne. As soon as he sat on the few kind words, the monster grew an inch emperor's throne, that was just too much for smaller, less ugly, less smelly, less the guards and the ministers. They came to offensive. All the people in the palace their senses. They said, "Get out of here! realized their mistake. Instead of saying, Who do you think you are? This is our "Get out of here, you don't belong! What are emperor's seat, not yours!! Get out, or else!" you doing here? You don't belong in here!" At those harsh words, the demon grew an they started to say, "Welcome." One of inch bigger, more ugly, more smelly and the them said, "Actually, do you want something language got far worse.. That made the to drink? We've got some orange juice, soldiers and ministers even more upset. freshly squozen." Squeezed...squozen? I They got out their swords. They got out don't know, who cares? "Would you like clubs. They clenched their fists. But at every something to eat? We've got some nice unkind word, every angry deed, even every curry puffs." Are they available this unkind thought, the monster just grew an evening? I don't know, I didn't see what's inch bigger, more ugly, more terrifying, more out there. "They got some curry puffs. smelly, and the language from the monster We've got some sandwiches." Someone got worse and worse and worse. This had said, "Would you like a pizza? I can ring up. been going on for quite some time before Monster size of course for someone like the emperor came back. At this time that you." Someone gave the monster a foot demon was so huge he took up half the massage. Have you ever had a foot throne room. He was massive, and talk massage? Imagine a monster, with such big about ugly and frightening. I've never seen feet. It took about 10 of them to give each "Alien," the movie, but people said the alien foot a massage. Someone else, "Do you is pretty terrifying. Imagine the alien, want a cup of tea? We have English tea. multiplied by a thousand! This was so We have peppermint. It's good for your terrifying, not even DreamWorks could health. Or a cup of coffee? Latte, manufacture such a terrifying, horrible cappuccino, or Brazilian?" I don't really spectacle as this ugly demon. According to know what I'm talking about with coffee. I the story, the smell, the stench coming off just drink whatever I'm given. So anyway, at this demon's body would make maggots every kind word or kind deed or kind throw up. It takes a lot to make a maggot thought the demon grew an inch smaller, sick. And the language coming from this less ugly, less offensive, less smelly. It demon was worse! Was worse than you'd wasn't such a long time even before the hear in Northbridge after both the Eagles monster's pizza arrived he was back down and the Dockers lose. So this was a to the size when he first began, when he problem, a real difficult being coming into first came in. They kept laying on the the palace. But when the emperor came kindness until that demon got so tiny one back...the reason he was emperor was he'd more act of kindness and that demon been to Nollamara, heard the talks and was vanished completely away. The Buddha told wise. I always change these stories every that story in the Udana, but there was no time. Embellish them this way and that way, mention of pizzas and peppermint tea. I so you can always hear a new angle. The made that up. Buddha told that story in emperor had also read "Opening the Door Udana. He said, "We call those things of Your Heart," which is available at the anger-eating demons. When you give them book shop for $25 I've also learned anger, they get bigger, less ugly, less marketing. I was at an entrepreneurship offensive, less smelly, their language gets worse." He said, "The only way we can which happened a week before. One of the overcome the anger-eating demons in life is prisoners in Karnet, he hardly ever had a with kindness. Welcome. Thank you for visit from his family because it's such a hard visiting for me." Many difficult people you place to get to. There's no public transport meet in life are anger-eating demons! You and if you're poor and haven't got a car you give them anger, you say, "Get out of here, have to find a friend who can actually take you don't belong in here," it actually does you all that way. It's a difficult place to get get worse. So instead of saying, "Get out of to. He said this man's wife had managed to here, you don't belong," some of the difficult get a lift to come and see him, but before people you say, "Welcome. Thank you for you can go and see your relations in prison coming to bother me." [laughs] You don't you have to check in, say your name, go actually say that. You say, "Thank you for through all the security stuff. The chief coming to visit me," and give them officer had seen this woman checking in kindness. Now sometimes people say, and knew that she had come to see this "Well, that doesn't work. It might be okay for prisoner and decided to be cruel to the you as a monk. Maybe Ajahn Brahm's got prisoner. On the PA system he said so-and- psychic powers, he can actually get into so, I've got a job for you on the other side of their head and their mind and rearrange Karnet Prison Farm and sent him to a place their neural pathways so they're not difficult where the PA system didn't reach. It's a with you." But no, it does work. The first huge prison farm. He did it on purpose time, over 20 years ago, when I told this because as soon as his wife had checked in story it was when I was teaching in prison, the PA system announced prisoner so-and- in Karnet Prison Farm, just down the road so, your wife is here, please go to the from my monastery. We still go there most visitor's area, but he couldn't hear it from Fridays. When I was teaching that at Karnet where he'd been sent. The message was Prison Farm one of the prisoners repeated two or three times. There was a complained and he said, "That is just new search to try and find him. They did find age rubbish. It doesn't work in the real him. By the time they found him and he world, especially in a prison. Prisons are came back visiting hours are over. Better tough places. If you've got a difficult person luck next time. He said, "The chief officer you've got to stand up for yourself. That's did this on purpose with no reason other the only language they understand." Of than spite and trying to give the prisoners a course, I wasn't having any of that. I said, "I harder time than they deserved. That's why, don't believe you." He said, "You don't live in that time in prison, he was called a dog." I in prison." I said, "Monastery we have cells, said, "You hate him?" He said, "Yes. Really we have wall around." Actually, they don't big time. He's so difficult. He never respects have a wall around Karnet but we have a us, never says anything to us. He always wall around our monastery. Sometimes puts us down and treats us like dirt." I said, people, in the early years, they'd actually "Great. This is a challenge. You meet him drive all the way to Karnet Prison Farm and every day serving tea and coffee. Be kind to ask where are the monks. It was very him. Don't embrace him with your arms, embarrassing. Luckily, there weren't any you'll get in trouble that way, but at least monks in it. But anyway, I challenged this you can embrace him with your heart." I guy, I said, "Okay, in this prison, who is the said, "How you can do that is every time most difficult person you have to deal with?" you serve a cup of tea or coffee try and put The prisoner I challenged was with a some love and care into that tea or coffee. number of other prisoners. He said, "The Try and make it the most beautiful, delicious chief officer. The chief officer, my job is to cup of coffee you possibly can make. Find serve him tea and coffee every day. That's out what he likes and be kind. Get lots of my job in prison. I hate that guy. He's love and compassion whenever you serve always really nasty." He told me a story him tea and coffee." So all credit to this prisoner, he tried it, for a week. When I friends. Sometimes it's a challenge which is came back after one week, "How is it worth facing in life. You have people in the going?" He said, "It's a complete waste of office. Give them kindness. But when they time. I'm really trying hard to be kind to this give unkindness back to you and difficulty to guy but every time, even if I put lots of effort you, know your limitations. If you have to into making a nice cup of tea and coffee, he run away, fine. If you have to, talk to them completely ignores me as if I don't exist, as and point out what it feels like. What I talked if I'm lower than a cockroach. He even says about this afternoon in the conference is to the cockroach get out of here, but not also what I talked about here, the old me." So I told him, "Carry on." It was about, sandwich technique. If you do have to tell a I'm not sure how long, maybe a couple of person "you're being difficult to me, I've got months, I had to encourage him and force my own space that I need to protect, him to do this, before we got what I call the whatever", you don't go blurting out the big breakthrough. One day I actually came negative stuff straight away. That will never to visit and he couldn't wait to tell me this. work. Whenever you are talking to someone He said, he'd made this prison officer a and want to bring up a difficult problem, in beautiful cup of coffee with cream or other words to criticize them, to tell them whatever he found, just the type he thought they're making a problem for you, sandwich the prison officer liked, and managed to find technique. Two or three pieces of praise him some biscuits which he noticed the first of all. "You're a really nice person, just prison officer liked, and he said, "Here you the way you work, you're so diligent, you're are sir, have this coffee, and I've found so well dressed or whatever! Something some special biscuits which I know you which praises them, and then you tell them. like," and the prison officer said, "Er." He Say you want to criticize me. You say, grunted. That was our breakthrough. It was "Ajahn Brahm, you're such a nice monk, the first time he acknowledged that this coming all the time, giving these talks, and prisoner actually lived and existed and they're very inspiring." When you say things breathed. That grunt, I said, "Wow, this is like that I open up to you. You lighten me. exciting!" That is the crack in the dam wall. I I'm listening to you. Then you say, "But your was right. It was only about two or three jokes are sometimes a bit over the top weeks later the prisoner managed to find a [laughter], but I know that you do look after special cup of tea, a sandwich or whatever, the monasteries and look after the Buddhist handed it to this prison officer, the chief society." You praise afterwards. If you officer, who was a dog, and the chief officer actually sandwich your criticism between turned around and said, "Thank you." All the heaps and heaps of praise, people actually other prisoners were telling me this and they listen to it. So if you are dealing with a were all looking at me and they said, "You difficult person and you really need to tell don't realize just how the prison grapevine them, they really need to listen to you to works. That has gone to every prison in the know exactly what they're doing and the state." That this chief officer could say thank problems they're causing, please praise you to a prisoner was unbelievable. I won them first of all. Get on their right side. Then the challenge. I knew I'd win eventually. they know they're not being attacked. Push Even such a dog you can change into a this back at you. Isn't that what you need cuddly little puppy with lots and lots and lots when you're being told off because you are of kindness. You can turn difficult people difficult people, as well? Sometimes aren't around, but it just takes a lot and lot of you? It's always somebody else. Sometimes patience, a lot of kindness. Some of you will we create difficulties for others. If I was not be able to do that. It's too much for you. going to tell you off, this is how I would do it. You have to know your limitations. But it I'd praise you, first of all, butter you up, does work if you really push at it. The most make you know that I appreciate and value difficult people can become the best of your and care for you. If you just give criticism straight away what we feel is that person, so much so that we really should deal with why are they my enemy? Why are they just that problem, whether at home, or at work, saying this to me? Don't they realize how to learn how to de-stress, and to be able to hard I work and the difficulties and problems de-stress a little bit of meditation really I have to face? When you get criticism works. You know the old story, how heavy is straight away you just get defensive, you a cup? The longer I hold it, the heavier it justify yourself, and you don't listen to the feels, if I keep holding this for five minutes, other person. You don't take it on-board. By my arm aches, 10 minutes, I'm in great getting that acceptance, the very fact that pain. If I keep holding this for half an hour, you're accepted, you're appreciated, you're I'm a very stupid monk. What should I do valued means you're opening up. Then you when it starts to get heavy? Put it down for put the criticism in and you butter over five minutes. If you don't believe me, you afterwards. I really like you, you're really can try this out at home. [laughs] It works, valued, thank you for being who you are. after five minutes you pick it up again, it's Then people actually can listen. A lot of much lighter. It feels lighter. It's exactly the times people don't realize they're being same weight, it feels lighter because you difficult to you. It's weird, but they think have rested. Your stress is nothing to do they're being a friend. They think they're with how much work you have. The amount being them or they're being funny or they're of responsibilities and duties you have, that being whatever. Sometimes we do need is not the cause of stress. The cause of feedback to know exactly what we're doing stress is when it gets too heavy to bear, you and how we come across. I remember don't know how to put it down. You're afraid playing this game once with one of my of putting it down for a few minutes, to rest, fellow monks about 32 years ago. We sat to get your energies and strength back up, down and we wrote what we thought of and you will find, as any psychologist or each other and then we passed it to each monk will tell you...actually, we teach the other. It was amazing for me to listen to psychologists, that's where they got all their what another person thought of me. It ideas from. We should patent them, but we wasn't what I thought he thought of me and give things out for free. This is the work you what I thought of him wasn't what he have. You find if you put it down for 5 or 10 thought I thought of him, completely minutes, it's not 5 or 10 minutes wasted! It's different. The way that we relate to each actually an investment of time. Because other is not actually the way that we are when you're rested, afterwards, the quality thought of. So sometimes they don't realize of your work improves enormously. You get they're being difficult, so they do need some more done in less time too. You become feedback. That has to be done on the more efficient, and sometimes at work we sandwich technique, at the right time and mistake the quantity of work for its quality place, and then people will take it aboard, and efficiency. Giving yourself a break, 10 and they can change, and how do they minutes of meditation, rest, or whatever, change? Make sure they're not put in the and I recommend the toilet is a great place situations where that difficulty arises from in to meditate. You can put on, "engaged" the beginning. One of the reasons why there, no one will bother you, and you can people are difficult, why sometimes you are always say you were constipated. You're difficult, is because people are too stressed not lying, because your brain was out. When you're stressed out at work, you constipated. Then rest for a few minutes. take it back home, give people a hard time When you come out afterwards, you make at home, and then because you have a hard up that 10 minutes you spent in the loo very time at home, you have family problems, quickly. So you get more work done, more when you go back to work, you're stressed efficiency, higher quality, and you're not out at work even before you begin your day. stressed out, so when you go home, you You are in the cycle of negativity and stress, can enjoy the company of your relations, your kids, and your wife, your husband, and and kind, it's actually knowing the causes of even actually relax and enjoy your dinner. being difficult, and dealing with them by Because when you enjoy the company of giving yourself a bit of rest, being de- home...again, home is supposed to be a stressed. One the other things about being place where you de-stress, you can relax, a difficult person...You know what it's like have a good dinner, and meet the people sometimes, just so much stuff comes on top you love and care for. When you have a of you, so many things to do. I've had an nice rest in the evening, you go back to incredibly busy week, but when I have a work in the morning, then you're sort of busy week, I try really hard never to get calm. It's a cycle which you can either have negative. Sometimes I go, "Oh, why me? a vicious cycle of stress and argument at Why do I have to deal with all these crazy home, or stress at work, and you get really people? Why do I have to take all these crazy, or you can break that cycle, rest a calls?" Sometimes from overseas, people little bit at work. You get more done, you ring up, they're crazy. It's what I've called come home, you relax, everything is going here, "Dial-up a monk service." Sometimes, well at home so you...happy at work as well. even people have lost their dog, over in You get more done there. That's a cycle sort-of Canada somewhere, and they say where you don't become a difficult person to "Can you do some chanting for me over the live with. That's why I say to people when phone?" I was saying that I was in Japan they come on meditation retreats, they're three or four weeks ago, and Japan is such doing meditation here on a Saturday a high tech country, and if we ever...I should afternoon, or beforehand, "Why do you maybe do a fundraiser soon to buy a robot meditate?" Because other people have to monk... ...like a cyborg, it can look like me put up with you. That's one of the great or any other monk, we'll put a robe on it, so reasons to meditate, and if you meditate, if they want any chanting, you can just put a you're a much nicer person afterwards. donation in a little slot here, press a button, Many times when I've been teaching and we can give you the blessing services... meditation, especially down at Armadale, I ...or even on a Friday night if I'm not feeling don't know why this happens always in myself, and just want a bit of a rest, I can Armadale group. In Armadale group, put my cyborg up here, you put one of the sometimes after the meditation, talking to old CDs of favorite talk, press a button, and people afterwards, and very often people no one will know the difference. This say, "You know, this evening, I never goes...an idea, it's got some potential. But I wanted to come." "It's Tuesday evening, I've would never do that, because of, "Why do I been at work, and I'm tired, and I told my have to work so hard?" Because when you kids I'm not going this evening, and my get sort of negative, you do become a daughter said, 'Mommy, you must go to difficult person to live with, so I know that meditation.' I said, 'I don't feel like it darling, whatever you have to do in life, you I'm tired.' 'Mommy, you must go to embrace it, have fun with it. If you teach a meditation!' 'No, not this evening.' 'Mommy, person to have fun with the difficulties of life, go to meditation!!' 'Why darling?' 'Because to embrace them, then you'll find that you you're a much nicer mommy when you never get a difficult character. Seeing a come back.'" So they go. Many of the kids person who is a difficult person to live with, actually understand that. They can see the it is because they're fighting their life. change in you when you de-stress, so They're angry at just what life gives them, you're not such a difficult mother or a and they're probably working too hard, "Why difficult father to your own kids. This is do I have to do all of this? Why does all actually how you can see in practice, a little these things happened to me? Why is this bit of rest makes people less difficult people life so tough for me?" and they take it out on to live with. You see, in the course of these you, and all the other people they live with. things, so it's not just being compassionate Hope I never take it out on the monks which I live with. Instead, you just embrace it, take sayings, "When you ever make a stupid it on board, it's just life. You can't change mistake, and people laugh, you laugh as life, but as I said many times, you can well, because then the world never laughs always change the attitude you have to life. at you, it only laughs with you." So we laugh It's an attitude problem we have, that's all. as well at the stupidity of life and making a What's wrong with working hard? You can mistake, and that way we embrace and only do one thing at a time, that's all I ever accept things, even the difficult things, and do. That's why we never get angry at people we don't become a difficult person. No not turning off their mobile phones, we matter what you have to deal with, you can embrace that. Thank you so much for giving embrace and make it work, so if you learn me an opportunity to explain just how you that, then you're not one of the difficult can embrace the difficulties of life. Look, I people in life. It's always other people who had a choice, I could get angry at someone are difficult. No matter who those other not turning off their mobile phone, but why people are. They're us, so when we learn get angry for? It's already been turned on, how not to be difficult, we can maybe give big deal, so you don't get angry at life, you those skills to other people, but not be so just embrace it. People make mistakes. I demanding of life by having an attitude make mistakes. I made a big mistake, I which is more accepting of life. When it's a hope she's not here . Last Sunday I was problem, we know how to deal with it with doing a marriage service for one of the the...what's it called? The sandwich method. people who comes here regularly, and she's That way, the other people and yourself can married to a nice young boy. You always actually live peacefully together. But I've have to get married to a boy, I suppose, if already mentioned in passing, the most you're a girl. I don't know why I said that, but difficult person in your whole life is not the anyway she was getting married... ...and boss from hell. The most difficult person is after the service, doing the blessing service, not, sort-of, the person you married, or your and I said to him... That's right, this elderly mother-in-law. Somebody actually told me, man came to stand next to him, and I said, "You know, mother in law is an anagram. "Oh, is that your father?" And the old man You can actually change the letters of said, "No, I'm the best man." He was not mother-in-law, and it comes out, 'Hitler very happy at me. Or, like I was telling a woman.'" I might get in trouble for that one. funeral director on...When was it? On But it's true, work it out. Write out "mother- Wednesday, or Tuesday...Thursday, in-law," and you can see it. But many Thursday, yesterday. I was telling the mothers-in-law are not Hitler women, they're funeral director about one of the funerals I very nice people. But, where there is a did once for a couple who comes here. One difficult person in your life, sometimes that of their parents died. I'm doing the funeral can be you, and actually they're not the service and saying, "Oh, it's such a shame most difficult person in life. The most difficult that your mother passed away, she was person in life is yourself, isn't it? The one such a good Buddhist, and she'd done so you have the hardest time living with at much." Then this old lady stood up at the peace, and embracing, and being kind to, is back and said, "It's not me, it's my husband. you. It's important to recognize that. I'm alive! It's he who's dead." I do stupid Learning to live with difficult people, first of things many times. But when you make a all you have to learn how to live with a stupid thing, instead of getting tense about it difficult you, and what's the difficulty with and being a difficult person, you laugh at you? Anyway, who do you want to be? Of life. I actually try and collect all my stupid course, if you want to be something other mistakes, and try and tell you all about than you are, if you want to be the great them... ...so that you laugh. When you make meditator who can fly through the air on a a mistake, it's like a wonderful opportunity to Friday evening, you've never seen that make people laugh. That's why one of the before, that would make it interesting. If you always want to give the best talks, or if you lonely." When they asked me that question always want to be the wisest and skillful the first time I thought, "Why not?" and I comedian, and get everyone always to realized actually that there's always laugh at your jokes...Actually, one of my somebody around - me. Because I'm a favorite comedians, he once said..he wrote friend of myself, because I like me, I'm his autobiography, and he said when he always with my best friend. At nighttime, in was young he always wanted to be a my cave, where I live at Serpentine, I comedian. He said, "His friends would laugh always go to sleep with my best friend, me, at him for wanting to be a comedian." Now and because I'm at peace with myself, and he's a comedian, they don't laugh anymore. accept myself, understanding I'm not What was the other...one of his other perfect, but I'm good enough, then I'm never favorite jokes was, he said, "When I die..." lonely. Lonely people are people who don't He was contemplating on death, which is a like themselves, people who are afraid of Buddhist thing to do, so this is almost a themselves, so when no one else is around, Buddhist joke. He said, "When I die, I want you're with this strange and terrifying being to die in my sleep just like my father. He called "me," which you haven't really made died in his sleep. Not like the passengers in peace with yet, haven't really understood the bus he was driving at the time, yet. Once you understand who you are, you screaming and shouting." That was a nice accept yourself with some kindness, you joke. Anyhow, where was I going with this become at peace with yourself. Actually, story? Being kind to yourself, and accepting you like yourself, you find one of the yourself, is actually learning not to be your greatest insights you could ever have is, own enemy. Not to be a difficult person to "I'm OK insight" - to realize there's yourself. You know, I have got my absolutely nothing wrong with you, as you idiosyncrasies, and they've all been on are, you are perfect. You don't believe that, display for the last 20 years in this place. which is why you keep trying to change You know who I am, but you accept yourself yourself. When you make peace with as you are. You relax, you allow yourself to yourself, and accept yourself for who you make mistakes, you allow yourself to be are, then you're a friend to yourself, you who you are. You have this beautiful sense never feel lonely, because you're there all of embracing yourself with all of your the time. Only people who don't like idiosyncrasies. In other words, you become themselves feel lonely. They are the biggest at peace with yourself. That's actually what problem. They are the difficulty. Something many people do when they come to a place strange happens, once you actually solve like this. They learn how to accept that difficulty, "you," and make peace with themselves as they are, to be at peace with yourselves, and at ease with yourself, no themselves, and not being the most difficult one else in the world would ever be difficult person in the world to live with. Strange for you. There won't be difficult people thing, but as a monk, I spend many, many anymore, because the difficulty of other hours by myself. Sometimes people ask that people is just a projection from yourself. It's "As a monk, you never had a wife, haven't why I've noticed, when people criticize got kids, aren't you ever lonely? Sometimes others, "He talks too much." I notice the on retreat, you never speak to a person for person doing the criticism also talks too two weeks. Did a six-month retreat once, much. I've seen people say, "You eat too never spoke to a person, or saw anyone for much." It's only fat people say others eat too six months, weren't you lonely?" I have to much. It's amazing how people criticize answer them when they ask that question, because it's something in their character "Actually, I'm never lonely. I never feel they don't like about themselves, which they wanting to have to be with people, but I like project onto other people. I notice that, and people, but I don't have to be with people, think it's a common psychological trait. So so even in times of solitude I never feel the only reason you find other people difficult is because you find yourself difficult. other people think as difficult. Because you If you can actually heal the problem, coming can calm them down, accept them to peace with yourself, being at ease with peacefully, they don't need to express that yourself, accepting yourself, then you can difficulty anymore in those dysfunctional find you can accept just about every other ways. It is exactly the same as in the being. Of course, as a monk, I've come to hospital you are focusing on the beautiful peace with myself a long time ago. I have parts of them, the beautiful parts of them these crazy people come and talk to me, grow. How we can deal with difficult people stupid people come and talk to me, wise in life, not just difficult people but difficulty in people, beautiful people, they're all beautiful ourselves, and the difficult situations in life people, they're just who they are, so I which occur again and again and again in respect people, and of course I've been in life. Your flight gets canceled because these jails, and saw these real crooks in the Bangkok airport is closed. Wonderful! You jails. I've been talking to politicians and can spend more time in Perth. Those seen the crooks on the outside as well. people in Bangkok? Great place to see, get Sorry, they're not real crooks, they're just two extra days of holiday and your boss people, they're trying to do their best, but can't actually blame you. Why do we make sometimes they've got their defilements as life difficult instead of exploiting life? When well. So when you start to see people for life doesn't go the way we want it, great! who they are, and you can accept them and Wonderful! And even when people criticize be with them as they are, then there's no you unfairly, what a wonderful experience such thing as a difficult person anymore. I that is, to be criticized and test yourself out. remember this one lady, no other monk Don't know when was the last time I told this would be able to talk with her, and she story about a donkey who fell in the well. would come on the telephone...I think Once upon a time... ...there was a donkey, knows who I'm talking about, and she would just walking happily along in the forest, just swear, F-words, bloody words, "Bloody munching and minding its own business. monks, I'm going to come up there with an Because it wasn't mindful, he fell into a well, M-16 and shoot you all." I said, "OK, that's a the well was dry so it didn't drown, and he nice thing to do." I understood her. No, didn't really injure himself, just a few bruises she's a really difficult person, but because I and scratches. When the donkey came to never reacted back, because I always react his senses he realized he was at the bottom in kindness, she always loved me and said, of a well and there's no way up because "You're the only person who understands donkeys can't climb. The only thing the me," and of course she never came to the donkey thought he could do was to cry for monastery with an M-16 to shoot us all. She help to get someone's attention otherwise was just taking out her venom on someone he would die down there of starvation. So who would listen and not take it seriously. I he started crying for help. [makes donkey could understand where she was coming sound] I can't really do donkey noises, as I from, the pain of her life, the difficulties of think now you have understood because her life and embracing her for who she was. probably I've got no previous incarnations Then she'd calm down, become very as a donkey. Those people who imitate peaceful and tell me all about her life, a very animal noises, it must be that in your last life painful difficult life. She was not a problem. you were an animal. As for me, I wasn't a She was not a difficulty. As I understood donkey in my last life so [makes donkey myself, I could understand her. You can sound] is the best I can do. " [makes donkey actually calm down the so called difficult sound] ," said the donkey again and again. people in this world when you have learned After a couple of hours actually somebody how to calm down yourself. Then everybody heard him. It was the local farmer. "What's in the world is not difficult anymore. It's not making that noise?" He came over and saw as if they continue those bad habits which it was coming from the well. He looked down, "my goodness, a donkey has fallen but because he had to show the farmer the down that well." Now that farmer never liked law of karma. He was just an agent of cause that donkey. The donkey was always eating and effect. He ran away. That's how the his farm produce and was being very donkey escaped from the well. The moral of stubborn. He'd never do what the farmer that story is, and I've told that to politicians. I wanted. He also realized that well was a even, actually, told that to the president of very dangerous thing. Somebody might fall Sri Lanka a couple of years ago, all you Sri in that well, a human. He thought of a Lankans here, he loved that story, because, wonderful idea. He could get rid of that being a politician, people are always dangerous well and the donkey at the same throwing dirt on you. Shrug it off, stamp it in, time. He got out a spade and started filling and you get higher moral ground. It's the that well with earth. The cruel farmer. Now, same with you. People criticize you. Your if you do something like that it's called "bad husband calls you ugly. You called him karma." If you do any bad karma you're stupid, whatever it is. Just shrug it off, going to get unpleasant consequences, as stamp it in, and you'll get closer to the top of you will see as this story develops. So this the well. That's how to deal with difficult donkey at the bottom of the well, thinking at people. People called me lazy because I first the farmer would help him, realized the haven't got a proper job. I say, "Well, in this farmer's trying to kill him by shoveling all time of economic difficulty, I'm freeing the this dirt over the donkey. When the donkey labor market up for you people to get jobs realized that, [makes donkey sound] even rather than take it myself." People are louder. But that didn't stop the farmer. He saying, "Oh, you're scared of relationships, just kept shoveling more dirt over this because you don't have children." I'll say, donkey, more and more dirt, trying to fill in "I'm making the planet more carbon neutral the well and bury the donkey alive. After a because if you have kids, how much of a while the donkey went quiet and never said carbon footprint do you get with kids? Being anything. The farmer thought, "I've killed celibate, I'm doing my bit for him." "I've buried him. Good riddance," and overpopulation." So whatever it is, when kept on shoveling. But the donkey hadn't people criticize you, you can always turn it died. The donkey, who must have also gone around, shake it off, and you don't need to to Nollamara in the previous life... ...had think that they're making life difficult for you. insight. He was a very smart donkey. Never You only make life difficult for yourself. No underestimate donkeys. His insight was one else does. There is no such thing as a this. Instead of complaining when people difficult person, basically, except yourself. throw dirt all over you, instead of You get yourself right, make peace with complaining, just shake it off, tread it in, and yourself, and you'll find that everything in life he found he was growing a centimeter taller. will then also be at peace. All the difficult The next shovel full of earth, shake it off, people will just be people that's all, human stamp it in, he's another centimeter higher. beings just being human beings, Every shovel of earth, he was getting closer mosquitoes being mosquitoes, donkeys and closer to the top of the well. Now the being donkeys, farmers being farmers. How farmer, thinking the donkey had died to deal with difficult people. Thank you for already, paid no attention at all, shoveling, listening. Audience: Sadhu, sadhu, sadhu. shoveling, when a pair of donkey ears Ajahn Brahm: So, who is going to be the appeared above the top of the well. Shovel, first difficult person and ask a question? Any shovel, shovel. Shake it off, stamp it in, until questions or comments ? That's a great way a donkey head appeared at the top of the of stopping questions, associating that with well. Before the farmer realized, the donkey the difficult person. No? Got a question? was close enough to the surface it jumped Participant: What about children that[?...?] out and bit the farmer on the backside. Not it's getting away with it and will do it again? because the donkey didn't like the farmer, Okay, children who become difficult if you don't pay attention to them, the attention them out one by one." An outrageous thing seekers in life. How you deal with them? for an abbot to say. He had a great sense of That's just children being children. They're humor. But then he said afterwards, "Deal not being difficult children. Try and find time with them later on, singly, one by one." with them. If you haven't got time with them, That's actually a very beautiful piece of you can't find time with them. It's not a advice because in the case of a bit of a difficulty. It's just the nature of children. If troublemaker, sometimes take them aside, they want attention from other people and by themselves. It's much easier to deal with. they haven't got attention from their parents, The social context sometimes exacerbates sometimes they try it with their teachers, their difficulty. Pull them aside later on. Just you just do what you can. You can't please talk to them one by one. Find out what's everybody. Where's the difficulty there? The going on. Participant: What would you say only difficulty is if you think that children to them? Sorry? Participant: What would shouldn't be like that or you think that you you say to them? "What would you say to shouldn't be like that. That's part of life, and them?" That you can never predict, what you do what you can. You can't do more you're going to say. In no way can I predict than that. Then the difficulty finishes. what I'm going to say on a Friday night. Or if Embracing the reality that children want and somebody actually comes up to me, they've seek attention. I reckon, is that an answer got a problem, what I'm going to say to we can come to accept, or am I sort of them. Your job is never plan what you're skirting around it? Participant: I think that going to say. If you do, then you're not he's [inaudible 61:42] . [laughs] Very good. reacting to the moment. You're not being Participant: I think they see a responsibility. intuitive. You're not listening to the other There is a demon, you have to see and person. Your job is bring them in and see point out there's a demon. You have to point what happens. Listen, be kind, connect, and out there's a demon in them in the sense see what comes next. That's why you that you point out that they're causing should always, as I say, always follow your trouble to other people and difficulty to other gut feeling except when you've got irritable people. It has to be pointed out. How you bowel syndrome. Your intuition is actually point it out is the interesting way. very strong and very smart if you can only Sometimes we haven't got the resources to tap into that by taking away all these plans. point it out in this particular time. We're Okay, I think that's all you're going to get. tired. We've got other kids to look after in a Another question. Wow, they're being very classroom. Sometimes you can find time to difficult in that corner. I'll just take you out take them aside later on. It reminds me of afterwards, one by one. Yeah, come on. the late Abbot Placid. Talking about him, he What have you got? Participant: What was the abbot of New Norcia who died exactly did the mosquitoes teach you? did recently. He was a good friend. I went to his they? What the mosquitoes taught me was funeral service. I remember at a conference how wonderful it is to be in Australia where at UWA it was actually Father Frank there aren't so many. No, the lesson they Brennan was there, the Jesuit priest. He taught me is actually not to react so much asked this question, he said, "I do work in because when I just let them be, actually universities." "I so easily get on with there weren't so many mosquitoes on me. Buddhists, with Hindus, with Jewish, all The more I reacted, the more the religions." The only difficulty he has is with mosquitoes came. I found out afterwards the born-again, the fundamentalists, the that mosquitoes are attracted to the carbon sort-of Charismatic Christians. He asked dioxide coming from your pores. The higher Abbot Placid, not me, he said "What would the metabolism, the more you've got a neon you be your advice to deal with the sign to mosquitoes, "Ajahn Brahm's Diner. Charismatic Christians, the real Please come in and take a meal." But when troublemakers?" Abbot Placid said, "Take I really relaxed and I didn't bother about them, because you weren't worrying your many different parts of life, who come back metabolism went down. You were more with the same stories. I am going to bring all calm and peaceful, which meant not so those threads together in this talk about, much carbon dioxide was coming out from what's going to happen to you when you your pores, which means, eventually, they die. It's not something which doesn't relate couldn't find you. They actually taught me a to your ordinary daily life, because it great lesson. The more you worry about highlights that the most important thing in these things, the more you bring them to your life is the attitudes, the way you react you. The more you leave them alone and be to what you have to experience from time to at peace, the more invisible you are to time. You find with this practice, which we mosquitoes. They taught me how to just not teach here, it's amazing what you can do worry about things, even if they're irritating. with any situation. You can react in this Understanding life sometimes is irritating, beautiful, very positive way, yeah positive. and the only thing you can do is let it be. "What do you mean by positive way?" I Don't fight it and the irritation disappears, mean by making peace, being kind, being literally. That's what I learned from gentle with these things. Learning from mosquitoes. They're great teachers. The them, accepting them, embracing them, not more you fought them, the more they came. fighting them, not being negative, not being angry, not being afraid. All these negative First of all you've got your own meditation. emotions, which you know in your very life, I've got very strong meditation. It's not here , cause incredible amount of problems. actually memories, it's understanding how They are the ones which might cause the mind works and how it interacts with the problems to you, once you die. Let's go body. That's a great understanding you get back to what happens just before you die, after many many years of meditation. You because that will inform what happens know exactly what's going to happen afterwards. Life is a continuum. It doesn't because you know the nature of the mind, suddenly change. When you go to bed at the nature of the body. There's a particular night, you wake up pretty much the same type of meditation which I've been teaching person in the morning, a little bit older, but for a long time now, the Jhanas. They're pretty much the same, at least recognizable. very deep meditations. I've been quite You don't morph into something different. outspoken about what happens. That gives This is what happens even when you die. you a very good lot of information about There is not a sudden morphing into what happens when you die. I'm going to something terribly different. People just mention why afterwards. You've also got before they die... I am talking about slow what we call the evidence-based stories, of deaths, of illness, old age, sickness, that people who remember the spaces between type of death. Not the sudden deaths, but their lives and there's quite a few people it's a general and very slow turning off of the who can remember those spaces between body, and with that body what we call the their previous lives. They either do this five senses of seeing, hearing, smelling, spontaneously or they can have training to tasting and touching. It's as if the body turns remember that time. The last piece of off very slowly. I have been very fortunate in evidence which is perhaps the most my life as a monk. I get to do some realy interesting and the most confirming, is those really interesting things as a monk. I admire people who have those experiences of and recommend the lifestyle. I do things that dying either in accidents or in an operation, you guys will never get to do. It's really floating out of their body, being told it's not exciting. Like being with people when they their time, coming back again and are dying. That's one of my jobs. To see the essentially giving you some insight into what death just happenning as a process. What happens when you die. These aren't just they take is a life force, which is just a body Buddhists, these are ordinary people from force, fading away. I remember the first time I saw that. It was quite obvious there's no no aches, no pains. When I was meditating point of death. There's no time. You can't a few minutes ago, I had no irritation in my say that a person died at 8:09. That's what throat at all. This has been bugging me for the clock says over there. It's a whole the last couple of weeks. Ever since I came process which happens over many minutes. back from Indonesia. I think it's a bit of an The death process starts, the doctor said, allergy, so please please please be kind to "It's now finished," and it happened me, and don't give me any medicines. Last somewhere in between. It's not a point, it's a week I got some much medicines, and process. That's very important to people put on the Internet that I was sick, understand. This whole life is a process. It's and, God, I got too much medicine. Please not an event. When you understand that don't do that to me. I've got a whole chemist you understand also that if it's a process, shop. [laughs] Leave me alone. It fixes up that process can continue on. It doesn't by itself. One of the things I noticed in suddenly stop. What does stop is these five meditation a few minutes ago, all the senses disappear. In other words, no irritation totally vanished. It was wonderful. seeing, no smelling, no tasting, no touching, You're free, and just didn't have any no feeling. That's how we find out if a irritation to worry about. This is what person's dead. We poke them, we kick happens when the body starts to disappear. them, we shout in their ear. "You still alive?" You feel this beautiful sense of ease and See if there's anything happening in their freedom. You got no business to do with body. A lot of times, what nurses do, or seeing things, smelling, tasting. Many of you doctors do, they open the eyes and put a will know, in your own meditation, doesn't light in their eyes to see if there's any matter if it's very deep or it's shallow yet, physical reaction. See if there's any you get deep eventually. Just give it time. response. Can they actually see. One of the The one thing which keeps irritating you, things I know from meditation is, that's also most of all in meditation, is the sound. Now what happens when you get into some deep like Brolly's [?] kid crying outside in the meditation. Your five senses disappear. beginning, or somebody else making a Many of you who've got close to that, you're noise, or coughing. You know that's why sitting down meditating, you can't feel your that we use alarm clocks to wake you up in hands, you can't feel your legs, OK, your the morning? Even the Buddha recognized, body's disappearing. Great, that's what's and this is one of his teachings, that sound supposed to happen. In meditation you're is the last of the five senses to turn off. not dying. You can come out afterwards When you're dying, it's the sound that's the fully alive. In death this is almost like a last thing which disappears. That's the way permanent fading away of the senses. At you can actually get into people's minds, least in meditation you get a feeling of what and get them out of meditation. I remember it's like. Number one, when your body starts some time ago there was a guy, we'd just to disappear in meditation, it feels good. It finished a retreat over in North Perth, it was feels bloody good. I don't mind using one of my monk disciples, he was in a deep expletives, because that's what it feels like. I meditation. We were cleaning up. We left don't know about you, but I'm getting old him there, but then we were cleaning up, now. This is my 60th year. You get all sorts and it was time to go. He was still sitting of aches and pains. I don't know what it's there. It was my job to try to get him out of like to be 65, 70, 75, 80, like some of you the meditation. Of course, you don't shake guys in here, but it gets worse. I know my him. He won't feel any shakes. You talk in body's going to be more achy, more things his ear, and get him out that way. Sound is wrong with it, and it's just so nice to get rid the last of the fives senses which of the body, and have a break from it. When disappears. Understanding that, in the your body starts to disappear, you feel this process of dying, if a person's in a coma, if wonderful pleasure of freedom. You have you think they're about to go, speak to them because of all those five senses that is the the brain. And in that last few moments of one which is the most likely they will hear. life it separates from the brain. I remember Forget about shaking them or touching first reading about that when I was a them. Sound is the last of the senses to student. I remember in the reading widely in disappear and many of you will know that literature and I use to read Tolstoy and he when you meditate so this is evidence said one of these stories and it was a based. They just start to disappear, the five fascinating story, because it was over 100 senses, and when they so disappear there years ago. There was a story of a person, is a great feeling of relief and ease and quite a wealthy person, in a country house peace because the body is irritating. who had this sickness and who was in pain Imagine what it's like when you're really sick constantly, moaning and screaming. and dying. That's really a heavy time. Literally 24 hours a day, would not sleep. It Fortunately, though, that in our modern was driving all the people in the house medicines you know we get dosed up crazy. Imagine you're in a house and there's usually with Morphine. Many Buddhists someone moaning and screaming in pain, have asked me that's terrible I want to be and there's nothing you can do about it. there when I die, this is an important time in Being wealthy they tried to get all sorts of my life . I don't want to be in this dull state, therapy, homeopaths, allopaths, everything, but you don't have to worry about that, take but nothing could relieve this person's pain. that Morphine because what happens Tolstoy, beautiful writer, was describing the during the dying process, that the mind, this emotions of the people who had to deal with sixth sense usually uses your brain, but it this for many weeks. At the end of the story doesn't have to use the brain once the brain he mentioned that everything suddenly went stops and the brain dies. In other words, quiet in the house, but the man hadn't died your mind does not need that brain yet. For 5 or 10 minutes he was free of pain. anymore. It can be free from the brain and Clear, lucid. Before he passed away. That's what actually happens in the last minutes or so common and I'm not sure if there are any two sometimes more, sometimes less of doctors or nurses who have witnessed that, your life, you get clarity. I was talking about I have witnessed that the last few moments this about my mother in London, because of a person's life are clear. There's a person she's got complete Alzheimer's Disease. who comes here regularly I'm not sure if Two years ago, a year and half ago when I they're here . They told of me the story that went see her she just cannot recognize me, they were with their father, here in Perth, he she didn't know who I am. I was with her for was dying and she was with her sister. They two years, sorry for two hours, talking to were sitting on either side of the bed holding her, being with her she didn't know who I their father's hand. He was in a coma and was. Although, strangely out the blue in two hadn't spoken for many, many hours or a hours with all the talk she said, she day or two I'm not sure. They were just mentioned the word monastery. Which was waiting for him to die, waiting for that last really weird and my brother picked up on breath to come out and not come in again, that. It was totally out of context with holding his hand. Of course you never know everything else she was saying, but it was when that moment is going to happen. I've something in there that obviously knew that been there with people and sometimes there was something monastic there, you you're waiting there for hours. They seem know with the person that she was with. For as if their last breath and you think that's it people who have such bad Alzheimer's and suddenly they breathe in again. In this Disease in their last minutes of their life they particularly case it was his last breath, he will be clear, they will wake up, they will stopped breathing, but then he opened his remember everything because that's the eyes. He leaned up from his bed and looked nature of your mind. It uses the brain for around at his two daughters on either side. most of your life, but it does not have to use They said that without any plan, they said in perfect synchronicity we love you dad. Then said, he had no brain to speak of. There's he closed his eyes and passed away. But no way that that small amount left could what really we took their, took them by compensate for everything which was surprise was that even though he had been missing. When I tell that story, I also want to in a coma for such a long time, even though do research, and I ask people, because his he was not supposed to see or feel, for the whole head was filled with cranial fluid. last minute, he did. He looked them in the There's no brain there, no grey matter. So I eye and they could speak to him their last ask people if you can do an experiment and words. There was even a better example help me. Can you move your head from which was in the "TIME" magazine of all back to forth? See if you can hear any things. Article on the mind. This was the sloshing inside. That must be you as well. most amazing time when the mind You've got no brain, it's just cranial fluid. separated from the brain. The thing here That fellow was an honours student in was we did have a copy of this in our mathematics. Brilliant, normal, had a monastery I think 2009 or 10 or something, girlfriend. In every which way, you wouldn't January edition TIME magazine of the mind, know he had no brain. How can that work? but anyways there's a doctor over in the As far as I know, as far as Buddhism knows, United States was treating a person with a your mind, the ability to cognize, to form brain tumor. It was a very aggressive tumor. thought, to exercise will, is independent of He was in hospital waiting for the end in a your body. Especially independent of your coma for many days, because apparently brain. At the last moments of life, that's what the brain tumor grows and take over the happens. Your mind gets free of this brain other parts of the brain, until there's nothing and this body. So it can become clear. left for a person to be able to speak or That's very well documented as evidence higher brain function disappear. Eventually based. The last moments of your life you'll the last part of the brain is just used for be clear. I know the last moments of my keeping the body alive, for doing the basic mother's life she'll be very clear. Now what functions of breathing and keeping the heart do you do with those last moments? That's going and the other organs going, but soon the next thing. For those people who have there's no capacity left in the brain to do sudden deaths, they experience themselves anything. That's when the person dies. The outside of their body looking on. That's fellow been unconscious for a long time, the evidence based. That's actually what doctor told them what the prognosis was - happens. Many people have reported what you go into this coma and never come out they call NDEs, Near Death Experiences. again. But this person did come out. He just Going out of their body, and being. Having again opened his eyes, he bent up, but this the experience of being able to see, and fellow talked to his family for 15 minutes, hear, but without a physical body. They do saying their last goodbyes for 15 minutes he experience, they think they've got a body. was totally clear before he died. The doctor That's what it's like, but they can see their was totally amazed, it couldn't have dead corpse on the table, or under the car, happened, but it did because by that time or wherever else they died. And of course there's nothing left in the brain to perform many of those people get revived. They such functions. I've I told many of you many come back again and they tell the tale that years ago, Professor John Lorber, about the that's what it's like. These aren't just boy with no brain. An honours student in Buddhists, these are from all cultures of the mathematics at Sheffield University, sorry, world. For those of you who want to check an honours graduate who had a slightly me out, the best site for that is of Professor misshaped skull and the doctor gave him a Pim Van Lommel, L-O-double-M-E-L. This brain scan, a CT scan, and there was only guy was a professor of medicine in Holland. one percent cortex there, everything else During his work he had many anecdotes, as was missing. Basically as Professor Lorber many of you have heard this before, of people saying that they left their body on the course those which survived. Everyone who operating table. They could hear and see came in with cardiac arrest, who survived, what was going on. Was this true or not? he gave a questionnaire to. To find out if One of my favorite stories was of the very they'd had any of these memories of what wealthy person in London, who was having happened during the time they were being a minor operation. Because she was resuscitated. The time they were "dead". He wealthy she has, I think, a doctor from also recorded what happened in the ER Harley street. Very expensive but she room, and in the operating theater. Just in wanted the best. If you've got money why case if they did say something was said, not get the best? Fortunately she actually they could find out whether the memory was did need it, because during the operation accurate or not. He found out, of the she died for a few minutes. If ever you get survivors, just under 10 percent of those an expensive doctor you'll probably find he's people who survived, did have one or more always very polite to you. But, during the of the typical descriptions of NDEs, near operation the doctor lost it. This lady was death experiences. Floating out of the body, dying and he was panicking. During the hearing what was going on, whatever. He operation, apparently, he said, he shouted could verify that these weren't imaginary out, even though this lady was unconscious, memories. These were real memories. "Don't give up on me now, you bitch." That's What they said they heard was said. The what he said. Be careful if you're a doctor or procedures they described actually a nurse. Cause what happened next was happened. It was accurate recall. But the when he came round after the operation, most fascinating part of his research was they saved her life. They found out the that those 10 percent or just under 10 problem and fixed it, so she was fine. But on percent, were the people whose brain died. the first visit of the surgeon after the That was what was distinguishing near operation, he said in his very polite voice, death experiences, from those which didn't "Madam we came jolly close to losing you have near death experiences. The brain that time." "Yes" she said "I know. But why stopped working and that signalled the did you call me a bitch?" Well, you can beginning of the near death experience. The imagine what the doctor thought. "You were fascinating part of his research would show dead at the time! How'd you know that?" that there was actual consciousness, will, and then of course she told she wasn't and the resulting memory happening when dead. Well she was dead, but she was the brain was totally not working. This is conscious. There's many anecdotes like what happens also, when you get into very, that. I'm sure you've known anecdotes. very deep meditation. One of the stories of Some of you may have actually experienced one of our members here, he's not here this that. When I give a talk like that, there's two evening but it's a great story. I wrote it down or three people that come up after and say in my book "Mindfulness, Bliss, and thank you for talking like that. I've had that Beyond", with this person's permission. This experience. I've been out of my body. This was a person that got into such a deep professor, Pim Van Lommel, he wanted to meditation at home, I'll tell it very briefly, make this much more than an anecdote. He that his wife was concerned he died. And so wanted to find out scientifically whether this called the ambulance and he got taken to was true or not. His research which was Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital. It was on a reported in the 2001 December edition of weekend. He was just an ordinary person Lancet. His research was over three meditating in his bedroom, but he was hospitals. He was a professor looking after meditating for too long. His wife checked three hospitals in the Netherlands. His him and could find no signs of life, so she sample group was every person who came called the ambulance. The ambulance could into any of those hospitals under cardiac find no signs of life, so took him to Charlie arrest. I don't know, for a year or two, and of Gairdner's hospital, where they put ECG and EEG on him. Both were flat. The guy celibate for the last 40 years, but I got a had died, at least so the instruments said. good memory and I know meditation. My ECG there was no heart beat for a long meditation is very good. It's much better! time, EEG no brain activity. The brain was Now what that mediation is, is your body not working. He was in a meditation. I told disappears. It vanishes. That's what this story elsewhere so I won't elaborate on happens when you die. You're totally free of it. After giving him defibrillators and many this body. It's blissful. One of those electric shocks, nothing worked. Eventually anecdotes, I like these funny stories which he came out of his meditation. Just decided people tell you, or you read about, is this I've had enough, now I'll come out, just like one lady who died on the operating table. you do. And as soon as he came out of She left her body. Looking at her body over meditation both machines worked perfectly. there, just a mess. Off she went. ECG and EEG started beeping in the proper Apparently, she described it as meeting way and he felt fine. He wondered what the some spirit, and the spirit saying "It's not hell he was doing in hospital, he was in his your time." You know, "You've got to go bedroom. And, gave him a quick sort of back." She said, "No way. I'm having too check over, the doctor, nothing wrong with good a time. I don't want to go back. Sorry." the guy, so he actually went home. He The spirit said, "But you have to go back." "I walked home. He obviously didn't live that don't care about that, I'm not going." People far away from Sir Charles Gairdner hospital, are pretty independent these days. You in Nedlands. He walked back home, he was don't do what you're told by your parents, or that fit. During that whole time he was by the government, or by God, or anybody. perfectly alert, perfectly conscious, but not So spirits? Go and get lost. I'm having a of his body or his surroundings. He was good time. That degree of independence, deep inside. He was having a wonderful she didn't want to go anywhere. Until time, one of the best experiences of his life. eventually having this argument, "that you I say that anecdote, because, it's a person got to go back, no way." Apparently she who comes here, because that was showing described, because obviously she did go what was happening when his brain had back, that's why she could tell this story, this died in deep meditation. It was only a spirit sort of got hold of her and threw her temporary. Real death is when it really back into her body. It had all these aches happens, and you're gone for a long time. and pains and heaviness again, and she You can actually have evidence, and was pissed off at that spirit. I mean, really experience, of what happens when the brain big time. So when she gave this interview, stops working. Temporarily, we call it near she said, "Now when I die next time, of death experiences. When it happens full on, course I will die eventually, I'm going to find full time, that's called death. That gives you that guy. And you know what? I'm going to some evidence of what actually happens. do to that guy what he did to me." That's The brain stops working. Number one it's how she described it. The fascinating part of entirely a pleasant experience for just about that, it's a funny story, is how pleasant it everybody. Why? Because this terrible was. You know, to die. That is actually very body, the burden of it, is let go of. You're helpful for most people. Everybody who has free. My God, that feels good. There's one, those experiences, one of the things they just like in deep mediation. I don't know how always say, "Now I'm not afraid of dying, many times I've told you, and I'm being because I know what it's like. It's pleasant, honest with you, being straight up. I'm not it's actually quite blissful, it's freedom, it's sure if I should say these things, but I do peace. You're having a great time." Of anyway, because I don't want to sort of hide course it's really interesting and important anything from you guys. The bliss in that people know that. Number one it takes meditation is better than sex. OK. Now I had away the fear of your own death. It takes sex before I became a monk. I've been away a lot of the grief when someone you love dies. It's OK for a priest to say, "Oh goodness and kindness and beauty in them, they're having a good time now." Having and that's a wonderful thing to realise. See some evidence, "Yes, they are having a that in yourself, for goodness sake. You good time. I know they're happy." That deserve to be happy. If you want a quick makes a lot of difference to people. But not explanation of the meaning of life. Everyone all people are happy after death. You know wants to know the meaning of life. It is, you why? It's because you may be having a lot deserve to be happy. That's your meaning of pleasure, or having a good time, but it's of life. That has huge consequences. Easy the way that we react to that good time. "I to say, but powerful consequences. Which don't deserve this. This is not good means you can let go of the pain. You can enough." Whatever it is. This is where the access the happiness, and the peace, and way we react to what's happening to us can the joy. So after you've passed away, the interfere with this normal beautiful state of most important thing to do is to have that affairs when a person dies. Just like now. kindness towards yourself. To make peace You may be having a good time. A happy with what's happening. A lot of times, fear time. A peaceful day. A great weekend. dominates people's lives. One of the How many people think, "I don't deserve reasons why I give this talk ...and thank you this" and you mess up your happiness. "It for the person who reminded me that I can't be right, I'm enjoying myself." That's should have given this talk years ago...is to obviously a great exaggeration of a very take away your fear. You know exactly powerful, undercurrent in human nature, what's going to go on. You realise it does go called guilt. Negativity. Fault finding. If you on, and this is what happens, you're develop that too much in this life, you're prepared. A lot of times, fear is fear of the going to develop it, it's going to be there for unknown. When death becomes part of the you after you die. You have this beautiful known, the fear disappears, which means opportunity to have a good time, and you you can relax and enjoy the whole process, will throw it away. Why? "I don't deserve post death. When it's fear, you know exactly this. I'm a bad guy. I've done a bad thing." what's happening, you just let go and enjoy. Or sheer fault finding, negativity, which will Obviously, there's many people who have stop you being free. Even right now, I spend very, very strong attachments to this world. a huge amount of time in these Friday night The people they left behind. The things they talks, talking about overcoming guilt. Having left behind. That's something which again in a positive view of yourself. Letting go of the Buddhism, we say, "Look, you have to let pain of the past. Not being a prisoner of any go of that past. You can't carry such things bad things you've done. Looking at the two with you." That's obvious. You know that, bad bricks in the wall, in the context of the but you have to learn that. Have to train. 998 good bricks in the wall. Getting that, not Have to practice, to let go of things. When positive attitude, but fair attitude to life. I you let go of your attachments, it doesn't don't like the word positive attitudes of life, mean you don't enjoy life. You enjoy the because that's overdone. Being fair, being people you're with. You enjoy the day. By reasonable, being just, with yourself. You're the end of the day you had a great day. not a bad person. I've never met a bad Now, you can go to bed and let it go. person in my whole life. I've met John Another day coming tomorrow. The great Howard...and I shouldn't have said that. No, simile of the concert, which is a beautiful he's all right. He's a good guy. I've met simile which I got from my father's death. some murderers and rapists in jails. These Yeah, I only knew my father for 16 years. I are OK people. They don't want to do bad was not sad about his death. I don't regret things. But they don't deserve to be hated, that he only lived 16 years, because it was a or destroyed. That's what I mean. I've never wonderful - 16 years with the guy. Just how seen one person who deserves to be lucky I was. The great concert. All concerts destroyed. There's always some spark of end. How many people have been to a concert, and have burst out crying in grief both. The unpleasant ones is where you afterwards? "Oh, Justin Bieber has gone. learn, and the pleasant experiences are like He will never come back to Western the holidays. It's the hard moments is like Australia." Of course not. There's another your work. That's where you work. How you concert coming back next week. Somebody learn. You test yourself. You move forward. even more beautiful or whatever. These You learn from those unpleasant people come and go. The nice thing about it experiences. We always call them growing is that's just life. Life is a series of concerts. pains. The pleasant experiences that's These happy moments we have. These when you get your paycheck. You're having joyful times we have. We know they must your holiday. Having a good time. That's end. It doesn't mean that we don't enjoy the part of life. When we die, we let go of the times we have together because, "It's going whole lot. We don't carry anything with us. to end! It's going to end!" No, we don't allow Everybody says, you can't take it with you, that to spoil our day. We enjoy it to the max. but you try to. That's the problem. When When it ends, we feel so grateful. What a you've trained yourself to let go of the past. wonderful time we've had. Thank you so Right now, in this very life. If you can let go much, and we move on to the next concert. of the past, only then can you enjoy the To the next day. We move on to the next moment. It's amazing how much people life. If you can train yourself like that, it's just have stopped themselves enjoying life, like, even in your meditation. Totally let go because of something which someone said of the past. Free of it, so you can enjoy the to you, or did to you, or what you did or moment, and allow the future to evolve, said, in the past. Why on earth do you do wherever it goes. The same training you that? It's total loopy stuff, as far as I'm use for peaceful, happy, successful concerned. You're crazy. Whatever meditations, right here, in this room, every someone said to you. Whatever they did to Friday or Saturday. The same things as you. Whatever you said or did. Why allow what you do when you die. Let go of the that to control your happiness in this past. Don't be afraid of the future. Present moment? I said that to these psychologists, moment and making peace. Being kind, "You don't have to do that." Realizing that's being gentle, right in this very moment. one of the most powerful teachings of Please remember that. The other similes Buddhism, "You don't have to carry the past which I've used before, which are mostly into the present. You can let it go. It's interesting. The people in the Anxiety and allowed. It's possible, and it's a great benefit Depression Conference. They all took that to do that." You can be free. No one is down as a great, little meditation exercise, torturing you, because of what you did, or because they hadn't heard it before. The what someone else did to you. No one is two heavy suitcases simile. Imagine torturing you, only you are. You have to let it yourself, in meditation, carrying two heavy go. A good example of that, is like a story suitcases. The one in the left hand is the which I saw engraved in stone in past, and the one in the right hand is the Borobudur, this great monument, in Java. future. How heavy it is, to carry those Which I hope you've been to. It's a very suitcases? You imagine yourself putting beautiful monument. Ancient Buddhist down the first suitcase, then the second monument in the middle of Java. I was very suitcase, and you're free of all the burden. fortunate because one of my mates over You're in the present moment between the there, the monk Sripanyuwara [?], beautiful two suitcases, the past and future. That's monk. I tried to get him over here many what you do when you die. You let go of times, but he's not that well, and so he can't your past. You've had a whole life behind come. He gave me the VIP tour of you. In that whole life you have many Borobudur. His monastery's really close by. beautiful experiences, some unpleasant I got this VIP tour by this very great monk experiences. Remember you have to have around the temple. Pointing out all of the carvings. It's designed like the world you think you deserve. If you're a negative system, and the bottom is like the hell person, and if you think of all the bad things realm. I don't know why, that's what I was you've done, and have guilt, and haven't let interested in. People always like horror that go yet, at the end of your death you movies and dramas where things go wrong. remember that, and you'll think you are a But anyway, one of the carvings in the bad person, and you will think you need to bottom there took my attention. Because I be punished. You'll design the punishment could say, "Now this is actually how this to suit you. Now, remember these states death process works." There was an old when you are dead, it's the physical body Buddhist story of a guy who had...pretty has gone. You're in a mind-made body. good guy, but he did one bad act. He Mind-made realm. These are created by pushed over his mother, and she injured your mental world. I know how powerful that herself. Of course, he felt so guilty about is, your mental world. Because you create it, that, that when he died he got born in this you can do all sorts of things with it. One of hell realm. He went down to meet this guy, the stories. Just to show you what can be in this terrible realm, and he saw this fellow done. Many, many years ago, when I having his head cut with a razor wheel. Just started meditating, I was getting into a deep cutting into his head continuously. Now state. My body had gone. I saw this monster obviously without him dying. He's in great in front of me, like a demon, with big eyes, pain, but this guy said, "Alas, you've come. red eyes. Big fangs in his mouth, dripping Because, when I got this wheel, and it was blood. Fresh, red blood. A necklace of 600 years ago, because I hurt my mother. I skulls. This really spiky head (ugh!) with the was told that in 600 years' time, another guy tongue hanging out ugh! Right in front of will come because he also hurt his mum. me, in my meditation. Now, would you guys When he comes, the wheel will leave my be scared? A lot of times people are scared, head, and I'll be free of this torture, and it because they don't know what to do. I was will go into this other guy's head. Here you wise enough, even by this time, to know are, here's the wheel." The wheel left this how I create the world. Because I knew that other guy, and the guy vanished from this I was the creator, and because of my torture, and it went into this new guy's head. character, the first thing I did was put a It was cutting his head. Incredible agony. couple of sunnies over this guy's eyes. I just But this fellow, this new guy he had needed to think that, and this guy had a pair thoughts of kindness, of compassion, and of Ray Bans over his big, googly eyes. I he said, "I'm going to take this wheel, not for blacked out a few of his fangs, like you used 600 years, but for 3,000 years so the next to do as a school kid, doodling. And I put a four or five guys don't have to bear this. I'll cigarette out of his mouth to make him look take the punishment for them." For that kind like some delinquent monster. Then the last thought, the wheel shattered and he was thing I did, I put a straw hat over his head, taken away from this hell realm, and reborn with a little flower coming out it. I created in a heaven realm. Just one thought of that monster into something which was kindness and compassion did that. That totally ridiculous. Which I laughed inside, was not a myth, that's a metaphor of what and the monster went and never came back happens, whatever you have to experience, again. Because I created that thing, and I in fact what you do experience, it's your could un-create it with a positive, fun, attitude creates that experience. Your compassionate mind. That happened to this attitude is the creator, the generator. When one guy in our monastery, years ago, who you die, please don't have any thoughts of came to see me. He was staying for a few negativity. Because at that particular time, months, and a few weeks. He was seeing in you are creating your world. Yes, there are every of the paving bricks, he'd see a heaven realms, and there are hell realms. monster come out of them. He thought he But you create them and you make the one was going crazy. I told him that technique. One day later, he said, "I had a wonderful nothing to do with...well it is to do with your day. Amazing how you could create these partner, but it's also to do with you. As I funny pictures out of these monsters. Of said, every other week here, it's not his course, it just disappeared after that." Now, fault. It's not her fault. It's not my fault. Our this is the power of the creative mind in fault? You're involved in that. Don't just pass meditation, especially, when you get into the buck to the other. You're involved. Don't deep meditations, or when you die, which is just blame yourself. It's us. Because, it's all pretty similar. When the body disappears, about us, there's always things you can do. you haven't got so many restrictions, You can create a beautiful world for caused by solid stuff on what your mind yourself, even in this life. This life is much creates. Remembering that, when you die, tougher, because you've got so many solid please learn how to create this very positive restrictions. So many barriers. It's tough to and beautiful things. Of course, you're going create a good world in this life, but you can to be creating your next realm. You create still do pretty well. Imagine when you're it. By developing a beautiful, positive, kind, free, when you die, you've got much more loving mind, that's what you're going to be opportunities. So don't create a hell realm creating for your future. You have that for yourself when you die. How do you opportunity. I know in some systems that overcome that? Forgiveness. No guilt. Don't sometimes the monks go round and chant, blame yourself. Don't blame anybody else. or whatever else happens, just to try and Sometimes when someone does something create that positive mood for the person wrong, "I don't know why they did that? But who's dead. Sometimes you can't hear that. I'm not going to blame them. I don't You can't see that, but at the very least, understand it. I don't understand why they create it for yourself. Yeah, you will get did that, but they obviously thought they reborn somewhere. It's up to you. You'll get were doing the right thing." There's a great reborn where you think you deserve to be emphasis on forgiveness of other people in reborn. You create these worlds. The same Buddhism. A great emphasis on forgiveness way that I remember when I was a young of yourself. That's so paramount when you kid over in London. I used to go out die. Please forgive. That's why in many of sometimes for a drink with my mates to a the funeral ceremonies which we do, we do pub. But some people used to go to these a forgiveness ceremony. With the people pubs in London, and there would always be left behind, and the deceased. I speak for a fight. I saw it a couple of times. A couple the person who's died. Say on their behalf, of people would get drunk, and they'd have "I ask forgiveness. Anything which this a big punch-up outside, and blood person who's just died may have done to everywhere. I thought, "Why do people go any of you, by body, speech or mind. to pubs like that?" The reason is, because Intentional or unintentional. Sometimes by they like fighting. They're looking for that. I accident. We say sorry. On behalf of the thought, "Why do people create these person who's died. Please forgive them. Let circumstances, where they get into this it go." So there can be no pain. No guilt. No violence. They get into this negativity. They idea of "justice", which is usually ideas of get into this pain?" Because that's what revenge, past this point of death. So you people want. So I ask you, "What do you can be free. Doing that is very helpful. want? What do you really want? Not what Obviously, it's also help for the people left you think you want, but what you really want behind, to let go of the pain of the past. It's deep inside?" Please cultivate the mind. a beautiful feeling, because then you don't Have a beautiful mind. A compassionate have to be suffering from all this terrible mind. A forgiving mind. That's the world stuff of the past. We do make mistakes and you'll create. You create it in this life. I don't I said I think last week, remember the simile know if some of you have difficult of an examination. I used to set tests. If relationships? Don't blame your partner. It's everybody got 10 out of 10 or if everybody got nought or 1 out of 10 in my math tests I you can come back here and try again, gave when I was a school teacher, that learn some more, get some more would be a terrible test. The idea of a test at understanding. Move your development school is to get about six, seven, eight out further along, because you know one life is of 10 because, as a teacher, I wanted to not enough to really train yourself, to really encourage my students but I also wanted to love, to forgive, to know. But you've all done find out what their weaknesses were. When very well. You have enough smarts, enough they made a couple of mistakes, "Ah, I good karma to come and listen to talks like could see where you're weak. I'll have to put this. You're already pretty far on the path. some more emphasis on my next lesson." Take that further, and understand then that The test was giving encouragement, but that time after the death would be very also giving feedback so I could see where peaceful, very beautiful. That natural, their weaknesses are. That's called life. We beautiful feeling of happiness and peace will encourage so you have enough success in not be destroyed by any negativity. You can life. You're encouraged. You're motivated. actually go with it, flow with it. I know many When life does go wrong, when you do people start saying they see this person, make a mistake, great. That's pointing out they see Jesus, they see God, they see some of your weaknesses. That's where whatever, but remember these are mind- you can work, and get stronger, where you made realms. You're not seeing any sort of can learn more about yourself and about spiritual being. The person you are seeing is life. If the test of life means you're always a reflection of yourself, what you expect to suffering, you're always having a hard time, see. I know that from the meditations. Every everything's always going wrong, that's a time I start talking about that beautiful light bad test. About 6 or 7, 8 out of 10 should be -- we call it nimitta in Buddhist mediation -- it about the optimum test in life, and most took a long time to realize that's a reflection human beings are like that. Yeah. You have of my own mind. I learned that because, your fun. You're having a great time, but sometimes, my nimitta was a bit dull and every now and again, 20 percent of the dirty. The sooner I realized I hadn't behaved time, you have some pain, suffering, or that day, I had done something wrong, disappointment. Well done! That's testing that's why it wasn't so pure. Other days, it you. Please welcome that. Don't think it's was, brilliant, and pure, and wonderful, and wrong. That way we can learn. We can delightful because I had done a lot of good grow, and at the end of life -- Look. School's work that day. I realized I was looking at my out. It's over. No more tests. Well done! mind. This purity, that's what you see when Enjoy yourself. School is weak. Dead is you die. Don't worry. You're pretty good. weak, whatever you call it. Corpse is weak. You're more than good enough. That's why Have a great time. Enjoy yourself. You've it looks very beautiful. It's the reflection of done a lot of hard work. Well done, you've you. If you see some light or a spirit, don't learned. Maybe you haven't graduated yet. think that someone else is judging you. No You have to go back next year, but you've one else judges you. Only you do. You all done well. That positive attitude towards know that. At least you should do. No one yourself, the wise attitude to the mistakes has the right to judge you. Only you do. The and the pain of life means you don't get most wonderful thing is to not judge yourself angry, you don't get negative. Which mean at all. That's why I think last week I was at the time of your death those attitudes are staying in Indonesia when a Christian came just not there. That stream of consciousness up and said, "What about judgment day?", which continues on, you know what that will then I would say, "Buddhists don't have feel like if you've done some meditation. judgment day. They have forgiveness day." That would mean that post-death period is a It's beautiful. Forgiveness, that's love. beautiful period. You can create a heaven Judgment is pain, harshness, violence, realm for yourself. If you want to come back, aggression, judging. Forgives, "Oh, it doesn't matter. You are OK. You're more keep that attitude and you know that's how than good enough." That type of judgment, you deal with the end of your life. Then you of not judgment at all but forgiveness, that's get a beautiful rebirth or even no rebirth at if you've been training yourself spiritually. all if you can totally let go. But if I keep When you die, you see that beautiful light carrying on, because I've gone over three and it's not fearful anymore, it's beautiful, minutes past nine, you'll all die before I loving, accepting, forgiving. Then you can finish this talk so it's a waste of time. I'm actually merge with it. You never think about giving you some information about the it as some sort of God judging you. Anybody attitudes towards death, which also reflect sees the light. Doesn't matter if there is a your attitudes towards life. No guilt, please Jesus or a God, or a Kuan Yin or whatever forgiveness, you deserve to be happy. Just they see. It's not these things remember, go with it. Mistakes in life, things which go this is what you add on when you come wrong, it's part of the meaning of life. back afterwards. This is just you. So don't Learning, get 10 out of 10 every day there's judge yourself. Many people say that's a no meaning to life at all, you're not learning symbol of love. What is a symbol of love? anything. So when it gets hard, when it's Forgiveness, accepting, embracing. You hurting, growing pains, learn from it. You're come to peace with yourself. Isn't that becoming a better person. Tough, hard, but wonderful to come to peace with yourself my goodness it is actually good for you. before you die? To realise, yeah, you're OK. Thank you for listening to the talk this There's nothing wrong with you. That is evening about what happens after you die. such a wonderful insight to have years ago, Ajahn Brahm: Thank you, are there any at last to realise, no matter what other questions about this evening's talk, or people say, there's nothing wrong with me. comments? Yes, go on. Please make it Oh, what a relief. I'm now going to disprove quick because people are already leaving. that. I'm going over time, I should finish off Exactly! The pain disturbs the and I haven't told 's joke yet. I'm now going consciousness, the morphine disturbs the to disprove myself to show there's consciousness but go for the morphine, go something terribly wrong with me, I tell for the pain killers, because that's only up to terrible jokes. This is apt. It was told me last the time when real death starts. Once real week and a couple of people know this, and death starts, once you leave the brain it fits in here because it's not human beings you're absolutely clear. Don't be afraid of who get reborn, but other animals also get that. Even if your [?] is like "I want to be reborn. I don't know if you know that even there when I die." You will be! It just takes penguins, they have this beautiful sense of away the irritation and the disturbance of social cohesion. They have their own the pain. You've all heard me teach ceremonies when one of their members meditation for many years. How gentle I am dies. Apparently what happened is this when I teach you meditation. Don't keep penguin died, and as soon as it died all its sitting if it's painful -- just move because friends came around it to grieve. Then after pain is disturbance for developing the grieving for a little while they actually dug a beauty of the mind. The same when you are hole in the snow and the ice and they put dying. Take the Morphine. Get into as the dead penguin in the snow and the ice. comfortable position as you can physically, They covered him over with the freezing ice. so you can forget about the body. Yeah, you Afterwards they did a little ceremony for the will be dull for many many sort of hours dead penguin, their friend. They sang a before you're dead, the actual death. Once song. "Freeze a jolly good fellow, freeze a the death happens, the brain turns off, just jolly good...." That's one of the worst jokes like Professor Pim Van Lommel noticed. I've ever said in my life. [laughs] Then you're free. That's when you can start Nevertheless, it shows my attitude, having really practicing, remembering all you've fun with whatever I have to do in life. Please been taught. Practicing peace, kindness, love, forgiveness, because then you can do became clear... as they all saw the 5 that. If you got pain, I agree that pain takes preliminary signs... appearing in Santu sitta precedence. You can't even think about any deva-putra. The 5 signs which appear Dhamma, you're just dealing with the agony were... withering of the decorate celestial and the demands of the pain, which takes flowers on his body... the divine raiment precedence over everything else. It shouts becoming discolored sweat weeping from the loudest. Absolutely true. Great! Any his armpits. His complexion becoming other comments or questions before you molded... and a feeling of weariness with die? Yes? Life after life, yeah. Yeah, there's the heavenly world... arising within him. many, many books like that. Because the Upon recognizing the 5 preliminary signs... evidence is there. Lots of people have The Deities invited Santu sitta the Buddha researched, lots of honest people have said to be.. to depart from Dusita heaven... and what it's like. Get out there and see the take birth in the human world. Santu sitta evidence, because it could happen to you. deva-putta.. then made the five full surveys So read those books before it's too late! of the earth... to see if conditions were right Who knows what's going to happen next? for his birth. The first criterion... would that Anyway… the life span for human being at the time... must not be the short...nor too long. suitable to attaining the dharma. The continent must be India. and the country...the middle country. He must be born into...the warrior caste or as a Brahman. and his mother must be one pure in moral conduct ... with much accumulated spiritual virtue. Seem that all these conditions... were fulfilled the Buddha to be accepted... the invitation to be born...upon the earth. "Kapilavatthu. City" How do you...royal astrologers? interpret the queen's dream. Your wife the queen's dream...indicates that... you're to have a son. He will process tremendous merit. great power and might. He will be peerless! "10 months later" *** to return to my family home at Devadaha. to give birth. You have my permission! Counselor...let's stop and rest here. We have now completed half of The great Brahma gods.. from each of the our journey. The forest park of Lumbhini is five pure abodes... brought the news to all so beautiful.. and shady. We've been beings…. That a 100,000 years from now…. traveling half the day. Your must all be A perfectly enlightened Buddha... would tired... let's rest for a while. Your arise in the world. Those are wished to meet highness...if that is your wish... then up with him... must maintain the five more please...rest beneath that Sala tree over precepts... and constantly develop loving- there. I feels as...I'm about to give birth! kindness. Humans and deities wonder... hurry hurry! Quickly...join in and help! Her who the future Buddha might be... But no majesty's time has come...hurry hurry! She's answer was first coming... until the signs gonna have a baby! As soon as the appear... making the identity of the heavenly Bodhisattva was delivered... from his Bodhisatta... known... The Deities and mother's womb. and before he could drop to Brahmas met together.. for the sake of the ground.. four great Brahma gods from inquiring... who the enlightened one would the five pure abodes spread a nest of gold be. At that very moment..the answer to receive...his body. On that day, a full moon of the 6th month... the year of the two courses... either to become a great Buddhism’s birth. equivalent to 623 B.C. I' wheel-turning monarch... or to become a m the prime in the world. Foremost in the fully enlightened Buddha? I have world. Most excellent in the world. This...is considered your son's characteristic in my last birth. there will be no more birth for detail. I can see only one path for him. He me. Sadhu! (Amen!) "Kapilavatthu city'' I would certainly not live as a householder. have heard the good news of your son's but will go forth as a monk. and he will birth. I have come to pay a visit. Venerable become enlighted as the Lord Buddha This Asita...I Thank you very much And that you is beyond doubt...your majesty. Your predict have been respected.. by the Sakyan royal my son will reject the household life. What family...for a long time now. Would you be would cause him... to make such a so kind to examine my child health... and decision? Your son will see four signs... an physical characteristics... The whole family old man... a sick man... a death man... and gathered in here will be able to hear. Your a monk. these signs.. will inspire him to give majesty please place your child... in the up the royal throne. for the sake of the holy cradle first. so that I can see him well. This life... through which he will become royal child exhibits all the characteristics... enlightened as the Buddha. Well...I would of a great being..laid down in the ancient like my son... to be a great wheel-turning text. I have never seen any being... with the monarch. ruling the four great continents. signs expressed to such perfection. Huh! the greatest prestige for any king. from this Venerable Asita.. I have examined the point onwards...I would not allow my son... characteristics of your new born son. I to ever see an old...sick... or dead man. or a predict that... When your son has grown up monk. Having predicted the prince's future Choose he live the household life... He will life The eight Brahmans give him the become...A wheel-turning monarch. A great auspicious name ...Siddhartha. king of the world. But..if he choose leave... meaning...he who will succeed in that what He will become a fully enlightened Buddha. he desired. Having return to their homes... Supreme teacher of gods and humans. each of the Brahmans instruct their sons... Huh! But it's such a pity! What such a that when the time comes for the new prince pity...venerable Asita?*** It's a pity that I am to leave the household life... They should go too old. to have the chance to live to see... forth... and follow him. Seven days after this great being grow up. In the future... My prince Siddhartha's birth. His mother... son will a great being. with more power and Queen Sirimahamaya passed away. And might... than any other in the world. 5 days became a god..in the heaven of Dusita. So after the birth of the royal baby. From the king Śuddhodana had queen 108 Brahmans... I invited...for the naming Sirimahamaya's... younger sister... ceremony. You 8 have been selected to Mahapajapati...raised prince Siddhartha. interpret... my baby son's characteristics. Later the king...took Mahapajapati... as his You're all proficient please..give your new queen. king Śuddhodana and queen predictions for my son's future life. Your Mahapajapati... had a son and a daughter majesty... having examined your son's together. But the queen still loved and characteristics... I predict that.. Choose he cared... for prince Siddhartha. As if he were inherit of throne... He will become a great her own son. Both of you...would like to go... wheel-turning monarch. with an empire that and watch the Plough Ceremony...weren't spreads..far in every directions. But choose you? my father has had the city decorated. he go forth as a monk... He'll become..the in preparation for a great ceremony. It only perfectly enlightened Buddha. The unequal takes place once a year. Go and watch! I supreme teacher... and guide...to the world. will simply sit here You needn't worry about Venerable Koṇḍañña... you are the last of me. With your permission. We're going the eight brahmans... Do you agree with the watch for a while. As soon as the ceremony other seven brahmans? That my son has is finished We'll be right back...your highness. left alone in a peaceful and shady frustrate you...my son. I'll have a royal glade Prince Siddhartha began to sit in chariot prepared tomorrow morning You meditation. attending the tranquility of the may go outside. Thank you very much first Jhana. As the afternoon passed by... father. Oh... So this is what it's like outside the shadow of all the trees moved with the the palace. why did my father say that course of the sun. except for the shade of nothing worth seeing. and wished for me not the rose apple tree under which the prince to go out. Channa! Stop the chariot. What is sat. it did not shift position. but remained it your highness? look at that man over steadily in place. when the companions there... Why is his skin so wrinkled? And returned and saw this wonder. they were why is he having trouble walking? Aww. startled and conveyed the news to the king That is an old man your highness. An old Who went to see... for himself. when my son man? Everyone who live for long enough was newly born. Asita the hermit came to will come to be like that man your highness. look at him. and to my surprise..he bowed at Everyone must come to a state like that... my son's feet. On that day, I also bowed to Channa! Stop the chariot. What is it your my son for the first time. Now... My son has highness? Why is that man sitting in performed this marvel. Having seen it I feel I shivering over there? He is sick, your must bow to him for a second time. When highness. He is sick? Sickness is a natural prince Siddhartha was 7 years old. King part of life We must all experience sickness. Śuddhodana... had 3 ponds dug in the everyone of us. Your highness! Your grounds of the palace So that the prince... highness...Where are you going? Your could enjoy himself playing with his friends. highness...please come back! Please get Upon seeing that the prince has grown back on the chariot...your highness. This a sufficiently to begin his education. King man wrapped in that cloth isn't there? Your Suddhodana sent him to study with the highness...that's a dead man. And must we reknowned teacher Visavamita. Prince all died? Yes, your highness. There isn't Siddhartha... trained in 18 arts and sciences anyone...that can escape death. Even me? until he was adept. He was his teacher's top Huh... Yes, your highness. Even you are student. And before too long He had subjected to death... Channa! stop the learned all that his master could teach. chariot. That is a monk, your highness. When prince Siddhartha... reached the age Oh..so calm and peaceful Composed with of 16. King Suddhodana had 3 palaces built strength Truly inspiring. Your highness, your for his son. One in which to reside... during wife has just gave birth to a son. My dear the hot season. One...for the rainy season. child. I've just become seeking for path And one...for the cold season. The king beyond suffering. and now, you are born. wishing to prevent his son. from leaving the like a snare for my heart. I will give you the household life. Consulted with his ministers. name... Rahula...Which means... fetter. and obtained the hand... of princess Yasodhara... You are as dear to me as my Yasodhara. for him...in marriage Time own heart. Rahula...you are everything to passed by... until prince Siddhartha... me. But not one of us can escape old age. reached the age of 29 years. Siddhartha. Sickness... and death. I must find the way There is nothing worth seeing outside. of for all of us..to go beyond suffering. No the royal palace. Since I was a child I've not matter how much troubles and turmoil. there once set foot outside of the great walls of is in the search. Channa! Channa! this palace. I would like to see what is Channa...wake up! Channa...wake up! What outside.. There is no place out there as is it? Channa...go quickly and prepare my beautiful and pleasant... as right here inside horse Khandaka Don't let anybody see you. the royal palace. That may be true... But I Meet me in front of the palace's gate. Hurry! still like to go and see for myself. Please Yes, your highness. At the moment that give me permission...to go outside father. prince Siddhartha... was leaving the Heh... Well, if you really want to... I won't palace's gate. Vasavatti mara The great deceiver manifested. He was now worried walked on. to a mango grove. where he that he could not use the prince's stopped and resided. eating no food for a enjoyment. of sensual pleasures... to keep period of 7 days. "Rajagaha City" On the him under his control. Hahaha...ha Prince! eight day, the renunciant prince left the better go back into the royal palace. In there mango grove. to go for alms in the City of everything is lovely. pleasant and Rajagah All the town's people could see comfortable! In just 7 days...you'll become a that this monk was different from other great wheel-turning monarch. Don't give all renunciants. because of his radiant of this up. If you leave, you get nothing but complexion. and an effortly calm demeanor. trouble... torment,suffering and sorrow. I Oh...He is so handsome. What is he...a don't want to become a great wheel-turning god? Wow...he is handsome, he is beautiful. monarch. I don't wish for possession or That is amazing how could that guy be like comfort and happiness. because such that. Delighted...the people spoke to one things are not likely to free me from another. praising the monk splendor. Saying suffering Nor are they likely to help me that it was as if is a god... had descended assist my love ones and my subjects... Step from heaven. for humans to see. Once the aside and allow me to pass... Hahaha...ha renunciant had received a suitable amount Do you think you can escape from my of alms food. He returned to his place of power? I'll be here, waiting for you...you rest. Sitting... The prince contemplated the see. for a chance to overwhelm with grieve motley food offering within his alms bowl all and greater delusion. I'll follow you like a mixed together. it was an unappetizing shadow. Let's see who will win this battle. sight. In the past, I would partake of only the "Anoma riverside" We reached the river most refined and delicious foods. Now Anoma Stop right here Channa. If I am to leading the holy life... for the sake of attain... to the supreme enlightened seeking truth. cannot be any point in being knowledge. May these strands of hair. float fancy over what I eat. This nourishment is away into the air. but if I am not to succeed merely a necessity for sustaining life. King May they fall to the ground right here. When Bhimbisala of Rajagaha. sent his man on the prince threw his hair up into the air. It the trail of this Samana(monk) whom the flowed into the sky...and didn't fall dow. town people regarded this splendid like a Indra, the king of the gods. Caught it in the god. He then went to see... the renunciant crystal casket. Which he then enshrine in prince for himself. When king Bhimbisala the Churamanee's shrine. In the Tāvatimsa saw the dignified peaceful demeanor of the heaven. The Brahma Ghatikara offered the young monk. He felt greatly inspired. prince The eight requisites of avasamana. Then...exchanging conversations with the and received in their place the prince's Samana(monk) the delight in his heart remnant which he installed in the Dussa increased all the more Due to a suspicion shrine in the Brahma world. Don't be sad that prince Siddhartha. had left the palace to and upset...Channa. I'm doing this in order due dispute. with his relatives over the to seek the way out... of suffering for all throne. King Bhimbisara offered the beings. You must go back and inform my throne... of Rajagaha to the prince. But the father. that I will not return to the royal prince...refused the king offer. Having palace. until I have attained direct renounced his own throne. not due to a knowledge. of the end of suffering. The dispute. But in order to seek the way... horse Khandaka was so grieved to be beyond suffering. With such firm intention. parted from prince Siddhartha. that his heart I'm sure you attain a supreme gave out...and he died right there. The enlightenment. Once you have done so... power of his appreciation in gratitude. to his May I request...that you come and teach the master. carried him to Tāvatimsa heaven. Dhama (doctrine). to myself and to the where he was reborn... as a god. Having left citizens of Rajagaha. The renunciant prince Channa behind The renunciant prince travelled on to the hermitage of Arala karama in order to study and practice under palate. so firmly that sweat ran from his him. In a short time, he had learned all that whole body. The pain was as severe as his master could teach and so then he someone were gripping his throat tightly. traveled on to seek Audraka Ramaputra at strangling him. When he saw that this was his hermitage. Before long he had come to not the way... to enlightenment He gave up the end of this teacher's knowledge too. on the practice. and changed to another When he asked about attainment beyond method For the second period, he restricted that which he had already been taught. his in and out breaths stifling them until both Audraka Ramaputra could offer no reply. his ears rang loudly his head ached, and his But instead offered him the leadership of the stomach racked with pain his body as if on community. But when the Bodhisattva saw... fire but no matter how great the distress he that what he had learned was not the way did not give up his efforts until he saw... that out of suffering he was seeking. He took his this was not the way to enlightenment. leave. and moved on. In order to continue Seeing this...he gave up the practice and his search for higher truth. The Bodhisattva changed to another method. For the third came to Uruvela at Senanikama and period, he fasted until he was considered the fresh coolness of a shady emaciated...wrinkled his complexion forest. with orderly row of trees and a river discolored his bones and sinews extruded. running through located nearby to the exhausted of energy and suffering greatly village. It's seem the suitable place for him rubbing his hand over his body the hairs to continue striving for liberation. So he stuck to his palm. I've carried out the ceased this traveling and settled in that extreme ascetic practices. pushing the body spot. The Brahman Khondanya...was very to limits. which no other could exceed why pleased to hear the news that prince have I am not yet attained enlightenment? Siddhartha... had gone forth. and hurried to or perhaps... this path is not the way...to seek out the sons... of each of the 7 another liberation. The Bodhisatta is worrying and Brahmans. with whom he had divined the wondering. about the path to realization. identity of the Bodhisatta according to his What is the best way to help him... Ah..ha! physical characteristics when he was just This is the way... One string of that lute is born. He managed to gather and persuade too tight. little plucked and it's snaps. One only 4 of these sons and then together, the string is too loose. when plucked the sound 5 Brahmans ... left the household life. and is barely heard One string is just right not set off in search of the great renunciant. The too loose not too tight. When plucked... the 5 Brahmans now going forth. sound resonated far and wide sweetly. were...Khondhanya, Vappa, Bhadiya Oh...this is the practice of middle way... that Mahanama and Assaji This group of 5 lead to enlightened knowledge. But the together were knowed as the panchavakiya current state of my body surely can't (the 5 ascetics) The panchavakiya followed support efforts and developing the mind after the boddhisatta through various places along the path of practice. Prince until they found him practicing ardently. In Siddhartha. Whom we had held in esteem the place where he had settled. They settled as a Bodhisatta down for success if not the there with him. attaining to his needs. with practicing strictly for succeeded using all his the hope that when he attains the effort it's still unable...to achieve enlightenment He would teach the enlightenment. Now, he relaxes his efforts. Dharma(knowledge) to them. The and eating proper food again. How he ever renunciant prince was intended on seeking succeed. Quite...so Venerable Khondanya. the path to enlightenment. So he took up 3 You are the most senior among us. What do of the extreme ascetic practices. that were you think we should do? Under the favored by the practitioners of those days. circumstances.. there can be no use in For the first period... he placed his teeth attending to him any longer. the time has against his teeth. and his tongue against his come for us to take a leave. On the night of the 14th waxing moon... of the 6th lunar great faith at the sight of you. Please let me month. The dawn was approaching... and show my respect May I offer you 8 handfuls the Bodhisatta closed to waking. Five of blade grass. For as long as I have not yet auspicious signs appeared in his dreams. attain to supreme enlightened knowledge. Which he interpreted... as follows... One. He Even my blood and flesh. should dry up with would achieve enlightenment... as the only skin bones and sinew remaining I shall Buddha. Two. He would declare the true not rise from this seat. I've been following Dharma for the benefit of all humans and prince Siddhartha every steps. So I just stop Deities. 3 A great number of people would him from achieving enlightenment If I let him come to trail under him. That establishing.. go ahead with this He will slip out of my The Buddha. The Dharma(doctrines). and glass for sure. I must cut him off now. I must the Sanga (monks). Four. People of all destroy him. The power of the Bodhisatta... castes and classes. access training under spiritual quality and goodness. accumulated him. would come to understand the same over countless lifetimes protected him. as pure Dharma. Five People from all over the though as invisible armour. His heart is world would bring offerings to him. to sturdy and peaceful. unshaking by fear. express their faith and trust. But his heart Prince Siddhartha. Do you think you can would remain unstained by even the slide escape? from Vassavati Mara's control. My this attachment... to such wealth. In the powerful weapons cannot harm the prince. I village of Uruvela Senanikama. There lived must make use of a ruse. to deceive him. the wealth female daughter... named Prince Siddhartha. The seat you sit on "Sujada" When she was young. she made a came to be because of... my own spiritual vow to the Deity abiding in the banyan tree powers. My troops are my witnessed You closed by. So that she might have a must get up at once! Pay attention...King of husband of equal wealth and birth. and that deceivers this seat come to me... as the fruit the first child might be a son. Once her of my good actions accumulated through all wishes have been fulfilled. She prepared of my efforts in the past. But who will be a the right dish. Prepared with cow's milk and witness... to your ownership of this seat? I honey. as an offering to honor the tree will be a witness. Darani! Godness of the Deity. Madam Sujada!! What's the matter earth. All the merits made by his good Puna Why are you rushing in such excited actions. in the past. Even the water what he way? It seems that the tree god has come have poured on the ground in dedicate of to receive your offering! I saw him at the merits soaked up by my hair and kept close banyan tree over there... with my own eyes. to my head is sufficient to be a witness to He is glowing with the beautiful halo all his virtue. After his victory over Mara. and around him. Everyone quickly help! Puna go his host of deceivers. The Bodhisatta's mind and fetch a golden tray for the honey milk was firm. Focused and concentrated. At rice. We will take it out to offer to the tree dusk... The Bodhisatta began to develop god. Quickly go go! All of my wishes happen meditate inside. attaining to the first so great as regranted. Please... May I offer knowledge. "Pubenivasa nusatinyana" The this meal, honey milk rice and this golden ability to recollect his past lives. In the tray to you. "Neranjara River" I offer this silence of the late night... He attained the prayer. If I am to succeed In realizing second knowledge. "Chutupapa thanyana" perfectly enlightened knowledge. May this Knowledge of the passing away and golden tray float up the river against the rebirth... of beings according to the results... current. But if I am not to achieve my goal. of theirs actions. Closed to dawn. The May this tray float downstream with the Bodhisatta attained to the third knowledge. current. Ah.... In no long time three Buddhas "Asavakayanana" Knowledge of the had become enlightened here. and now one destruction of mental defilements. Complete more, it's about to attain. to the Dharma. I'm liberation and freedom from suffering. He a Brahmin Konsostiyasa I'm in inspired with does came to be... the fully self-awaking. Buddha. "the 15th day of the 6th waxing you here. You should go away. I'm going! moon" 528 BC. Craving... with you I've been From this moment on... no one would ever born again and again. But now you're again be able to wile the power over reviewed. and your power...redundant. After samana Gautama. The enlightened one. 6th the Bodhisatta. had attained to the Dharma. week after enligtenment. In the sixth week, and become the Buddha. He sat under the The Buddha sat enjoying the bless of Mahabodhi tree Enjoying the bless of freedom. underneath the Mukkalinda tree freedom. for 7 days. Then he went and As he sat. the rain fell constantly. A king of stood in the open Gazing back at the Nagas (great snakes). called Muchalinda Mahabodhi tree. In recollecting it's virtues. saw him and was inspired with faith he He stood there and gazed without blinking. coiled his body around the Buddha. Then for 7 days. After that The new Buddha open his hood... over the blessed one's walked back and forth. between the head. to protect him from the wind and rain. Mahabodhi tree... and the place where he When the wind and rain subsided He had stood. for another 7 days. Having uncoiled from the Buddha. and changed his walked meditation for 7 days. For the fourth body into the form... of a young man. week he sat meditation. in a crystal shelter. Bowing and paying respect to the Buddha. I prepared for him by heavenly beings. He sat Naga king Muchalinda, I'm the Buddha in contemplated.. the most profound servant. I pay homage to the blessed one. Dharma. for 7 days. Sisters Raka, Oradee... Silence is happiness for the one who had That's the reclused Gautama who attained seen the Dharma Delight in the peace of the Dharma. That's right sister Tunha. exclusion. Harmlessness to all beings. That's him for sure. Our father, Lord Mara Freedom from lust. and overcoming together with all his troops could not defeat sensuality. These are highest joys in the this one. I was humiliated. Hah...It's all of us world. Eradication of conceit. Is the greatest to find the way to take revenges. Tanha, happiness of all. In the seventh week after Raka In this world, I've never met a man his enlightenment. The Buddha sat and who his heart could resist the 3 of us. we enjoyed the bless of freedom. under the tree who embodied infatuation. and disire called "Rajayatana" for another 7 days. Oh Oradee, you're right We will use our Lord Buddha. You have enjoyed the bless femininity to ensnare the recluse Gautama of freedom for seven weeks without taking in the bond of sensuality. and then tango any food to eat. Please accept this medicine him for countless times. Oh prince! Prince... of fruit I have brought to you. from the Daughters of Mara. Go back! There is heavenly world. Those two merchant noway you can succeed... in what you're brothers. made merit with me in the past. I trying to do. For I have utterly destroyed all should take this opportunity to help them kinds of satisfaction and infatuation. My meet the Buddha. Look that Putsa. All of our name is Tanha and this is Raka and cows have stopped as if they are fixed to Oradee. We're not here to tease or deceive the ground. no matter how much our men you. ฺBut the truth is we are quite to taken whip the bullocks to make them pull The with the sight of you. Really and truly sir. No cows still won't budge They just won't move. one. No one has ever made us feel... so That's strange! and why would the... You enamor as you. No one sir. That's right. The two merchants. Do you know that the just 3 of us offer our bodies... and our hearts to now enlightenment. perfectly awaking your service. expecting no reward. Our wish Buddha is now sitting under the Rajayatana is simply that you find satisfaction in us. tree over there. You better go, and pay your even if only for a short time. That would respect to him. Then offer him the baked make us so very happy. I've told you ground grain meal you're carrying with you. already. I have utterly destroyed all kinds of It will be a cause for your benefit and satisfaction and infatuation. You will not find happiness for long time. Your two humble what you're looking for. There is nothing for servants. Bring baked and ground grain meal to offer. Please may the lord Buddha have lived for another 7 days. and Audraka accept our offering. I lost my own bowl Ramapruta just one more day. They would before my enlightenment. When I accepted both have surely attained enlightenment. the honey milk grains*** from Sujada. I The Buddha had known through floated the golden tray off in the stream Now superhuman knowledge of the passing these two merchants are offering me a away of Arala Karama and Audraka meal. A recluse should not have more than Ramapruta Then he remembered the one arms bowl We..Taprusa and Bhalica. Panchavakiya. The five monks who had declare ourselves to be lay Buddhists. We attended him while he was practicing take refuge in the Buddha and the Dharma. extreme asceticism. Each of the five had for the rest of our lives. Your two humbles well develop faculties. If they could hear the servants, Bhalica and Taprusa. would like to teaching They would surely soon attain to ask you for some object that we may keep the Dharma. "Isipatana Forest" "the 14th to honor and revere. I have attained the day of the 8th waxing moon Ah...that is Dharma. which is profound and subtle. It is Gautama. The recluse The one to who we difficult for ordinary people to understand formerly attended. So what is this? The one the practice There are several kinds of who gave up his austerities. All right. If he people in this world. The quick-witted unpon comes here... we won't bother to get up and hearing my teaching know and understand welcome him. We just put out a seat. if he them quickly. Just like a lotus flower... want to sit down, then let him sit. Look... above the surface of the water. that We're so glad to meet with him again. that blossoms as soon as it receive the sun's we forgot to our agreement as to show no rays. Those are moderate intelligences interest. Even I myself forgot it completely. having heard my teaching and them receive Recluse Gautama... When leads you to visit some further explanation and training...are us here in this forest? Do not address me able to know and understand within short on that way. I have now...attained to the time. Just like a lotus flower levels with the Dharma. Pay attention to my words. If you surface of the water. ready to blossom the follow my instructions before very long, You next day. The slow-witted Having heard the realized the Dharma. You're practicing teaching receiving further explanation and asceticism for the long time. You did not training persevering with faith unable to become enlightened. So how could you? know and understand in the end. Like a How could you have attained liberation after lotus flower below the water. which growth giving up your efforts. and causing us to upward before finally breaking through the abandon you Throughout all of that time... surface and blossoming. The final kind of Did I ever say anything like this to you all? person. No matter how many times they No, it's true. You have never said anything hear the Dharma. Are unlikely to grasp the like this to us before. Entangling oneself in meaning or understand. Although they're sensual indulgent. Tormenting one's body listening may be a call for realization in a with hardship and pain. These are ways of future existents. This type maybe compare renunciation not undertake. for they stray to a lotus down in the muck and mire. Fall in from the path of enlightenment. The middle prey of fish and turtle Not rising up and way, that is the noble eightfold paths. It's blossoming. This being the case, I'll the practice that leads to Nirvana. There are preserve my life. for the sake of spreading four noble truths as follows... Suffering... the Dharma. I will teaching in calm until the Desire of the body... Desire of the mind... Dharma become firmly and estalish and Should be understood. Craving. Which is wide spread to the benefit and happiness of the core of suffering should be... all for a long time. Sadhu!(Amen) Huh...It's Abandoned. Cessation of suffering should pity that Arala the hermit passed away 7 be realized. The path of practice leading to days ago. and Audraka the hermit passed the leading to the cessation of suffering away just yesterday. If Arala karama could should be developed Once the Buddha had gave... his first Dharma teaching. The come with attachment to the sense of a self. venerable Khondanya... gained the vision of The benefit of renunciation is that... present Dharma. and that became this first stream- suffering can be abandoned with no other enterer. Anya Khondanya! Khondanya suffering taking its places. After the gradual knows the truth. Lord Buddha please grant teaching... the Buddha taught the four noble me ordination. as the Buddhist's monk. You truths. Once he has given that teaching are now a bhikkhu (monk). Well told teach Yasa attained to the full vision of stream the Dharma. Practice the holy life. and put entry. Hey... These are my son Yasa's an end to suffering. The Buddha gave shoes. Wait here all of you I'll go after him ordination... to venerable Vappa. On the first myself. Here come the father... If he meet day of the waning moon venerable with his son now, it may prevent him for Bhadiya...on the second day. Venerable realizing the Dharma. You, sit in there... Mahanama...on the third. And venerable Have you seen a young man named Yasa? Assaji...on the fourth. On the fifth day of the He is my son. Please take a seat first. and I waning moon of the eight lunar month. The will teach you the Dharma. and after that, Buddha gave the teaching known as the you will meet with your son. Then the "Anattalakkhaṇa Sutta" which means "Not- Buddha gave the same Dharma teaching Self Characteristic Discourse" The five that he had given to Yasa. Oh... The groups that we take as ourselves. are as Buddha has helped gain... the vision of follows... Body. Feeling. Pleasant, Dharma. I declare myself as Buddhist and Unpleasant. and Neutral. Perception and take the triple gems as my refuge. for the Memory. Mental formations. Sense rest of my life. Yasa! Hurry back home! Your consciousness Awareness of mental mother doesn't stop crying. out of worry for impression. These five aggregates are not you. Let's go back now. *** Yasa had now me Not him or her. Not mine, not his or heard my Dharma teaching twice. and has hers. Not myself Not his or herself. All these fully penetrated in it He is now an Arahan things are impermanent and insubstantial. It (attained enlightenment) with no sources of is their nature to arise... persist for awhile. returning to the household life. Yasa, now and then pass away. After listening to the you've gained what is truly supreme. Please teaching. Each of Panchavakiya. attain to may I invite the Lord Buddha to receive "Arahantship" (Nirvana) Actually these almsfood at my house this morning. Once, women are not so attractive at all. My father the wealthy man has left. Yasa requested built me 3 mansions... One for each ordination. as a bhikkhu(monk) Once Yasa's seasons of the year. He hired beautiful mother and wife... heard the Buddha's maidens to play music and entertain me. I teachings they both gained the vision of thought, I was living a happy life. But... Now Dharma. attaining the full vision of stream I feel tired of this way of life. Is this all I entry. They declared them self as Buddhists came into this world for? Are these the only into refuge in the triple gems. Becoming the things... that can give one happiness in life. first... female followers of Buddhism. Then... Why do I feel so bored...and fed up? Vimala... Subhahu... Punaji... and How troubled I feel. How frustrated. How Kawampati. You are my close friends during troubled I feel. How frustrated. It is not the time when I was a layman. Now I've troubling here... It's not frustrating. Come gone forth. and do not concern myself... this way Yasa. and I will teach you the with worldly pursuits. For what reasons are Dharma. "Dāna" or giving... means to you all here? We heard, you've gone forth. I training one's heart ... to know generosity, to was sure... you must have had good know sacrifice. "Sila" or morality means reasons to do so. and so we came to see establishing one's heart within the full you. What if that the cases... I'll take you to doctrines of goodness. Heaven is the meet the Lord Buddha The one who had reward for a host of heart. The harm of shown me the light. I would request the Lord sense pleasures... is the heat and worry that Buddha. to give you instructions as well. follow me. Listen all of you once you know pass by here? Please sir! She took off with the unwholesome and the roots of the our clothing and our jewelry So now we're unwholesome. Know the wholesome and searching for her. But we can't seem of find these roots. Know decay and death as well her. All of Bhadhavakiya. It is better for you as their causes. Know the cessation of to seek for this woman or to seek for decay and death. The path leading to the yourself. Heu.... I guess... it would be better cessation of decay and death. once you to seek for our self. In that case... I will know... suffering and these causes. the teach you the Dharma. The wise person rids cessation of suffering. know the path himself of infatuation, and preoccupation leading to the cessation of suffering. Then with the 5 sensual pleasures. He see that you can be said... to have the right view. life is shorted, and to be distracted... by The 50 of you are all friends from my home such pleasures. It's like being snare and region. If you need help with something... I bound up... just as a fish is caught by a will do whatever I can... to help you. When hook, having taking the bait... it's a cause we heard that you are ordained... as a monk for much suffering and struggle there after. We felt inspired and imitated us want to Bhadhavakiya, you have now all been ordain as well. Very good. I would take you ordained. as Buddhist monks. So go forth to meet the Lord Buddha. But you must and proclaim Buddhism. By spreading the make request... for ordination yourself. Dharma... for benefit and happiness of all. Listen all of you. A bhikkhu in this Dharma "Uruvela-Kassapa the hermit" "Nadee- Vinaya is taught not to grasp at any states Kassapa the hermit" "Kaya-Kassapa the Hearing this... He understands with wisdom hermit" Ascetic sir. Why are you coming into understanding with wisdom... he attains to my hermitage? Venerable Uruvela- knowing... all states as they arise. knowing Kassapa. I've come to ask permission to feelings as they arise Pleasant feelings, stay here. Here we practice fire-worship... Unpleasant feelings Not the pleasant, nor But this ascetic is not of our kind. What unpleasant feelings. He considers the does he want? I'm sorry sir, I have no impermanent nature of feelings He accommodation for you here. Please...look observes the arising persisting and passing elsewhere. But I will suggest... that you away of feelings. Seeing impermanences... travel in the different directions from this. he grows weary of feelings weary and This bank of the Neranjana... is occupied by disinterested... He is able to let go. we three Jadila brothers. My name is meditating on letting go not grasping or Uruvela-Kassapa the surrounding area clinging to feelings. leads him to belong to myself. and my 500 followers contemplation and realization of cessation. Further on down the river, it's the hermitage Bhihhkus. You have now attain... the of my younger brother. Nadee-Kassapa and sublime Dharma. So go forth and travel his 300 followers. The area beyond that... is from place to place, spreading the Dharma. occupied by Kaya-Kassapa, my youngest Proclaim Buddhism for the benefit of the brother. with his 200 followers. These three many. But let no to travel on the same riverside hermitages are full. There is no route. As for myself... I will go to Uruvela room for you to stay. But I can see a place Senanikama, to spread the teachings there. which is available. Where ascetic? In your Because of that one courtesan, the 30 of us fire-worship enshrine. Please give me has have to go through... all this trouble. permission for me to stay there. Ascetic, I Forcing a way through the forest and the don't mind if you stay in there. But I must cotton plantation. That's right! She stole our warn you... that there is a fierce and cloths and our jewelry. If we catch up with strongly... poisonous serpent king...in there. her then. Wwwwww...wait! Look! There is If you spend the night in there, your life will an ascetic sitting under that tree over there. be engraved danger. Uruvela-Kassapa Let's ask him if he saw her pass by. Ascetic Please give me permission to stay. The sir, do you see a courtesan dress in green serpent king will do me no harm. If you say so...please make yourself comfortable in the Releasing his clinging. His heart is freed. fire-worshiping house. By now, The recluse Oh!... The Buddha has come to stay right must have been burn up by the fire of here. When I was a young prince I met five serpent king. Aw... This recluse has a great wishes. One. May I be crowded in king of might. But despite his power, he still not yet the Makada state. Two. May the Buddha an Arahant like me. This ascetic has indeed come to my land. Three. May I have an of great might the gods of every heaven audience with the Buddha. Four. May the realms take turn to come each nights to Buddha teach me the Dharma. And five. hear his teachings. But despite his power, May I realize his teachings. It seem that all he still not yet an Arahant as I am. This has of my wishes... are about to be fulfilled. been a tumultuous rain and it has flooded Follow me! We're going to seek out the the whole area. surely the Ascetic has been Buddha. And ask for his teaching. Dāna or washed away or drown Master sir! Master! giving. has forgiveness as its highest form. Look over there! This ascetic has so much If one develops giving along with power. But despite all of these he still not forgiveness. One becomes gentle and yet an Arahant as I am. The fire-worshiper restrained. And one's heart becomes cool. is so proud and conceited. He insist he is an This is because one has to let go... of one's Arahant. How stubborn he is. Uruvela- attachment... to material things. And to Kassapa Your way of practice... does not one's sense of self. And now... All of my lead you to the path of truth. So why you wishes have been fulfilled. Oh...yes! Your conceit yourself as Arahant? Having teaching fills me with the greatest joy. deceive yourself, you deceive others. If you Please... May I invite the Lord Buddha... could give up your pride... and practice and all of the bhikkhus... to have a meal in according to my teachings. In no longtime, my palace... tomorrow morning. The you'll be truly be an Arahant. Oh I realize Lattiwana Park where you stay... is far from my fault. Please may the Buddha allow me the city. It is not convenient... for the faithful to take... ordination. and teach me the laypeople...to visit. Please... May I offer The Dharma. You are the master of a great Veruvana Park to you? The Veruvana Park hermitage with many followers. You should is cool, shady and very large. Not far from make this known to all of them. Hey... This the city. But still quiet and peaceful. Please. robe and fire-worship in implements. must Give me your permission... to build a have washed down the river from where my monastery...for you here. "Veruvana two others older brothers live. Something Monastery" Oh! this is the great Veruvana must have happened to them. Brother Monastery. As saw in foundation for Uruvela! Brother Nadee! Oh...Kaya! Your Budddhsm has now been laid. Since two elders brothers have found... the right I...Assaji, left the Buddha at the Deer Park way of the Dharma. Quickly, bring your 200 in Isipatana...in order to go and spread his followers, to approach the Buddha. The one teachings. I've not met with him at all. "The who illuminates the path. All bhikkhus. All Nalanda District" (nearby the city of things are burning Contact with the eyes, Rajagaha) Upatissa... You're not enjoying in ears nose, tongue body and mind are the play are you? You seem completely burning. Feelings. Mental formations and indifferent and uninterested. Ask youself the consciousness with the present. Painful... or same question Golita. You seem quiet neither pleasant nor painful... are burning. unimpressed yourself. Heu... Neither the Burning with lust, hatred and delusion. actress and all of viewers... will live for more Burning with birth, aging...and death. than 100 years. In no longtime, we'll all be Burning with sorrow dead. We absorb in watching lamentation...pain...grieve, and despair. The entertainments. Seeking fun but for what well tough known disciple seeing this... benefit. Surely, could be better to seek the becomes weary of thoughs and feelings. path... beyond those suffering. I've been Being weary, he releases his clinging. thinking the same way as you. All right then... Let's seek out the teacher under Samana Goatama. I stay here for the sake whom we can live and practice. To which of foolish. Bhikkhus. Those two friends hermitage should we go? Which teacher walking in here together. are to be my pair should we seek out? These days, There are of foremost disciples. The one well so many sects But we should chose the established in morality. Develops ever school of Master Sanjaya It's large and person awareness... of objects...as they respected, with many followers. Located arise in the mind. Seeing such objects right in the City of Rajagaha Beside arising... and ceasing continually. He begins ourselves. Left to persuade of followers to to grow weary of them. Becoming weary, he go with us. All right. We'll leave tomorrow. lets go of his grasping and clinging. Letting The two of us have trained on the Master go of grasping and clinging... His heart is Sanjaya. Until he has nothing more to teach released. Having heard the Buddha's us. Quite so.. this*** doctrine that not teach teaching. All of two friend's followers the way... the way to deliverance as we're attained Arahantship.(fully enlightenment) seeking. If that so..we have to seek out But Upatissa and Golita themselves. With another hermitage, another master. We've the great accumulation of spiritual qualities been friend for a long time Expect if we in wisdom were disposed to a slower... but make the promise that who of a one of us more profound realization of the Dharma. discover the path out of suffering first. Will And therefore... They not yet become fully seek out the another and inform him. enlightened. The two of you are now Agreed? Agreed. This renunciant...walks ordained as monks. I give you the name with such inspiring mindfulness and which should be an honor to your mothers composure. I've never seen any recluse like as follows: Venerable Sariputta and... him before. I must take this oppertunity to Venerable Moggallana. 7 days later prepare hime a seat and attend to his Moggallana. employ the method for needs. Then when he has eaten. I will overcoming doziness. That I taught you. politely ask him where he come from. Moggallana Feeling with the pleasant Venerable sir. My names is Upatissa. But unpleasant or neutral is impermanent. It is some people called me Sariputta after my of the nature to arise and decease. Being mother's name Sari. Please may I be impermanent... It make for suffering. Being permitted to ask you? Where did you impermanent, it is transitory and ordain? Who is your teacher? Whose insubstantial unreal Anitjang [impermanent] teachings or words do you follow? My name Dukkha [suffering ], Annatta [non-self] is venerable Assaji. My master is the Lord Venerable Buddha sir. I take the feel that all Buddha. From the Sakyan clan. I'm his things are disagreeable to me I do not disciple and follow his teachings. And what delight in anything. That's being the case... exactly did you master teach you? I've just You should not delight in your view, should been ordained And I cannot give you all of you? Deekanaka. Some people have the the profound teachings. But I can give you view... that all thing are disagreeable to brief version. What ever Dharma arise to the them. Some have the view... that all things causes. The great teacher explain those are agreeable to them. and other have the causes. And the ending of those Dharmas. view... that somethings are agreeable and Oh... Upatissa You repeat me such short something dis agreeable to them. Each of teaching that you heard. And it's enough for these views are base on grasping and me to see the Dharma. Quickly, let's go clinging to the notion of a self. Remaining persuade master Sanjaya to seek out attach. One continues to grasp the feeling venerable Assaji's teacher. In this world... of as they arise Who ever should reflect on would you think there is more... intelligent such feelings as impermanent phenomena people or foolish people? More foolish conditionally arising existing and passing people master. Such being the case... Let away. will come to grow weary of condition those intelligent people go to study under of phenomena. This weariness leads to the fading of lust. with the fading of lust... my son since childhood. I must send you Comes freedom from attachment. When the with your retinues to seek out the Buddha at heart is free from attachment one knows the Veruvana monastery. and invite him one heart had been freed Hearing the Buddha's more time surely will succeed in this. Yes, teaching. A bright stud which over turned your majesty. I will do my best to bring the reveals stud which was hidden shows the lord Buddha back to the City of Kilapavatu. way to one who was lost shine the light in And with your permission I would also like to the darkness. I take the Buddha, Dharma request the ordination from the lord Buddha and Sangha. as refuges for the rest of my on this occasion. I give you my permission. life. The venerable Sariputta... was now the Counselor Kaludayi. Please make your Buddha's right hand disciple foremost in journey as quickly as possible. I'll be waiting wisdom Venerable Moggallana... was the to hear news from you. Each of you should Buddha's left hand disciple. foremost in diligently train yourself as I'll not grasp... at psychic powers. Both became great support the internal sense feels of the eyes ears, to the Buddha. as he continued to spread nose, tongue body and mind. I will not grasp his teaching to people far...and wide. Oh at the external sense feels of form, sound, venerable Assaji... had brought such a smell...taste bodily contact and the mental wonder. Yes, indeed. Many of Buddhist's objects. I will not grasp at contact between faithful disciples. hearing that the lord the internal and external sense feels I will Buddha was staying in Veruwala monastry not grasp at feelings. I'll not clinging to the traveled separately to meet him and pay five aggregates of the body. Feeling, their respects. This one great meeting was perception thought and consciousness. I will the occasion for four great marvels. not cling to this world or the next. When I "Chaturanga Sanipatta" means that 4 see clinging to all that I've seen heard, marvels occurred together on the same day. known felt, thought and imagine all feelings 1) on that day 1250 disciples of the Buddha of attachment to this would also cease. came together. Without having made any Listen all of you. A person's heart may be prior arrangement. 2) Each of those purified to consistently apply efforts and disciples had been ordained by the Buddha practice. through wisdim, through Dharma. himself. 3) Each of those disciples was and through morality. Not by means of one's attained to Arahantship. 4) The meeting class family or property. Lord Buddha, took place... on the full moon of the 3rd summer begins tomorrow. All the farmers lunar month which is named "Maga" is the have harvested their crops. The path to the day of the Chaturanga Sanipatta. I deliver city of Kapilavatthu is opened and suitable the "Ovada Patimokkha" to the bhikkus. To for travel. Your father had the strong wish to refrain from all evil, To do good to one's meet with you and your disciples. utmost and to purify one's mind This Please...under compassion travel to the city practice is the fundamental principle of of Kapilavatthu and teach Dharma to your Buddhism. "Kapilavatthu City" Kaludayi, my father. Please...teach Dharma to your senior counselor... Ever since I first heard relatives there. I accept your invitation that my son had attained enlightenment an Kaludayi. Please inform the bhikkus so that become the Buddha. I've been wishing to they can prepare themselves. for travel. The meet him. Nine times, I've sent the road from Rajakaha to Kapilavatthu is 60 counselors Each times accompany with the leagues. The lord Buddha along with 20000 retinues of 999 in subjects... to invite the disciples would travel one league par day. Buddha to come to Kapilavatthu. Each In 60 days, they would arrive at Kipilavatu times the party of 1000 has disappeared city. "Nigrodharama monastry in Kipilavatu" without a trace. That is 9000 subjects I've My brothers chose ***this banyan grove to sent and heard nothing in return. Well, build Nigrodha monastery as an offering to Kaludayi... Since you're my senior the Buddha. It's been 60 days, since counselor. and have been close friend with venerable Kaludayi sent news of the Buddha's departure from Rajakaha city. My tradition of all Buddhas. The Venerable relatives... are waiting here to greet him. Sangha(monks)... also practice this The lord Buddha and 20000 bhikkus have Buddhist convention. Father please pay arrived, your highness! The lord Buddha's attention to this teaching. When a person relatives are clinging to the view that the clings to... an indulgent in form.. feeling... Buddha is junior to them because he is perception...mental formations... and sense younger in age. They position their young consciousness. That person is bound by a princes in front of themselves. So that they snare of Mara(Satan). and burden with the won't have to pay their respects. When my whole mass of suffering. When such a son was newly born and Asita the hermit person doesn't cling or indulgent in that bowed to him. At that time I also pay person is free*** from a snare of Mara. And homage for the first time. Seven years later release from the whole mass of suffering. during the royal ploughing ceremony. My Please...May I invite you and all your son sat in meditation. And the rose apple disciples... to receive alms food... in the tree shaded him throughout the afternoon. royal palace... tomorrow morning. In the its shadow not shifting with the cross of the three days that you arrived in the palace... sun. within seeing this, I pay respect to my Myself and queen Mahapajapati... have son for the second time. Now on this listened to your teachings and develop in location a truly wonderful marvel has the Dharma more and more each day. appeared may I take this opportunity to However.. Bimba...who was your wife... has express my veneration for the third time. not yet emerge from her room to approach "Pokkharavassa rain" This is you. She has stayed right there the whole Pokkharavassa. The red rain unlike ordinary time immerse in misery. I would like to invite rain it soaks only those who wish to be you to please go and speak to her. So that soaked by it. For those who wish to remain she also may benefit from your teaching. dry every drop would roll right off just like Father... I will go to teach Bimba... taking water drops roll off of the lotus leaves. My venerable Moggallana... and venerable father...and relatives. This is not the first Sariputra... my left and right hand disciples time this red rain had fallen upon such in with me. Why have you been so unkind to assembly of relations. In the past, when I me... your wife? When you left for the holy was born as Vassantara. "Pokkharavassa life.. You left in silence. Did I do something also rained down on a congregation of wrong... to make you leave that way? If I did myself and my relatives. Listen all of you. something wrong... then what is the fault of Who ever upholds morality will have Rahula(son) born that very day. That you happiness in this world and the next. Who had to leave him Bereft of a father. Bimba... ever upholds morality will be blessed with don't be so melancholy. what I did would to wishes and good fortune. Who ever upholds help you and all beings. But you might have morality has an unobstructed path to a chance to know the way out of suffering. Nirvana. Therefore, may you all uphold the Bimba...We were born in this world for purity of morality. My son... Why do you making merit together... as we have for bring shame to me... like rolling around many lifetimes. Now is the time to reflect on collecting alms of rice and food in this those births and lifetimes according to... the manner? You're of royal lineage and heir to truth as follows... I am of the nature to age. I my throne. or are you of the opinion... that I have not gone beyond aging. I am of the cannot afford or provide you or your nature of sicking. I have not gone beyond disciples... with enough food myself? sickness. I am of the nature to die. I have Father... At the moment of my not gone beyond dying. All this is enlightenment. I departed from the Sakyan mine...beloved and pleasing... will become royal family lineage. and was established in otherwise. will become separated from me. the lineage of awaken Buddhas. My going I'm the owner of my karma. heir to my for alms round... is in accordance with the karma. Born of my karma. Abide...supported of my karma. Whatever karma I shall do... my wife... Janapada Kalyāni has not half of for good or for ill... of that...I will be the heir. their beauty. Nanda Can you see... that My mother tells me ... that you have great what you thought before to be exceedingly treasures... you have great wealth. But beautiful ***in comparison to great her since ordaining...you have no desire for beauty.**** Yes, lord Buddha. I can see. royal wealth. As your royal successor. I wish From this point on... I'll make up my mind to to request my inheritance which is mine my practice the Dharma. I live the holy life right. External treasures... bind one to the without letting my heart be upset with round of death and rebirth on the wheel of Janapada Kalyāni ever again. I've now Samsara* Better to give the noble treasure seeing for myself*** that there are countless that is the most excellent internal treasure goddesses in heaven. Many times more into the worldly wealth. Rahula...I have the beautiful than her. Nothing could more most excellent and noble treasure to offer tightly than a woman. Nothing can you. Sariputra... Release Rahula from **woman's heart more tightly than a man. In worldly suffering. And bestow him with truth...love is like a *** to obsession and noble treasure by ordaining to him as infatuation It brings one to birth and death Samanera(Novice). Rahula...from this point again and again. Dragging one down into a on... You are a samanera (Novice) Rahula. mass of suffering. That's right Nanda. There When Siddhartha left the palace and sought is no pleasure equal to the peace that can Buddhahood. I expected that Nanda... be found within one's own heart. For as long wished remain inherit the throne.*** But as human rush around seeking external then the Buddha took Nanda off to ordain. distractions. They will never meet with That left only my grand son Rahula. Who genuine happiness. Nanda, when you might succeed me. Then the Buddha ordain release your clinging and view the whole Rahula as well. If I don't do something... world that empty. Your heart will be free. Soon the whole Sakyan clan may go forth. I open...expansive...radiant and joyful. Autara must quickly go to the Nigrodha monastery. Why did you send someone to ask for... and plead with the Buddha. Please lord such a large sum of money from your father. Buddha. From this point on... Should any I'm your husband. I would have given it to householder's son wish to ordain... in the you myself. There was no need to bother Buddha dispensation if his parents don't your father. Dear husband. Since I am give their consent. Please...don't give the married I have had little opportunity to make ordination. Father...I agree to your request. merit. I wanted the money to buy food to Tomorrow I will leave... together with the offer to the lord Buddha and his disciples. I venerble Nanda. Samanera Rahula... and ask my father for the money... because he the bhikkus Sangha... for the Veluvana shares my fate in the lord Buddha. It's not monastery in the city of Rajakaha. easy. That I have no wish to accept your "Jetavana monastery" Nanda. Since you are money good husband. In that case... Let it first ordained.. you have not been intent... be as you wish. My intention is to prepare on the practice of Dharma. or the living of the food myself and invite the lord Buddha the holy life. All your though *** returning to and his disciples to receive food in our the household life. My heart is contently house for 15 days. In that case... Let it be yearning for my wife. Janapada Kalyāni. as you wish. And I am afraid that during that There is not a moment spent*** when I don't time I would be unable to perform all my think of her.**** Nanda come with me. And wifely duties. In that case... Let it be as you I'll show you things that you've never seen wish. I've heard that here in Rajgir. There is before. Nanda. Those are Apsara a courtesan called Sirima. Whose beauty is goddesses in heaven. What do you think renowned throughout the city. All of human about them? Everyone of those Apsara get enjoy her charms.*** Because her fee is goddesses is beautiful in face and form. I so high. With these 15 days, I'm going to can think of nothing to compare with... even hire Sirima to take my place as your wife. Heu...ah...In that case... Let it be...as you woman listened what taught from the wish. Autara...are you exhausted? Oh.. dear Buddha. She gave up her life as a husband! Miss Sirima. Look at her... instead courtesan and turned to making merit of letting others do the work she is doing it everyday. But life is uncertain. And all herself.... her face is dirty, her clothes are now...not much later on... she is dead. Let's all soiled. She should be relaxing in the way get down *** It's already time to cremate the fitting of her station. And instead she is body. Hey...wait a minute! We can cremate finding way of tiring herself out. Look at it yet. Oh..Why not? The Buddha has him.. How he*** and indulgent he is. He requested king Bimbisara to order us to thinks, he is so rich... that he has no need to keep the body for 3 days. -Heu? -For 3 make merit. Oh...how very foolish he is. days! Whatever for? When Sirima led her Look at Autara. She is looking at me with life as a courtesan. All the man in Rajgir the smile of contempt. as if she is scolding were infatuated with her.. Everyone wanted me with her eyes*** it's *** I'm not putting up to sleep with her. Now she is dead. I would with this. You...you! Autura look at me! You like to sell her to the highest price. I would wanna fight? Well..you're gonna get what start at the price she charged for her body you want. Sirima I owe you with debt of during her lifetime. 1000 Kahapanas. Who gratitude because you agreed to take over wants too start the bidding? Sirima has my place as wife temporary... allowing me been dead for 3 days. Her corpse is starting to fulfill my wish to make merit. No matter to decay. Her fluids are flowing out of her how you treat me... I will not become body. This smell of the corpse filled the angry...or vindictive. Why is this boiling whole cemetery. Somebody would have to water unable to hurt her? Hey! this be crazy to buy the body. Hey! king prostitute is dare to attack our employer!*** Bhimbisara reduces the price to 900 Come on! Let's get her! Come on guys! Kahapanas. 800. Haha..800 Kahapanas for Stop! all of you...don't hurt her. Sirima is like a rotten corpse. 700 A half of the original a friend... to whom I owe a debt of gratitude. price and still no one is making a move. 100 I'm not angry with her. Autara... I'm a Kahapanas. If nobody is going to buy this courtesan who you employed. I forgot corpse.. then I will give it away...for free. It is myself, and start of imagining myself as the nature of all conditions to arise... persist your husband's wife. And so attack you.*** for awhile... and then pass away. But your heart is so noble. It is filled with Investigate the impermanence of all loving kindness... and you have not shown condition phenomena. The tears of beings me even the slice of small of anger. I have wandering through Samsara are beyond wronged you. Please forgive me... Oh... get measure. The bones which had laid down up Sirima. If you want to ask for upon this earth covered without gaps. This forgiveness. Then you should ask it from the is something that is truly sobering to know. lord Buddha. who I revere about all of *** One who is still attached to forms... Tomorrow, I will have completed 15 days of sounds..tastes..odors and physical offerings. Please...come and offer food and sensations. cannot find liberation from this listen to the Dharma with me. A person world. Sometime later... The Buddha went should overcome anger with none anger. to stay in the Anupiya mango grove. The Overcome evil with goodness. Overcome place where he has stayed overnight. When stinginess with generosity. Overcome killed he first went forth. 5 Sakyan princes. Prince speech with word of truth. Those in growth Bhaddiya...prince Anurada Prince Anada in worldly enjoyments. Indulgent in sense Prince Bakhu. and prince Kimbhila... along pleasures. Intoxicated by wealth...social with Koliyan princes. Devadatta and a standing extravagance... praise.....rank... barber named Upali approach to the prestige...and power cannot see the noble Buddha and ask for ordination. The Buddha beauty of truth. Heu...She still so young and ordained Upali the barber first. Followed by beautiful too young to die. The day that this each of the 6 princes respectively. Not long...after their ordination... venerable ah...Venerable sir! My name is venerable Upali Bhaddiya Anuruddha Bakhu and Devadatta. I wish you no harm. I'm here to kimbhila attained Arahantship(attained help you! To help me? To help me with enlightenment). Venerable Ananda recieved what? You will know when that time comes. instruction from venerable Punaman Farewell for now. Just a moment! I taniputra... attained the full vision of stream displayed my supernatural powers... and entry. Venerable Devadatta... achieved only prince Ajatashatru gained great faith in me. the mundane attainments of *** cycling Now...whatever I wish for..he'll give to me. power Later... The Sangha requested that What I ***I would be for the Sangha. Lord.. the venerable Ananda that he acted as the You're now getting very old. It's time for you Buddha's personal attendant. Venerable to lay your duties down. I request the Ananda... The Sanha is in agreement... that burden of leading the Sangha. Please make you will be suitable for the position of the the**known to all the bhikkus. From now Buddha's attendant. What are your feelings on... I'll take over your teaching toward this? Our lord and great teacher.*** responsibilities. Absolutely not...Devadatta. I'm already to serve and attend to you. But Good god!....Lord!*** The Buddha please.. May I make 8 requests of you? humiliated me in front of all the monks. Very good Ananda. Make your requests. My Then he the Pakasaniyakarma prevented 8 requests are as follows... 1...May lord the others monks from speaking to me. Buddha not give me good quality robe***. Humiliating with me.*** From this point Two... May lord Buddha not give me good on...I'll set my mind done bring him to quality alms food. Three... May the lord destruction.** He can't do this. He can't do Buddha not have me stay in the same this for me! Your royal highness...please dwelling as himself. Four... May the lord think it over. Even though you have now Buddha not have me accompany him on inherited... to the throne as you wished. You meal invitations. Five... May the lord must still execute your royal father. Surely Buddha attend all invitations that I accept on he changes his mind... and wish to take his his behave. Six... When visitors come along throne back. He would be sure kill you. ways to seek an invitation... My I have Therefore you must act first without permission to take them to see the Buddha warning! That could be arranged... I'll keep straight away. Seven... May I be granted him imprison... until his life come to an end. permission to ask questions of the lord As your decision..your royal highness. I've Buddha whenever I'm in doubt. Eight... tried to take his life 3 times but it vain. It's Almost ever occasion the Buddha gives a time to try my last resort.*** I have to teaching of the Dharma with myself not pretend to be strict in Dharma present may he will preach it to me Vinaya(Discipline) So that all the bhikkus... afterwords.** Very good Ananda. I consent would become my disciples. In order that to your request. I'm from the royal clan. Why the bhikkus in the Buddha dispensation may all the laity respectfully devoted to another inspire great faith of the laypeople. May I monks...and not to me. Aha!...Prince request that the Buddha approve the Ajatashatru. Son of king Bhimbisala of following 5 rules to establish strict practice Rajagaha. He is still young, doesn't get guidelines for all of monks. Number one... A know right from wrong. I'll display my bhikkhu must live only in the forest not in a supernatural powers and gain the devotion town or village. Number two... A bhikkhu of the young prince. Then whatever I may must live only on food given on alms round. wish for... He will find the way to get it for Meal invitations are not to be accepted. me. "Rajagaha" Sir! Who are you? What do Number three... A bhikkhu must wear only you want with me? Don't harm me! Soldiers! rag robes. He mustn't accept offering of new Wait! Prince Ajatashatru don't be frightened. robes. Number four... A bhikkhu must live Venerable sir... Venerable sir how do you only at the foot of a tree. not on a man- know me? Ohoh...prince look at me! made construction. Number five... A bhikkhu must not eat any kind of meat. Should any Glorified knowledge and conduct. Great bhikkhu break any of these rules he must one..teacher of gods and humans. I leave face punishment. What does the lord think my chin bone as an offering to the Buddha. about these rules? Devadatta I deny my And I take the lord Buddha as my refuge permission. This Dharma Vinayaa is not forever... I take the lord Buddha... as my slack in its rules. What you're asking for... refuge foreverrrrrrrrrr. Venerable Devadatta would create inconvenience for all bhikkus has perform greatly serious evil karma. in terms of maintaining their livelihood. Let Even coming so close to Jetvana Monastery all these observances be voluntary. As for He still unable to*** and sunk down in the the rule against eating meat. I allow meat hell. and I, myself cooperated with him I which is pure in 3 aspects... Not seen... can't sleep at night. Doctor Jivaka..What heard... or suspected to have been kill shall I do? Your humble servant thinks.... specifically for the sake of oneself. My that your highness should go ***to the lord bhikkhus...Who do you think is superior? My Buddha. and to ask for his forgiveness. rules are strict *** Whoever agrees should you're right. Let's go together to pay our come in live with me. Devadatta Don't do respect to the Buddha. Our lord I now this. Breaking up the bhikkhu-sangha it's a realize my mistake. Please...May I beg your very heavy evil karma. From this day pardon? Please forgive me. I promise..I will on...I'm no longer your disciple. I'll be never do unwholesome deeds like that carrying out from the lax community.*** only again. Your majesty...it is the timeless law with my own monks. Whoever that in this world Hatred can only ever be agrees...follow me. Devadatta Can't you see appeased by non-hatred. One who that are not a suitable leader for bhikkhu- associate with fools *** One who is perfect sangha. Gogalika...What are you saying? in morality shine like a bright flame. One Hahahaha...What am I saying What am I with mindfulness is happy. and grow in the saying? Just now..Buddha's left and right Dharma at every moment. If a king rules hands disciples Venerable Moggallana and with Dharma all his citizen will be happy. Sariputra came to give teaching and Bhikkhus... All conditions*** have the nature instruction to your disciples. Having to arise persist for awhile and then pass listened...almost all of your disciples away. Therefor we should consider such followed the 2 venerables back to Jetavana thing as Monastery. Only a few of your most impermanent...uncertain...unreliable. The foolish*** Gogalika...It's impossible! It's tears of beings who wander from birth to impossible! Impossible.. Is that all... the death on the wheel of Samsara are strict forest monk can say? Gogalika! countless. Their corp *** It's such an You!...You! You're a fake! You're lying on enormous pity. *** Those who cling to the yellow robe. Only for the sake of gain attachment to the forms Sounds...Smells and honor! *** *** *** Gogalika! comeback Tastes...and Touches of this world have not here now! Gogalika! I've been seriously ill the slice of chance of ever going beyond no improvement for a long time. *** But in it.** I declare myself as a Buddhist lay return..The Buddha has nothing... but loving practitioner. I'll take the triple gems as my kindness toward me. Expressing not even refuge for the rest of my life. The king has the slightest ill-will. or resentment. Now no alternative but receive the heavy result of coming to the end of my life. I would like to his terrible deed ...murdering his own father. seek out to lord Buddha. In order to ask for The perfect vision of the Dharma therefor... his forgiveness. Monks...be quick and take did not arise in him here.*** Birth... Aging... me to the Jetavana Monastery. We're Sickness... Death. Greatness... Striving... getting close to Jetavana Monastery. Stop Struggling... Conceit Suffering... Your for awhile. So that I can make myself before majesty... The lord Buddha has arrived in entry*** into the present of the lord the royal palace. Oh lord... I think my life is Buddha.*** Blessed one Knower of worlds. ending. I can't bear the suffering very much longer. Oh father please do not worry. All Mahanama of the Sakyan clan has inherited condition*** have incoming to being they to the throne of Kapilavattu. *** to show how persist for awhile having persisted... It's unstable and impermanent even kingship in their nature to pass away. It's only suffering this world.*** prince Siddhartar my husband Arising... Existing...and Ceasing. Nothing relinquished the royal throne without the other than suffering. There is no woman... second thought when he went forth. My no man. no us...no them. All the last 7 relatives...my son and even queen days... Lord Buddha... You have taught me Mahapajapati Gotami have followed after the Dharma...day and night. I have been him and ordained. That being the case...it's liberated from the round of rebirth and best for me also to relinquish material attained to Nibbana. I have now here...little comfort and ordain in the Buddha's Dharma time remaining.** I wish to express my Vinaya. Princess Yasodhara... and a great veneration and then enter...Nibbana. For number of her ladies of the court traveled to whatever faults... I have committed through Jetavanna Monastery in Sravasti. After party... Speech...or mind. Please...though practicing the 8 strict conditions her 2 rains your great compassion forgive me. Now...I retreats. Princess Yasodhara was ordained ask your permission*** to take my final as a bhikkhuni. She practiced mental leave and let me pass...into Nibbana.*** cultivation with great dedication and "Nigrodharama" We have asked for attained Arahantship. Her ordained name ordination form the lord Buddha 3 times. But was venerable... Bhaddakaccānāteri. he has not yet given his permission. "Sravasti City" Having performed the twin However...we won't give up*** Let's shave marvel. The Buddha arose from his crystal our heads... put on the yellow robes and seat and stepped forward with his right foot follow the lord Buddha wherever he goes. he placed it...on the summit of mount Oh lord... If women were allowed to ordain Yukondhara. Then he stepped forward with in the Buddhist dispensation Could they his left foot placing it on the summit of attain to the level of Arahanthip? Ananda... mount Sumeru. Upon which Tāvatiṃsa If the women were ordained in the Buddhist Heaven is located. With his 3rd step The dispensation they could attain to Buddha ascended into Tāvatiṃsa Heaven. Arahantship exactly the same as men can. He seated that himself upon the If that is the case... In your kindness... Pandukambala stone the seat of lord Indra Please give ordination to queen the god of Tāvatiṃsa Heaven. His purpose Mahapajapati. who raised and taught to you was to teach the Dharma to his mother in when you were child.** and that fulfill *** accordance with the tradition of past Ananda...if Pajaparti would practice Buddhas. Delighted lord Indra and the host according to the 8 strict conditions. I'll give of Tāvatiṃsa Heaven gathered before the her my permission. The 8 strict conditions Buddha to hear his discourse. Tell are... One... A bhikkhuni who had been me...have you seen my mother? Our lord.. ordained for even 100 years must bow to a Your mother was reborn Sandusita bhikkhu ordained at very*** day. Two... A Devaputtra in the high realm of Dusita. I will bhikkuni may not spend the rains retreat in quickly go and invite your mother down. the monastery where there are no bhikkhus Mother please come and sit close by. The in residence. 6 months later... We have kindness you'd shown me in your past life practiced the 8 strict conditions for the was great beyond major As an expression periods of 2 rains retreats. Please may the of my gratitude may I take this opportunity Buddha consider our ordinations. I permit of teaching you the Dharma during the 3 your ordination. After their ordination... months rain retreat here in Tāvatiṃsa so Pajapati bhikkhuni and the Sakyan that you may attain the path...fruit and bhikkhunis practice mental cultivation with nirvana. Mother please listen... Ignorance great determinatio until each of them had and craving lead the person to rebirth. attained to Arahantship. Now king Agitated... their heart rushing around within Samsara for as long as the aggregates do you want our daughter Magandhiya to come into being. The supposition of a being dress up prettily? Come on please! sit down is also there. In truth...such condition things and rest. Oh...Magandhiya...Are you ready are not worthy ** to be called the being. yet? Hurry up! I'm ready father. Right...right! There is only suffering which arises and *** go quickly! I'had met him...I met him! Met suffering which decays and ceases. Aside who? I met him Where is he gone?! What is from suffering...nothing arises. Aside from all about? You brought me all this way I still suffering...nothing ceases. Lord don't know what you're talking about. I've Buddha...you have ascended in Tāvatiṃsa met our daughter's future husband that is heaven and taught the Abhidhamma to your what I'm talking about. I told him to wait for mother for the full 3 months duration of the me here...but he is disappeared! Ah..there rain retreat. The people of the world are you see? his footprints are still there. You now wondering... When will you depart from know legible in the text dealing with the heaven and descend to the human world? interpretation of footprints. Have a look at Moggallana...please let the people know them. Two footprints are exactly match in that I will descend from heaven in 7 days this way... of the footprints of the great time arriving in the gate of the city of being. They show that he is beyond craving Sankhasa. This is the last day of the rain beyond anger...beyond delusion without retreat. I will create 3 heavenly staircases defilement. Such a one is not interesting in for the lord Buddha descended from the household life. No defilement. What! every heavenly world. The crystal staircase for the man likes beautiful women. Let's see what lord Buddha is in the middle. The golden happens when he sees our daughter. staircase on the right is for myself and the Remain thing is to find where he is gone other deities. The silver staircase on the left to... Oh...over there! I found him. Quickly is for Sahampati Brahma and his host of wife! Magandhiya hurry! follow your father. Brahmas. "Devo day" (The day that Buddha Venerable sir! Venerable sir...this my wife returned from his visit to his morther in and this is my daughter...Magandhiya who Heaven) As he descended from I'm going offer to you. Brahmans...I rejected heaven...the Buddha performed the marvel sensual pleasure on the day at my called Logavivarana making the realms of enlightenment. I've seen root cause of your heaven...earth and hell visible to all. Having existence kama. You arise from sensual reveal this amazing side he step down to thoughts those thoughts arise in me...no earth at the gate of the city of Sankhasa longer. You're...kama will appear no more.** Oh...this renunciant has a very noble Brahmans...listen to this teaching. The wise appearance fitting to be a great man Here in person must put effort into raising his mind Kruru is very hard to find a husbad suitable out of attachment. to sensuality.*** freeing for my daughter Apagandhiya. But I've himself from Mara's snare Steadying found one. Venerable sir...my name is himself with the hook of mindfulness. He is Magandhiya. I have a daughter who I would able to master himself. He is able to have like to get married. But here in Kruru, I can victory over himself. Your teaching have find no suitable husband. And then I saw illuminated the path that heads for us you . I'm very pleased by your appearance both.*** Lord...do not hold it against our Please...accept my daughter as your wife. daughter. Magandhiya is still very young. Oh! and don't worry that she's ugly or We ask permission to go to my younger unattractive. There is nobody in this whole brother to give him all my wealth and ask country more beautiful than Magandhiya. him to take overs guardian of our daughter. Please wait here. My dear child! My dear! As for my wife and me... We will ask Oh...I'm exhausted. Hurry up! make yourself permission to join the monastery*** So that as attractive as you can Now! Right now! we may in time...realize enlightenment. Quickly my daughter. If you're tired then sit "Veranja City" My name is Veranja down and take a rest husband. And..Why Brahman. I'm the ruler of this town the Veranja. Hearing of your reputation as a Nirodha...the end of suffering is his fruit. perfectly enlightenment Buddha. I wish to The Dharma teaching...you have given has have a Dharma discussion with you. But illuminated the way for me. For the rest of why is it that when I... your senior in years... my life... I take the triple gems as my refuge. arrive here...you make no gesture of And please...May I invite you to spend the respect. Don't rise up to welcome me. And rain retreat here in order to teach the don't invite me to sit on the same level as Dharma to the citizens of Veranja. you. Veranja Brahman... In this world or any "Rakitavana Forest" Who is that? Come out other world I have not yet met anyone where I could see you right now***. superior th Drahma to me. to whom I must otherwise... Otherwise ...you'll do what? make a gesture of respect. stand up to Who are you? What do you doing here.. I welcome... or offer my seat. It's my view should be the one asking you the same that your way of practicing and conducting question! I'm the lord of monkeys and I have yourself is quite tasteless. Brahman...my been living in Rakitavana Forest for along way is indeed tasteless. I have abandon the time. And you? What are you doing here? taste of sensual pleasures of I'm Parileyyaka...the lord of the elephants. I form...taste...smell...sound and bodily touch. got fed up with all those busyness and But I'm not tasteless in the way that you problems of my entourages. I've left to understand it. You have no assets. You spend sometime alone. Yes...your teach non action and play in annihilation entourages sound just ** ***ever busyness and furthermore I would say you are at retaining as mine. You says, you're the lonesome. Brahman...I have no assets or lord of the elephants but then why are you wealth because such things consisted wandering around spying on a human?! forms...tastes...smells...sounds and This*** is not like other human beings*** touches. Venerable Brahman...I teach non He*** From the moment I saw his bearing wrong action non evil action by and the grateful peaceful way he moves *** body...speech and mind. I play the faith and inspiration.** Well..if that the case annihilation of lust... hatred...and delusion. Let's go and ask him some questions. Brahman...lonesome is bodily misconduct "Gosampi City" Did you know that the lord Verbal misconduct...Mental misconduct. I Buddha has left the Gositarama Monastery. loathe all of this evil and unwholesome. But Well...he is probably gone to give teaching I'm not at all lonesome in the way that you in another city. Not at all! I've heard that one believe. You teach eradication...destruction. of the senior monk expert in the monastery You teach non arising and non birth. discipline had has**to the senior monk Brahman...I teach the Dharma. for the expert in Dharma teaching. All this of small eradication of lust...hatred and delusion and matter of the discipline Not only that... but for the eradication of all unwholesome student of the 2 seniors monks have side states. I teach the destruction of bodily with their teachers.*** So that the quarrel misconduct verbal misconduct and mental spread. And now there is a major conflict. It misconduct. Because these are things goes so bad that even when Buddha which are worthy of destruction I've attained himself admonish the monks and ask them to this state of non arising and none birth. to give up their conflict. They wouldn't listen. By abandoning the causes of birth and as so he left the monastery alone.** That's becoming. I only speak the truth in respond terrible Those monks are really stubborn to your comments. The truth is not as you and intractable How long will it be... before understand it to be. Pay attention venerable we will able to hear the teaching from thee Veranja Brahman. And I will teach you the lord Buddha again. That's the point The Dharma. Sending your mind outside and monks's dispute means that all the rest of seeking fault in others is a cause for us aren't able to listen to the lord Buddha suffering. Reflecting internally developing teach. The lord Buddha must be fed up with awareness of one's own mind...is the path these disobedient monks. From now on... we shouldn't make anymore food offering to that we saw our fault...** and swift *** to pay them. oh...good idea! Let's encourage all our respect to the lord Buddha in Jeta's the others lay supporters to do the same. grove. You're right. The lord is going to give We've been coming back from alms round us a Dharma talk. Pay attention. Know with empty bowl for many days now. this...monks*** This flourishing or decline of Nobody in Gosampi is fulling our bowls with this teaching is not dependent... On the any food offerings anymore. If this action of outsiders. But depends upon the continues...How will we survive? What will fourth full assembly of monks and nuns... we eat? The lay people are unhappy that laymen and laywomen. Consider the fool we are continue the arguing and in who acts of body speech...and mind... conflict.** and that by ignoring the lord cause harm to self... and others. You have Buddha 's admonition We made him leave. all entered the Sangha and have been And where has the lord Buddha gone to training in he well expounded teachings that reside now. ** We've entered the rain I have given to you. Be diligent in your retreat period and it is not possible to go off efforts. So that you may realize the fruit of in search of him. "Jetavana Monastery in the training that you have not yet realized Sravasti City " Venerable Ananda I and that you not yet get fully penetrated.** So Visaka and my wife*** along with all the that you may...become truly noble. wealthy family of Sravasti have come to "Jetavana Monastery" In a short know that... lord Buddha is ***and living time...Angulimala will commit matricide. He alone in the forest. And so we wish to will kill his own mother. This is a very heavy sending invitation to him. Requesting that karma which prevent one for attaining to the he greatly come to reside here in our city of path.. fruit...and nibbana. But this outlaw Jetavana. The people of this city will offer doesn't kill with malicious intent. He does all food to the lord every day. In order that we of ignorance. This being the case... He may able to listen to his teachings. should still be able to attain of the Dharma. I Please...Would you assist us in this? Do not will help him to escape from the deadly worry Anantabintika. I'll see to it myself. the snare of his foolish mistake.** I've already rain retreat has ended now. So I will take collected 999 human's fingers. If I kill just 500 monks with me to Rakitavana Forest. one more person** I'll have the full 1000 To invite the lord Buddha to come and fingers has instructed by my master. There reside here. You may put your mind at this. is a recluse walking alone. He is about to It's a great good fortune. to be able to pay meet his doom. That 's strange! The respect to the lord Buddha again and to Samana ahead just keep on walking but I'm listen to his teachings Parileyyaka...that is running till exhaustion and still can't catch venerable Ananda my personal attendant him Stop there Samana! Samana stop and those monks accompanying him are my there! I have stopped already. It is you who disciples. Allow them to approach. Lord of have not yet stopped. A holy man should elephants...Lord of monkeys. allow me to speak only the truth. But there you are kindly thank you for your service to me and staring on words** telling me you've looking after me in this forest. Now...it's the stopped Who I am staring still! and you tell time for me to to return to Jeta's grove me I haven't stopped. Ahimsaka... I have monastery How many ten of thousand of stopped Stopped killing...stopped harming years more was pass before **another such Stopped pursuing wrong livelihood. Stopped great being appears in the world. It has all kinds of misconduct. It is you who have been our great fortune to have had the not yet stopped. Not stopped killing. Not opportunity to serve the lord of such close** stopped harming. Not stopped pursuing This will be very unlucky that we won't have wrong livelihood. Not given up misconduct. such an opportunity again. We will probably You're still grasping your sword. How can never...see the lord again. The lord Buddha you say...you've already stopped. The has forgiven us for our dispute. It was good words you have spoken are immortal and true. But never before heard*** even in my longer? Is that why you have made yourself master's hermitage. Ahimsaka...all things so fine and mixed yourself with the sand which arise are of the nature to eventually grains on the sea floor. Lord Buddha... I cease. The sword which you 're carrying grant that you are capable of finding me. has now been laid down. So let go off the But now is your own turn... If I can't find you mental defilement associated with your Then I will admit that you are...the wrong actions. Should your heart dwell on omniscient one. One more are seeing than old actions** it would soon become me. All right...I give in. Whatever world spoiled.** Focus on recollecting your good system... whatever universe you conceal actions Your heart will become increasingly yourself in. please show yourself. Bakha...I cheerful and radiant. Be industrious in did not conceal myself in any world system making merit maintaining morality and or universe. All the time that you are brightening your mind in every single searching for me. I was walking up and moment. From now on... I devote myself down above your head. Lord Buddha I offer wholly...to Buddhism. Please give me my obedience. The powers that you have ordination in your excellent dispensation. I shown to me exceed those of all the deities agree to give you ordination. Follow me and Brahma gods. Bakha...pay close back to Jetuvana monastery. Ah...this poor attention to this teaching. The power and human beings. Thinking their good and the pleasures in this Brahma realm are very good deeds make any difference. When in long last thing. They encourage you to fact...all thing is already fixed dependent on think** that all things are impermanent In my will. They are so ignorant. The Brahma fact...all phenomena have the nature to God Bakha has the wrong view. I will help arise persist for sometime and then pass him to see the truth of things. Wow ah...lord away. All things exist in dependent on Buddha please sit down Has the lord causes and conditions. All beings are born Buddha some important reason for coming of their actions... heirs to their actions... are to see me? or would this be more of a social related to their actions... have action as their call. Bakha. I'm aware of your thoughts and refuge... are owner of their actions. believes. Know my thoughts and my Whatever actions are performed good or believes. Well...never mind. I have never bad we must receive the result. conceal them. They are the truth. On "Veruvakama in Vaishali City" Lord Buddha heaven and on the human realm everything You are seriously ill. You are in tremendous that exist in this universe is all fixed is all pain. Yet...you maintain great composure. fixed and eternal. All created by me. There You withstand your discomfort with great is nothing on earth or in the sky in the sun in patience. And tortured your illness with the moon and the stars are which I do not determination. It fills me with great faith that have omniscient knowledge. Nothing is the lord Buddha will live a long life with hiding from me. Bakha...Are you sure? that disciples and followers forever. Ananda... at you are the creator and master of all thing.. this moment I have reached 80 years of Are you sure? that you alone knows all ages. My body is going weak like a things and there is nothing is hiding from dilapidated old wagon held together with you. absolutely. In that case...why don't you pieces of bamboo. It is not strong enough to use your powers to create the magic body? last forever. But I'm focusing my will to keep and hide in a place you believe nobody else my body going and make this travel can find. Then I will look for you. Yes!...sure. possible** You should be mindful to take I can do that. Try to find me if you can care of yourself. In this universe...there is Bahka! You want to be a bird...do you? nothing that is more important than yourself. Bakha! So you want to be a bee is that why "Pavala Stupa in Vaishali City"** Ananda... you are passing around the flowers prone. The pleasings of Palivare Ashatiya** are Bakha! Do you not want to enjoy the peaceful and quiet. Should anyone develop happiness of the Brahman realm any the 4 methods for success. and have the wish to extent his life... for very long period. to teach the deities and humans. Ananda.. He will surely succeed in what he wishes. Why do you make this request of me 3 The lord Buddha has displayed the light times? Oh lord ...you said that... whoever omen to venerable Ananda. In order that develops the 4 methods for success venerable Ananda might invite him to chooses he decide to extend his life*** for extend his life span and continue teaching long period time... He will be able to do so. the Dharma for a longer time. Don't count That why I've just now...pleaded with you 3 on it! I must obstruct venerable Ananda's times. Ananda...I have displayed the heart and prevent him from understanding enlightenment giving you the chance to so that he will remain silent and appearing invite me to extent my life 16 times already. different to the light omen. The Buddha has 10 times in the City of Rajagaha(Rajgir) and spoken to venerable Ananda 3 times. And 6 times in the City of Vaisali. The 16 times each time I've obstructed the message had just now in the preachings of leaving the venerable Ananda silent. Pavalijatiya.*** after which...I'd let go of life Ananda...go and find the peaceful place and principle*** Had you made your invitation on develop your meditation. Do you any of these occasions I would turn it down remember? That after you had attained only twice*** and accepted the third enlightenment you sat there for so long at invitation. But now I have met with Mara and the assembly of ordained and an ordained resign to die. That with the Buddha's men and women has not yet Tathakata(Buddha) had let go of... had become establish in Dharma humans and undone Abandoned. It's not suitable to ask gods has not get attain to the path and fruit. that he take up such a thing again. And Buddhism has not yet spread widely in Ananda...all the conditions thing have all directions. You would not yet passing to impermanence as their very nature. Having Parinirvana. Well... Now all your goals has a reason, they must eventually cease. been achieved. You may as well pass away Complete cessation is a fulfillment of at this very day. Why trouble yourself further happiness. Nothing can be compared with with benefiting sentient beings. Mara... No it. "Pava City" A wise person...should leave need to get heated up... with worrisome his mind out of longing sensual pleasures. speculations. In 3 months time...I will enter Give up the snare of Mara Using early in Nibbana.** Be sure then...to keep mindfulness for restraint. A wise person is your promise. Our lord..What was the cause able to control himself. Able to attain victory of that such unexpected earthquake? over himself. Lord Buddha... In addition to please tell me. Ananda...there are 8 coming to stay in my mango grove you also possible causes for such an earthquake. give me a Dhamma discourse. You have 1.Movement of the winds. 2. A personal shown such kindness to me... Junda, the psychic powers ใ 3. The Bodhisattva goldsmith's son. Tomorrow morning... departs from the heaven of Dusita and please accept my invitation to receive alms enters to his mother's womb. 4. The food a my house. This dish is called Bodhisattva is born. 5. The Buddha "sukaramaddava" It's a fine nutrition food. becomes enlighten. 6. The Buddha give the Please may the lord accept it. Junda, this first teaching setting the wheel of Dhamma sukaramaddava is food is food that have in motion.** 7. The lord Buddha lets go of been prepared... especially for me and it's the life ***principle and 8. The lord Buddha suitable...only for me. Apart from my*** I passes away. I have now let go of the life give you the remaining portion to please principle. In 3 months time, I will enter... bury in the ground. And for my monks and Parinirvana. This is the cause for the disciples please bring them food of another earthquake which just to current Oh!...Lord kind to eat. Yes lord. Ananda My disease is Buddha... Please live on to the end of this now getting worse again. We must eon to teach the deities and humans. Oh quickly...travel to the town of Kusinara. It is Buddha please...live on to the en of this eon there that I will passing to Parinirvana. Ananda... Let's stop and rest under this robes are very valuable. The robe is fine*** tree. and please fetch me a little water to the golden grow like a coal of a warm fire*** drink.Do you?. This river is drying up and a May I offer this robes to you as a gesture of caravan of carts had just crossed** The worship. Please accept them lord Buddha. water is muddy and unsuitable for drinking. Pukkusa ... I would like to accept just one of River Kakuda is not fr from here. Its water is your robes. The other...please offer to clear and cool. Please traveling on this*** venerable Anada, my attendant. It's not very far, you can drink and bath Lord...these Singivanna robes are of great there. Even I advise the Buddha that the value. Please accept them both. and wear water is muddy and muggy, He still say he one as the lower robe and one as an upper will drink it. or the Buddha must have his robe. Oh lord! your complexion is splendid reason, This is the first time the Buddha has clear and bright. What a wonderful sight! stop for a drink on his journeys.** Previously Ananda...the Buddha's complexion he has never requested wter before appeared pure and bright on 2 occasions. reaching the destination. Oh...how great is One before the moment of enlightenment the Buddha's power. Lord Buddha, my and the other before the moment of name is Pukusa. I am a son of the king of Parinirvana. We must quickly travel on to Malla dynasty and the disciple of the laid*** Kusinara. "Kakuttha River" Junda gave me Arara hermit. I'm traveling from the city of my last meal but dramatic clear*** People Kusinara to Pava. What great fortunates to may think that his alms food was the cause meet you. I had made the determination in for my passing away. Ananda... Alms food my heart that I may have the opportunity offered on two occasions is a special merit just once to hear the Buddha's teaching. and who give great fruit. The honey milk Listen Pukusa...this heart is luminous but it ***offered by Sujata supported me at the is obscured by incoming defilements. The time when I ended the mental defilements. uninstructed *** and so doesn't train his The sukaramaddava offered by Junda mind. But the well instructed noble disciple would take me the ending of the 5 his clearly aware of this truth. and so train aggregates. The last residue of condition his mind. Pukusa I've known of nothing things. ***anyone blame Junda You should which can change it rapidly a the mind*** explain what I've told you. ***Junda blame You should therefore maintain your focus on himself You must erase worry with these *** recollect the virtue of the Buddha words of mine. The food which Junda Dharma...and Sangha. Recollect your own offered to me was the final meal that well practice morality. And recall to mind sustaine me "Hiranyavati River" "Sala grove those sacrifices that you have made for the of the Malla dynasty in Kusinara" others. Reflect on the heavenly beings Ananda...from now on I wouldnot rise of this come to very ***happy state full cultivating place again. Ananda...If in the future generality morality and mental development. someone should offer material things of When reflecting on these things... your heart great value attribute to me. No matter how will be free from lust... hatred and delusion. great the value of such things Such attribute You were therefore... experience and would not be the higher homage. understanding of Dharma. And the delight Ananda...whoever should practice would come with understanding Dharma. according the Dharma which just lightly The experience of delight gives rise to taught by me such a person paid the rapture with the experience of rapture... the highest homage. Ananda I will pass to body becomes tranquil. The tranquility of parinirvana . Lord Buddha...please don't the body gives rise to happiness with pass away in this small town in Kusinara. happiness the mind becomes firm and Please traveling to a large city, such a stable. This is called peace. None Sarati, Gosambi or Paranasi. These cities suffering...the mind*** to enter the stream of have lot of number of nobles, Brahmans Dharma. These 2 pieces of Singgivana and householders... who have great faith in you and the lesson you had given them. Even it is necessary to converse with Ananda...do not flaw Kusinara... for being women how should the bhikkhus practice? such a small town. In the past it was a great In that case, the bhikkus should have... well capital city with tremendous wealth, controlled mindfulness and sensor strength. abundant food and many citizens. The He should have orderly speech and guard sounds of singing and music were heard his mind from falling prey to lust and through all the day and all night. Another infatuation. The beautiful things of this world things, should I go to pass away elsewhere themselves are not sense desire. But the Supattha paripajaka would not meet with lust which arises in one's mind through the me. And therefore would miss the unwholesome intention that is a person's opportunity to attain enlightenment. If I sense desire. Once one has abandaned should attain to parinirvana in another city a pleasure and unwholesome states the great war would break out with *** over my beautiful objects of this world still exist but bodily relics of the corpse. Here in Kusinara there is no way one can be harmed by lives Dhona the Brahman. He is capable of them. Lord Buddha, after you have past to quarreling such dispute.*** He will distribute parinirvana How should we treat your body? the relics of my cremated body amongst the Use the methods for treating the body of the nobles who come here from many different wheel turning monarch. Wrap the body in cities. Has the result...there will be no war. 500 layers of white robes, lying with cotton These are the reasons I have made the wool*** then place it in a coffin with perfume effort to reach Kusinara. In the past, great oil, then place the coffin on a pile of numbers of those*** who have faith in the sandalwood. Once the body had been Dharma*** would travel from every cremated... enshrine the relics in a stupa directions to seek you out, listen to your which just to be built in the crossroads so teachings and asking questions. But from that people can pay their respects there for now on...all those peoples and myself would a long time to come. Suphattha is intent on be deprive of the opportunity to see you and having audience with the Buddha. Now to have an audience with you. each of the Malla dynasty kings have just Ananda...there are four places which you*** finished approaching the blessed one, who for recollection of me 1. Lumbhini is sick. If I allow anymore guests... it will be Park....where I was born. 2. Bodh Gaya in a great burden on him. Supattha...I can't the state of Magadha where I was permit you to see the Buddha. As this enlightened. 3. The deer park at Isipatana time...he is seriously il and must rest. where I gave the first Dharma teaching. At Ananda...please allow Supattha to come to finally the place of my parinirvana Salavana me. At this time, there are 6 of doctrine*** Park in Kusinara...right here. Those who each has many many followers of they 6, make pilgrimage to these followed locations can you tell me which*** Supattha , in any will experience disenchantment with the faiths which is just not have the noble Eight- world and feel inspiration to follow in my Fold Paths there is no true samana(monk) footsteps. Lord Buddha...in this celibate life to be found there. Should bhikkhus or non one of encounter women.*** Some are bhikkhus continue to practice the noble mothers, sisters and relatives of monks. Eight-Fold Paths. This world wiill not lack for Others of those with faith in the triple Arahants. Now listen to my teaching of the gems*** How should the bhikkhus practice Dharma. This heart is luminous, shining like in relation to women? Ananda...A bhikkhu the moon but it is subject to incoming ought not to look at women at all. It's better defilements. as such...it is doubt and this way. What if a bhikkhu must see obscured like the moon concealed by women... how should he behave towards passing clouds Lord Buddha teacher of the them? Ananda, if it's necessary to see most excellent Dharma You make*** for so women They are not engage in very long. Please in th Buddha conversation with them it's better this way. dispensation. Ananda please take on the task ordaining Supatta as a bhikkhu. realize his fault and change his ways. Supatta...consider the hair of the head Hair finally, he will attain to Arahantship. For as of the body, nails teeth and skin. as well as long as the Sangkaha meet regulary all materiality and Immateriality according to together... the truth. Such things are changing decay...impermanent. Suffering is not self... Not a being...not a person. Not I...not mine. not myself. Not him...not his Not himself. Supatta...your suppose for the holy life... will be alms food. Simple robes to cover yourself. *** following the way of nature Having received instruction from the Buddha Subhattha went off alone in practice contemplation until attaining to Arahanship...at very night Venerable Subhattha is considered to be the last disciple who attained to enlightenment. while the Buddha was still alive. the 84000 teachings of Dhammavinaya will be your teacher. Don't think to yourselves... now that the Buddha has passed away will have no teacher truly the Dhama that I have taught and Vinaya which I have laid down Letting go of all this stupid thinking we do, will be your teacher in place of me. You not only the negative thinking, but even must take the Dhamavinaya as your refuge some of the positive thinking. 'Cause we don't take anything else as your refuge even think far too much and that stops us getting I, the Tathāgata(Buddha) I'm only the one any peace in life. Whenever you're thinking who points the way Lord Buddha...is about about life you can't enjoy life. You're just abandon me and enter to Nirvana with all listening to the commentary. You're reading my effort attending to in following the a book about life, the thoughts and ideas in Buddha I have still not attain the your mind, you're not really enjoying the real Arahantship as the other monks have. thing. That's why there's this old simile, it's Venerable Ananda... I've been sent here to an old meditation story of Lao Tzu. Every find you. The Buddha want to see you. evening he would go on a walk and he'd Ananda, come and sit closeby Annanda, choose one of his disciples, only one could don't be consulted by sorrow it's not true for go on a walk with the great master. There all condition things not to last, You have was a golden rule, if you went on a walk traveled with and cared for me for a long with the great Taoist master you have to be time now you must make effort toward your quiet, you weren't allowed to speak, not own liberation in no longtime, you will be even one word. One day this young man fully enlightened. because he has been was going on a walk with the master and closed to me since the household life. He they got to a ridge in mountains at sunset has become stubborn and difficult to teach. and it was one of these amazing gorgeous Once I have pass away, he would become sunsets and the young man couldn't help even more stubborn and disrespectful, himself but say, "Wow, what a beautiful refusing to take instruction from any monk. sunset." He broke the rule. Lao Tzu turned You must give him the Brahma Penalty. around, went back to the monastery, would How do you impose the Brahma Penalty? never allow that young man to go on a walk All the monks must refrain from speaking ever again. The young man's friend pleaded to... instructing...and admonishing Channa. for him, said "Look, it was only one Having receive this punishment, Channa will sentence, give him a break, cut him some hour trying to balance it on her shelf and slack what's the big deal anyway, of everything else fell off. I said, "Why don't keeping silent?" And that's when the master you throw those other things away?" She said this very profound explanation. He said, "Noooo, these are nice, they remind said, "When that young man said 'what a me of you." You had so much rubbish on beautiful sunset,' he wasn't watching the that shelf and I said, "Mother, this is like the sunset anymore, he was only watching the person, they get one more thing in their words, he wasn't watching the sunset, he head, they have a nervous breakdown, your was only watching the words." Now that's mantel shelf's having a nervous actually very deep. Every time you think breakdown." That's what happens, we "what a beautiful sunset," you're not collect so many thoughts and so much stuff. watching anymore, you're watching the So if that was my mantel shelf, everytime, if words. And so much of us we just watch I got a kangaroo, I just put that on, words, that's all our life is, just words, it's everything else would be clear. The next divorced from real life. We don't feel, we time someone gave me something else, I'd don't see, we don't hear, we just live in what throw that one away and get something we think we hear, what we think we see, new. So one thing at a time in your head. what we think we know. It's a great thing to And then your mantel shelf inside your brain be able to throw out all that thinking and you never, ever has a nervous breakdown. get a peaceful life at last. You don't have to That's what I always do, I have all these do this all the time, just every now and jobs which I'm supposed to do, and I've just again, learn how to throw it out. I told a story been on this teaching tour of Indonesia, all a long time ago about my mother's mantel over the place, and I'm also spiritual director shelf. She's an English woman, well she's in of the Buddhist Society of Western a home now, she's very old, but in her Australia, abbot of Bodhinyana Monastery, house like many English people's house look after the Nun's Monastery at they had a fireplace, and above the Dhammasara, spiritual adviser of the fireplace they have a mantel shelf and on Buddhist Society of South Australia, spiritual that mantel shelf they keep the knick- advisor or patron or whatever of the knacks, the mementos, the photographs Buddhist Society of Victoria, the director of and all the things which which bring back Wat Buddha Dhamma in Sydney, spiritual happy memories. And so that one day I had patron of Bodhikusuma Meditation Centre, just been in Australia for a few years and I director of Brahm Education Centre in went to visit my mother, and so I brought Singapore, spiritual patron of Buddhist her a gift, and what sort of gift do you bring? Fellowship in Singapore. What else am I Someone gave me a stuffed kangaroo, you doing? Oh yes, vice chairman of the know a little fluffy toy, really cute. So I Australian Sangha Association. Few other brought that back and gave it to my mother, things, I've missed out a few, what is it? I and she liked it very much, and she put it on forget now, anyway, I got all these jobs, but her mantel shelf. Next time I went over there only do one at a time. So when I'm sort of someone managed to get me a koala and here in this building I just put Buddhist so I took that back, and she said "Oh, it's so Society of Western Australia on my mantel beautiful, everytime I see this I can shelf and that's all I am. And as soon as I remember you in Australia." So she put it on leave, I throw that away and then I'm just her mantel shelf next to the kangaroo. The teacher at Jhana Grove Meditation Retreat next time I managed to get a kookaburra, Centre, and that's the only thing on my the time afterwards a platypus, and the fifth mantel shelf. And as soon as I leave that time I went, I managed to get a wombat. and go back to Bodhinayana Monastery, I The trouble was the wombat was so big, throw that away and now I'm abbot of she tried to put it on the mantel shelf and all Bodhinyana Monastery. I just put one thing the other ones fell off. She spent about an on my mantel shelf at a time, that's why you're sane and peaceful and happy. So cereal, you have everything there, whatever throw things away and only keep one thing, you want." And they said, "Why don't you do the present moment, what's happening now. that in the monastery?" "No, no, we only That becomes the first way of letting go, have a bit of cereal and that's it." "And then learning to throw things out. And stop what do you do in the morning?" "And then keeping so much, especially don't keep the we work hard at Bodhinyana Monastery." past or the future. Second way of letting go We do these amazing chores, you know is just learning what freedom truly is. And building, and even I do that, and if you go this particular story is an anecdote when down to the retreat centre, we're doing this one of our monks, when I was too busy ramp and I was spending two days cutting doing all these other things, we used to go the bricks, it was a huge angle grinder, teaching in prisons, but another monk really heavy work, getting myself all dusty. I started teaching in prison. When he started like some joining in when there's any teaching in prison, this was in Casuarina concrete work. Tell the story once with Prison, at one of the top-security jails. After doing concrete work, when you do concrete a while the prisoners there said "Can you work, even as a monk, you get it all stay back a bit longer, we want to sort of splashed all over you. So you know just talk to you, just find out about you." So he boys being boys, I'm still a boy you know, stayed back a little bit longer, they gave him still just maybe a bit old to be a boy, but I a cup of tea and some chocolate now if you still like getting myself all dirty. So I got all give a monk a cup of tea and chocolate, this concrete on top of me, as I was walking they're gonna stay forever, so he stayed back to my hut to have a shower, I passed a behind for a bit of tea and chocolate. They Sri Lankan woman and she was in this started asking him questions about life in a really expensive sari, she was visiting the Buddhist monastery in the West. What do monastery. She came up to me and I'll you guys do? Have you ever wondered never forget this, she said, "Uh... I've come what we do in our monastery? So he said, to see the abbot Ajahn Brahm." I thought "Okay, the day in the life of a monk, we get very quickly and I said, "Madam, if you go to up at four o'clock in the morning." And just the hall over there he'll probably be there in at that the prisoners were aghast. "Four about fifteen minutes." That was enough o'clock in the morning! Even in prison, you time for me to go to my room, get a shower don't have to get up at that time." And the and get changed into some clean robes. So monk he did actually make a qualification, I went up to the hall, and there she was he said, "Actually it's voluntary, it's optional, waiting, and I said, "Oh! I'm Ajahn Brahm," getting up at four o'clock in the morning," you know she never recognized me. That's which is true, it's optional, you can always how dirty I was. I gave her a nice talk, you get up earlier, if you want to, that's the know about the monastery and about option. "And then what do you do?," and he Buddhism, what we're doing here and she told them, "We meditate." They said, "Can't was really impressed, so just before she left you just watch the end of the late night she said, "You know you've got a really movie?" He said, "No, we don't have TVs." good monastery, are you're a really good "You don't have TVs in the monastery, we monk, but if you don't mind me saying this, I have TVs in our cells in prison, that's saw this really dirty monk when I came here terrible. So what you do then, you have your and I think you should do something about breakfast?" We do have a breakfast at the that." I said, "I'll talk to him later, Ma'am". monastery, we usually have just one cup of Which I did. So that's actually how hard we cereal in it and that's about it, or you know work, and when the prisoners heard this, someone, you know has his noodles, but it's again they were really surprised, 'cause only one cup, that's all. They said, "Wow, yeah, in prison you have to do jobs, but they you know in Casuarina Jail we can have take it real easy in those jails in Australia. bacon, we have pancakes, we can have They said, "They'll never get us to work that hard." They said "And then you have your absolutely disgusted. Even in prison they lunch?" Yeah, we have our lunch, many of put you in that little cot with the mattress on you have been to our monastery, we eat it top, not in our monastery, I sleep on the out of a bowl, everything goes in one bowl. floor. Anyway, the prisoners were actually Sometimes it's true you do get curry on really surprised. They were really surprised, spaghetti. No sorry, I got that wrong, you but not only surprised, they felt sorry for this got custard on spaghetti. That's right, you monk who had been visiting them, and this ever had custard on spaghetti? Why do you is true story, one of them was so upset that say "yuck" for, you've never eaten it, but this man who they got to like was living in actually you're right, it is gross. Sometimes such a hard situation, one of them blurted you have custard on spaghetti. I've had ice out, "That's terrible in your monastery, why cream on curry, chocolate ice cream, yeah, don't you come in here and stay with us that's also yucky. 'Cause you know, you put instead?" And they had a point, it is actually it in your bowl, and for me because I'm the much more comfortable in any prison in senior monk I put it in the bowl myself and I Western Australia than in Bodhinyana give it to somebody to take up, 'cause that's Monastery, or even in Dhammasara Nun's their duty. By the time, they're not really Monastery. So why is it that people are careful, they just shake it all over the place, trying to get out of jail, and they're trying to you know I put it in the right position when I break into our monastery, to stay there, start, by the time it gets up there it's all over waiting lists. That got me thinking, what's the place, but that's life. And they were the difference between our monastery and saying that even in prison, even when you the prison? Prison is actually more go to solitary, you get a tray the custard is comfortable, the monastery is much here, the spaghetti is over there, it's harsher. What's the difference? The only separate compartments. "Don't you have difference is in a monastery people want to compartments in your bowl?" Have a look at be there. In a prison, doesn't matter how our bowls, we don't have separate comfortable it is, people don't want to be compartments, it goes all over the place. there, that's the only difference. From that I They said, "That's disgusting!" "So what you worked out there are many prisons in life. I do in the afternoons?" He said, "We saw the many prisons I've made for myself, meditate." "Can't you sort of play some the many prisons that other people continue music, or sort of play a game of footie or make for themselves, any place you don't something." "No, we're not allowed to play want to be, that's your prison. If you don't footie, we just meditate all afternoon." They like this talk and think, "When's it gonna said, "Don't you get bored?" "No, that's what end?," this hall is your prison, you don't we're supposed to do." "So I suppose you wanna be here. If you're in a relationship hangout for dinner?" "Dinner? We don't which you don't like, your relationship is have dinner in our monasteries, we just eat your prison, you don't wanna be there. If in the morning time, there's no dinner." They you're in a job which is not giving you any said, "Well, even in prison they give you satisfaction, another prison for you. Even a something to eat in the evening and you body which is sick, and you don't wanna be have snacks throughout the day, whatever here, your body is now a prison. Any place you want. So what do you do in the evening you don't wanna be is a prison. However then? You know, can you play cards play there's a very easy way to escape from monopoly or something, pass the time?" He those prisons you make in life, you don't said "No, we can't do that." "Don't tell us" need to change your husband, your wife, they said, You meditate, don't you?" "Yeah, you don't need even to change your job, of course we do." "Oh God, that must be you don't even need to get better with your terrible. Then what time do you go to bed?" sickness, all you need to do is to change And the monk said, "Bed? Bed?... we don't your attitude and want to be here. When have beds, I sleep on the floor." They were you want to be here, you're free. Doesn't matter sort of how painful, uncomfortable it of the donors of this place. Even in our is, as long as you want to be here then retreat centre which cost over five million, you're free. That's called contentment, that's many people donated many, many small the second way of letting go, want to be sums and big sums, but there's not even here whatever here happens to be. That's one sign in that retreat centre opposite our one of the most powerful attitudes, monastery of who gave what. There's a especially when you're meditating, and also reason for that, because we encourage other times in your life. When your giving expecting nothing back in return, if meditating, it doesn't matter what you're you give donation and expect to have your experiencing, you can be dull, sleepy, name inscribed over the entrance of that restless, thinking all sorts of weird things in hall which you donated, that's not called your head but if you want to be here you giving, that's called buying advertising feel peace and freedom. If you wanna be rights, selling your name, that's not real somewhere else you'll always feel this giving. So for us the way Buddha described tension and suffering. The great trick is, you it, it's giving expecting nothing back in don't need to change anything except your return. So what does that mean, you're attitude and want to be here. Not only when letting go. When you get married and have you're meditating, there are many other a relationship, are you giving or are you times in your life, so you're stuck in a traffic expecting something back in return? Are jam, you got no choice, it's not gonna move you really letting go? Too often we expect faster because you get angry. So when things back in return and that causes a you're stuck in a traffic jam, want to be huge amount of suffering in life, and our there, and if you want to be here it causes expectations never get realized. You'll find you no stress at all, you feel perfectly free that much of your life is expectations being and at ease and peace, in the traffic jams of frustrated, being thwarted, all the things that your life. When you want to go somewhere were promised to you when you were and you can't, the only thing that stress is, is young, which are expected from life, how "I want to be somewhere else, I don't wanna many of them have you reached and got? be here." Just like in a prison, if you want to Mostly, very few. When you get married, be here, you're free. There comes a time when you get your job, when you get out in when you're dying, you're sick and in pain, the workplace, when you go traveling, you and I've seen so many people struggle at have so many expectations, and the more that time, and it's so sad and desperate to expectations you have the less you can see, so when that's you in your last enjoy the trip which is your relationship or moments of life, just all the struggle, it's not your life. If you can go into your relationship going to get you anywhere, there's no giving expecting nothing at all, see what escape, you're dying. So don't make a happens, you'll get a huge amount of prison of your body at the very end, instead, fulfilment. Even when you meditate, those want to be there, if you want to be there people who meditate expected to get you're totally free. That's the second way of something, they're the ones who cause all letting go, want to be here. The other, third the problems. If you want to get way of letting go, this all comes from the enlightened, if you want to get peace or if Dhammacakkapavattana Sutta, The Third you want to get rid of your cancer, if you're Noble Truth, the Buddha said letting go of doing it to expect some thing, there'll never craving leads to enlightenment. I've already be any peace for you. That's why again mentioned two of the ways he said to let go. quoting Ajahn Chah, he used to say, "You The third way of letting go, it's called giving. meditate not to get something, not to attain Not ordinary giving but giving expecting things, you meditate to let go." It's an act of nothing back in return. In this hall here, this giving expecting nothing back in return, of hall has been built for a long time, there's no emptying, of letting go. It's a beautiful way sign saying who gave this, there's no names of living life. Whenever I've give any talks I don't expect anything back in return and cats are like, so proud. But anyway who usually I don't get anything, you know even cares whether the cat lets me pat it or this evening, not the right cup of tea, I don't stroke it or whatever, I don't care, I just love expect it anyway, who cares. So whenever giving. So actually, you do give expecting you do anything, you don't expect anything nothing back in return, you give to your cats back. Sometimes people get quite surprised and dogs and other people. Sometimes at that. There was somebody rang me up mothers give to their kids, they just want to once from here, it was a Polish lady, give, they're not thinking of getting anything actually I remember her, and she rang me back in return. That's a beautiful way of up and said, "Are you giving a talk ?" I said, letting go. So why don't you give to life, give "Yeah, I'm given a talk " here in this centre. all your kindness, your love, your energy to She said, "How much do you have to pay to life, expecting nothing back in return and get in?" I said, "Nothing, you don't have to then you know what letting go is and what pay anything to get in," you all know that, the spiritual life is all about. It's not what I'm and she stopped awhile and she said, "You getting out of this, it's what I can give. And don't understand me, how much money do of course I've given my whole life to this, you have to pay to get through the door?" I that's why I'm so rich, not materially, but said, "Madam, you don't have to give any with happiness and health and peace. That money to go through the door. You just becomes the third way of letting go, giving, come in and listen, if you don't like it you go giving to your partner not expecting out again." Then she paused again, she anything back in return, giving to life not said, "LISTEN, how much dollar and cents expecting anything back in return, giving all do I have to cough up to come listen to your your energy to this moment expecting talk?" I said "Madam, you don't have to nothing back. It's called the third way of cough up anything. You don't have to pay letting go, just no expectations. When you any money to go in, you don't have to pay have no expectations life becomes so any money to go out, we don't give you sort interesting, you're not demanding anything, of brochures and propaganda, you know, just life gives you so much, it usually gives which would ask you money afterwards, it's you what you least expect. You have much totally for free, just come in and listen and more fun that way, you don't anticipate you go out again afterwards." And then she things, all the gifts of life come as a great paused, I always remember this pause surprise, "I never expected that, isn't that because I knew that she was really wonderful," life becomes far more enjoyable surprised, and then she asked with utmost that way. And the fourth way of letting go is sincerity, "Well, what do you guys get out of called having the teflon mind, where nothing this then?" She couldn't believe that you can sticks to it. So you have this beautiful do something expecting nothing back in experience now, don't try and take notes return, you just give. That becomes such a and try and remember what's being said so beautiful way of living a life, just to give you can make sure you act this way in the expecting absolutely nothing back in return. future, so you can be a better human being, Why? Because it's just a joy to give. I think I you don't need to try to remember these mentioned a few weeks ago here, every things, these things will stick in your mind morning when I'm having my breakfast the anyway. So don't try and collect things or cat comes up to steal my milk. So you know allow things to stick to you, you have this usually I've got enough but sometimes I go beautiful moment, enjoy it now knowing it's without, at least I have half instead of the gonna go, so you can be free for the next whole which I usually have. So the cat, so I moment to come. Then let that go too and give to the cat, do I get anything back in all the happiness and the unhappiness of return for the cat? No, licks its thing, sniffs life never stick to you, which means that you and goes away, never says "thank you", not can always be free for the next moment, not even a meow from the cat, you know what allowing the last moment to influence this one, you just flow through life, and again was once a professor of philosophy here in collecting no mementos, expecting nothing Perth, Yeah ... the experience is important, for the future. Someone says something which we are now going to see with the wrong to you, it just goes right through you. simile of the professor and... Ahh, As I say, why we have two ears? If you look experience is past when it's interpreted from very carefully, one says "in," the other one the knowledge of your past, in other words says "out." So that way we don't need to you take the experience and you compare it keep anything, that way all of the, even the with something else, which means it happy moments, we can let those go too, becomes limited by the past. To learn the because be careful, if you keep the happy words actually stand in the way of truth, moments that gives you so much that's why that in meditation we learn how to expectations, so much comparisons, it's be absolutely quiet, to feel and to know, that means you can't enjoy the next moment. becomes the truth in the same way that the How to let go of all the moments, happy and student of Lao Tzu could actually see... sad moments of the past, so you got this didn't see the sunset, only saw the words, mind, this body, this life to which nothing and that great Taoist master made a very sticks, which means you can always enjoy good comment that it is the person if they whatever's happening next, not allowing the wanna see the sunset they gotta put aside past to stop you being free in the present. all the words, descriptions, the words, And that especially goes with all your actually block the experience that's it. Okay, knowledge and understanding, sometimes back to the professor. There was a when we learn something, it sticks to us and professor who of philosophy, in the it makes us so, if you don't mind me saying, university... whenever you mention a conceited, that we cannot face the reality of professor of philosophy in Buddhism they the present moment. People with too much always get a bad rap, so if there are any knowledge can never understand the truth professors over here, I do apologize, it's just of now. That's why, again, one of my other our tradition. But this professor of favorite sayings is, "Never allow knowledge philosophy, He found out there was a new to stand in the way of truth, never allow five-star restaurant opening in Perth, and he knowledge to stand in the way of truth." wanted to go there to test out the food, so Knowledge is all that you've learned, all you he made an appointment, he rang up, there expect to be, which means when you expect was a two-month waiting list, that's how something to be, when you know what it's popular the restaurant was. And so two- all about, it means then that blocks you from month waiting list, he decided to book his seeing the truth and the uniqueness of place there anyway, and when he booked what's happening right now. And too many his place there, two months later, he walked people, even know too much about up at the restaurant. And of course they Buddhism, so they can never understand it, wanted to see his ID, to make sure he'd they can never understand the truth of this really booked a place. And so they checked moment, what's actually happening right his ID and yes he was booked in. So he now. They can never be at peace with this went in, the maitre d' took him to his table, moment, they can never be free, they can he sat down at the table and a waiter came, never have real happiness no matter what you know these really well-dressed waiters, happens to them in their life. Why? Because and gave him the menu. And this menu was they always allow their knowledge to stand in thick parchment, and the menu was in the way of truth. So remember all the written in gold letters and calligraphy, even knowledge are just the sign posts, it's just the menu was a work of art, as you would the directions, it's not the real thing. The last expect in an expensive restaurant, this is no simile an old simile but a great one. To fish and chip shop, this is a top-class five- understand what I mean by not allowing star restaurant. So he looked at the menu knowledge to stand in a way of truth, There and then he ate the menu and then he paid and left. Because the professor had no idea you became like a Thai, you saw it with Thai of the difference between the menu and the eyes. And one of the things you saw was food. Do you get it? Too often the menu is totally unexpected, what I was saying at the one's knowledge, and the food, what you retreat was in those nine years, the eat, is the experience, which is why I said monastery I was staying most of the time never allow knowledge to stand in the way was a cremation ground. So all the villagers of truth. So we let go of all of that, 'cause in the local area used that place for the too many people say "But the Buddha said, funerals. So we'd do the funeral, we'd see but Jesus said, but the experts say, but the all the villagers, they'd come, bring their government says," or whatever. So what? dead, we'd do all the chanting and the It's interesting you know maybe sort of services, we'd see them that afternoon, that pointing you in the right direction, that's evening, the next day. And there was what they said but what did they mean, something very strange, there was no grief, where were they pointing to, and that's the they just didn't cry, not just cry, they weren't experience which you have. So by having a even sad when somebody died. This was teflon mind you become this beautiful free not suppressing their grief because you saw mind which can actually see things as they them every day, they just, wasn't there, it are rather than see things as your told that was a culture in which grief was absent and they are. So learn how to be free, is all the that really shocked me, and I was there nine ways of letting go. Little things, I was telling years so this was no just, short visit, and I people at the retreat that some, I told the thought that was impossible because my story, an example of this, in the nine years learning had said that when you lose that I was living in northeast Thailand, this someone you love you have to have grief. was a place where Western culture had not The truth of the matter, there was no grief reached, the countries surrounding Thailand there. Can you see? And sometimes people had been colonized but Thailand had say that's impossible, it was there, can you escaped, and whatever Westerners went see how people, they can't see the truth into Thailand, they were all in Bangkok, because of their learning. Never allow your some in Chiang Mai, but the part of learning to block the truth. So a lot of times Thailand I was in, no Westerners had been we have to let go, even our learning and our there. And this is not exaggeration, I went to assumptions in order to see the truth, and some villages in that place and I was the that's having what I call this teflon mind. first Westerner the villagers had seen. I Otherwise you'd have all these assumptions remember one occasion going on alms of who your husband is, who your enemies round in the morning, and I was the first are, who your friends are, what life is all white man they'd seen in the village, and so about, and that will block you seeing what's they were putting food in the bowl, and it's a really out there. And life is totally surprising, big bowl and but they were looking at me at least as far as I'm concerned, what I've and all the food was falling outside, the seen in my life. Even like Indonesia, my trip dogs were eating it all, thank you very to Indonesia, that's where all the Muslim much, because I was the first Westerner terrorists are, you know all the Bali they saw. But because of that it was like an bombers, they came from over there, but I indigenous culture which had not been had such a wonderful time with the Muslims, tainted by the West and it was fascinating to they came to all my talks, we had photos observe that from inside, because I was a together, got interviewed and photographed monk, as a monk you weren't some sort of in the Muslim newspapers. Even one visitor, you had a place in that social Muslim family, they came to the airport, they hierarchy, you were in the middle of that just caught me in time, said "Oh, Ajahn social hierarchy, you were not an outsider Brahm, Ajahn Brahm you must sign our so you were treated like a Thai, you were book, it's the best book we've ever had." So expected to behave like a Thai, and soon this whole Muslim family in the veils and everything, me in the middle with the book, you'll find that most of the problems of life, having a last photograph taken together. you can overcome. There's a time when you Isn't that wonderful, when people of different work hard, when you carry things, you do religions can have so much fun together. your duties and jobs. There has to be the Did you expect that? That was the truth. So time when you just put things down and let a lot of the times when we think, "Oh, go. Muslims, they don't like Buddhists," that's actually what stops us seeing the truth. So remember, just have a teflon mind, don't allow these things to stick 'cause they'll stop you from experiencing the truth. So these are four ways of letting go. And those four ways again are just throwing things away, I'm not talking about throwing your material possessions away but throwing those mental stuff which you keep, the past and the future, worried about the future and all this other stuff which you worry about, throw it out. And be simple, and be free, have few possessions, don't carry so many rocks in the backpack on top of your mind. And number two is learning how to be content. It's wonderful having mobile phones, isn't that wonderful? So be content that it's ringing, 'cause it's gonna ring anyway, you Noble Truth, which explains that if we want can't do anything about it, so be happy to be to reach enlightenment and be free of all here. Actually very nice music, thank you so suffering we have to follow and practice the much, it's very rare that monks hear music path called the Noble Eightfold Path, so in you know, because we're not allowed to effect there are eight things that we need to hear music, so it's very wonderful to hear train in. The Noble Eightfold Path comprises this, thank you so much. So be content and of eight different aspects about ourselves happy no matter what's happening. Number that we need to monitor, practice and three, is actually, whatever you do just give perhaps change to ensure that they're in expecting nothing back in return, so I don't line with our spiritual aspirations, which are expect thanks, so I don't expect anything presumably to lead a moral life based on back, so whether you like this talk that's compassion and wisdom. So the Buddha your problem, I've just given my talk, I've summarized the eight trainings in the Noble done my duty and that's it, so I don't expect Eightfold Path. There are two trainings in anything back in return, I just give 'cause I wisdom, three trainings in morality and three love giving, I love teaching, I love serving, I trainings in meditation. In the Pali language love being kind, and seeing what you need these are known as panna, sila and next. So that's my joy, so thank you for samadhi. The first of the eight is Right View. giving me the chance to teach, that's all I Right View, is also known as Right need, nothing back in return, and that's Understanding and it comes first in the beautiful 'cause then you're free, with no sequence of eight, because it acts like a expectations. And last of all, have a teflon core principle that guides the seven other mind, which nothing sticks, so don't keep trainings. In the beginning Right View helps things especially your thoughts, even your us to steer our behavior towards cultivating knowledge, so you can be free. And then wholesome actions which helps direct us you understand what letting go is, and if you towards peace and liberation, rather than can do that from time to time in your life, further from it. Then in the end Right View is And why do we try to remove these? Why representative of the wisdom that we gain do we try to renounce these? Because they from our meditative realizations and this cause us so much pain for ourselves, as only comes as a result of having practiced well as others. Intention of renunciation also the seven other trainings. So Right View is means letting go of the belief that happiness important in the beginning, middle and end is to be found in things that are external to of the path, all the way up to Enlightenment. us. I mean, society tells us that happiness is Right View is perhaps the hardest for to be found in acquiring more and more beginners to understand and practice, so I things, yet the Buddha taught that will come back to it at the end of this section happiness isn't found in external objects and go over the seven other trainings first. and their acquisition, or through increasing The second training of wisdom is the our craving and desires, but through finding practice of Right Intention. The Buddha the inner happiness that is within us instead. explained Right Intention as having the So having an intention of renunciation intention of renunciation, the intention of means we slowly loosen the grasp of our goodwill and the intention of harmlessness. craving and attachment to external things so Having an intention of renunciation... one we can start to find the peace and way we can look at this is that it means our happiness that lies within our minds, which intentions should be more selfless rather we can find through the practice of than selfish, and so we're not motivated by meditation and mindfulness. Now the next personal greed so much, in fact, we're one is Intention of Goodwill. Having an renouncing selfishness! Practicing more intention of goodwill means we should act selfless behavior helps us to move away with the attitude of good-will and love as from fortifying our own egos and always opposed to ill-will and anger. Our actions of coming from a place of self-centeredness. body, speech and mind should resonate Instead we need to recognize that everyone with the wish to help others and make them is the same boat as us, in wanting happy. Anger is something that affects us happiness and avoiding pain, so we should all, in various degrees. If we do have anger try to live in a way that helps the majority or ill-will towards anyone then the Buddha instead of trying to secure the happiness of prescribes the meditation of loving-kindness just one being, you know, this separate self, to help us eradicate these tendencies of ill- this individual 'I'. The Buddha taught that will or anger. It's said that our mind's true we're all interconnected, so renouncing nature is one of love, peace and wishing selfishness and selfish pursuits and working other's happiness, so it is this state that the towards the greater good is considered Buddha wants us to tap back into. The last more in line with true reality than what we part of Right Intention is the Intention of might first realize or appreciate. Intention of Harmlessness. Having an intention of renunciation also means living a life more harmlessness means we should be inclined towards peace and letting go. motivated by compassion and not wanting Renunciation doesn't necessarily mean to cause or increase the suffering of others. becoming monks and nun, and renouncing This means we refrain from harming others our families and living in a cave to meditate. in any way, such as through physical It could mean that but mostly it means violence, verbal abuse, mental manipulation renouncing our greed, our anger, our or power games. Actually this intention of jealousy and other harmful emotions. The harmless should be employed in anything Buddha said that he who has renounced his and everything that we set out to achieve. impurities is called a renunciate. So the We should always carefully consider the impurities we are seeking to renounce are ramification of all our actions to ensure that our mental impurities or defilements of it doesn't cause harm or suffering in any greed, aversion, pride and jealousy which way to any living creature. The next three all arise from ignorance and selfishness. trainings in the Noble Eightfold Path are the three trainings of morality. These include spotlight is because the Buddhist path is a the practice of Right Speech, Right Action path of training our minds towards and Right Livelihood. In essence, we try to wholesome and virtuous habits. If we practice these because it helps us to have a repeatedly engage in killing and violence, mind that is kind, open and free of stealing or being unfaithful in relationships, discursive thought, and this allows us to it's going to strengthen these unwholesome achieve deeper levels of concentration mental factors or defilements in our mind when we meditate. We cannot become until they become dominant and natural enlightened unless we meditate, but we patterns of our thought and behavior. Then cannot meditate if we're constantly creating in the future we will more easily do non- unease in our minds. So the three trainings virtuous things without giving it a second in morality help create a building block or thought. Now at the moment, we might not stable foundation for our meditation to be kill other sentient beings out of violence or supported on and this in turn allows for wishing them harm, but we do strengthen realizations and greater wisdom to occur. our disregard for the suffering of others And remember these practices of morality every time we take the life of another. And if are also motivated by Right Intention, the we want to cultivate a mind of compassion training which came before these. So you and love, we have to refrain from behavior will notice that these trainings of Right that is antithetical to this. Taking another Speech, Right Action and Right Livelihood being's life is not compassionate as it takes are geared towards acting out of away the very thing all beings value most - compassion and refraining from causing which is their right to live and breathe. The harm towards others. So the first is the Buddha said: In this matter the noble practice of Right Speech. The Buddha disciple reflects: 'Here am I, fond of my life, advised us that Right Speech means not not wanting to die, fond of pleasure and lying, not engaging in slanderous or divisive averse from pain. Suppose someone should speech, refraining from abusive or harsh deprive me of my life, it would not be a thing speech and refraining from idle gossip or pleasing or delightful to me. If I, in my turn, chatter. Instead our speech should be were to deprive of his life one fond of life, truthful, kind, beneficial and full of love. I not wanting to die, one fond of pleasure and actually want to devote an entire section to averse from pain, it would not be a thing Right Speech because it is such an pleasing or delightful to him. For that state important topic. I mean, how often do we which is not pleasant or delightful to me say things that we later regret, or wish we must be not pleasant or delightful to had some guidelines as to what we should another: and a state undear and unpleasing say and when? So I'll cover this topic in to me, how could I inflict that upon another?' another section in the near future! The next As a result of such reflection he himself training in morality is the practice of Right abstains from taking the life of creatures Action. Right Action means to avoid killing, and he encourages others so to abstain, stealing and sexual misconduct. Sexual and speaks in praise of so abstaining. And misconduct basically refers to being in another sutra the Buddha said: "The unfaithful to our partner or sleeping with disciple, abstaining from the taking of life, someone else's partner. Although these dwells without stick or sword, conscientious, three trainings of killing, stealing and sexual full of sympathy, desirous of the welfare of misconduct are singled out in this training, all living beings." In Buddhism we use the Right Action really means that we should term 'sentient beings' quite a bit. Sentient avoid any behavior that harms others, and beings are said to be any living creature that instead we should perform virtuous deeds has a consciousness and can feel and motivated by compassion, kindness and perceive. So in this we include animals and generosity, for instance. Now the reason the even insects. For those of us who love Buddha brought our actions into the animals, we can see that animals have emotions, and they are worthy of our love all beings have been our mother or our and respect. But for some of us it might be a father in our past lives. Now I can't verify bit harder to appreciate that insects have that for myself, but I took this teaching and their own consciousness too. But why not? decided that every time I came across an If mean if we try to kill an insect they will try animal or insect, or even other humans to run or fly away. So surely they perceive beings, I would mentally name them, 'Mum'. danger, feel threatened and they react to So I saw a spider, I'd mentally greet them, this. I remember when I was doing one of 'Hi, Mum!' If I saw a dog, I'd think 'Hi, Mum!' my retreats, and one day I walking up the If I was served by someone at the local hill, I saw this caterpillar that was rolling shops, I'd think, 'Thanks Mum'. Now, the down the hill and it was covered in bull ants teachings don't just point out what we which were biting it. And it looked to me like shouldn't do, but they also encourage us to this caterpillar was writhing in pain and do the opposite. So in the case of taking life, really fighting for its life. I mean if it wasn't we should practice the opposite and save sentient, wouldn't it just lie there and let the lives. So whenever I could I would save the ants kill it and devour it? But even if we lives of insects drowning in the toilet, or don't believe that insects are sentient, can caught in the spider's web. Or move them we really feel proud of our actions if we off a bike path before they got run over or consciously take the lives of those that are stepped on. And over the years, these two so much smaller and weaker and more things, mentally calling other beings Mum in vulnerable than ourselves? The Buddha my mind, and saving lives, has made it highly praised anyone who abstained from impossible for me to knowingly take the life killing. He said: "He who has renounced of another creature now. No matter how violence towards all living beings, weak or much I might disdain ants when they invade strong, who neither kills nor causes others our kitchen, or hate cockroaches in the to kill - him do I call a holy man. The house, I won't kill them. I'll find an Buddha really stressed the importance of alternative to removing them. I literally can't living a life of non-violence and compassion. kill creatures with my own hands. And this Not only did he include not killing as part of didn't always used to be the case! I used to the Noble Eightfold Path, but he also made kill insects, especially mosquitoes and it the first Buddhist precept or vow taken by spiders and I also used to go fishing. But a lay person, or an ordained monk or nun. through mindfulness of my intentions, which Of course we cannot eliminate all killing, like came through meditating, I realized that I the accidental killing of ants when we walk. killed insects out of fear and aversion, which One of my teachers pointed out that we I don't think is a just reason for killing would need to be suspended in space if we something, and I used to fish because I was wanted to prevent all killing. But the most drawn to the peace and serenity of being by important thing is our attention and the lake and it was nice to share that space intention. We need to examine how aware of peace and silence with the friends that I we are whenever we do things; like fished with. But now I can get that same checking to see whether our actions are payoff when I meditate with others and no possibly causing the death of another. And one has to come to any harm. If we really we should check to see what our intention want to walk the path of peace, we need to was if we did cause the death of another. examine our relationship with this idea of Did they die as a result of our malice or non-killing and compassion. But ultimately, because of our desire for entertainment? whatever we do, the thing that matters most What is important is that we consciously in every situation is our intention. And this is choose to refrain from actions that cause just as important when it comes to the next suffering to others. If we want peace in the training, the training of Right Livelihood. world, it has to start with ourselves and our Right Livelihood makes up the last of the actions in the world. The Buddha said that three trainings in morality. Because we spend so much of waking hours at work, the Right Effort, Right Mindfulness and Right Buddha wanted to ensure that our activities Concentration. The practice of Right Effort there were also in line with living a kind and has four parts. These are: The effort to compassionate life. The Buddha explicitly prevent negative mental states from arising said there are five occupations that we in our mind. For example, preventing anger should avoid. He said: "Monks, a lay or jealousy from arising. The effort to follower should not engage in five types of abandon any negative states of mind that business. Which five? Business in weapons, have arisen. The effort to cultivate positive business in human beings, business in mental states not yet arisen, such as meat, business in intoxicants, and business cultivating compassion in our mind. And the in poison. "These are the five types of effort to maintain these wholesome states of business that a lay follower should not mind that have arisen. These trainings are engage in." So business in weapons refers what really make Buddhism shine, in my to selling guns or weapons that can cause opinion. None of us want to experience the death of others. Business in human negative states of mind such as anger or ill- beings refers to slavery or prostitution. will towards another and Buddhism has Business in meat refers to working as a many different techniques for helping us butcher or in a slaughterhouse. Business in eliminate these states of mind and intoxicants means selling alcohol or illicit preventing them from arising in the future. drugs. And business in poison could mean And the meditations on loving-kindness and manufacturing or selling poison to kill compassion are all about cultivating positive insects or animals. So you can see these mental states and maintaining them. I'm livelihoods directly or indirectly cause going to be doing some sections on these suffering in some way to other beings so meditations in the near future, and actually I they're ones that we should try to avoid. want to devote another future section just to And also when it comes to practicing Right the practice of Right Effort so I can go into Livelihood, it's not just about the actual more detail about these four. So the next occupation that's important, but how we training is the practice of Right Mindfulness. conduct ourselves in our business. For If you've been following my website you instance, it's important to avoid scheming, would have seen that I've been writing a fair deceit or trickery in any of our business bit about mindfulness lately. Anyone would dealings. So these three trainings of have thought that I had covered this topic morality: Right Speech, Right Actions, and thoroughly enough by now! But actually I've Right Livelihood encourage us to act in been saving the best bit for last and that is virtuous, honorable and peaceful ways in how mindfulness is such an important tool the world. Morality is the foundation or basis for cultivating an awareness of our thoughts of all spiritual development if we live a and how this assists us in and out of virtuous life we won't have any regrets or meditation. There's also the importance guilt or worry and our minds will be less mindfulness plays in strengthening the scattered or full of discursive, unwholesome quality of our concentration which ultimately or unhelpful thoughts. Then when we come improves our meditation. So because this is to the cushion to meditate we will be able to quite a big and important topic, I'm going to meditate much better because our minds again dedicate this to another future will be open and carefree. And then it's just section. The last of the trainings in the a matter of disciplining ourselves to training of Meditation is Right meditate on a regular basis so we can move Concentration. Right Concentration means through the stages of meditation to reach we train our minds to be one-pointed and special insight, which is realizing the true focused when we meditate in order to nature of our own mind. Which brings us to achieve a concentrated mind known as the next three trainings - the three trainings Samadhi. Samadhi is a very pure state of of meditation which include the practice of consciousness and awareness. In this state, our mind can stay fixated on a meditation it's literally consumed your waking life and object without wavering and it experiences a just one day you decide to drop it and let it calmness and stability that we would find all go and you suddenly feel this immense hard to comprehend at the moment. If we peace, spaciousness and satisfaction. That continue to meditate in this intensified state is the Third Noble Truth being brought into of concentration it will lead us into the action. And the Fourth Noble Truth is the jhanas which are necessary stages of practice of this Noble Eightfold Path. So by meditative absorption that we must pass practicing the path of morality and through in order to gain special insight and meditation, we will start to see how this become awakened. Now getting back to the really is a path to peace and happiness and training of Right View. Right View ensures then our faith in the Fourth Noble Truth will that our behaviour, speech and thoughts are be ignited. It can take time to really being born from a mind that is infused with appreciate the Four Noble Truths at a heart wisdom and compassion and that our level. But if you want to try and internalize behaviour is in line with these principles. So this teaching a little bit more, you might what does wisdom mean here? It means want to try this exercise. Next time you find having an understanding of the true nature yourself experiencing some suffering, look of reality and seeing things as they really deeply at what the underlying craving might are. It means we have penetrated the Four be. What is the craving that's not being Noble Truths and seen the truth of them for fulfilled here? Is it our craving for love, ourselves. Since the Four Noble Truths are attention, praise, validation? Whatever it is, directly tied into Right View, I'll quickly recap once you've recognized it, we can then on its importance and how it relates to our employ wisdom and compassion to let it go right understanding of the world. As I and through this we'll begin to experience explained in my previous section, true peace. But meanwhile if we're still understanding the First Noble Truth means struggling with the Four Noble Truths, we that we recognize that all phenomena are can still practice the seven other trainings in impermanent and unsatisfactory. We can the Noble Eightfold Path. And I should also see that no matter what happiness we find mention that Right View isn't restricted to in our daily lives, it isn't everlasting and it simply understanding the Four Noble cannot provide constant satisfaction. Truths. It also incorporates an Instead, we're always left with this feeling of understanding that not only is all wanting more, wanting more happiness and compounded phenomena impermanent and pleasure while we do everything we can to unsatisfactory, but that it's also empty of avoid pain. And it's this craving for inherent existence. Again, this emptiness of happiness, as outlined in the Second Noble inherent existence is something I will go into Truth, that drives our behavior and more detail in another future section. And ultimately our dissatisfaction because we lastly Right View means having a correct aren't able to feel absolute contentment in understanding of karma and appreciating what we have at the present moment. But if that all actions have karmic consequences. we examine carefully we will notice that Meaning that wholesome actions lead to there are moments when we do experience favorable results and unwholesome actions great peace and satisfaction. These are lead to negative results. So in brief, Right times when we're completely content in the View consists of understanding the moment and we're desiring absolutely relevance of the Four Noble Truths, the role nothing more or different. Like when you're of karma and realizing the nature of sitting by the lake on a nice spring day and phenomena as being impermanent, you feel so content as if you could just sit unsatisfactory and without a permanent or there forever. There isn't a trace of craving inherent existence. As I mentioned before, in your mind. Or when you've been desiring Right View is perhaps the hardest of the after something or someone for so long, that eight of the Noble Eightfold Path to understand and practice. Whereas the other trainings, such as Right Speech and Right Mindfulness, may seem much more straightforward and practical. Again, don't worry if it doesn't all make sense to you at the moment. I'll put links below to some e- books that you can read more about the Buddhist an atheistic religion does it believe Noble Eightfold Path. My explanation of it is in that God if it doesn't why doesn't you only one way of presenting these teachings, know what is a Buddhist position about this so before you either agree with them or and the first part of this talk no maybe just a dismiss them, I highly recommend that you bit of information about the Buddhist stand do a bit more reading about this subject. So on a God and some interesting things which in summary, these trainings are really many of you may not know but the most inviting us to embark on a big adventure - to important part of this talk is that actually as know and understand the workings of our far as Buddhism is concerned it's better if own mind, to become aware of our one does not believe in a supernatural intentions and how to live peacefully and being because there is some very very compassionately in the world. These grave consequences and such a belief in trainings are the first steps towards your ordinary life so I'm going to take the uprooting unwholesome and harmful states Buddhist view and point it point out that of mind and instead cultivating qualities in actually that you can become a wiser more ourselves that we probably admire in others. compassionate person without such beliefs By coming to know the psychology of our which can sometimes obstruct you no one's own mind, we will slowly start to see that we feeling of what's right and what's are the creators of our own happiness. And compassionate but let's go from the very by practicing the Noble Eightfold Path, we'll beginning that sometimes people ask you find that it's a path of self-purification of our know is Buddhism an atheistic religion what minds and a path that will lead to is a Buddhist take on a god but first of all it realization, awakening, freedom and is to go to the ancient scriptures 2500 years happiness. So that's all from me. I hope this ago now when the Buddha was around and section wasn't too long. As I said, I'll be of course he mentioned just the idea of a covering some of these topics in greater God which is very common at that time and detail in future sections. So please as far as the Buddha was concerned it subscribe to my channel, please like and wasn't just a theory but because of these share this section if you found it helpful, great powers which you can get through leave me a comment below and check out meditation you understand just how this my website enthusiasticbuddhist.com for universe works and just how sort of a God more information on Buddhism and can come into being but the idea of like meditation. what we call like a Creator God in other words someone who starts this universe go with something which was just not really sort of important for Buddhism because as far as people who could meditate were concerned by developing the mind in such powerful states of mind not only you can recollect past lies but not one but many and sometimes those lies go back a long long time in other words before this universe began to the previous one so even this know was when I first read this was where to stand 2,500 years ago the Buddha was saying yeah he recollected ninety-six eons mind is and just how as a Buddha said in that's 95 BIGBANG's which was quite his first verse of the Dhammapada it is astounding why 96 that's just what he could much more powerful than anything else as a remember because what actually happens chief world's command God for the mind is when we develop in meditation you not really disturbed by the coming and going understand what this mind is I mentioned that this universe I'm not talking about some this to you before but this is an experience God man I'm talking about your mind and a which you can have for yourself you very very very deep meditation she can understand how independent this mind is understand that not as the belief as a truth from the body not just this body but from the this gives a bit of a world view of many eons physical plane as well from Buddha's that coming and going many big bangs and the we've always had those six senses you last time I checked out what physicists were know the five senses of the body and the doing was professor Epstein of nothing was mind which is independent not as if the UCLA was also just proposing not sort of a mind is some sort of by-product ever having multiple universes but a serial universe is a brain and somehow contingent on this one after the other after the other and of material world but totally independent if course it makes a logical sense if you had anything this material world is contingent on one Big Bang why not another he's really the brain and certainly that was something weird just have one Big Bang just one why which came up when I was a physicist and not - why not three why not many when a especially no really understanding some of whole serial universes goes on and on and the great things like quantum physics to see on and on and to me this is so beautiful not just they affect the mind house on this world only beautiful but it gives more of an idea of and he can say in a sort of a valid way of just what the would have actually taught so saying that your mind actually does create in those serial universes nowhere is an idea the world in a much more powerful direct of a Creator God and there's ancient suitors sense and people think it's not the way we if have you actually look at them one of the had just imagined it but we can actually things they actually mentioned there was create things with our mind and seeing that that there is a being this isn't a Buddhist the mind is so independent of this world as suitors who assumes he is to create a God far as Buddhist cosmology are big not world actually shouldn't say he because it's an it view but not even universe for you but Multi this isn't Buddhism are he not a she but an universe views is that this might is totally it there's a reason for that which I'll say in a independent and so if the body dies the mic few moment and it assumes it's a god and is still carry on even if this universe the reason is because it was once this disappears so mind can still carry on and he universe one of many was formed it was the carries on in those realms which you can first mind if you like which actually access in this very party the China realm descended from those jhana realms into this says people who access these deep states universe and which we are now sitting the of meditation where the mind is so still you first being yeah there's a first being when can't feel the body the body disappears as everything is great it's always the first no senses they people can talk to you you person who moves into a house so it and of just don't live - can't hear they can have an course it descended from a jhana realm explosion you just don't listen to it just five those down of realms is no there's no senses are turned off you're in the realm of gender sign when you have bodies and the mind and that's at realm which people things you can have a gender for that God can access when there's no other place to isn't it not a girl not a boy but and it okay go when the physical realm disappears and there's a reason for that because it's okay so this jhana realm is something which not material okay and so that descended you have the experience it gives you and because it had no memory at all about another understanding it just of what this where it came from it just came into this universe the cinders were it was the very Gnostic Christian Church and has some first and so other people came in afterwards amazing teachings in there which is so it sought it was the chief of the first the close to Buddhism things like if you know creator and according to some of the suitors the truth of yourself you know the truth of all know the Buddha actually went up to the the things said Jesus Christ in the Gnostic realm where God existed this not Creator Gospels Wow but interestingly they also God but of being a thinks is God I call it have this is a Gnostic Christianity ok first maha brahma mahad brahma and producer century in of our Common Era there they and actually taught it nome how brahma have their God in heaven saying I am the knows other beings there before you you firstborn the chief the powerful the all- just need to forgot okay you're not the powerful and then he hears a voice no creator you're not the first born it's just you're not the other beings much superior you're part of this whole series and the than you who said that I don't know who Buddha could do that because you know said that who was that who said that now had those great recollections and that is actually in Gnostic Christianity also interestingly this was no sports suitors in showing that another being who takes Buddhism if any of you are interested themselves to be a God is not the all- interest know the ancient teachings look up powerful that's a delusion there is no creator what we call the NAG Hammadi library god this universe comes and that's the far which was the teachings of the Gnostic as a physicist is concerned there's no need Christianity early Christianity had three for a creator god as far as physics is streams they had a Jewish Christianity concerned and that's probably the most which was destroyed and just another logical of the sciences and the most harder branch of Judaism destroyed in 70 AD of the sciences you know the most evidence- the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem based there's no need for a creator god this by the Romans and that left two strands of universe can very easily evolve without one Christianity the one which was centered in it's not necessary for someone actually to Rome and the one which was not centered press the button to start the universe it anywhere called the Gnostic Christianity basically the law is it can happen it will which had no hierarchy total freedom happen and it has happened many many everybody was know their own wise person times so that was the the case of a Buddhist no priest no bishops and it was a very very idea of a god yes is of being there it's a loose and what we do even call modern deluded being but it is not a creator type of Christianity because it didn't have powerful yes but not all-powerful and any hierarchical on the organization it was certainly because they're not all-powerful very easily destroyed by the Roman Church and stuck because of still a deluded being which gained presidency and that's the only like the other beings in the universe still church we know of course when they subject to anger can be very kind but not all gained presidency over the Gnostics they the time just another being like any other in tried to destroy all of their scriptures but this universe but more potent very powerful when you try to destroy things I'm not quite the nice thing about that is that it shows that sure why this happens but it's always the all the beings in this universe isn't matter law there's always something survived and where they're born now they all basically in about 1945 some archeologists who were similar in their sense of they they want to in southern Egypt coastal town of Nakumatt have an ego herself you know we get angry II saw somebody burning these ancient sometimes with sometimes kind just like you papyruses on their fire just to get there to and me so it's an ordinary being in this make their meal and realize these were very universe and that was actually the position ancient and found out these were again sort of of Buddhism with a God so we discovered in the cave these were old always put it a God with a small G not a teachings from the 1st century AD of the creator God not an all-powerful God and then actually solves a lot of problems you chaplain sort of in a university over in the know for us know for many people because East he said I have so easy he says a it was I think of st. Augustine this is no Christian chaplain to work with other quoting Christianity who once said look the Christians were the Buddhist with the idea of like a creator all-powerful all-loving Muslims with the Jews with the Hindus but God it's totally logical because if they're all- the people who find it so hard to deal with is powerful they can't be all laughing if they're the evangelical Christians and the born- all loving they can't be all-powerful why agains and he said well but classic can you because there's suffering there's suffering if give me some advice i what to do with the there was all-powerful and all-loving why evangelical christians and without missing a didn't I do something about it and it's one of beat Abbot Placid a Benedictine Catholic the obvious concerns and one that which a abbot said take them out yes yes the way lot of times people do so faith an all- you said it was just people first are laughing powerful all-loving God because you just here's an average saying take them out and have cancel you see your mother with so would you need to kill them and said no dementia or you have you know see don't take them out one by one take them earthquakes you see so tsunamis you see outside by themselves and talk to them one or just the ordinary paying in in this life kids by one because when they're in a group with cancer kids dying so why does that they support each other and they're just as happen and they from even this was 1500 hopeless individual you can actually get years ago they said well look if there is a through to them but the same part I think God which is all-powerful it's obviously not was actually the fellow is quite what I'm kind because if it's all-powerful II could do Frank Brennan I think he's quite a sort of a something but doesn't you know if they are famous sort of I think he's a Jesuit I think all kind and all-powerful they want to do that based over East and he asked me this something but they can't the great little question just art was he said what's the argument but importance and we put that Buddhist idea of a God and so I took it aside because there is a person now some deeper you know than just no quoting or years ago that's just giving you some scriptures and I said well look the fellow background of canonically or sort of sitting next to me I but Placid I've known it theoretically according to no Buddhism in for such a long time and we have these the suitors what actually God is defined as great discussions about Buddhism and but to take this to a much much better level Christianity and spiritual stuff and I really at a conference and interfaith conference it respect him I never looked down upon him was actually for chaplains some years ago and I said one thing which he wants and there I was giving a a session together with they're not told me once but it used to tell my late good friend Abbot Placid from the me many many times he said one of his Benedictine monastery in New Norcia now core beliefs one of his things which drove he died last year and he became a good him throughout his life was the realization friend we did lots of stuff together in fact that he said that everybody everybody was one person said that you know we had so searching for God that was what he said much fun together they were like more now I respect this guy so I said let's take command wise we should do a road show that statement by from someone I respect together throughout Australia because he so what was i searching for what are you had a good sense of humor I had a good searching what are people actually sense of you when we actually bounced off searching for in life what people are each other but we were doing this little and searching for in life you know it's truth he was outrageous sometimes for example meaning love peace kindness isn't that what one thing wished and one of my abiding you're coming here for what sort of drives memories he's at this conference as you in your life the search for truth love somebody asked him he said look I'm a peace contentment is it well if this fellow sitting next to me said everyone is anything sort of fully and as everything was searching for God and this is what people some grey and down in that place I'm not are searching for then that's what God must gonna tell the old gray joke I've sailed that mean so in Buddhism I said God means too many times but everything is gray and peace love contentment fulfillment so does boring and down and depressing and one of he call that God and I said and I'll say yeah I the monks was looking through the window believe in that and in confronting father one morning feeling very sort of homesick forbidden was actually quite happy and for the jungles and brightness of Thailand satisfied with that saying that was an and he saw us in the early morning drizzle answer which was meaningful so as far as cold he saw a homeless man who was Buddhism is concerned if it's like a Creator hunched in a doorway trying to escape the God if there's an all-powerful God in no way worst of the cold and the rain and I need to that was even a Buddhist or denied that but know those people these are people who if you have the impersonal God you notice would overcome the cold of the night by what I've said you know the things which taking the cheapest form of alcohol which you actually you know exist sometimes you was no methylated spirits wood spirits touch them sometimes you touch beautiful United States ruins your health and he kills acts of kindness now where that is love but your liver but I know many people like that sometimes you see like a mother's love for the meth drinkers and they stank and he a child or you see a cat so if going through a saw that morning this English gentleman burning house to save his kittens or you see you know tradition of how you don't have people sacrifice themselves just out of this anymore bowler hat you know fold kindness they just I'm not talking about umbrella nice suit and an overcoat going to sacrificing their lives I mean sacrificing your work in the city the sort of no person used to time going to a friend who really needs your see on the movies a long time ago apparent help even though you know you're gonna they don't exist anymore but well-dressed sacrifice you know much happiness know well-groomed on his way to work and he much of your time may get into trouble with saw this gentleman in it's very clean clothes the people in your work you just decide stop at that doorway and just bend over to you're gonna stop for a while and help that homeless man who'd been out all night someone you see acts like that and you he couldn't hear what was said but he saw know that that's beauty that's truth that's next this man in his beautiful suit put his kindness is something wholly about that and arm around that homeless man that stinky that's what you might call us God remember dirty man and gently pick him up and take the monks here when they first went to him to a cafe to get some breakfast and he England tell me this old story they said that said that that and that moment the grayness once there was further first went to England and the coldness and the dullness of they were staying in this old house in London dis vanished it was beautiful he saw Hampstead now these were forest monks an act which uplifted him an act of kindness monk soon our lived in big jungle and care because that man would have the monasteries where you could walk and it smell on his clothes as he went to work he was nature there was animals some probably be late he said doesn't matter what animals you didn't like like mosquitoes but my boss says there was a person who you know there was just you had a sense of needed some kindness needed some freedom and it was bright and it was warm needed a friend doesn't matter if I'm late and it was lovely and now they were doesn't matter if I kept the smell on my transported to England in the wintertime clothes it'll be washed off later it was worth when it was gray when it was raining and doing an act of kindness now you can call there was never a rain properly it's called that God if you like you can call that an act drizzle you know it's not really raining not of beauty and then I can say yeah I believe being driest as halfway in between kind of in that and that's if you like the God of the Buddhists not a sort of a person but a karma does it puts it right back on us and principle this very beautiful thing which then we just can't get someone else to say we can say yes we can worship that and please up there forgive me please up there I that something which is actually practical just got and go to church and I can give all because you find if you just worship of being the donations and that's all I need to go to up in the sky there were consequences but heaven I don't know if you've heard this you're quite negative to your life if anybody story but there was a person who he went to is interesting I'm imagine Sujata sent me church every Sunday and he gave this article many years ago there was a donations he even kept the Ten sociologist in the United States called Commandments and when he died he went Gregory Paul who used publicly available up to heaven and he saw God and he data you know for the United States and thought that Jesus would be sitting next to Europe and Canada as well because he God and who did he see sitting next to God wanted he could actually find out the a cleaning lady with a mop and a bucket number of like God believers in a sort of a and a duster he said was it I thought Jesus little jurisdiction knows easy available also was sicker to sit next to God and the first can find out the murder rate the number of said no did we tell you cleanliness is next to suicides abortions rapes robberies in the godliness that's 's joke cleaning lady next to area - he wanted to correlate to see and on God okay okay so there's Buddhist we divorces were there as well does this to see actually preach taking responsibility for what these indicators of social malaise and also we do because that means that it just to correlate them with how many people coming to the temple going to a church believed in God now I'm talking about the giving donations there is not enough and Creator God and he actually found a you know that's not enough sometimes negative correlation much to the annoyance though that people believe priests they of many of the the churchgoers especially believe monks they believe the books and the leaders that the more people believed in it's just such a relief isn't it to feel oh I don't a god the more the higher the incidence of need to be good what I need to do is to go divorces child pregnancies abortions rapes to church but even Jesus believed in murders totally against just what people say Mohammed believe in somebody rather they said because you don't believe in God then it'd all be okay that is one of the that's the reason why there's so many reasons why people don't take problems in the world actually the opposite responsibilities and what I think that now was the case you can recheck it for yourself that particular piece of research done by Gregory Paul was the name I'm sure he can Gregory hoar was a powerful piece of find it on the internet his research but what research which confirms what you should was interesting to me was why why is it the really understand in order to have an ethical case that if a person believes in a all- or good society we have to take powerful creator god why does that I see responsibility ourselves we can't just give lesson once ethical standards and as a that responsibility off to some bit God we Buddhist as a meditator as a person who's can't even give that responsibility up to our been in this business a long time I government to be good we have to do it understand exactly why he is because when ourselves even if it's like global warming it's you give responsibility for your actions or a waste of time waiting for the government some higher power it means you're not of sort of pass on an emissions trading taking that responsibility yourself you're scheme or any other sort of restrictions on leaving it for somebody else to pick up the our use of dirty energy we had to do it mess after you and as Buddhists we don't ourselves of course it's obvious but have that at all maybe all the religions we sometimes the human being we like some take the most responsibility for ourselves bigger person to take responsibility for us and our actions and that's what the law of whether it's a government whether it's a church or whether it's some big no myth of a also as I keep on saying that means you do God in the sky no it means that we don't not do the same thing again the blank check take responsibility for ourselves and that is once is given to you he's never written on a great danger with a belief in a creator god it's not oh yeah he's here this evening once but if we have the other idea that belief in a few months ago I gave this talk on like truth and love and kindness of course generosity and I said that one of the most that would make us much more wonderful acts of generosity is wouldn't be responsibility people we'd actually start to wonderful if a person it's because be more kind so create more peace to be sometimes you give things expecting more gentle even to be more forgiving something back in return as I said last week mentioned this recently to Salah monastery about the real giving sometimes one person when somebody came up and said nowhere actually I said on one talk even actually not whatever I've done I ask forgiveness of you even saying how much you're gonna give and they've been meditating law and office let me decide give me a blank check and said that it's a waste of time you shouldn't one person is sitting here gave me a blank ask forgiveness of me in any way you know check signed and I could put whatever some of you you know you've come to our amount I wanted on it he said whatever retreats you've come up to me and I've whatever you want on it the blank check already told you look I give you forgiveness there's no wonderful and of course you in the three time zones I give you know what I did I kept it for a couple of forgiveness for anything you've ever done in months and then I gave it back to him and the past I give you forgiveness for what said you can for whatever you like on it not you're doing now and I give each one of you me because blank checks are like that I'm in this room forgiveness for whatever you not talking about sort of know the blank might do in the future until the end of this bank check the blank checks of forgiveness year until the end of a hundred eons your son daughter friend whatever you do that all pre forgiven you got blank check go for it my house always open to you me whatever your preview now do that it's a bit of a joke I do adore of my heart servant of me I give because I know it won't work anyway if I total forgiveness you find that blank check is forgive you I don't forgive you the most never abuse that's half of forgiveness important person to get forgiveness from is actually frees it actually means you don't do yourself that's the only person who can that act ever again you don't need to really forgive you and solve the problem misbehave you don't need to be angry to be taking responsibility again so going up and selfish anymore and there's the reason why you've done something bad God forgive me people are unethical the reason why they God forgive me God forgive me Jesus make mistakes that lack of sensitivity to forgive me Jesus forgive me I don't brown themselves and others is overcome and it's forgive me I don't bother giving me obvious psychology when you still get your someone forgive me you know that might head around it punishment does not work it give you a temporary sort of relief from the just makes people either misunderstand suffering but it's only temporary because in why you know why do actually why am i the end there's only one person who can punished why is that done I don't forgive you there's only one person can free understand the reason for it and they keep you and you know that's yourself that's why on making mistakes again again again we Ventre that forgiveness is the external all know the prison system is a revolving certainly it has to come back on to you door you 10-person to prison and they get forgive yourself to say whatever i've done released again they go back again why is by body speech or mind whatever it is that because they haven't understood about I've done intentional unintentional to live forgiveness you teach a person forgiveness work or just the accident I forgive me that's in jail they never got back to prison again holy a sense of peace and freedom and you forgive yourself then you're free and you become a far more ethical kind the ball set on number 19 put all your compassionate being if you have the winnings on number 22 said to being and he wisdom of compassion to forgive yourself could hear it in his ear you put all the you're gonna have the wisdom of winnings on number 22 and the ball went in compassion to forgive others you don't get number 20 turn but all the winnings he said mean on them anymore you don't want to on number 16 and he put all the winnings seek revenge you've got enough on number 16 and the ball went around and compassion you don't even get angry at it fell in number 17 and he heard the being other people of course can't you see the say so even powerful beans make mistakes logic kind of see the sense so that type of sometimes and when they make mistakes forgiveness we have to give ourselves we just like you they swear as well so that well don't ask for much Jesus from a God for that's though you can't trust even what you anything but if you try to rely on somebody hear from supernatural beings sometimes else to solve that problem he'll just go on everyone makes mistakes even and on and on they'll be never any solution supernatural being so I cut them a bit of so one of the important things have pushing slack so what that really means is you can't aside the reliance on another being is one trust what's in books this is one another learns that self-reliance but not even just the things as soon as you have a supernatural self-reliance in one's ethics even the self being you have an absolute truth and that is reliance on one's wisdom when the biggest cause so many problem I mean big problems with a God especially created God problems wars oppression and huge it means what the Creator God means amounts of pain in our history and I don't infallible which means whatever they say need to explain that to describe that to you I must be the truth and so we have all these remember talking to one of my friendly books and all these teachings maybe a rabbis once and I said what happens in your book it maybe some teaching have you ever holy scriptures if something is written there gone to these channelers these people who from an infallible all-powerful all-wise God channel these these supernatural beings ok which really goes against what you believe those may be actually channeling some is compassionate and true which one would beings somewhere in the universe but does you choose to follow your all-powerful it mean that what that being says is omniscient God is witness in some sort of absolute truth and could be relied upon just book or your heart and of course you know because you know you can see this in a that causes a huge amounts of problems to trance it doesn't mean that it's not rubbish people who follow faith and belief in a all- so tell anybody just whatever is written in a powerful God because part of believing in a book whatever comes from a person in a god means believing that what's attributed trance whatever comes with any other to that God must be absolute truth who person don't just believe it because it's most people come across that contradiction supernatural I remember another story here not just once but many times in their life well comes another joke about this person and they read in that book it's not what they he could channeled this powerful being and know in their heart this is something I this powerful being gave all this advice and mentioned last week if you're gonna write the guy said we'll look it's nice having anything on a piece of paper and put it in advice but what I really want is some cash your office or in your bedroom write this okay said it's powerful being go to the down never allow knowledge especially casino so he went to the casino and the what's written in books to stand in the way powerful being said go to the roulette table of truth truth is what you know in your heart so went to the roulette table and this being it's not winning any book it doesn't come said he could hear it in his ears just the from a god it doesn't come from some channeling it he said put ten dollars on infallible Pope or for some all-wise atom number 19 and the wheel went around and bomb it does not come for me it comes from you so don't read the books read your heart consequence but he had to do it and he don't trust any infallible Authority trust your enjoyed those three or four years but of all wisdom your compassion what you know is the people he was the only person who had right and if you can do that you'll be a very a life was happy in a peace with himself and wise and effective an ethical person what when the interviewer asked him so I was was a nice anecdote about that is a good told how come you did then how come you one this is about last year sometimes refused an order while all your fellows your suicune one must mean the 25th friends your Conway's went in there and anniversary of the there must be about 40 killed and you knew what was going to or 50 fortieth anniversary anniversary or the happen to you why did you do that he said My Lai massacre in Vietnam I remember simply because I knew it was wrong I just that big number fortieth or something had to follow what my heart told me and anniversary this terrible event in the that's I did that I had to and that's what we Vietnam War because when I was growing call ethical strength it's not because what up at this time I know protesting against that the book says you follow the book and it war as a student I remember that group of says you have to follow orders it's not your American soldiers were ordered to go into fault it's a no the Colonel's for the generals this village of my light to kill every man fault but you know it's your fault their degree woman and child no one was except I was of ethics you know in your heart what's right except was an exception and that is just evil and what's wrong and I mention that too that's wrong and they went into this village many Buddhists when they had given me to kill and this documentary was tracing the these ethical dilemmas should you have the soldiers who had participated in that event abortion euthanasia or any other ethical and all those people even though they were problems which you faced in life how are given pardons by the American government you going to solve those dilemmas what very fact that that's what they did and choice are you gonna make or rather how caused huge psychological and social do you make that choice please don't look problems you've got Ian and actually killed at the books please don't ask me don't try like just the mother and they you've shot a and find some authority somewhere to give kid now five or six year old even though you you that answer look in your heart ask were ordered to do that they these huge yourself that question this is where that truth scars and you pay for that you can't have a lies but if you believe in an authority in a relationship you can't sort of have good god you're gonna make some terrible health you can't have happiness but there decisions and this is one of the reasons why was one soldier there's always one or two that Gregory Paul found out the people who who stand out it was a black African soldier just gave that decision-making to God were who refused he refused the order to go in usually more unethical and created more and kill know what he thought was women social problems for themselves in their and children they've got nothing to do with community they're people who know their the war he refused the order he knew what answer for themselves look in their heart would happen he was put in military jail for like that black African soul did it he knew it three or four years for refusing to obey an was wrong don't do it so you find that the order military jails in United States and so-called atheists who don't trust sort of you that's 60 70s were far worse than civilian know some reveal teaching or some jails and I think many of you know what authority except for what they can know in civilian jails are like in United States and it's their own heart they are the people who totally different than sort of jails here in usually make the correct ethical decisions Perth that was a very tough place a very they follow law of karma and they reap the painful place to be for three or four years results a happier more peaceful life for and he knew what he was doing by refusing themselves and for other people as well so the order he knew this was the what that really means is that don't believe in an authority garbages outside a feel so sad for the animals because they supernatural being but but please believe in hop around and they see this huge powerful truth in kindness in contentment and big human being we could do them a lot of compassion and you don't have to go to damage but we give them fearlessness this theologians and say does that type of God will kangaroo so a little magpie hopping exist you know what actually is it now is between the the chairs and the tables and God a man or a woman is it an it is it sort of the people of boudin yharnam monastery Caucasian africanist a lot of rubbish that is and just is hopping around like it owned the but love kindness compassion peace these place and people had to get out in the way are things which you can touch which you there's wonderful to Sikhs they had no fear can know for yourself in this very life that's of us and it wonderful to give the animals what you should believe in that's what you the gift of fearlessness little animal little bird should rely on that is what we we go to you can fly wherever you want and we'll know to find the answers not just our ethical protect you and care for you see that no questions but to the meaning of our life it fear at all from another monks or anyone gives us directions it gives us meaning it else who visits buon anima Russia and surprised us with wisdom it's what we that's happening now in China growth worship so when people say as a monk wonderful if that happened in Perth you can what do you worship yea worship the go to Northbridge for a nice evening out you Buddha but the Buddha is a symbol the can go and you can go on the on the maybe symbol of what I said a few weeks ago we should open up and one monastery in when I bow to a Buddha I bow to virtue Northbridge so making a nice safe place so peace wisdom sometimes compassion spread fearlessness throughout the whole instead of wisdom the two go together the area maybe instead of having security three boughs the first one to virtue the first guards on the the trades we have monks on one to peace last one to compassion or the trains and nuns fearlessness on the wisdom because that's what I believe in train so people who travel without any fear that's what I worship so every time I of being robbed or whatever you know how remember that I actually increase my virtue wonderful it is to be able to walk somewhere I increase my peace I increase my and be totally safe I have that fear so so compassion always because that's what that's what the gift of virtue is virtue makes happens every time you remember it you everyone feel so safe you don't have to be think of it it actually grows it's just like afraid you'd have to be on your guard it's a watering the flowers every time you beautiful gift which we can give by a virtue remember to water them they get more our goodness cuz you all know you can beautiful every time remember to bow I'm come in here you won't be harmed at all in bowing to virtue I worship virtue virtue is the this compound over here that's a wonderful harmlessness it's a fearlessness I'm not thing too so you can come here and you talking about me being fear I mean me know that people care for you and they giving lack of fear to you talking about that protect you so you get this beautiful sense in a retreat center during the vows retreat of fearlessness I remember some years ago first time I saw the Kangaroos coming now somebody was just over there and they around into the retreat center and jhana fell asleep during my talk and started Grove to start eating the grass around the snowing really snowing loudly and stupas now they usually and that part of the somebody woke them up and I told them off land they're not used to human beings yet afterwards you shouldn't wake them up like so they used to run away but now they're that we found out afterwards so they were becoming tame has to happen the reason having surrenders domestic violence and why is because they got nothing to fear by they came here and they felt safe in this the people we give them the gift of room I felt so say if they hadn't slept fearlessness what a wonderful thing that is I unknown for how many days you can imagine with domestic violence even if no some of you who did get jealous you know it's not actually happening to you right now you chose the wrong religion because if the memory of it makes you so tense you you're a Christian you'll be a saint by now can't get a good night's sleep and they they'd name a hospital after you because came here they felt so safe is the first time you're a Buddhist it's just first jhana nothing they slept in I don't know how long and I much at all but that's actually experience said let them sleep if anyone snores through which people have this union with it one of my talks well done let them sleep you powerful which is the deep meditations and don't know where they've come from at that's what these Christian mystics were up least say they've realized it feels a peaceful to but they caught it union with God so you place and they're protected they don't feel can actually feel what that union with that fear and that's actually why they're so that Christian oddity of God feels like credible we gave them the gift of fear and that's powerful love this oneness and that's a more important you know whatever you say meditation experience so yeah we with words well you actually give so virtually understand what that is that's actually even that's why we worship that's my god furtive said in one of the Christian Psalms be still fearlessness the gift of fearlessness to other and know that there are God as in the Bible people well the piece that's my god and in I don't know where but somewhere in actually it says if anyone wants to know Sam's beast I remember asking a Catholic what union with God is what it feels like you priest and he couldn't find he got very just make your mind so peaceful and so still embarrassed I said doesn't matter you know that nothing moves as power what about you can make mistakes and that would be hands are saying so those of you come on shown up by a Buddhist monk I don't mind if my meditation retreats you've heard me say you can't find it so it's all right so be still I this before powerful body comes from really still mean big time still I mean no huge exercising it running jogging whatever a still awesomely still and you can feel what a powerful mind comes from keeping it still God that power that stillness and everybody and that's credibly isn't true you keep your is so you get to know what these things are mind still peaceful and you won't believe the so I believe in that peace and that's what I amount of power which comes into your worship and of course the greatest one of mind as well say remembering past lives or all the wisdom and compassion they all go ian's that's a powerful mind that comes on together because kindness is an obvious you from stillness which means any of you thing to do is wise forgiveness is part of say yeah I want that one want one that's not compassion compassion and forgiveness being still you don't get anywhere that way are all part of wisdom so to me that's my wanting makes your mind move making god that's what I believe in that's what I peace keeps it still and that's stillness bills worship and that's what my friend Abbot and bills and has huge power so if you want Placid was confirming what people to feel the power of deep meditation as a searching for in life that is God and what power which know that mahabhava feels people are searching for peace truth love that's only the first channel you go far higher freedom I'm talking about real love the than that but at least you get a taste of what ability to love yourself so much you forgive it's like to be God and all those Christian everything you're totally at peace with mystics who had union with God know yourself same way that mother loves her exactly what that is that's the first jhana child without criticism without judgment experience stillness powerful you've totally being at peace and accepting myself disappeared your sense of self is gone and for who you are not trying to be someone his deep meditation incredible bliss and this not trying to put on some face just being is actually what you know I told people in here happy at peace uncritical and the meditation retreat down to serpentine as judgmental love so that's what we worship dad at seven time last week he said look so that to me is what God is so as Buddhism atheist stupid question which what does it mean by no to part a camel means what you mean by that God the through the eye of a needle whatever it goddess just finished with the city I believe means everyone knows it's damn hard to do in that so no we believe in summary but it's which means that you know if you're a rich not supernatural supernatural is something man it means it's even harder for you to get you just can't touch you just can't reach is to heaven. beyond nature this is something which is natural which is real which you anyone here can actually touch each one of you touched a little bit of here in Buddhism we are - touch it more - come closer to that to make it grow and so it's just totally you that you are peace you are compassionate you are wisdom you just you are truth that's what I mean by becoming enlightened so this is what we believe in is Buddhists so not the sense of who got up in the sky to be praised to be worshipped and to be sort of asked for for help but truth compassion kindness wisdom virtue is right there in your heart just need to tap into it not asking other people for yourself self responsibility and you can understand why that those people who the most venerated spiritual teachers have follow this path are more likely to be ethical told us since the beginning of time when this kinder and have more love which is why I knowledge is fully absorbed by your think Buddhism is growing because it works subconscious you'll reap powerful rewards so that's a 12 this evening Buddhism in a the secret meditation is intentionally theatre so has anyone got any comments or designed to be listened to while falling questions about this evenings little talk on asleep listen every night for six weeks atheistic Buddhist over God believing listen because that's the minimum amount of time and I do apologize for the joke the view ok it takes to make a lasting change in your life any I can't see any questions any yeah the Delta sound frequencies provided will Eddie yeah yes except the stick yeah yeah help soothe you to sleep you may drift off but but what I would say I wouldn't say the and not even hear what is being whispered kingdom of God lies within the Republic of in your ears however the transmission will truth take it around a little bit to suit the be don't deep inner levels where it won't modern times because all these kings and work to change your life close your eyes queens and stuff so the Republic the and begin to breathe slowly and deeply with Republic of truths of love lies within you each breath let your body soften and relax much better you know the other sort of joy I breathe and let the sounds and words wash think I told you so I told you that the away all concerns the ideas you are about Chinese Chamber of Commerce I think to hear will become your own you will begin which was about six months ago I said no to think thoughts that promote an they it also says in the Bible the Christian inexhaustible supply of prosperity health Bible now this is harder it's harder for a and happiness in your life you will discover camel to pass through of an Ivor needle that the secret power within you can help than a rich man to enter the kingdom of you do anything and become anything it is heaven that's true it's in there it's harder for not necessary that you stay awake for camel to pass well neither needle than a everything you hear will be absorbed by rich man to enter the kingdom of heaven your subconscious mind even while you and people theologians have discussed sleep so now rest and breathe and repeat in to the perfection abundance the universe your mind as it is said with my the universal the great reality is good which is always I know his mind is perfect and that I always attempting to mass address to the south I will be and they're the healthy as well inside know that error is the result of isolating of me was a place of confidence quietness myself I know that the universe is constantly and security a place where all things are creating in my experience that change the known and understood this is the universal law of creation is bigger than I am I cannot mind of which I am apart and which help my thoughts and beliefs from becoming responds to me when I ask this universal real in my experience I hold my thoughts mind knows the answers to all of my steadfastly on the good I do not do this with problems and even now right now the effort as if I were commanding something to answers are speeding they would hate to act I simply relax in contemplation of the me I needed struggle for them I needn't good secure in the knowledge that worry horse Drive when the time comes the everything rest was the power much greater answer is we'll be there I give my problems than I am I trust this power we have to the great mind Gunners to the sources completed I have complete faith and Rizal or creative shish why let go of them confidence in our on this power from guided confident that the correct answers will return I rely upon this power for guidance in all of to me when needed through the great law of my affairs I accept good in the supply and attraction everything everything I need on love of the universe our mind I know and my warranty fulfillment and fulfillment comes recognize my oneness with all things I know to me it is not necessary that I strain believe that all form and all circumstance are the in the strength of my belief my faith will creation of an infinite intelligence that is make it so divine intelligence all around to within me and around me I know that all me I know my do miracles say to my beauty things are the result of conception and of nature and God was it the intelligence desire my world is ordered according to my that created my things is within Izzy and own thoughts and convictions and divine around me deserves me and I can instruction I do not accept thoughts of collegeand for my in my opinion my love of negativity and disharmony and my friends God becomes ghostly my body is a my loved ones my fellow workers I see manifestation the pure spirit and then the nothing but cooperation and assistance I Spirit is perfect therefore my bylaws perfect know that each person must follow it give I enjoy the riches alive and each day brings my path up toward his vision or sales I constant evidence of the power and wonder understand the search friends why any of the universe and myself I am confident I attempts you come with every man I know am sorry I am sure no matter what obstacle and see I neighbors are oh there is my own or challenge crosses my path I refuse to I have sympathy and tolerance I have come accept it it is only an illusion there can be no all say and understand into all peoples I obstacle or undesirable circumstance to the know that as I held higher is hard I helped mind of God which is energies in and my sister understanding it is impossible to around ground and serves with my favorite fail when faith is present I do not order officials I might know his mind is perfect all things to be made in my time or in my place of my fears this Universal Mind this great but trust the universal mind in its own great subconscious mind this line of God knows knowledge to show me the time the plays no difficulty limitation or lack it simply the need and the way each moment of each creates in my experience that which I day brings my life closer to realization the believe and accept the great reality is good objects of my work are being accomplished which is always attempting to manifest itself success harmony and peace I love life when my eyes and my senses are confused exists within me here in my heart and mind with the apparent circumstance of in the depths of my being the truth is transgression I turn away lifting my thoughts apparent and the clamor of the world does not exist I see around me the thoughts of all the universal world for I place myself in itself mankind for these thoughts have become taking each step of my life boldly and whatever is good among these thought I strongly for it is God who prompts me and accept for my concern is only with truth and God moves with sureness it is the way the understanding which is for everything lovely things of my life are the children of my my mind moves easily to the farthest most thoughts and my thoughts are even now reaches of space in all directions and just as burying the children of my tomorrow all that easily moves back to me once again I am is good I desire all that is negative I refuse the center of the universe the universal to accept by attaining I do not deprive mind has made itself manifest through me I others all that is and it ever will be is know that my purpose in life is to reach ever available to everyone we need only ask and upward and to expand in knowledge and it shall be given I merge with the infinite and unity I place my future in divine hand I power of love that surges through me the turn over each problem of my life to that limits and inhibitions of my past are gone great knowing mind to which all things are and each day is a new birth another step on possible I do not tell God how to bring these my journey toward oneness with God I do things about I have complete confidence but not seek I know I do not strive for I am every circumstance that comes my way is guided here in solitude in this time of peace part of a perfect plan to confirm the image of and meditation I withdraw deep into the my faith into physical reality even now right silent recesses of my being to a place of now the universe seeks to answer might utter calm the world retreats until finally I am every need as I believe in my heart so it will alone there is nothing but me I am NOT be done this is the law of life and of living body I am not thought I am not experienced there is greatness in my friend and in my I am NOT the past January the present nor enemy for we are all seeking the same high the future I simply am across my mountain along many paths God made all consciousness comes a constant creatures made now poor creature for God procession of thoughts and I observe them I owns everything I am vital for God is all do not make up these thoughts I know they vitality and rigor I need only open my mind come from the universal mind and I watch and my heart keep my thoughts in the path as they are presented to me I smell the train of truth and I am filled to overflowing with of thoughts I examine each of them and the power of buttons and love at the then let go neither accepting or rejecting on universe which is within me and around me and on the thoughts come and I asked I listen to the voice of the universe as it myself who is it that observes this and I speaks within me it is the house of truth and hear the answer now that art always have any guides my somewhere deep within me been and always will be thou about service in the perfect center of my soul there stands and I understand here then is my true self a still universe mer all things and all laws thing independent of all that the spirit I can are revealed I reach within to this place of template him I which only observes and peace and quietness I awaken to the voice chooses from the thoughts that cross of my heart I close my eyes and essential consciousness whatever I choose is mine living breathing universe dwelling within me whatever I reject shall never touch me my and I twirling within it I am one with all sense of fusion of my being with the great people and why and all things I move in Universal Mind I sense the presence of the accordance with divine law limitless power Great Spirit I feel the immutable and of creation is my mine to drop for it is in me irrevocable bond between myself and the one with me and I am a part of it the answer all-powerful loving force of creation I am one comes with the question the path is lit with with all true Oh beauty all justice and the the first step the way is cleared with the infinite creative power of the universal mind okay and the goal is in sight with the desire I lives within me I remove all barriers from my know that I am fulfilling the fondest wish of thought in a line with divine purpose I am open and receptive to the purposes of God I spirit pure and eternal birthless deathless know that my life is great and good when I and changeless I am patient for I am all- perform service with love the right ideas are time I am wise before I contain the delivered to me and the universal mind knowledge of all things I am rich for there is provides me with the means of bringing no limit to the abundance I may create from them into my world I know that all things my very cell I am successful I need only bring from the universal mind which is think to achieve I love and I am beloved for infinitely abundant there can be no lack or all things are myself and I am all things I limitation in the mind of God I need only let become one with the universal mind I the universal mind express itself through me perceive the Magnificent dweller at the in my world overflows with creativity center of my consciousness and I know that achievement and prosperity my goals are divine indwelling God to be my very self shown to me for they are the goals of God time into space shadow. who never fails whatever my task I perform it with love I know that when I serve another I serve the purposes of a greater design all around me I see the love mutual exchange so I give as I would receive I know that abundance and prosperity or mental conditions I create them on the plane of mind with complete trust and confidence that they will manifest in my life I refuse to accept undesirable circumstances having final reality a mighty truth is at the center of my consciousness where no work is difficult where peace always reigns where all things are possible life is a journey which must be traveled one step at a time I am patient and trusting for I have unshakeable faith in my destination that is always leading me closer to my true home of infinite love and abundance I surrender my will to divine will you will always be finding reasons to stay knowing that success will come when I fulfill mad or point the finger at someone else or the indwelling I turn away from the world to blame someone or something to why around me to the world of consciousness your life is the way it is when you respond that lies within I shut out all memories of the you are aware and you can use past create new images of the future I discernment to take control and make the concentrate on my being I slide deep into decisions that will create a desired outcome the very recesses of my soul to a place of a or experience see the difference this is better here I perceive that in the making I powerful stuff this is serious this is how it am conscious of the one being from which works on planet Earth next you must be the all being spring this is immortal soul this is one who takes 100% responsibility for God this is me I am I always was I always everything that happens in your life will be people all things all space and time everything that happens good or bad is an and alive are here in the depths of my soul exact match to a vibration or feeling that you smaller than small greater than great meat broadcasted previously yes it is when you and unite within me that which I thought was grasp that you are the one who causes ego I never was at all for it was a changing every situation circumstance or event to thing mirroring the seasons and the tides take place in your life good or bad when you the thing to be born and grow and die I am know that you caused it period no one else NOT a thing of time or circumstance I am then you become more aware of yourself objective is that using a mantra while your that's basic principle in secret number one mind is having thoughts and is in the you must take 100% responsibility of every clearing process will cancel out each other in your life next a state of mind that can and help you achieve mind silence that become silent and still is so so very much faster we will clear in quiet the mind powerful when you close your eyes and after we remove and blow out some quiet the mind what you will see and what negative blocks that are holding you back I you will feel will blow your mind so that is also recommend that you have a piece of the title of this meditation this meditation is paper in a pen nearby make sure it's white simply titled mind silence stepping into paper and a pen with blue ink I'm not going stillness quieting the mind is one of the most to get into why let's just say it's an energy difficult things to do because we think and thing as soon as you awaken write down vibrate twenty-four hours a day seven days your feelings emotions and what you a week our mind is going while we are experienced most importantly notice how awake in our mind is going while we are you feel about yourself and how you asleep we have anywhere from fifty perceive your surroundings next let's take a thousand to a hundred and fifty thousand minute and talk about some of the benefits thoughts per day running like wildfire of quieting your mind let me ask you this through our minds basically our minds never how many of you struggle to fall asleep at shut up or take a break no one just so many night because your mind is racing how people think that they need medications and many of you have nightmares how you can't drugs because the medications numb you sleep and blame your pillow or mattress and slow your mind down the great news is how many of you used to how many of you that you can do this on your own very you sleep aids like pills or alcohol or drugs quickly once you stop reacting to life and to fall asleep how many of you lie awake start responding to life and take 100% while your mind beats the crap out of you by responsibility for everything in your life what flooding your mind with worry stress and you have or what you don't have is because fears how many of you are stuck in the past of you when you understand and grasp this and keep reliving past events that make you concept the great news is you are 50% feel worse and worse how many of you toss there there is an amazing self presence that and turn night after night and wake up with opens up within oneself when the mind absolutely no energy and just annoyed now goes quiet and still that is unlike anything let me ask you this how many of you at that you can experience with your own two night think about how grateful you are to be eyes in this meditation it's going to be me in alive and how many think about what you you I'm taking you all the way so you can want what your goals and dreams and see further than you have ever seen before desires are and fall asleep with a smile on later on I'm going to be using some low your face how many of you awakened with brainwaves just to help the mind slow down your eyes wide open and jump out of bed and relax and to stay alert so it's important with energy and enthusiasm and that you listen to this meditation moving expectation to take on the world and grab forward with headphones on also do not life by the horns and persevere and achieve listen to this recording while driving or all that you desire how many of you wake operating any machinery I am going to up with purpose how many of you are truly assist you in clearing all the chatter and all thankful to wake up and have another day the noise from your mind after that I will to live on this planet you can answer that to fade away into the distance and will be yourself the point is that when you truly guiding you at a very low frequency that you quiet the mind you open the vibrations in may not even hear with your ears I will also energies of the universe to provide you with be using the mantra loved at very low information guidance and insights that you frequencies over and over again the would never be able to figure out by thinking on your own separating yourself from mind real inner you not the you your parents want and ego is a magical place to visit those of you to be not to you you claim to be in front you who are listening and who meditate and of your friends not the you that you put on at reach this place in your mind you know what work or with the guys or ladies when you I'm talking about you will all love this audio are out not the you that you are when you're because it will bring you into yourself unlike around certain groups of people the real you any other audio has ever done by blowing the real you the real you who you you you out negative blocks that you may not even really are think about that this is when your know are holding you back when you feelings are in control not your thoughts this regularly quiet your mind through meditation is when you are aware and you really grasp this has been knows to cause positive and and see and feel who you are this is when beneficial changes in the structure and you turn your back on who you think you function of the brain by creating new neural should be and live life as the real you who pathways and habits and thought patterns in you want to be even if you are at this point ways that boost awareness positive now in your life listening to me this emotions learning abilities emotional and meditation will empower you and you will spiritual intelligence and so much more in vibrate and emanate more intention than my opinion if someone who is always angry ever before because when you are you you or frustrated depressed or struggles with and no one else when no other person has anxieties phobias insomnia fears worry a noose around your neck because you are stress in doubt is able to quiet the mind INRI not who they think you should be you are instill themselves by embracing positive you every day when you know who you emotions and thoughts within a short period really is life opens up the moment that you of time they would not have any mental realize and stop focusing on what others challenges at all and virtually turn think of you the moment of I am me this is themselves into a positive success magnet me and that's the bottom line the moment in all aspects of their life if you are positive you don't care how anyone views you minded already with purpose and desire because you are you and you are amazing then there is no stopping you and you can and you are perfect and regardless of what become bigger and more powerful and anyone thinks of you you appreciate and happier than you ever thought you could be love them regardless that is the moment you all haven't know everything that you that moment when your life becomes your need to know to live a life of bliss and life this is when you become you and you happiness it's already deep within you never ever look back you will then vibrate a unlocking it and releasing the inner you different tone in the world becomes your that's the fun part it's just like digging for playground and you get to write the rules gold in order to find a couple of ounces of that you play by that is the magic moment in gold you must move tons and tons of dirt existence that I desire everyone to have the there's an unlimited reward deep within chance to experience because I will tell you each of us getting to it and knowing when this it is awesome I listen I know that was we have found this inner treasure if you will intense many of you feel in an electric buzz a feeling that is unmatched and cannot be going through your body right now don't you put into words the great news is that the you don't you're experiencing you are more and more you listen to this meditation experiencing positive adrenaline combined you will change in positive ways because with my intention my intention is coming you're going to get rid of and release these through this audio in in to you you know negative blocks that are holding you back what I call this I call it a cocktail for the soul from becoming the real you another benefit because it makes you feel real good for a of quieting the mind is that you get to know long time get excited you are about to who you really are now pay attention to discover and reach deep within yourself what I'm about to say you get to know the past URI go past your mind deeper than your consciousness deeper than your close your eyes or better yet cover your subconsciousness you were about to go eyes with a towel or eye mask make sure into and discover stillness of inner peace you have headphones on now we're going this is where many believe your spirit to take a slow deep breath in through your resides this is where we're going deep nose and exhale out your mouth in through within you in this place you can discover your nose and exhale out your mouth just and perceive knowledge wisdom and insight relax continue breathing in through your that is beyond the grasp of even the nose you know through your mouth and pay conscious thinking part of your mind to attention to what I say first let's balance out reach here to reach this place takes will and your energy you you now I want you to desire when you reach this place you will think about what are you afraid of what are virtually become one with yourself in the you afraid of I can't give you any ideas on way that you view your life in yourself will be this it's all up to you just think about what so amazingly clear and vibrant you will truly are you afraid of think of what you're afraid envision yourself and your life will manifest of now what are you afraid of what are you exactly how you see it when this happens afraid of what's holding you back in life your conscious thoughts will be that of light what's holding you back in life you what's and positive intention and you will vibrate holding you back in life what's holding you and change in amazing positive ways the back from being truly happy with yourself way you view yourself in the way you view what's holding you back from being truly life or transform and you will virtually happy with yourself what's holding you back become a vibrating magnet for good luck from being truly happy with yourself think success personal development happiness about it what's holding you back from being and the true genuine amazing you will truly happy with yourself what's holding you become present for the world to see and to back from achieving your goals and dreams feel get ready to release the dormant genius what's holding you back from achieving your within you will attract people in situations goals and dreams what's holding you back into your life that will blow your mind with from achieving your goals and dreams gratitude and thankfulness you will feel what what's holding you back from being who you is truly important to you and be guided want to become what's holding you back along all from within you will make all the from being who you want to become what's right decisions you will learn from every holding you back from being but you want to experience and you will become in control become you you what are you holding on of your life remember you set the rules that to from your past that affects your future you play by in life so set them up so you what are you holding on to from your past always win next let's begin the first thing that is affecting your future you what are we're going to do is we're going to take a you holding on to from your past that is few minutes and blow out some negative affecting your future what are you holding blocks in the body this exercise alone will on to from your past that is affecting your have a profound positive impact on most of future what are you holding on to from the you we have to blow out what's holding you past that is affecting your future think about back before we can go deep within it what's holding you back from giving and otherwise think of it like a wall these receiving unconditional love what's holding negative blocks are strong and impassable you back from giving and receiving and we can't get through so what we have unconditional love what's holding you back to do is destroy and remove these walls from giving and receiving unconditional love before we can move through we're going to think about it what's holding you back use affirmations with certain frequency repeat after me the only limits in my life are sounds make sure you are comfortable and the ones I create repeat after me the only relaxed sitting in a chair or lying down in a limits in my life are the ones I create I am place we will not be disturbed feel free to the creator of my reality repeat I am the creator of my reality repeat I am the creator nothing is holding you back nothing is of my reality repeat you I have what it takes holding you back there is nothing holding to be happy repeat you I have what it takes you back anymore what's holding you back to be happy repeat I have what it takes to from being truly happy with yourself release be happy repeat I have everything that I what's holding you back nothing is holding desire repeat I have everything that I desire you back nothing is holding you back what's repeat I have the power to create everything holding you back from achieving your goals that I desire in my life repeat I have the and dreams let them go release what's power to create everything that I desire in holding you back you are in control of your my life repeat I deserve the life I want goals in your dreams you are achieving all repeat I deserve the life I want repeat I am your goals in achieving all of your dreams worthy of this life repeat I am worthy of this all your goals and dreams are coming true life repeat I am worthy of this life repeat you there is nothing holding you back any more I write the rules in my life repeat I write the what's holding you back from being who you rules in my life repeat I love myself and I want to become release all fears confront love all others repeat I love myself and I them let them go they have no control love all others repeat I wake up and go to anymore confront your fears and release sleep with abundant energy repeat I wake them they have no power anymore what are up and go to sleep with abundant energy you holding on to from your past that is repeat you I wake up and go to sleep with affecting your future the past does not have abundant energy repeat I am love I am light any control over you see the past let it go repeat I am love I am light repeat I can do forgive others forgive yourself release it all anything in everything that I desire repeat I let it go you don't need it anymore what can do anything in everything that I desire happened is done it is gone it's been repeat I am in control of my life repeat I removed let it go it will not come back you am in control of my life repeat I am in don't need it any more what's holding you control of my life repeat I am the only one back from giving and receiving who was in control of my life and how I feel unconditional love replace all negative repeat Oh I am the only one who was in emotions with love confront your fears control of my life and how I feel repeat I confront your emotions and let them go you am able to focus on my goals with clarity don't need them replace all emotions with repeat I am able to focus on my goals with love you vibrate love you are loved you are clarity repeat my life is my life and I am the in control of you the real you is awakened creator of the life that I desire repeat my life the real you is perfect you are perfect you is my life and I am the creator of the life that are amazing you are a vibrating being there I desire repeat my life is my life and I am is nothing holding you back anymore let it the creator of the life that I desire repeat my go let it go nothing has control over you life is surrounded by luck and good fortune anymore you have the power to control you repeat you you my life is surrounded by let any thoughts that come into your mind let luck and good fortune repeat my thoughts them come in confront them they have no manifest what I think about into my reality power anymore nothing controls you any repeat my life is perfect repeat my life is more you control you you are in control of perfect repeat my life is my life repeat you I yourself you are in control of yourself you feel gratitude to be alive repeat I feel love yourself you love all others you are gratitude to be alive repeat each day I am loved you are in control you are in control getting better and better repeat what are you are in control you are a winner you are you afraid of what are you afraid of release amazing you are in control you are perfect them let them go they don't have a hold of you are perfect you are perfect you are free you any more what's holding you back in you are free you are free to become you life release what's holding you back release you are full of power nothing controls you what's holding you back let it go let it go you have power you have control you control and release all negative feelings relax you are in a state of quiet and release them now let them go let them go peaceful awareness step into stillness step let them go let them go release all negative into stillness observe and relax step into blocks now let them go let them go you stillness your mind is still your deep within don't need them any more take a deep yourself you are any state of quiet and breath now and through your nose now hold peaceful awareness. it for a count of ten nine eight seven six five four three two one and breathe all the way out just continue to focus on your breathing in through your nose and out through your mouth continue to breathe in each slow deep circular motion any thoughts that enter your mind observe them as they disappear and fade away you are surrounded by love you are emanating nothing but love clear your mind clear your mind clear your mind just observe and relax observe and relax your mind is quiet and becoming still your mind is becoming quiet and still any thoughts let them be and let them fade away and disappear just observe and relax observe and relax any thoughts let them be and let them fade away and disappear any thoughts let them be and let them fade away and disappear observe and let go 2,500 years ago nestled in a fertile valley observe and let go your mind is quiet still along the border between India and Nepal a and relaxed your mind is calm and quiet child was born who was to become the your mind is clear and calm your mind is Buddha the stories say that before his birth quiet clear and calm as your mind clears his mother the queen of a small Indian and becomes quiet and still you feel Kingdom had a dream a beautiful white amazing as you go down down down elephant offered the Queen a lotus flower deeper and deeper relaxed you feel heavier and then entered the side of her body when in heavier down down down observe and sages were asked to interpret the dream relax observe and relax going deeper and they predicted the Queen would give birth to deeper into yourself your feelings are in a son destined to become either a great control now your feelings are in control your ruler or a holy man one day they said he mind is quiet clear and still you feel love and would either conquer the world or become vibrations all throughout your body your an enlightened being the Buddha people mind is quiet clear and still as you go like stories it is one of the ways we learn the deeper and deeper within yourself connect story of the Buddha's life is an archetypal with yourself as you go down down down journey but it is a means to an end it is not feel the vibrations feel the vibrations feel the an end within ten months as a tree lowered pleasurable feelings you are in a state of a branch to support her a baby boy was quiet in peaceful awareness you are in a born emerging from her side seven days state of quiet and peaceful awareness quiet later the Queen died the world is filled with your mind your mind is quiet your mind is pain and sorrow the Buddha would one day still observe and relaxed you are in a state teach but I have found a serenity he told his of quiet and peaceful awareness step into followers that you can find two everybody stillness observe and relax you are in a understands suffering it's something that we state of quiet and peaceful awareness step all share with everybody else it's at once into stillness observe and relax observe and oddly intimate and utterly shared so what it pure fairy tale and how much of it is historic says that's a place to begin that's where we fact but it doesn't matter it touches begin no matter what your circumstances something that we all basically know the you will end up losing everything you love relevance of it is in the message of the story you will end up ageing you will end up ill the promise of the story um like any good and the problem is that we need to figure story it has a lot to teach so the story of his out how to make that all be alright what he life then is a beautiful way of telling the actually said was that life is blissful this joy teacher he who sees me sees the teaching everywhere only were closed off to it his to Buddha Singh and he who sees the teachings were actually about opening up teaching sees me born some 500 years the joyful or blissful nature of reality but the before the birth of Jesus the Buddha would bliss and the joy is in the transitoriness do grow to manhood in a town vanished long you see this glass I love this glass it holds ago for nearly three decades he would see the water admirably when I tap it it has a nothing of the world beyond the tale say he lovely ring when the Sun shines on it it was the son of a king raised in a palace with reflects the light beautifully but when the every imaginable luxury he was called wind blows and the glass falls off the shelf Siddhartha Gautama a prince among a clan and breaks or if my elbow hits it and it falls of warriors when I was a child he said I was to the ground I say of course but when I delicately brought up most delicately a white know that the glass is already broken every sunshade was held over me day and night minute with it is precious everybody every to protect me from cold heat dust dirt and human being wants happiness and with the you my father gave me three lotus ponds she adds like teacher you are your own one where red lotuses bloomed one where master future everything depend on your white lotuses bloomed one where blue own shoulder but that but this responsibility lotuses bloom the father wants him to be a is just to show the path therefore the king want him to conquer the world in it to Buddha can shine out from the eyes of be the Emperor of India which at that time anybody inside the buffeting of of an was 16 different kingdoms and it was ordinary human life at any moment what the predicted that he would be able to conquer Buddha found we can find in southern it wherever he was if he remained as a king Nepal at the foot of the Himalayas is one of so the father was creating this artificial the world's holiest places lumbini where environment to coddle him his father wanted according to the sacred tales the Buddha to prevent him from ever noticing that was born Buddhist pilgrims from all over anything might be wrong with the world the world make their way here to be in the because he hoped that he would stay in the presence of the sage whose life story is life they knew and loved and not go office inseparable from centuries of anecdotes was predicted at his at his birth and and and legends there are countless stories of possibly become a spiritual teacher rather the Buddha each tradition each culture each than a king shielded from pain and suffering time period has their own stories you we Siddhartha indulged in a life of pure have lots of visual narratives and artwork pleasure every whim satisfied every desire from all over Buddhist Asia but the first fulfilled I wore the most costly garments ate written material actually the first biography the finest foods I was surrounded by say of the Buddha really we don't see that beautiful women during the rainy season I before about five hundred years after his stayed in my palace where I was death for the first few centuries Buddhist entertained by musicians and dancing girls I narrative was oral historically it is based on never even thought of leaving when he was something certainly that happened there 16 his father drawing him tighter into Palace there must have been someone who life married him to his cousin it wasn't long correspondent with atomic Buddha who we before they fell in love he was only in love don't know we don't know how much of it is with her there is the story that on their honeymoon which was about ten years long we don't want to let our children see all the it one time they rolled off the roof that they pain that's in the world but at a very early were making love on while in a union and age at a time before he could remember they float they fell down but landed in a bed anything at a time before there was of roses lotuses and lilies and didn't notice conceptual thought he already suffered the they had fall and so the stories say he worst kind of of loss that one could suffer indulged himself for 29 years until the suddenly and mysteriously his mother died shimmering bubble of pleasure first his when he was a week old so something father does everything he can to never let tragic happened you know right at the him leave never let him see the suffering beginning that might be what it takes to that life is but one day he goes outside and become a Buddha is that you have to suffer he's travelling through the kingdom and he on such a primitive level 29 years old has the first of four encounters he sees an profoundly troubled Siddhartha was old man and he asked his attendant and the determined to comprehend the nature of attendant says oh that's change one doesn't suffering he resolved to leave the palace his always stay young and perfect then on the wife had just given birth to a baby boy next tour outside he sees a sick man and Siddhartha called him Rahula fetter he doesn't quite understand what it is he asked names his son fetter he names his son ball- his attendant and the attendant says oh that and-chain this is the fetter that will keep me happens to all of us everybody gets sick tethered to this life this is what will keep me and don't think you were a prince you'll not imprisoned late one summer evening get sick your father will get sick your mom Siddhartha went into his wife's room a lamp will get sick everybody will become sick of scented oil lit up his wife lay sleeping on then he sees that it isn't just the sick person a bed strewn with flowers cradling their in fact it's universal and something is newborn son in her arms he gazed from the stimulated inside of him so he keeps getting threshold deep in thought if I take my wife's the chariot driver to take him out and he hand from my son's head and pick him up sees you know horror after horror and on and hold him in my arms it will be painful for his third trip outside he he needs a corpse me to leave he turned away and climbed and he recognizes impermanence and down to the palace court-yard his beloved suffering and death as the real state of horse cantock Oh was waiting as he rode things the world that he had been protected toward the city's northern wall he left high from shielded from kept from seeing and he into the air mara the tempter god of desire was shocked you know he was shocked was waiting you are destined Mara told him and he realized this is my fate too I will also to rule a great Empire go back and worldly become old I will also become ill I will also power will be yours siddharta refused he left die how do I deal with these things these grief and probably absolute puzzlement and are universal questions in any human dismay in the hearts of life in the infant son beings life what it's like to be in a body who was innocent and yet was suddenly inside of time and our fate and how do we fatherless and of course his own father but navigate that it really is a tale of the there is no knowledge one without sacrifice transformation from a certain naive innocent and this is one of the hard truths of human relationship to your own life to wanting to existence in order to gain anything you must know the full story wanting to know the full first lose everything Siddhartha was alone in truth and then fourth trip outside he sees the the world for the first time on the bank of a spiritual seeker someone who has decided nearby river he drew his sword although my to live a life completely other than his life in father and stepmother were grieving with order to escape from impermanence tears on their faces he said I cut off my hair suffering and death so he has this sort of I put on the yellow robes and went forth traumatic encounter with the pain and from home into homelessness I had been suffering of life we try to protect our children wounded by the enjoyment of the world and I had come out longing to obtain peace world embracing poverty and celibacy living siddhartha wandered south toward the holy on the edge just as spiritual seekers still do Ganges River once a great Prince now he in India now at this time in India there are became a beggar surviving on the charity of lots of renunciants out there it's a flourishing strangers he slept on the cold ground in the renunciant tradition there are many different dark forest banyan teak and sol that people who have given everything up and covered the northeastern plain frightening practice austerities and meditate in order to places where wild animals roamed and escape from the cycle of death and rebirth dangerous spirits were said to live he's the notion of reincarnation is something going out to see what there is he's a seeker that's part of Indian culture part of Indian he doesn't have a teaching yet he doesn't civilization part of Indian religion that was have an understanding yet he doesn't have there long before the Buddha and it was the a in sight yet he doesn't have a solution yet in a sense the problem that the Buddha but he recognizes the problem siddhartha faced suffering didn't begin at birth and could not expect help from the religion of finish with death suffering was endless the time the ancient vedic religion steeped unless it was possible to find a way out in ceremony and ritual some of its rituals still become enlightened become a Buddha in live on in ceremonies conducted by hindu his time there was a sense of death not priests who chant vedic formulas more than being final but of of death leading inexorably 2500 years old by a banner to see that's to rebirth and of being suffering beings why oh man not a parachute or a thunder bound to the wheel of death and rebirth it is homologa yi-jeong be happy some hitaka said that Siddhartha had lived many lives because WA are chicory Haru was ballet before this one as countless animals Johann puja curtain happening Yaga cave innumerable human beings and even God's enhance a homily Delta all grumpy gopis across for incalculable ages the sacred Nakata radio songs are made in TV Prairie texts say and many aeons experiencing life huh un coup super Dan Carter aadhyatma in all its different forms Siddhartha's Santa Blanca got a food ago tongue go to previous lives many yawns sometimes as a Robert autumn Sun sod the centuries the human being sometimes as an animal but Vedic rituals had commanded respect for then gradually using his practice becoming the gods and inspired conviction but by more higher and higher and deeper deeper Siddhartha's time the rituals no longer the idea is from life through life to progress spoke to the spiritual needs of many Indians more and more to work the eye at the leaving a spiritual vacuum and a sense of Enlightenment and become wiser and wiser foreboding the gods become less important some beings will stubbornly insist on their than the rituals themselves it's a period of ignorance and their egotism and they will great unrest as a period of social upheaval charge ahead grabbing and eating what social change cities were growing they can in front of themselves and being on generating new wealth and spiritual hunger the dissatisfy I've been thinking that the next there's one ancient voice cried out in bite will do it and they will die and be reborn despair the oceans have dried up die before in infinite times it could take them mountains have crumbled the Polestar is in a billion lifetimes if they're very stubborn shaken the earth founders the gods perish and becoming a Buddha becoming I'm like a frog in a dry well a lot of people enlightened is the only way of getting out of aren't satisfied with the religion that they the continual cycle of death and rebirth now grew up in and when Prince Siddhartha rebirth here isn't the popular notion that you decides to give up his life he's doing know I'm a past life I was Cleopatra floating something that lots of other people were down the LA Nile or or or Napoleon it's as if doing Siddhartha joined thousands of every life is going through junior high school searchers like himself renunciants men and again over and over and over with the even a few women who had renounced the authority of the priests worn thin and wisdom seekers like Sadako roaming the to another popular guru but the results were countryside holy men emerged teaching the same the thought occurred to me he their own spiritual disciplines siddharta said later his practice does not lead to direct apprenticed himself to one of them a knowledge to deeper awareness celebrated guru who talked the true disenchanted he left this master to knowledge could never come from ritual Siddhartha continued to drift south still practice alone it was necessary to look searching for the answer to his questions within you may stay here with me the Guru why do human beings suffer is there any told him a wise person consumed well in his escape he's trying and trying and searching teachers knowledge and experience it and searching and he already experienced directly for himself Siddhartha said himself extreme luxury so now he tries extreme to learn the rigorous practices the Guru deprivation among the renunciants prescribed the teachers of the time are asceticism was a common spiritual practice already teaching forms of yoga and punishing the body is a way to attain meditation teaching that the self reflective serenity and wisdom Siddhartha fell in with capacity of the mind can be put to use to five other aesthetics and soon was out tame the mind to tame the passions that doing them in mortifying the flesh subjecting was already established in India and there his body to extremes of hardship and pain were probably so many schools of yoga and the body represents a fundamental problem meditation in those days just as there are old-age brings a decrepitude to the body now yo cable satirically in here sorry Kelly to sickness brings pain and suffering to the apne off swaha v-grooves elementa here body and death is ultimately the cessation yoga da Mucha lucha hey ki hyung Samadhi of the functioning of the body so there was a Co practical Johnny servin to Sukeena sense that if you could punish the body plant- yes sir we draw although yoga sufficiently you could escape its influence appears to focus on controlling the body it is you could transcend some of the limitations in fact an ancient spiritual discipline a form that the body seemed to impose the ascetic of meditation harnessing the energies of the pursues the truth by taking the requirements body to take mind time um child some of survival down to the absolute minimum Yogi's learn to sit without moving for hours possible barely enough food to stay alive no breathing more and more slowly until they protection from the elements no heat sit in seem to be barely breathing at all so Devo the cold sit in the rain meditate fiercely for one two Sukeena surveys and all kinds of all the hours of awakening the step of trance states are possible through renunciation of of shedding everything of meditation if you hold the mind if you dying the feeling that one is dying to two to concentrate the mind on a single object you one's life as it was is essential to being know be it a word or a candle flame or a reborn half as someone who sees the the sound it's possible to transport the mind into cedex can still be seen in India firm in the all kinds of interesting places the person belief that by subduing the flesh they can who was to become the Buddha was very gain spiritual power such a guy in Telugu good at all those practices he was a super listen literally covered get away each student doing these practices taking them to second each second of you protect their limit and no matter what he did in these modernity take such a guy ha giorgia practices he was still stuck in the pain that brother Froman he's here to talk Turkey he set out with he ascends to these very more data you Martin martyr emad raga but rarefied states of consciousness but it's not needed it with a male doctor mode permanent and it does not bring penetrating emaciated exhausted so doctor punished truth into the nature of reality so these himself for six years trying to put an end to become a temporary escape from the the cravings that beset him he tortures problem of existence but they don't solve himself trying to destroy anything within the problem so doctor apprenticed himself himself that he sees as bad the spiritual traditions of that time said you can be the planet as a whole the creatures of this liberated if you eliminate everything that's planet the trees and rivers of this planet human you know everything that's coarse everything is connected it was a beautiful and vulgar every bit of anger every bit of day his mind drifted as if by instinct he desire if you you know if you wipe that out crossed his legs in the yoga pose of with force of will then you can go into some meditation and the natural world paid him kind of transcendental state and the buddha homage as the Sun moved through the sky tried all that and he became you know the the shadows shifted but the shadow of the most anorectic of the anorectic ascetics he Rose apple tree where he sat remained still was eating one grain of rice per day he was he felt a sense of pure joy the joy that he drinking his own urine he was standing on found is in the world that is already broken one foot he was sleeping on nails he did it it's in this transitory world that we're all part all to the utmost my body slowly became of and the fabric of this world despite the extremely emaciated siddharta said my fact that it can seem so horrible the limbs became like the jointed segments of underlying fabric of this world actually is that fine or bamboo stems my spine stood out joy that he recovered that was his great like a string of beads my ribs shut it out like insight but he said I can't sustain a feeling of the jutting rafters of an old abandoned joy like this if I don't take any food so I building the gleam of my eyes appeared to better eat something and then at that be sunk deep in my eye sockets like the moment village made and mysteriously gleam of water deep and well my scalp appears carrying a bowl of rice porridge and shriveled and withered like a green bitter she said to him here eat that moment of gourd shriveled and withered in the heat generosity and release when he accepted and wind you but he was trying to do is the rice was a decision towards life it was pushing his body to the most extreme he what in the Christian tradition might be could but then he realized that from that he called grace that you cannot do it cannot gain but he mores trying to judge completely on your own and in Christianity you the body the body becomes too much the grace comes from the divine in the story the whole attention is given to the body of the Buddha the grace comes from the nothing is he surrendered himself ordinary kind heart of a girl who sees completely to the heart training that he was somebody starving and says eat there's given and what he discovered having tried something beautiful whenever I remember this completely for many years was that he that it's Tori it makes me so happy because had not answered his question it hadn't I see the heart of Buddha as the person he worked he was on the verge of death dying was like the siddharta this dish was the dis unawakened when he remembered used to be fed by his stepmother rice something he remembered a day when he pudding he was missing that so much and was young and sat by the river with his then he remembered maybe further and father and the perfection of the world as it further and he remembered about his wife was simply gave itself to him years before about his son and the deepest emotions when Siddhartha was a small boy his father that he had suppressed the vomer power the king had taken him to a spring planting they cam up they were still there we had a festival while he watched the ceremonial feeling of missing he had a feeling of seeing dancing he looked down at the grass he his hand and his feeling of being near his thought about the insects and their eggs loved ones never so powerful oh this must destroyed as the field was planted he was have soaked his whole entire being he was overwhelmed with sadness one great tap actually an utter failure he had been clinging root of Buddhism is compassion which is to the path of asceticism and when he took the deep affection that we feel for the food what followed was a return of his everything because we're all in it together original question life is painful life involves we had other human beings other animals change this is still a problem the problem didn't disappear it wasn't long before the army of demons he attacked Siddhartha did ascetics who had been Siddharth his not move and their weapons turned into companions found him eating and turned flowers Mara is the ruler of this realm of away and discussed Siddartha loves luxury desire this world that we all live in and what they said his forsaken his spiritual practice he's afraid Siddhartha is going to do when he has become extravagant but the man he attains enlightenment and becomes the who will become the Buddha realizes that Buddha is conquer that world that is he's extreme deprivation isn't the way to go we going to do away with desire he's going to can live as normal human beings we can he's gonna rep the whole game Mara did eat drink and in fact we kind of need to eat not give up he sent his three daughters to and drink and be normal human beings in seduce him siddharta remained still when order to break through in order to attain kind he faces Mara he faces himself and his own of realization that he was looking for destructive capacity but he's not the warrior siddhartha had put his faith in two gurus trying to do battle with those qualities he's they hadn't helped him he'd punished his discovered his own capacity for equanimity mind and body that had almost killed him he has become like you know the top of the now he knew what he must do to find the great Himalayan mountains you know the answer to his questions he would look weather is passing over him storms are within and trust himself bo gaya is a small raging around him and he sits like the top of town in northeastern India throngs of the mountain impassive not in a trance state pilgrims have come here from all over the you know totally aware of everything so he world for more than 16 centuries for frustrated tomorrow siddharta resisted every Buddhists there are hundreds of holy places temptation Mara could devise the Lord of but none more sacred than this one but desire had one final test he demanded to Gaia is the sacred point from which the know who would testify that Siddhartha was Buddhist faith radiates some pilgrims travel worthy of attaining ultimate wisdom and his great distances reciting prayers and demon army rose up to support him prostrating themselves every step of the siddharta said nothing he reached down way it is their Mecca and Jerusalem their and touched the ground and the earth holy of Holy's is not the imposing temple shuddered Mara's demon is glad the beside them but a simple fig tree ficus buddha reaches down and with his finger religiosa the Bodhi tree the tree it is said is touches the earth he says the earth is my descended from the Buddha style every witness he said mara you are not the earth pilgrim knows the story of how Siddhartha the earth is right here leave my finger and after accepting the rice milk from the young the earth is what we're talking about girl who decide the rags he was wearing accepting the earth not owning the earth not bathed himself in a nearby river and possessing the earth of the earth just as it is strengthened sat down in the shade of the abused and exploited and despised and Bodhi tree and began to meditate it was rejected and plowed and mined and shadow springtime the moon was full before the Sun on and everything else you know it's still the would rise Siddhartha's long search would earth and is it is it's we owe everything to it be over he sat down under a Bodhi tree in Siddartha meditated throughout the night the shelter of the natural world in all of its and all his former lives passed before him beauty and fullness and he said I will not he remembers all his previous life invented move from this place until I have solved my numbers of previous lives female and male problem let my skin and sinews and bones and every other race and every other being dry up together with all the flesh and blood in the vast ocean of life-forms and he of my body he said I welcome it but I will not remembered that old viscerally so that move from this spot until I have attained the means his awareness expanded to remit to supreme and final wisdom all at once Mara be old so all the moments of the past were Lord of desire rose to challenge him with an completely present to him he gains the power to see the process of birth death and kingdom of Mustang the last surviving relics rebirth that all creatures go through he's of an ancient world are found here the given this sort of cosmic vision of the Buddhist monasteries of old Tibet they're workings of the entire universe as the crumbling from neglect and sacred art more morning star appeared he roared like a lion than 500 years old maybe lost forever their my mind he said is at peace the heavens 15th century their priceless these are shook and the Bodhi tree rained down masterpieces now foreigners have come to flowers he had become the awakened one help save moose Don's treasures the oldest the Buddha something new opens up for religious site in the kingdom is threatened him which he calls Nirvana or which he calls with total collapse this thirteenth-century awakening he said at this moment all beings cave monastery was carved into the heart of and I awakened together so it was not just a high cliff most of it has eroded away him it was all the universe he touched the leaving a single secret shrine probably earth as Earth is my witness seeing this beyond rescue just beautiful in my heart of Morningstar all things and I awakened hearts if we did something and it went together it's not like entering a new state is wrong it would cause more strife and uncovering or surrendering to the reality that concern amongst everybody than if it just has always been there he realized he'd fell apart on its own this temple will always been in Nirvana that Nirvana was eventually tumble down the cliff with it will always the case your reality itself is Nirvana go masterpieces from a lost world there's it's the unreality it's your ignorance it makes nothing the foreign experts can do to save you think you're this subset self-centered them so the people of moose dung are separate being trying to fight off an asking what about the rest of their treasures overwhelming universe and failing you are we had fell idea what we were in for the first that universe you're already enlightened Westerners that had traveled up here in he's saying the the capacity for recent past had caused a lot of aggravation enlightenment that your awakeness already and developed a sort of distrust with the exists with. local people now trouble is brewing in shangri-la this isolated Kingdom in Himalaya is facing a dilemma touchy the gods are peeling off the walls and the only ones who can fix the problem are outsiders can they be trusted with the sacred art of Mustafa lost treasures of Tibet up next unknown the Buddha said everything is impermanent of course life is impermanent everything is impermanent the DA teaches us to prepare to face the impermanence and the temples statues mural paintings and that whole tradition is part of the teaching for Buddhists we have only a temporary hold on earth out of death and destruction comes rebirth certainly I and most of the people that I'm working with have that feeling of impermanence up here everything about the landscape the environment you're very aware of how impermanent life is and I high in the Himalaya is a kingdom long think it's a great symbol really of Mustang forbidden to foreigners a secret world the hidden treasures in the monasteries of untouched for centuries until its border moonstone are tragic examples of recently opened for the first time this is the impermanence these priceless displays of sacred art are now crumbling off the walls a to school to be a monk more than a quarter team of international conservators is trying of the Tibetan population was made up of to restore them and lama guru Gelson a monks and nuns in the kingdom of Mustang Tibetan monk is travelling to the medieval Buddhism still lives on but the population is city of LeMond tongue to inspect their work in decline fewer young people attend he has been sent by the highest Lama of monastic school many move away turn a the land a journey of eight days will carry living in India or Katmandu capital of Nepal him across the high Himalaya to the fabled in the largest village on the way to Lamont city of sacred art and temples I had an on a young monk has emerged from three impression that I'm going on a pilgrimage months of solitary meditation to drive out the because these places are quite sanctified evil forces surrounding the community it is a for me I haven't been to most on this this yearly purging the entire town turns out for room my first visit to Mustang once loos Lama guru is a sad moment reminder that town was a part of Tibet but then Nepal rituals like this are forbidden in his claimed it as a district later closing it off as a homeland Tibet as lama guru once knew it restricted area where outsiders were not no longer exists he like so many others fled welcome the people of Lomond tongue mu his country as a child in 1950 China invaded stars capital our citizens of Nepal but Tibet a nation rooted in the Buddhist faith ethnically Tibetan the Muslim people are became a killing ground of all things sacred Tibetans displayed the Tibetan language religion was outlawed over a million their origin is in the Tibetan culture moose Tibetans a sixth of the population were tongue is a land untouched and ageless the killed monks and nuns were systematically highest kingdom in the world life is as it was tortured and more than 6,000 monasteries 500 years ago here the sacred blends with and their precious art inside were destroyed the landscape long rock walls the prayers of the lifeblood of a culture has all but Buddha carved in each stone leave their disappeared Mustang is now one of the last impression on the passing minds of living vestiges of Tibetan culture which is travelers religious structures are a form of why Lama guru has come so far for him it is art a means to teach the world about a journey into his past I was around six Buddhist ideals pigments used on seven years when I left Tibet with my monuments mimic the vibrant hues of parents I have a very faint remembrance nearby mountains each stripe represents an about these things no my elder brother was individual deity fortress-like homes protect supposed to be taken to China at the time against the hostile forces of nature over so many youngsters are being collected by time the oldest structures the monasteries the Chinese for education first I was on the and ancient palaces have dissolved and back of my mother then I still remember the crumbled threatening the art and cultural past such high snow-capped mountains with survival of all of Mustang without cultural my brother going ahead with our pickax and identity nothing remains of the people there's always danger of falling down on the Buddhism was born 2,500 years ago in way too low man Tong is a hidden cave northern India when a wealthy young prince where deities are said to emanate from the named Siddhartha caught sight of the walls Buddhists come here on pilgrimage to poverty just outside his palace leaving his see if they can make out the human-like kingdom behind he dedicated his life to forms an old Lama who escaped Tibet is the finding a way to end human suffering at the caretaker of the caves he explains that age of 35 he attained nirvana and became those who can see the deities are closer to the Buddha the enlightened one the reaching enlightenment the people who Buddhist population of the world is over 500 have the highest development can see million for nearly 1,000 years Buddhism has everything of the deities and people who are thrived in Tibet almost every village had a low in the spiritual practice cannot see monastery each family sent at least one son anything changing the whole 17 anyone doing something about your body doctor children and also look after the welfare of number got a lasting did to the believer the whole community that is the life force of some 50 human-like figures seem to the culture but the life force is dying out emerge from the cave walls there's no gathered around Lama guru for picture- obvious evidence of tool marks for Buddhist taking is a tiny community of 70 Lamas and these are not mere objects they are students it's a far cry from the religious believed to transmit a living presence on a complex of a thousand monks that used to high pass at 13,000 feet a view of Tibet is exist here they are headed by the temple just beyond the distant Hills its border the abbot of the monasteries of low Lama guarded by the Chinese this is the first time guru receives a blessing from the Kempo to Lama guru has seen Tibet in years my enter to chin monastery for the first time for Minister cells are in unison so sure that you Buddhists the statues and paintings here use you from which editor sir but what it is I are as real as the images they signify want it bigger son it isn't on stringing prayer gleaming amidst the ruins is a statue of Lord flags will send words of compassion toward Buddha the founder of the Buddhist faith to his homeland an ancient practice that has come here is a dream I was really amazed lasted a thousand years pressing prayers how Buddhism has flourished in this reason onto cloth is the earliest form of printing in 500 years ago but we are really sorry to find the Himalaya the five elemental colors how things has been damaged conditions represent sky cloud fire water and earth and quite grim 17 images of the Buddha and his each prayer is believed to take flight on the attendants peer out from behind the grime heels of lungta or windhorse dispatches his to the people these are living deities trapped messages in the four sacred directions in behind a veil of soot entire pieces of the the valley below LeMond tongue the gods are missing where water is poured in forbidden royal city the kingdom's crown from the outside the damage is so extensive jewel an oasis in the high desert as in it obscures the greatness of the art even to medieval times the two great monasteries of the experienced eye of architect John sandy lo painted in red stand out against the when I walked in for the first time I was very surrounding houses for five centuries the aware of the damage it was only later on 30-foot walls enclosing the city have kept that I began to realize how fantastic the wall out unwanted visitors in its heyday low man paintings actually were their fifteenth tongues wealth was legend and so was its century their priceless these are first ruler a Tibetan warlord who's imposing masterpieces John Sande is using his white palace still houses his direct experience and skill as an architect to save descendant the king of Moose dong moose Tube Chen and its art the temple is a tongues early Kings built the greatest classic example of traditional Tibetan monasteries of the land dug chin and architecture a single great hole with 35 Champa they summoned the most columns supporting a flat roof the main celebrated artists of the day to adorn this cause of two Chin's problems rain water sacred space the kids were very religious leaking in where the roof meets the walls they were very pretty in preserving that has destroyed several wall paintings - Chen tradition and culture that was the most is slowly crumbling and so is the culture it glorious time of the the Mustang era over sustains no one has used it for worship for 500 years ago the monks from Tibet were over a hundred years I remember my first attracted to Lowe's great monasteries tope trip up here and seeing this ray of sunshine chin became a center of religious education coming in from the roof and in that Ray for monks who memorized religious books there was a little old lady covered in black and studied logic and philosophy sitting and I said who's she and they said I monasteries are the basis or let us say the was she's the woman responsible for essence of a threatened culture the initial off lighting the butter lamp and I said is there of social works for educating the young nobody else and they said no it's pretty dead so what are we doing here restoring a debated by the townspeople who can call temple where there's only one person the things to a halt anytime they want if anyone most important thing to us is to put life back has any complaints about the renovation into this place and so you can imagine feel free to speak up at any time although seeing how enormous it was thinking well we can see what has been done so far and where do we start I was a bit daunted by the decide for ourselves whether it has been whole thing John Sande started by hiring a done well with the roof now repaired John local work force to rip up the roof major has granted permission to go inside to clean sections of it will have to be replaced it's an tube gins deities this will be in the hands of excavation into the past digging up Rodolfo Luhan an Asian art conservator out centuries old rotting rafters over the of Rome trained in the same techniques sectional joists we're putting these round used for the restoration of the Sistine timbers and then directly on top of that flat Chapel 16 chapel was covered with soot stones which come from the river and then dust smoke coatings of various nature and two layers of clay clay or mud is Mustangs what do we have here exactly the same unique technology every job requires its thing nothing changes and what we found own formula a precise set of ingredients underneath all this dirt layer and so color mixed to a certain consistency the locals are brilliant colors to clean the paintings without masters in muddling alchemists of earth and removing the paint itself we'll take a their knowledge of the local clay is carefully balanced blend of solvents they invaluable to John sand a top-10 Bartha begin with a mixture of ethyl alcohol and having restored Cambodia's Angkor Wat powdered ammonium bicarbonate both are he's no stranger to Asian architecture but known to dissolve grease and surface dirt gaining the trust of the people of Mustang the wrong combination and the result could has become a new kind of challenge be catastrophic stripping off 500 year-old everybody who comes here remarks this pigments made from semi-precious stone must be what it was like to live in the now we can do a little test here on gold we medieval period the politics are certainly did many tests cleaning tests we apply our Byzantine and we've had to wait our way cleaning solutions through tissue paper or through quite a lot in dealing with the through cotton we arrived to find a very safe community with a growing outside interest in way of cleaning using a solvent that their monasteries the people of lo have removes what is on top of the painting but come to feel proprietary about their heritage keeps the painting in its place the dirt went some what does he think of our work I'm no on the cotton flap and here they're laude ma na na many of the townspeople scenarios and sand pigments that need are reluctant to place their sacred treasures special care and so there we go very in the hands of Westerners I remember my carefully accidents can always happen it's first warning when we were told that we not good to exclude that you can take away could go to Moscow and they said be very a little bit of paint years of water damage careful of the locals you'll find them have pulled the paintings away from plaster particularly difficult and bad-tempered and I the consistency of dust they're now hanging realized that one of the most important like curtains barely clinging to the wall we things is to gain people's confidence in the have a mud plaster and that is for filling up shop just because we were getting the gap the teasing between the plaster that sponsorship for the restoration of the is detached and the wall injections of a monastery we just ran to accept it thinking special adhesive who helped consolidate oh now we're getting something for free the flaking paint and separated plaster back to king of MU Stan presides over a town the wall it is a hospital for high art with liquid meeting one of many held in recent years to mortar now injected through the surface of weigh the merits of accepting foreign funds the painting cavities are filled in with a final every step of the renovation has been push understanding what the paintings are attached to is critical to the conservator at and ceiling beams as a result the entire tube chin the easel so to speak is a mud structure has shifted weakening the Timbers wall that must be able to stand up through causing cracks in the walls and paintings the centuries we're repairing a building they have to remember that this structure is which is built of impermanent materials and carrying an enormous load we've got tons we're faced with the problem of repairing and tons of clay and therefore you have to and conserving that John and his team are create a fairly strong beam each beam is an repairing a mud based parapet on the roof elaborate jigsaw puzzle to understand the of Tube channel so I lay your books on one complex design sandé commissioned a sir there are many words for mud in Lemont model discover that many small timbers on sisa nan motto pop and poon but none is were combined to provide the strength of a more fundamental than gong around the single solid structure the strengths in the world it's known as adobe and it comes make up of this beam is in the way the actually from the local fields the great secret Timbers are arranged you can see there are about laying this stuff is that it should just be at least 11 different levels of timber and the moist enough to be able to create a ball like purpose of this is to create a structural entity this so this is the perfect consistency yeah to spread the bearing point of the Timbers that will keep bringing the stuff in rhyming one has to remember that tip chin heads so it's absolutely solid and it hardens represents one of the largest structures of like concrete Young is the building block for its kind on the whole of the Tibetan Plateau all of Mustangs ancient architecture but over and this type of beam you'll never find time nature and neglect have prevailed the anything quite of this character and size walls of the kingdom are slowly dissolving anywhere else tube him bur structure is the away and tube Chen's priceless art is innovation of master wood craftsman I affixed to these impermanent walls by realized when we were embarking on this making young these workers are reviving project that I needed to bring up a group of one of Mustangs forgotten technologies this carpenters to teach the locals the whole is the first time yang has been made in process of how to repair and conserve Lomond tank for many many years so it's timber structures the Carpenters come from quite interesting getting the whole process a culture that probably built Mustangs great going again collected from the local Hills monasteries they are the nae waters another special clay can prevent water from Katmandu Valley known throughout the leaking through tube Chen's roof this Himalaya for their artistic skill the tradition particular type of plate contains salt and the endures and name our work like that of sati idea is that you spread it over the roof and man was one of John's best carpenters we it'll then soak in with the next rain and the are very lucky the SATA man also trained to salts go into solution they get into the be a wood carver he's working on one of the intestacy z' of the clay and then they swell great snow lines there must have been 30 and this actually provides a waterproof 40 of them would have needed repair and membrane to the roof your entire body you conservation it's nice to feel that we've are leveraged its own dinner dinner so he brought the neighbors back up into Mustang was explaining exactly what I've just told because the reputation certainly is famous you in fact that it doesn't leak is what he in this area the neighbors are still based in said and I hope he's right it may look as Kathmandu but in the 15th century they though they're a bunch of children playing were itinerant artisans whose skills were with mud but in fact these guys are great widely in demand they were also marvelous specialists in setting up these roofs over the sculptors both in stone and in metal in Tibet centuries with each new leak villagers have in particular you had this very rich Buddhist piled more dirt across tube Chen's roof now culture with a great deal of wealth that it weighs an estimated 200 tons this served as a magnet to the neighbor artists enormous mass strains the interior columns because they were preferred by many of the lamas in Tibet everybody said you want painting la victoire originally tests sketches great work get a noir cat a neighbor artist emerge in the margins under drawings they were wood carvers sculptors and metal acted as guidelines or blueprints for the final workers they were also master painters images grids reveal a strict eye Kannamma known across Asia for their use of vibrant tree where deities were painted according to colors vines and stylized flames painted in precisely determined proportions some deep vermilion became a noir signature this quest attendance for Salva did it on this motif found on walls was painted on a attendant we can see a vertical line that was canvas of mud made of many precise layers probably part of the grid used to maintain here we have a very developed mad based proportions Tibetan art is dictated by strict technology a mixture of straw clay and cow guidelines require the precision of the dung water make up the first layer the straw draftsman x' compass the artist process is acts as an insulating layer separating the as clinical as it is created you can have a paintings from the original wall the cow- huge image and the small image and the dung help stick the straw mixture to the wall proportions are exactly the same so the size on top of that then we have a sort of Ferb of the head the length of the neck if you travel very fine travel the gravel acts as a have it in this size let's say 1/4 of an inch or cushion for the paintings separating them as big as these balls the proportion must be from the straw and of course cow dung absolutely the same and that doesn't again the technique for sticking dung gravel change Buddhist art is not designed for is a sort of smear and then fling method on personal expression every hand position or top of this raw layer we had finer layers mudra of Buddha for example has a specific made out of local clays a smooth surface meaning and can convey the difference will be achieved by spreading on three between his moment of enlightenment and layers of progressively finer clays and then his role as a teacher special markings on top of these very polished there we have conveyed instructions mainly for color on a final very thin layer which is called a very tube Chen's walls master artists created a fine quite compact clay that probably was huge schematic for painting by numbers mixed with animal glue and then polish the there were maybe four five masters each technique is known as Seco or drywall this one has its own style and they had their method was vital to Michelangelo who apprentices their helpers and so on painted the Sistine Chapel in fresco a apprentices follow directions noted on the similar but wet plaster method Leonardo da walls and applied the pigments one at a Vinci but he painted the Last Supper in time most were made from semi-precious Seco at the same time tube controls were stone like vermilion for red or or permit for being painted 15th century Tibet in parallel yellow which takes three months to grind to with 15th century Europe was experiencing a powder pure gold was the final paint a renaissance of high art surprisingly both applied often to the jewelry of Buddha's cultures with no known connection were attendants if there is one glaring omission constructing wall paintings using similar the paintings bare no signature for technologies Italian conservator Luigi Feeny Buddhists is the subject not the artist that uses an infrared camera to see if there's endures it is taken years of effort for the evidence of the hand of the master artist in team to clean these enormous murals John the original drawings under the painting are and Rodolfo hoped the townspeople their signatures or clues that could tell us approve of their work as if drawing back a who painted these masterpieces stolen curtain for the first time Rodolfo is stunned lowest on camera in Ferrara see I'm using at the quality of the work he has revealed this infrared camera to try to discover what's these paintings of the 15th century these underneath the surface of the painting this are very beautiful images the technique was camera reveals a difference between the perfect the quality of the pigments the preparatory sketches and the actual execution itself of the paintings extremely refined with our exceptional I should say relate it to the Italian Renaissance where octave optimum paintings high quality that you found that the great Italian artists would we find here in tube chain we find that also really move around all over the European in Italian Renaissance period and maybe continent following the wishes and the the quality is even better than a great name desires of Kings princes and Pope's and as a Leonardo Michelangelo Raphael oh Cardinals whoever had the money they got and so on you have excellent artists that the best artists the images in tube Chen were completely unknown who will reveal if document the historical life of the Buddha we don't have a name it wasn't that the his ears long from years of wearing jewelry artists were selfless individuals who really signify his princely status but his lack of didn't care about fame or glory I think in fact adornments reflects his renunciation of all like all artists they were very proud of their things material but how well do these newly skills very proud of their talents and very clean murals convey the teachings of the eager to be recognized for what they had Buddha the king has come to see the done but it was just plain not the custom to results of the cleaning Rodolfo and John sign your name you were known to your hoped that with his approval they will be neighbors you were known to the court you able to move on to moose tongues other were known to the Kings to the high Lamas crumbling monasteries precious here lost that was enough but it's not enough for art while his organ issues with ultimate thank historians who debate which artistic you zone the consensus a job well done but tradition the paintings could have come from something's not quite right these credit on I see a lot of noir elements I see that love of was a little what I'm not God did someone the red of the deep red is a dominant color I said it could be able to learn more for the see the hand gesture is the way the hands King the conservators work isn't finished are drawn I see the use of the red on red they must complete the deities by filling in vine shapes in the backgrounds very the missing pieces at the negative one if figurative very symbolic these are all noir you must a little bit they should try to paint elements but other influences can also be the remaining part as it was before we need traced in the paintings we have these very the assistance of the experts to help us strong Chinese influence for example all the restore the art as it was in the past then it Brocade they appear like being Chinese silk will be good but if the restoration does not you can see they're Chinese in style and complete the art then it will do more harm pattern those broke aids were luxury goods than good we have to worship what is there throughout the world Chinese were famous I do telling Emily shoot the cure me the art for silk those soaps were used in Tibet were inside tube Chen is fraught with cracks and donated by the Chinese emperors to the missing pieces to the people of lo these Tibetan Lamas and were the things that imperfections to face the living gods in they actually would decorate the gods width some places they literally cut the gods in the neighbors were famous for and very half here we have to reconstruct enormous good at doing whatever the patron wanted areas of painting in Europe we would have the arcing tube chin may reflect what we left it just as we found it in a very literal can truly call Tibetan a crossroads of geological way hmm but this is not the influences from Nepal China and even India concept these people have they they they the style is a Tibetan style it's a hybrid style need the complete image the king and the single most important input into that Kempo a vast Lama guru to assess the style in my opinion is the noir style when a situation you can see here that the two high Lama decided to build a new points do not match it's a very thin crack monastery the news probably got around and so in this case I was thinking to just pretty quickly oftentimes the best artists leave the crack only in that way is too light were in the itinerant business because that so dark and dark indeed the way that the was where the action was you can kind of eye doesn't catch the track by itself yeah otherwise it look a little bit of scar exactly conservators and the people of new stone Lama guru sees the cracks as scars can't come to agreement then the kingdom's deforming the deities this arts has its own remaining monasteries could be lost in the meaning it is not the for the sake of art so in philosophical debate john wants to begin this work one has to think from the point work on Champa the oldest monastery in view of the local people restoration in the Lemont tongue but first the community sense means anything such damaged has needs to grant him permission the town to be restored completely that is very very gathers to make a final decision as a result important from the point view of Tibetan of the last meeting that we held in Champa Buddhism is another way of seeing art here we have completed all the requests one has artists not as we see it but is part of daily life to remember that we are visitors here it's here is not a way of saving it and putting it not our prerogative to dictate to the local into a crystal box but we live in contact with community we can maybe inspire them we it however sympathetic to the views of their can advise them but they're the ones that Buddhist hosts the conservators believe have the final say I think in the long run our their role is to preserve what's there not influence our passion for these paintings will interpret what's missing Rodolfo will win through but for now john has given complete the paintings in some areas but he limited access to Champa you can only you will use delicate cross hatching to fix the damaged paintings to the walls these differentiate his work from the original this are the world's greatest surviving collection restoration with watercolors can be removed of 15th century mandalas maze-like at any time and the final product to the diagrams of the universe they're very fragile naked eye integrates the watercolors into they're literally in many cases hanging off the painting as a whole where the gaps are the wall and any major vibrations may enormous tube chen may be scarred cause these to fall off vibrations may beyond repair you can see here we have become a real problem for tube Chen and this white plaster and then the drawing of Champa for the kingdom is on the brink of what is missing so we complete an image change their horse based culture the only without painting without interpretating but form of transportation for centuries is about only by a single red line that is a to be transformed a road is under compromise between the west and the east construction the first road in Mustang soon so i think this is a good way of matching and to pass straight through Loeb if it goes as respecting both ideas the other bottom but planned trucks will roll dangerously close to the people want the paintings completed the monasteries threatening to topple them and if they have to they'll find someone who with the same force as a series of small can do it when we see the incomplete and earthquakes the direct effect is that it can damaged noodles we feel something is start dislodging parts of the historic missing the cable the reservoir there are structures and over a period of time as a many such instance in the history when the buildup which will eventually literally shake buddhist monasteries arts and Idriss has the structure to a point of collapse obviously been damaged but every time somebody these areas need roads but it's a question take the initiative to restore it if they want to of where you put that road you don't look at pay a good painter i should say should be her if there are many vehicles then the an excellent painter a great master because horse culture may decline things are the way of painting of the original is I think changing year after year at present our impossible it would be extremely costly culture is still like the past and until I die I firstly then secondly the quality of painting have hopes that it will remain like this and feeling this kind of art I think is each maybe the kicking out on a telephone would period is belongs to the time so I don't know form a tube Jen the restored monastery if they want to paint with commercial paints there are signs that the culture of the past is acrylic paints is up to them if the undergoing a revival three tibetan businessmen with permission to cross the this knowledge in a series of elaborate border have come here on pilgrimage to see paintings Tibetan medicine is the focus of a the holy site that we might enjoy that you worldwide interest in traditional medical thought maybe in my area there's just one knowledge one of the conceits of present- monastery with only five months the chinese day society is the notion that modern destroyed all the others during the science technology and medicine have revolution the section for the first time in made the past irrelevant but long before over a century the community gathers to there was even science or medicine people worship here hundred that was from the were observant and inventive as they dolphins indeed coco duty since tibet lost developed ways to combat sickness both her independence and because of the physically and psychically India and China restrictions that exist there as a monk i am have traditional practices that have roots in very grateful to be able to stand here and antiquity and we're gaining insights into give a talk in this precious monastery life traditional medicine from the near-mythical has returned to to Jim and to mark the kingdom of Tibet steeped in Buddhism that occasion 10,000 butter lamps are lit the old could be invaluable in industrialized ways burn bright in the face of great change countries as well in lhasa tibet the birthplace the whole concept of Buddhism is one of of tibetan medicine much of buddhist impermanence and therefore we have to heritage has been dismantled or destroyed face it that our work is also impermanent the Buddhism's ancient synthesis of priests and future of this hidden kingdom is uncertain healer doesn't always coexist easily with but to the Buddhist way of thinking communist ideology but many Buddhists everything is in the process of passing away have hung on to their traditional beliefs but also of returning. when the Buddha left his sheltered life it was the shock of seeing someone who was sick someone old and then someone who had died that set him on the path to enlightenment the Buddha himself claimed to be a healer not a God and offered his teachings as remedies not Gospels known as Sun Yaman 'la he is the medicine Buddha the master of remedies the healing deity of Tibetan medicine his radiant body is azure blue the colour of healing in his hands he holds a bowl filled with the nectar of long life and the flower of healing guided by centuries of practical science Tibetan doctors are taught that there is nothing in the world that cannot be used in some form as a medicine and their traditional knowledge includes turning a vast number of minerals and plants into medicinal compounds practitioners still use treatments 1200 years ago the people of Tibet that used to be part of Western medical developed a comprehensive medical practice but have now been changed or system they understood how the mind can abandoned the ancient wisdom of Tibetan powerfully affect the body they use subtle medicine resides in this stunning visual ways of changing the body's chemistry with encyclopedia of the human body and medicines made from plants and minerals psyche based on centuries of observation they blessed their medicines and their these intricate paintings represent a blend patients in lengthy rituals and they encoded of Buddhist spiritual teachings a complex medical science and an elegant art form ensure that the illustrations were accurate these paintings were made with a master painters visit the sky burials most remarkable insight into how the human corpses in Tibet were cut apart and offered brain absorbs knowledge they're a visual to the vultures at the funeral grounds the record created to pass along a vast amount actual construction of the human body was of information in logical groupings this tree very clear traditionally two or three of the branches off to display the three basic brightest monks from each monastery would methods of diagnosis first observation the be chosen to study at a Medical School in leaves show the doctor how to look carefully Lhasa over the years these monk doctors at the patient's body particularly the tongue traveled across the Tibetan Plateau and urine the center branch shows the spreading their medical knowledge and their importance of touch and accurately taking Buddhist faith throughout Central Asia they the pulse the last branch illustrates how the expand Tibetan influence north into Russia doctor should question the patient asking in establishing thriving Buddhist communities detail about symptoms past illnesses daily in Bharata the region around Lake Baikal habits moods diet and any areas of pain as between Mongolia and Siberia the Tibetan buddhist tibetan doctors were unburdened culture takes root expressing itself through by beliefs and ritual purity or caste so they the Buddhist religion and a uniquely were never reluctant to handle and examine Siberian variation of Tibetan culture but the bodily materials this was probably why they Tibetan medicine of Lhasa and far away were noted for their excellent diagnostic Bharata were to be tested by a new god of skills some Buddhists say that their book of scientific socialism and progress in Russia medicine came directly from the Buddha or the overthrow of the czars and the dropped from heaven here in the yarlung Bolshevik Revolution marked the beginning Valley near Lhasa others with a more of a Dark Age for the buddhists of Bharata historical bent point to Tibet's first great Stalin's purges in the 1930s release an King song Stan gampo under his auspices inexplicable brutality on a massive scale Tibet held its first international medical monasteries are burned to the ground or conference in the 8th century inviting reduced to rubble religious manuscripts and physicians from the neighboring countries of relics are looted and destroyed but its India Nepal Greece Persia and China to leaders are executed by the thousands share their knowledge your talk the elder Tibetan Buddhists are also living on the Great Sage of Tibetan medicine took the borrowed time in March of 1959 the essence of each system and created a Chinese army invades to bet the people distinctly Tibetan fusion reflected in the first resist occupation and are crushed by widely accepted Tibetan medical text the Chinese troops a hundred thousand four Tundras in Europe in the 17th century Tibetans flee before the invading army the to be medically curious is a dangerous Chinese demolished over six thousand pursuit at the same time that European monasteries and temples and systematically doctors are defying the church by secretly destroy medical texts wherever they find dissecting bodies and herbalists and them in order to avoid being captured or midwives are burned at the stake medical killed the Dalai Lama and a small group of knowledge is flourishing in Tibet under the monks and officials set out across the direction of the fifth Dalai Lama at this time Himalayan mountains the Dalai Lama finds a tibetan scholar wrote a brilliant new refuge in Dharamsala India the exiled medical commentary a careful compilation Tibetans are determined to keep their of the leading-edge medical science of the Buddhist faith and their science of healing time he also commissioned the set of alive the heart of Tibetan culture continues illustrations to accompany the new text the now in exile in Dharamsala the area in medical wisdom of a thousand years of northern India granted to Tibetans after the practice was distilled on 279 cloth panels to Chinese invasion of their homeland the Dalai Lama considers Tibet's unique diagnosis using careful observation a medical tradition one of its most important trained sense of touch and a real dialogue contributions to human well-being he with his patient is this where it hurts serious insisted that one of the community's first ah when you eat hot chilies do you get a projects should be setting up a new Medical headache when you eat too much oil or fat Institute beginning in 1961 with one building sonority Meena Dada Western medicine is the large complex now houses a school and good for acute illness and for emergency a facility for manufacturing traditional cases as when there are traumatic injuries medicines the handful of trained doctors Authority whereas Tibetan medicine is good who followed the Dalai Lama into exile were for long-standing conditions or chronic able to re-establish Tibet's entire medical diseases its particular strength is getting at system because as a part of their traditional the root cause of diseases rather than training they had learned all of the ancient masking or just treating the symptom that texts by heart dr. Dawa guides his students one area Mandy how much here in the through the seven year course required to Tibetan system one of the most important become a doctor of Tibetan medicine but methods of diagnosis is by means of the this classroom looks a little different from pulse but dr. Dawa is doing more than what it would have a hundred years ago not checking how fast it is he uses each of three everyone is a month many of the students fingers to evaluate the health of a different are women and a significant number of internal organ next the urine the color odor them plan to study Western medicine as and characteristics of the bubbles in the well so Authority the quality is necessary for urine all point to what might be out of a physician are to be knowledgeable and balance in the patient's body from the color experienced another very important thing is of the urine and how the bubbles disappear that the doctor has to be kind-hearted and it seems this is a bit serious try to eat more have a loving compassionate nature I'm fruit but not sour fruit for the time being I will Judy Cambridge Chandi your eq8 a god dr. prescribe medicine for one week then come Dawa knows the Tibetan medicine must back with another urine sample initially continue to evolve yeah we can't be content almost every disease stems from an just to say Tibetan medicine is one of the unwholesome diet or improper behavior most ancient systems of healing we need to which cause imbalances in the body interact with modern medicine so we can according to the Tibetan knowledge of authenticate our results and cross-reference healing the four main methods of treatment our diagnosis and treatments to correct are correct diet and behavior the inaccuracies that doesn't mean we should appropriate medicine and accessory lose our identity in trying to imitate Western therapies like massage and acupuncture so medicine we need to create dialogue with touchy elem so it must heal in Dharamsala Western science in the West scientific the spiritual and physical elements of knowledge can have an uneasy fit with Tibetan medicine remain inextricably linked spirituality but dr. Dawa finds no but China and Russia have sought to sever contradiction between his understanding of the bond want to know what we're up to visit medicine and his faith in the Buddha's our website inulin Odette the capital city of teachings Buddhist doctors believe that the Bharata Buddhism and Tibetan medicine healing they offer their patients is part of have not been completely embraced to their own spiritual growth a way to practice Vandor ji is a Buddhist monk and a doctor compassion on the path to enlightenment who practices traditional Tibetan medicine no salad on the daily she but didn't you here it hasn't always been easy at times destroy business or didn't in Tibetan he's been hounded by the KGB and medicine healing is a collaboration between forbidden to leave the country to Vaughn doctor and patient no blinking lights or high- Dorji Radney avec also known as to van tech equipment and dr. Dawa makes his lama may not be your image of a typical Buddhist monk but complete with cell phone inflamed and scab over and just peel off the and a busy schedule he's an mg Lama a modern medicine didn't help so we came doctor of traditional Tibetan medicine he here to see the Tuvan Lama it was works out of a small clinic in a Buddhist miraculous his medicine helped at once community center to Vaughn Dorji takes a zorax cheeks healed who I started to vow very similar to the Hippocratic oath to breathe normally unfortunately for Zurich do his utmost to cure and to treat every Tibetan herbal medicines aren't sugar patient equally regardless of age race or coated as a Buddhist doctor to Vaughn Dorji well no he may be wearing the traditional believes he can help strengthen the healing robes of a monk but to Vaughn Dorji deals power within his patients he prays for each with some very contemporary medical of them to regain their health and be freed issues as a Buddhist he's opposed to from their suffering when this engines assisted suicide he believes organ donation internal organs and then m'lady get in the should be encouraged and thinks artificial water lighten the load and you already insemination can be of great help to women lighted only a few of the highly-trained mg who want children up to 30 patients a day llamas had survived the brutalities of the walk through the doors of his clinic with thirties and Buddhists were still considered every possible medical problem it isn't that class enemies by the Soviet state so when we ignore modern Western medicine they two von Dorji decided to become a Buddhist have their own excellent aspects such as doctor he faced some serious obstacles but surgical treatments and computer analysis there were difficulties to go to a Buddhist they can be very effective and we can make school you had to get permission from the use of them if it in the future I hope we can Communist Party Central Committee all the combine the good points of Western way in Moscow but here in borracho I was medicine and traditional Buddhist medicine very lucky to meet a sham Bar Dorje what I mean the a his first patient is 11 Gamboa the man who until the end of his month old Zorich he's back for a check-up life would always teach me humble Imam he for a skin condition - Vaughn Dorji is treating got me into the Institute and I graduated in more and more patients with allergies and 1982 when two van Lama finished his skin problems he believes there's a link to medical training he was forced to register the chemicals now found in food - Vaughn with the KGB he's not the bull um but I did Dorji relies on a sensitive touch careful all the llamas were supposed to tell on one observation and quiet listening and if the another who was doing what and they tried patient is too young for a conversation it's to force us to spread rumors about each all the more important to be aware of body other and I refused to do this fortunately language the color of the skin and overall they did not stop me from being a llama I energy hmm I'm no more to build with a was allowed to go to Mongolia but I was baby I look mainly at the face economy it barred from going anywhere else so I shows everything that would indicate inner couldn't leave the country to continue my diseases a typical treatment starts with education mr. Romney granny region don't herbal medicine and changes in diet whoa even ask it was a time when any kind of come on now Zurich you need to take some religious expression in Russia was medicine no what's with all of you guys to considered ignorant or subversive but the deal with you buddy hey what did this gluten Buddhist belief that everything is you should give him natural food don't give impermanent turned out to be quite true him the artificial stuff in packages that kind things in Bharata were about to change has lots of preservatives no something uh once again in 1989 after the collapse of the she did it bit me for the first few months we Soviet Union Buddhism was declared a treated him with ointment sand creams but legal religion and once again the temples everything got worse and worse it even are a place of celebration the monastery affected his breathing his skin would get colleges that had been destroyed or abandoned are being rebuilt and every the Buddhism with it just dig on this side family is proud to have one of their children genghis if we dug around and destroyed the become a monk given Dorji has a more root system and took all of it that would be secure future as a buddhist doctor he has a bad we have to be careful because the medical license from the russian plants are our future it's not only you who government though it doesn't allow him to comes to collect here but other people practice at the local hospital 's first patient is gudule Molly another very close and mrs. gamma she's a social worker and sees Lawson well Genghis this will be enough for the Tuvan Dorji for both physical and one maybe two years we'll see maybe we'll spiritual reasons he listens to her anxiety go out again next year and what is the over a court decision being handed down if licorice root used for I'll make a medicine things go badly for her partner he may be with it to treat coughs it helps clear the sentenced to three years in jail this is chest over the centuries Tibetan doctors gamma receives a blessing in the prayer for acquired a vast knowledge of plant habitat a good outcome exposing bridgewater a and medical uses from tonics for the doctor must have a big heart he must immune system to sedatives and antiviral understand his patients soul and help them compounds they learned how to purify and psychologically and spiritually how are you combine plants to treat a wide range of keeping it along with being knowledgeable diseases even though over one-third of our he should be open-minded he can't keep own pharmaceuticals are derived from plant himself isolated from the world he can't stay sources there are still many secrets to inside a capsule I knew that great feeling unlock from centuries of Tibetan botanical carmine come the mg Lama is now my knowledge Tuvan Dorji introduces his personal physician he's the kind of person nephew to the same ancient texts and that you can open up your soul to he has medical illustrations that he learned from at such understanding eyes health and mind that time there were no young lamas they are connected and the most important thing were all 70 or 80 years of age and had been is that the doctor and the patient are friends in prison only a few of them had somehow at Sagat is about an hour's drive from the survived the brutality of the 1930s I was capital of Wulin Hooda it's one of a network lucky to find a teacher divan Dorji has of Buddhist monasteries built in this region mastered the art of pulse diagnosis and he to Vaughn Dorji used to be the head of this wants to make sure that Genghis will be monastery and still comes back to take part able to use this technique when it's time for in the temple rituals his nephew Genghis him to treat patients give us an average who himself hopes to become a doctor one elevator your hands have to be like this or day spends the summer's here learning all people try not to leave them in cold water he can about Tibetan medicine from his for very long we also make sure you wear uncle autumn is the time to harvest many of gloves if you hold a hot cup you have to the plants used in traditional medicines the take care of these three fingers so if you plants energies concentrate in the roots as want to enhance their sensitivity you should leaves and fruit fall away you stay here and soak them in warm milk at the part of the guard the house oh is it to Vaughn Dorji and masculine remember as you diagnose your Genghis head out to gather liquorice an patients these fingers are our weapons important ingredient in medicine to treat against disease that traditionally Buddhist coughs no sir Vasily come fight me trekking doctors make their own medicines it's a skill to remote places to harvest medicinal herbs to Vaughn Dorji once genghis to learn will has always been a part of a doctor's training prepare this five-part mixture that has to be the route here is thin usually it's thicker it's taken with water it's very useful after hard very sweet during the hard years back in the attack it's like a tonic for the heart you know 40s licorice root was used instead of sugar all the ingredients nutmeg Indian long we would give it to the children there is near pepper mood an annamund ginger here I'll show you a thorough knowledge of the encouraging them to find refuge in the plants is something that will take years but Buddha's teachings and the prospect of meanwhile a willing young person can be rebirth I noticed not a typical model very helpful with the more laborious part of Bethenny's business she is completely things put your weight evenly at both ends aware that death is near at hand I think and don't forget to keep reciting the she's a very rageous woman she can fight medicine Buddha mantra finished at last the disease a little longer but mainly she after six long hours mm-hmm yes wonderful needs to keep a calm mind and prepare for very well done when you prepare a her death here there are no frantic attempts medicine like the one will around here it is to prolong life at any cost a patient's death so far only a mixed German not yet a isn't a failure it's a transition an awakening medicine that usually Custer can use no this from the dream of life Tuvan Lama is not much time now we have to read the presiding over a funeral of a resident of mantra the mantra for the medicine Buddha Oswegatchie village his role has switched not the prayers energize the medicine and from healer to spiritual leader reincarnation strengthen its healing powers in the past is a matter of fact to us Buddhists the soul is these ritual prayers that give the medicines reborn over and over again getting closer to the power to cure could be held over a enlightenment each time whether you are period of months this particular blessing is born a monk a laborer a scientist or a conducted over five days and nights both farmer you must try to develop your inner monks and the students of the Medical spirit if you do not surrender yourself to School take part want to know what we're anger or cruelty in this life you will climb the up to visit our website plummeting ladder one more step in the next in this way temperatures and fresh snow marked the we try to become as much like the Buddha beginning of the Siberian winter as possible with each life that we live magnificently harsh and delicate in Kiva de burning the photograph severs the last Sigma has come all the way to our Zagat connection of the deceased person to this dotson to consult with to Vandor ji I see that world the purpose of the burial Rite is to let you've lost weight it's because of this the soul leave in peace and find rebirth in terrible disease I have cancer she was Buddhism this present life is considered to diagnosed at a hospital in town with be a preparation for death and the new lives stomach cancer but it's important to her to to follow the coffin is turned away from the get his diagnosis and his advice too as he village so the soul won't be able to find its holds her frail arm he can immediately tell way back relatives visit the graves for 49 that her condition is terminal please be still days at which point the soul will be reborn when did you start feeling bad last autumn simple wooden stakes with banners of the what do you eat these days porridge and Sun Moon and mantras marked the graves fish I also take some oil mixed with alcohol relatives circle the grave three times in a the doctor said it would kill the pain yes it's final farewell jovan Dorji is the last to leave true that your condition is not very good he must close the path so the soul cannot does your stomach hurt yes around here follow them back to the village but death is regardless of whether it gets better or worse always followed by renewal and life here at please do not forget your prayers as he the octagon Datsun Genghis is helping sees her to the door he knows he may be organize the New Year's fire ceremony two saying goodbye he encourages her to keep fires will be live it's the biggest party of the a calm mind and seek refuge in the Buddha season and the rituals oh as much to Barratt I've lived a long life and my children have tradition as they do to Buddhism all that is grown up like all Buddhist doctors to fajn good and we Heuer should be brought to Dorji has a great responsibility for helping one fire and all that's bad and negative is his patients through the last stages of life he brought to the second fire to burn away helps each one make their own journey completely people come here to leave their sickness and go to the other fire to become pure again and to be prosperous and healthy people start to gather at dusk they bring bags of wheat flour balls which they've rubbed over their bodies they believe they'll be rid of all earthly desires and karma when the balls are burnt in the fire the paper skull is an offering to yamaraja the king of life and death down there as the two fires light up the winter sky one burns away the failures of the past year the other lights the way for it took more than a thousand years for health and happiness in the new one we Buddhism to spread from the plains of India improve the contract in fifth order for you in to the Himalayan snow peaks and then on Buddhism and Tibetan medicine go together to the Tibetan Plateau but once it had taken they are inseparable other people may think root Buddhist values of non-violence differently but I believe you have to know tolerance and respect for the environment the foundation of Buddhism to understand began to influence communities throughout the foundations of the medicine you need to Tibet in Bhutan high on the rock face of a understand it with your body your mind and mountain there is a cave known as the your soul Buddhists medicine will be alive Tiger's Nest in the ninth century Padma as long as we pass on the heritage to new Sam bhava the founder of Tibetan generations as long as patients want to be Buddhism meditated there for those that treated with mg Lamas we will keep our undertake the strenuous climb up to it the tradition and I believe people will come to us journey symbolizes a path to a Pure Land for help as long as Buddhist medicine has the ultimate goal being enlightened the power to heal Taman human beings Buddhist teachings are profound ways of face four main sufferings they are part and inner transformation they are available to parcel of life birth sickness old age death it anyone possessing the courage and is very important to know why we face these diligence to practice them at the center of problems in our life if we realize and this world is the llama or spiritual teacher a understand these things it helps us maintain living example of enlightenment as a a positive attitude the Tibetan culture in spiritual leader he also participated in every Lhasa was damaged in the last century by aspect of Tibetan culture allama was tides of history that shook the entire world capable of inspiring and guiding others to but change is the rule not the exception the realize the unshakable awareness of their atlas of Tibetan medicine was once own mind one such teacher was Ken serum suppressed by revolution now all 79 shape the Dalai Lama was one of the many paintings are available as digital files on the teachers who was inspired and taught by Internet the spirit of the medicine Buddha consumption he was one of my main goals the master of remedies continues through and especially the thoughts in teaching and the centuries to minister to the bodies and also some other very rare was a oral souls of the faithful. transmission not only a pneumo tradition but also cited revision given tradition and also great tradition say I shipped from him so I I consider late into the chain is very very grateful where we have for my special practice when he sits on chair or throne Arab say magnificent very impressive is body prints very well well well Jose we were built I think he always smiled always fine the Dalai Lama requests teachings from Kensei rinpoche making a symbolic offering of wrote a letter to his parents father and precious stones as a symbol of the whole mother stay in your beautiful home his son universe visualizations ritual objects and longs instead for empty caves a handbook sometimes even costumes are used by the of spirituality is all I wish to keep the smiling teacher to show the student a means of faces will be with me always and if one day I transforming his perception of the world an might reach spiritual realization I shall repay opening to his potentially enlightened state your great kindness to me for the next 15 at the end of this three-day empowerment years Kenzi rubbish a meditated in many the roles are reversed and as a sign of caves often remaining snowbound for the humility Jensi Rinpoche requests the Dalai entire winter of his main teacher session Lama to bless him as a symbol of gratitude Gayle SAP he said that was overwhelmed for the gurus teachings the Dalai Lama by the splendor of his expression he would offers him a ceremonial white scarf called a gaze at me and ask what is the nature of kata and requests him to pray for Tibet and mind I felt that he was exactly the same as is it according my own experience of course the Buddha and I began to understand how it's a as a result of meeting these big to meditate after many years of studying masters is in my speech development I fall with his second teacher can say Chucky for my suspicion development a bit Llodra he told him that he wished to spend beneficial great benefit Buddhism was born the rest of his life in solitary retreat but his in India 2,500 years ago when an Indian teacher was adamant the time has come for prince named Siddhartha left the wealth and you to give others the precious teachings comforts of his father's palace to find the you have received his first major teaching meaning of life after many years of was given to 2,000 Yogi's in the province of meditation he realized the ultimate nature of Ando lasting for over six months from then reality and became known as the Buddha or on until the end of his life Kensi rempah she the awakened one Padma Sam bhava is never stopped teaching in 1949 China revered by Tibetans as the second Buddha invaded Tibet by the end of the 50s the he was invited by the king of Tibet to occupation was solidified sorrow and establish Buddhism in the land of snows the devastation tore through a thousand years extraordinary power overcame all resistance of peace a human and cultural genocide both human and supernatural that he soon found the Dalai Lama followed by a encountered on his journey to bring hundred thousand Tibetans escaped to Buddhism to Tibet through the power of his India 6,000 monasteries were destroyed 1 realization Tibet became a unique spiritual million Tibetans died Ken serum she wrote society whose traditions have remained that beautiful country is a dreamlike illusion unbroken until the recent occupation by the it's senseless to cling to it unless the inner Communist Chinese ironically these tragic forces of negative emotions are conquered events were the catalyst for Tibetan strife with outer enemies will never end teachers to bring their wisdom and fleeing from the invasion of his country can experience to the rest of the world many see ronpa che was invited to take refuge in people who met these great masters were the kingdom of Bhutan this mountain struck by their kindness sense of humor and kingdom has remained unconquered and extraordinary presence and began to learn independent ever since Buddhism was first that Buddhism was not based on introduced soon the power of his realization withdrawing from the world but drew many students to him as the years unimpressive love and compassion the passed he became the foremost teacher in lasting happiness can only come from inner Bhutan revered by all from the king and peace Kensei rubbish a was born in 1910 in queen mother to the humblest farmer he eastern Tibet at the age of 13 he felt a deep generously gave teachings and performed longing to pursue spiritual life and go on a ceremonies working to preserve peace and long meditative retreat I'm leaving home he nurture buddhist traditions in bhutan shantideva the seventh century buddhist responding to all requests for spiritual masters said all the joy the world contains guidance recipient getting killed their final has come through wishing happiness for alignment from the vertical point of course others while the misery the world contains the Buddhahood is their final enlightenment has come through wanting pleasure for they are they I think we can say that is the oneself consumer purchase compassionate ultimate nature of consciousness or mind till activities embraced not only the kingdom of you reach Buddhahood the study practice Bhutan but also Nepal cecum and India and no end when put but the alignment but that later extended to Europe and North America alignment of Buddhahood comes then you it was near the Great Stupa of bodhnath in can get complete rest then no need effort till Nepal that consumer she decided to build a that till that is eleven yes concerned effort large monastery similar to the session need for the Tibetan Buddhists each monastery that had been destroyed in Tibet symbolic object gesture or chant is an it took over 12 years to build the site was offering representing an outer projection of consecrated in a ceremony attended by an inner meditation the ultimate goal is to many young lamas even before the realize the true nature of mind at the end of monastery was finished it was part of the nine days and nights of uninterrupted community's spiritual life for several years meditation participants in this ritual each many artists and the families lived inside the hold a lamp symbolizing the light of wisdom half-built monastery creating the thousands kenta Rinpoche is grandson and spiritual of traditional paintings gold covered heir Rob Cameron Bechet leads the chant sculptures ceremonial masks and costumes they pray to relieve the sufferings of all that are used in the daily life of the Tibetan beings and vow to be reborn and practiced monastery session monastery offers one of together in future lives we guarantee the most authentic examples of these agenda a little from the book whatever word sacred arts outside of Tibet Kensei run every object in the ritual has an inner pouchees day began at 4:00 in the morning meaning this five petal crown symbolizes with meditation and prayers which would the transformation of five harmful emotions last until nine o'clock then people would hatred greed ignorance pride and jealousy arrive to receive his teachings and blessings into wisdom and the fire ritual the flames assume that he was living many lives at the symbolized the wisdom that burns away same time with a writing one of his 25 ignorant and self-centered emotions at the volumes of commentaries being in retreat end of a large ceremony the intricately teaching scriptures building monasteries or created sand mandala is swept up and providing for the spiritual needs of whoever scattered into a river a reminder of the appeared before him his life was an endless impermanent nature of everything in offering to others Kensei Rinpoche was session the sacred dances that had been always involved with the education of the forbidden and occupied Tibet were now young monks often quoting to them the revived during a two-day annual festival the words of the Buddha I have shown you the monks share with the entire lay community methods that lead to liberation but you their inner spiritual experiences through should know that liberation depends upon these sacred dances these symbolic yourself seek is the job for majestic keep da movements are said to have the power to grooving like a red lock on love piloted by liberate the mind from disturbing emotions posit a doctor would make fun of us or hot every year Kenzie Rinpoche rob.jenn pie and a hood but happy and I bet they do Rinpoche and his disciples would gather in not follow us on our toe tag and devotion as India under the tree where the Buddha if reading from an unseen book cancer in received enlightenment and offer prayers for Peshawar would teach effortlessly without world peace those with compassion are kind pause or hesitation he taught in every free even when angry those without compassion moment of the day until late at night kill even as they smile by offering thousands of devotions a day these monks pray to take press is therefore no less sacred than a upon themselves the sufferings of all beings temple the 200-thousand hand-carved wood and to send them happiness in return all blocks of scriptures stored at the press are over the Himalayas prayers are carried by once again being used to print copies of the the wind that blows over flags and by water texts a quiet moment with an old friend who turning prayer wheels prayers are also had not been able to escape the Chinese carved in rock as long as space and doors occupation special celebrations welcome and as long as beings exist may I to remain the great master it is here at session that to dispel the misery of the world in 1985 Ken serum Boucher met his own teacher after sealing the borders for decades the and received his first essential instructions Chinese allowed a few Tibetans to briefly he greets a former attendant who had visit their homeland among them was prayed for years not to die before seeing the Kenzie rim for sure for Tibet the return of great master again the years of horrendous this great master after 30 years of exile was suffering have not diminished the Tibetan like a bright sunrise after a long night of people's capacity for joy for hours people darkness the Chinese persecution had not would file by Ken see Rinpoche and Rob diminished the Tibetan people's strength of general Boucher now the abbot of the mind nor their love for their Buddhist monastery many had walked for days traditions the news of his arrival spread like through the mountains to receive their wildfire crowds gathered to see his face and blessings precious relics and other sacred request his blessings despite his old age objects hidden from the Chinese at great kenta rinpoche visited every monastery that risk are brought out for the first time Oh invited him Sobel yay remember attributable apart from the joy of seeing his homeland to standards in they were going to be and lost friends again Kensei rinpoche had energy and making many only on the another mission to accomplish it was to give Pythian action Oh but that a few hours from teachings and initiations to other Lamas and Lhasa he crossed the Tsangpo River too- students all of whom had been denied their sami a Tibet's first monastery built in the 9th spiritual heritage for so many years the wide century beholding the Chinese destruction open expanse of spiritual realization the true of the beloved monastery we vowed to condition of mind is like the sky like space restore it to its former splendor five years without center without edge without goal later he returned to Tibet to reconsecrate a dissolving into the expanse of emptiness fully restored somnium monastery ah that has no limits and no boundary wherever Kent's I remember Shay went the everything I see everything I hear my own entire village would be waiting to see him mind and the sky all merge when you see a and listen to his advice making meaning on lofty mountain be reminded of the winner the physiology I share on the tires my here the view is the teachers mind birthday thing and become totally heated inseparable from the nature of your own to when benadryl good result our patron the the entry door also GTA tragic to see is a only on the tour after several days on the little Co initiation that's all you need from for long road to Eastern Tibet 300 horsemen utak warning to elitism so it was sent in wearing white hats as a sign of welcome introduce Georgia sensing it detective no rode out to escort cancer and push a to his more touching surround yourself you are not monastery the traditional procession had the advantage of major keeping your body formed to greet him at dere gate and show pitch or just assessing it would wish one him the only printing press in Tibet that was judge or the century of what the promise not destroyed during the Chinese Cultural from you to change if I mean your dick Revolution Tibetans venerate books of Butler Georgia same universe in this thank scriptures that embody the Buddha's you mother but are you not having ever speech and contain the instructions through thinking this God or your Campari agh only which enlightenment can be reached the you could churn angel money from the puzzle mama G poquito your money your time with true spiritual friends will fill plumber ship it to the platter you take deep you with love for all beings and help you to plum again Kensei rinpoche had numerous see how negative attachments and hatred visions of spiritual treasures in one of these are being with such friends and following discoveries he saw the mandala of the their example will naturally imbue you with Buddha of eternal life appearing on the their good qualities just as all the birds flying surface of a lake following this vision he around the golden mountain are bathed in wrote a whole volume of teachings and its golden radiance nearing the end of his spiritual practices for the Buddhist viewpoint life ken CMP Shay was particularly attentive is a blessing must must come from within so to those young lamas who had been we are all master so even Buddha himself is recognized as incarnations of past teachers he made it clear he he he should consider do you remember one blow you give it was as a teacher not not a real protector real updated now each one will pass on the protect is Dharma try medicine medicine living lineage to yet another generation like only medicine can cure your illness not by a flame spreading from one candle to many dr. Laura prescribed the medicine and give others in the midst of clouds of you advice what should you do what should impermanence and illusion dances the I avoid what should do then if you follow the Lightning of life can you say you won't die doctor's advice and take medicine regularly tomorrow practice the Dharma after a short then illness will disappear at the heart of illness cancer and she died in Bhutan in Tibetan Buddhism is the openness and 1991 60,000 people nearly one tenth of the confidence between student and teacher population of the whole country gathered through this relationship the student begins together for his cremation the royal family to recognize and develop trust in his or her 100 teachers and countless students from own innate wisdom even a few words or a all over the world gathered on all sides of gesture from kid serum to shake had the cremation stupa to meditate and offer opened the door to a whole succession of prayers well his physical body dissolves into spiritual insights robbed general mâche said the flames his wisdom inspiration and very of his grandfather he would reply to our presence lives on the hearts of all who met questions only as a scholar but from the him once a week for seven weeks a depth of his practical experience and hundred thousand butter lamps were wisdom his main concern was to help others offered at the Great Stupa in Nepal his to be in his presence was to experience a memory Kendall Shay and also smile eight living example of what lies at the end of the which are the teachers the physical as a spiritual path although the teacher appears human form no longer they are we may find to us in ordinary human form in reality his their indentation somewhere but is it to me mind is no different from the Buddha's the more important thing is their spiritual energy only difference between the teacher and the so of course that the Eagle nation also is a Buddha lies in his kindness to you this very important but more important is the visualization is not only one lifetime but up special energy that all is there Kensei to Buddhahood so irrespective what form of Rinpoche is close friend and disciple life said that special relations always in India Colchagua she answered the prayers of the so they the relation as a person doesn't a Dalai Lama and other teachers that an person that of course may live or one life incarnation might swiftly appear by having Rob John Rinpoche is the incarnation of dreams and visions clearly indicating where one of Kenzie Rinpoche zone teachers so the young boy was to be found so as I have the spiritual relationship continues from life full conviction is it this young active the boy to life to his daughter and wife Kensei is true elimination of net cash machine rinpoche was more than a loving father and reincarnation for spiritual masters is due to husband his love and compassion was the taking a vow to have continuous rebirth to same for all beings as he wrote spending help others on their journey to enlightenment as the reincarnation of Ken where natural riches were matched by serum che Yong Yong C is to continue his unimaginable rigors its first inhabitants were sacred path in the hills of Eastern Nepal and nomads who slowly adapted to high-altitude the sacred cave children Porche performed extremities even for these rugged people at a ceremony for the young Kenzie Rinpoche 15,000 feet their eyes could literally dry up long life and for his future activities in the from the brittle intensity of the Sun a sudden benefit of others Oh they must've implement hailstorm could destroy a seasons work or is teaching in daily life so that will be a good scatter herds in seconds their early history disciple of God Lama. was marked by fierce wars among tribes and Outsiders life expectancy was brief they were people with an acute sense of life's impermanence and suffering it is not hard to understand why the Tibetans whose outward conditions were so severe and changeable came to look inward for a sense of permanence and peace the king who had finally United them as a people wished to unite them in faith as well he invited a charismatic leader from India Padma Sam bhava to bring Buddhism to his land Tibetans had believed in a host of deities both benevolent and wrathful overcoming sabotage from the leaders of this religion known as bomb was the challenge Padma Sam bhava succeeded by blending these beliefs with the teachings of the Dharma or Buddhist scriptures instead of casting the deities out he creatively recast them as cradled in a cloud of Fable Tibet the land of guardians and symbols of the Buddha's snows was a place unknown to the world teaching the result was a unique Himalayan beyond its mountain walls for nearly a hybrid of Buddhism the lavish which rules millennium exotic tales abounded of this an imagery of their former faith remained on unearthly people on the vast plateau the exterior but the teachings of Buddhism embraced by the Amorian mountains but it slowly claimed the minds of the Tibetans was not a man to be entered abruptly by they came to embrace the Buddhist view of outsiders inaccessible and remote Tibet life as a continual stream of death and remained a mysterious figment in Western reincarnation a cycle in which human birth imagination when the first expeditions of represents a precious opportunity to make Westerners enter the Forbidden Land in the the vorel choices that will determine one's late 19th century they brought back the first destiny in the next life reincarnation in a images the outside world had ever seen lower realm of existence into another they were images that provoked the human life or ultimately into nirvana a state fantastic tales even more it seemed of freedom from the suffering of physical Westerners wanted to believe in the existence compassion stirred the Buddha to mythical shangri-la a temperate Asian land send his monks out into the community sheltered from the outside governed by a sworn to chastity and poverty they philosophy of compassion in non-violence wandered the roads bringing the Buddha's free from hardship or strife if similar in teachings into the world go forth monks for philosophy the physical reality of Tibet was the happiness of the many out of far more complex life on Earth's highest compassion for the world there are beings plateau was one of harsh contrast a place whose eyes have little dust on them who will perish if they do not hear the teaching but if did I ever say that I would give you the they hear the teaching they will gain answer to these things the Lord who didn't liberation the monks exist by begging we why do you think that I never said that I think of begging is kind of a bad thing would give you the answer that you think begging in this tradition is a good thing it's a because these are not the things that you sign of spiritual purity you're not allowed to need to know thing that you need to know is bake tomorrow's lunch only 's lunch then how the deal was suffering cuz at this very you can't eat from noon until dawn the next moment what made you ask that question day then you have to go out and get another was suffering the Buddha was above all a lunch and then in exchange for lunch you pragmatist he did not expect his followers to give a section unless they say we don't agree with everything he said he want to hear about and you don't but that's encouraged them to debate and argue to all the thing but that forces you to interact challenge him what is say my follower with the lay community and if you're not should not accept my teaching out of serving them if you're not doing something devotion but rather your own experiment useful for them they won't put anything in even Buddha himself in order to get final your bowl and that will be the end of your enlightenment need hard work so community the Buddha himself wandered investigate based on reason the true logical across northeast India teaching and investigation if something contradict in gathering new disciples everywhere he went Buddha's own word then we have the right you didn't have to become a monk or a nun to reject it as the Buddha gathered more to become a Buddhist the Buddha's and more followers stories spread of his teachings were for everyone everything is miracles which mixed the marvelous with burning what is burning the eyes are the mundane one story tells how 500 pieces burning everything seen by the eyes is of firewood split at the Buddha's command burning the ears are burning what is in another a mad elephant charged wildly burning everything heard by the ears is down the street forcing everyone to flee only burning the nose is burning smells are the Buddha remained quietly waiting the ablaze the tongue is burning tastes are elephant overcome by the Buddha's radiant ablaze the body is burning the mind is kindness knelt before him and the Buddha burning we're on fire we may not know it but patted his leathery trunk what is the we're on fire and we have to put that fire out meaning of miracle miracle something we're burning with desire right we're burning unexpected I think 100 years ago jumbo jets with craving everything everything about us or some of these computers or these I think is is out of control the book goes on to talk in their eye this is how something America about the three poisons greed and anger because miracle is something cannot and ignorance and how the the three understand so now I think within this century poisons are what is making the fire and the we may find some new ideas or new facts way out of doing this is not to deny the three so far we spent all our energy and time for poisons but to recognize that if you turn research on matter not internal world this them around you come to their opposites this skull small space but lot of mysterious instead of greed you have generosity things still there the great field of knowledge instead of anger he'll have compassion and is as tiny as the earth is in the universe I instead of ignorance you have wisdom I can mean it's a Tyson speck in and the the the give my teachings in brief the Buddha said I universe is what we don't know and it will can teach in detail it is those who always be that way this however however understand that are hard to find there are much we find out it will still be that way stories of people coming and saying I am because the unknown is vastly here is leaving your teaching because you have not bizarre it's unspeakably greater than told me about whether there is a life after anything we will ever know in one of the death or whether there is another world and most storied miracles the Buddhists rode on a jeweled walkway suspended in midair damage change the buddha said must while streams of water spouted and flames come from within the buddhist starts always flashed from his body shooting out to the with the mind and talks about the violence in very edge of the universe and as the the mind and says that violence in the world Buddha sat on a lotus flower giving his is a result of violence in the mind a tree lives teachings he replicated himself filling the on its roots if you change the root you sky with multitudes of Buddhas for all to see change the tree culture lives in human and wonder - I believe that literally does it beings if you change the human heart the matter whether we believe it literally what culture will follow for decades the Buddha many of those miraculous stories robotis is shared his teachings all across northeastern the sheer wonder the very fact that the India but all beings be happy who taught whole of unknown time and space has led weak or strong great or small let us cherish down to this led to this very moment when all creatures as a mother her only child we're sitting here talking - and we are sitting barefoot in his robes he was still walking the here talking to each other he's utterly roads when he was 80 but old age was miraculous sitting here in a room having had upon him his back hurt his stomach was a cup of coffee having taken it out of a often in pain I am old worn out he told a beautiful blue and white porcelain mug what trusted disciple like a dilapidated cart held could be more miraculous than that together with thin straps the world is so everyday life around us is already so sweet he said that he could understand implausible and so glorious that what need wanting to live for at least another century for further miracles and that's the teaching but he was frail and exhausted he became of the Buddha that's the miraculous ill near cushion' Agora a remote village near teaching of the Buddha violence the Buddha the border of Nepal when he was offered a talked always leads to more violence - the meal which would prove deadly the food Slayer comes a Slayer - the Conqueror was spoiled he ate what was offered to him comes a conqueror he who plunders is and it said that he knew that was bad but he plundered in turn war was endemic in the took it anyway because it was offered and buddha's age ravaging north-east india didn't want the person who offered it to feel again and again although kings and their bad because it was his time Kushina gara ministers sought his counsel the buddha is revered by pilgrims as the place where offered no grand political vision he was the Buddha finally left the world it was in powerless to stop the killing and the fighting cushion Agora where he grew weak and even the men women and children of his asked to be laid on his side and a quiet former kingdom were massacred by a Grove of salt trees as he neared the end his marauding king forced into pits and disciples began to weep stricken with grief trampled by elephants it was said that the but the Buddha reassured them all things buddha received the news in silence change he said whatever is born is subject hundreds of them killed so that day but that to decay he's saying this is a natural was sad but the human being so he had like process he told his disciples use this time a human being so sometimes is he he also use the energy here even this for your own you see as they failed he failed to perform awakening so he used even his own death miracle the buddha failed but we as the and their sadness as a time to remind them buddha failed constantly and part of our of what their real task was what he's suffering is our is our failure our recognition actually doing is inviting those who are of our failure buddhism doesn't argue with close to him into the experience I don't think reality there will always be both the potential the Buddha's teaching in any way argues for awakening in any moment and the against grief or sadness or loss the potential for incredible damage at any teachings if they make any sense have to moment and if we fool ourselves into make sense in ordinary circumstances in thinking were past that we will do incredible ordinary lives and in ordinary lives we grieve when we lose we we grieve we when when now he was gone but before he died he it when it hurts we say ouch Buddhism is had asked his followers to remember him by trying to look at things but where they are making pilgrimage to the place of his death the way it is just as it is it hurts this is life to where he gave his first teachings where this is our life and our relation to life involves he achieved enlightenment and where he losing it too you don't get beyond these was born those four plate because it lies in things you don't get beyond them it's alright a politically sensitive area foreigners were to feel what human beings feel and we are forbidden to visit there until 1974 as a result not supposed to turn into rocks or trees the culture of Ladakh is still relatively when we practice Buddhism Buddha's laugh unchanged every new year's the people of cry dance feel ecstasy probably even feel leh the principal city of Ladakh make a despair it is how we know the world it is how pilgrimage in which they offer prostrations we live inside of our hearts and not an ancient Buddhist practice by making dissociated from them the Buddha had prostrations to the Buddha his teachings always been saying goodbye now he and the community of his followers they prepared to leave the earth forever he pray that all who suffer in this world may would never be reborn never die again it find refuge in abiding peace according to may be that after I'm gone the Buddha told the Buddhist teachings Buddhahood or his disciples that some of you will think now unchanging wakefulness is at the heart of we have no teacher but that is not how you every living being this basic awareness is should see it let the Dharma and the the essence of life it is beyond birth and discipline that I have taught you be your death but to be born leads inevitably to the teacher all individual things pass away sufferings of sickness old age and death strive on untiringly these were the Buddha's compassion for everything that lives is the last words the Buddha died peacefully his basis of a path through this life and to our head was pointed to the north his face to death the belief in reincarnation is an the west the stories tell how the earth expression of that compassion Buddhism shook and the trees suddenly burst into was brought to Tibet in the Himalayas 1300 bloom their petals falling gently on his still years ago by the great Indian saint Padma body falling out of reverence devine coral son bhava it was he who wrote the Tibetan flowers and divine sandalwood powders fell Book of the Dead the Tibetan Book of the from above on the buddha's body out of Dead is a guide for the dying it describes reverence his disciples were quite upset the process of dying as a natural transition what are we going to do without our teacher the text explains how by recognizing the we will be lost without our teacher but his mental states and physical sufferings instruction was so simple and so clear I am involved we can come into contact with our NOT your light I am NOT your authority own essential nature in this way it is you've been with me a long time now be possible to find freedom from confusion and your own light the buddha saw death and fear in a small village near the headwaters life is inseparable these are two sides of the of the Indus River an old man paltin sering same thing death is always with us death is has died the women of the family have part of a whole large unknown and if we are gathered in the kitchen where they unable to smile it the idea of the unknown improvise laments to his memory whenever we're in real trouble that's the realism that he would smile at me I was never so happy the Buddha was talking about trying to allergies gone I have never been so come to terms with reality when he was 29 miserable the family has requested chosen and still Prince Siddhartha the Buddha had a Nakba or Buddhist yogi and a resident of left his wife child and family to try and the village who often performs his rights to understand the nature of suffering he had come and read the text and to make the attained enlightenment shared what he had appropriate offerings when someone dies learned and left a path for others to follow the bardo totals a Tibetan Book of the Dead is read every day for 49 days according to anthropology at Oxford became interested this text the consciousness of the dead in reincarnation he travelled to India where person lingers between one life in another he found a copy of the bardo total and for a period of 49 days during that time is sponsored the translation from Tibetan and capable of hearing so the text is read aloud edited the text into English it was he who to encourage and guide him at first the text titled it the Tibetan Book of the Dead the is read in the presence of the body kept renowned Swiss psychologist Carl Jung carefully wrapped this text like most rotated found in this book his life's partner traditional Tibetan books consists of who had revealed the secrets of the soul unbound pages held between two boards the living dying project in San Francisco has and has been printed from hand-carved been assisting terminally ill patients for wood blocks Oh son of noble family that more than 20 years the project's aim is to which is called death has now arrived now help dying people find meaning in the for the benefit of all being was recognized transition between life and death the project luminosity which stands before you this was created because the metaphor is the great blazing mass of light is enlightenment storyline that existed in our culture for dying itself it is the natural mind it is the essence in which death was seen as a failure and of your own mind it's recognition and the enemy in an era of the universe and liberation are simultaneous the Book of the therefore the hospital intensive care ward Dead describes how at death the was the ultimate inner chamber of the consciousness is suddenly separated from temple about life and the whole fear that all the circumstances which made up daily surrounded the process of doctors seeing life mind experiences its own liberation death as a failure for example we felt that directly as radiant pure white light both life was the need for another metaphorical and death according to the Bardot total are system picture in front of you your client or a continuous flow of uncertain transitions some other person you know who is called Bardot's in the Bardot's of death if suffering right now and feel in an open and mine does not recognize its own nature it direct way how this person actually is becomes ever more solid until it enters a suffering feel that the quality of it the dyeing new form of life son of noble family now is project was created in order to create an the time for you to seek a path you are not environment in which people that were deep alone in leaving this world everyone who in philosophical materialism could explore has come before you has died you can no another metaphor for life and thus for death longer stay here now you should think like and the people we found most willing to do this now I will abandon clinging to this body that were people that were themselves into this world so good I will go forward I will facing death what do you think is gonna abandon fear and terror they will recognize happen when you type this Hospice serves whatever appears with a projection of my well who are expected to die within six own mind chosen uses an old astrological months would you like to talk about yeah do calendar to fix the day of Paulding Turing's you want to tell me what you know well you cremation making calculations based on the know I would and I obviously haven't died dates of the dead manned birth and death myself lately yeah I know and maybe it'll be he determines that the cremation should useful consciousness leaves the body and take place 10 days later I know it shows consciousness experiences the feeling of here the Paulding setting may have been a integrity and wholeness and safeness and wild pig in his past life boom 1 I tell him that then it's attractive toward what is universally he may be a bird in his next one oh my described as a very beautiful incredibly omona perhaps if he takes the Bartel total to beautiful clear bright light it's never heart he will return to the human realm at described as a beautiful sound or beautiful the beginning of this century WY Evans smoke but this very beautiful light the went an American who studied reason this light is so beautiful is that this light is your true nature I think you've that the dead man's consciousness has left actually been there with people they've the body from a place on the head and come back and told from near-death that's a good thing it means that the experiences and there are people in certain consciousness has not been obstructive as traditions like for instance in Tibetan it left the body completely offerings are left Buddhism who are trained to go into that out to encourage potent searing be after death staying with people and guide nourished by our offerings pardon Sarang them their actual guide books to help people suchan come digital since I can get it on go through this this journey if you will Doka door well let's get into some game and denim you trip or shade is an abbot from the triangle you do noon Sunday jump until the monastery of the deck so when determined chapters hungry chapter two well honoring that is all in it independent originality so both Henninger every day stanchion offers what did happened is he is making this visit 100 prostrations with these words i take in order to bless the people of the village to refuge in the buddha i take refuge in the teach and to see how they are faring token Dharma I take refuge in the Sangha by and rinpoche is also giving teachings on praying in this way Stan Jian invokes the power this is a method unique to the wisdom of the Buddha is teachings in the Tibetan Buddhist tradition for assisting the community of his followers to help all beings consciousness to release its attachment to find liberation from suffering he feels he has the physical body at the time of death this is accomplished all that he can in this lifetime stanza he is 96 years old and has lived he has lived to see his family secure and according to the Buddhist path for all his well and his last wish now is to die soon adult life he has a deep interest in these are you afraid of death no everyone must teachings that first visualized the form of the die someday he wasn't your husband Buddha of boundless light a Mateus above everyone is born with the weight of death I your head like your consciousness rise haven't done anything bad so I'm not afraid upward through your abdomen upward to die what happens after death human through your body up through your neck being yes blue it's our destiny to die why and finally at the top of your head in eidm aren't you afraid because we'll be reborn dissolve there into the light around you in Holly this child is the reincarnation of this way you may enter directly the pure someone everyone was reincarnated what realm of light the uncertain days of the was this child's previous life dad I don't Bardo will not affect you while in the village know she is a not nice even though the token and ricochet also goes to do the POE physical body dies consciousness continues a ceremony for Paulding searing he makes what is a constant repetition of life and offerings of barley and butter and anoints death that's why people are reborn stanzin Paulding stirrings head see there's no one was born at the end of the last century it in Halton saying you have died the light of was all he could do just to survive the harsh this world is fading completely and the light winters with a child he had no blanket so he of the next world has not yet appeared slept covered in loose chicken feathers for debug body has lost all feeling this is what food he caught wild birds and animals in the death is let yourself go Oh Oh I mean mountain the only money in his village came under a minute with more offerings of barley from the sale of handicrafts to the caravans and butter invokes the blessings of all the which travelled to China Donna she took Buddha's and all the awakened ones so do some with her some of my life was very very many women in bars on the blood on hard but I have always practiced the the head gives an indication that the Buddhist teachings when I say the mantra ceremony has gone well I wanted answers with this prayer wheel it is to express my this is not having to know them with a dirge wish that all beings in the lower realms the in the world won't work but my point is a animals and hungry coasts beings in hell all nobody not even a fool if there is some sign find liberation no matter what happens now for myself I have no regrets one of the ones may release him from the bonds of things they wanted me to do and let me ask their attachment to him his body is offered you if this is something that seems to the fire the substances that are offered appropriate to you was to read a little bit of with the body butter oil sugar and various the Tibetan Book of the Dead which grains represent everything that is desirable traditionally is read to people so they can sustaining and virtuous in this world to become familiar with these ideas listen to complete this process paltin Turing's what I am saying Bruce death is now possessions were donated to the monastery coming you are departing from this world the day after the cremation the monks but you are not the only one as Death auction them off to the people of the village Comes to all people on earth be willing to two days later Paulding searing Suns carry release any connections with the life you his ashes up the mountain and leave them have been living and release the people to the elements audience Eric listen with whom you have associated whatever without distraction the body which you had fear or terror that might come to you during in this life is becoming indistinct to you and the experiencing of the reality of your mind the body will have in your future life is keep these thoughts in your consciousness becoming clear as you sense this you will and go forward recognize that any mental become frightened and sad there is no image pictures which occur are of your own place for you to rest no stopping place in creation maintain that recognition and you your ceaseless wandering you do not care will achieve liberation nine days of passed what your next life will bring as long as you since paltin Turing's death according to the will be born soon and so you will approach Bardot total if the deceased has still failed to anything that appears before you take care recognize his own basic nature and if he is of faltering to not be afraid look for a good failed to recognize the peaceful deities as human birth where you may yet recognize projections of his own mind then they your own true nature the 14th Dalai Lama transform into terrifying wrathful one's now resides here in Dharamsala India he answering listen without distraction now the was born in 1935 and was recognized five blood-drinking wrathful ones will appear years later as the incarnation of the their bodies are dark red or dark blue with previous Dalai Lama as a young boy he three heads six arms and four legs spread could recognize people who were familiar to wide apart their nine eyes gaze into yours his predecessor and select objects which he with a furious expression they hold human had used after his formal recognition he was skulls full of blood and they roar like thunder rigorously trained and assumed full spiritual they are accompanied by retinue of their and temporal authority as leader of the own kind in many colors and they fill the Tibetan State in 1950 at the age of 15 if you whole of space do not be afraid do not be accept if you believe if you accept you see confused recognized that unless the field life continuation of life then death it's projection is of your own not be afraid for just it's a one occasion like you see the they are your innate wakefulness if you changing your yoke when your clothes recognize this will be liberating the become a city cold and then the city the old fundamental war document popped up on cross is it three antique you see new nice be a one-digit ontology initiative like nicest clothes similarly this old body cannot recognition and liberation are simultaneous find him properly then change the new body Yungas illuminating keith aussie is the day more energetic more more fresh body so of Paulding servings cremation monks have krappa was shot by an Indian policeman 11 been chanting in the house with the body years ago while participating in a since early morning cremations in the demonstration for the improvement of labor DAK are performed as fire offerings in order conditions in the deck mm people from all that he may no longer cling to his former over the country attended his funeral body and so that his relatives and loved subsequently the Indian government acceded to the demand for improved has found a human birth he told you has conditions in so krappa became a national been in years for what have you that what hero we have confirmed that this boy is the am I going to be but I don't know in what reincarnation of the monks of krappa all the circumstances he may have been born the deck is very happy so crap his incarnation Tibetan Book of the Dead presents the Zopa is the youngest son of a poor farming states of dying and after death as a family and was discovered in so crap his continuous possibility we can become own village he was born at a bruise on his frozen in our attachment and fear or we can side which did not go away for a very long recognize the liberation of our true nature time about the lives Allah he said that he the Tibetan Book of the Dead shows that had been hit by a bullet and it hurt him the this opportunity is available to us in every no woman I don't need a bruise was on the moment of life and death the heavy body of same place where so crapper was shot flesh and blood and bones has within us this better than what you look at hanging a man body of consciousness this body of light down there when Zopa was 2 years old he becoming this body of light so that you can said he wanted to meet his aunt but the just dissolve into this sense of light the solid aunt he was referring to was so crap his body remains here but you are becoming aunt would raise so crap as a child and lived this pure light dissolving into your heart with him when he visited her Zopa was able dissolving into your heart with each breath to identify all the objects which so krappa each time you breathe out it's as if it were had regularly used then someone who killed your last breath expanding to a larger and my nephew so crapple was a pure hearted larger sense of spaciousness nothing to virtuous person who always thought about hold on to beyond the mind beyond the other people because he was a good man body floating free in space totally safe any just found a good rebirth when Zopa was 8 distraction dissolving back into the heart years old the village gathered funds to send floating free nice no shape so you talk like him to be trained at sera monastery in this we good I don't have any tapes mysore india Oh Sara formerly a major something which difficult to handle now that monastery in Tibet gives special attention to if you prepared that you know it now the the traditions of debate logic and chanting successor is a time I will be I will face the Buddhist texts the people of Ladakh hope terrible situation and knowing it knowing it that SOPA will one day return to his country and prepare for it then when every is it that as a future leader just cool it over there to happen ah you already you see except that Ronald Allen the final day of reading the you all reduce it prepare for it so much bardo total the entire family gathers to pray easier to handle and I'll accept an absolute the Paulding Sarang will find a fortune at it's not like yourself a therapist and if you birth paltin Sarang listen without distraction can get to that form you first you first of all you have not recognized your own nature because it's just another thing sometimes I and now you will once again experience all also usually have some kind of excited the painful uncertainties of birth and death feeling towards death now because in my give up anger give up attachment and give daily prayer the deed with is it the death up yearning for relatives and friends take process and a part to process and next life refuge in the Buddha the Dharma and the so therefore they when I think sometimes Sangha with your head held high enter the thinking about death then I got sometimes human realm I'm very happy that we have the excitement the weather really I can been able to offer all these prayers in this utilize these practice fully at that moment on reading to help my father touch we have no stanchions great-granddaughter was done all that can be done for Paulding married into a family in a distant village serving the guy you young all the comes to visit him never met any grandpa ceremonies and readings have been done how are you here's my son the child is properly uh nothing yet feel the potency ring stanchions great-great grandchild no not you nets how would you know you're not anyone possessing the courage and perfect I do - yeah yeah lay back - aah no diligence to practice them at the center of no aah yeah no no no you know you do you this world is the llama or spiritual teacher a know you Stan Gina's very happy to have living example of enlightenment as a this family with her no but you really do spiritual leader he also participated in every although he wants nothing further from his aspect of Tibetan culture allama was life as he says I am always grateful for what capable of inspiring and guiding others to the path of life gives to me don't you I got a realize the unshakable awareness of their gasket Buddhism no longer exists and own mind one such teacher was Ken serum many of the countries were once it the Dalai Lama was one of the many flourished nonetheless in those countries teachers who was inspired and taught by where it is still practiced it is a source of consumption he was one of my main goof guidance and strength and it continues to and especially the thoughts in teaching and express people's aspirations for the well- also some other very there was a horrid being of all. dancing not only Nemo tradition but also cited revision gillip tradition and also go to tradition say I shift from him so I I consider lady gentle chain is very grateful where we have for my special practice when he sits on chair or throne say magnificent very impressive is body pins very well well well Jose very well-built and he always smiled all this one the Dalai Lama requests teachings from Kensei Rinpoche making a symbolic offering of precious stones as a symbol of the whole universe visualizations ritual objects and sometimes even costumes are used by the teacher to show the student a means of transforming his perception of the world an opening to his potentially enlightened State at the end of this three- day empowerment the roles are reversed and as a sign of humility Jensi Rinpoche requests the Dalai Lama to bless him as a it took more than a thousand years for symbol of gratitude for the gurus teachings Buddhism to spread from the plains of India the Dalai Lama offers him a ceremonial to the Himalayan snow peaks and then on white scarf called a kata and requests him to the Tibetan Plateau but once it had taken to pray for Tibet panda tea according my root Buddhist values of non-violence own experience of course they say as a tolerance and respect for the environment result of meeting these great masters is in began to influence communities throughout my speech development I would fall for my Tibet in Bhutan hi on the rock face of a suspicion development a bit beneficial great mountain there is a cave known as the benefit Buddhism was born in India 2,500 Tiger's Nest in the ninth century Padma years ago when an Indian prince named Sam bhava the founder of Tibetan Siddhartha left the wealth and comforts of Buddhism meditated there for those that his father's palace to find the meaning of life undertake the strenuous climb up to it the after many years of meditation he realized journey symbolizes a path to a Pure Land the ultimate nature of reality and became the ultimate goal being enlightened known as the Buddha or the awakened one Buddhist teachings are profound ways of Padma Sam bhava is revered by Tibetans inner transformation they are available to as the second Buddha he was invited by the king of Tibet to establish Buddhism in the sorrow and devastation tore through a land of snows his extraordinary power thousand years of peace a human and overcame all resistance both human and cultural genocide soon found the Dalai supernatural that he encountered on his Lama followed by a hundred thousand journey to bring Buddhism to Tibet into Tibetans escaped to India 6000 through the power of his realization Tibet monasteries were destroyed 1 million became a unique spiritual society whose Tibetans died Kensei rinpoche wrote a traditions have remained unbroken until the beautiful country is a dreamlike illusion it's recent occupation by the Communist senseless to cling to it unless the inner Chinese ironically these tragic events were forces of negative emotions are conquered the catalyst for Tibetan teachers to bring strife with outer enemies will never end their wisdom and experience to the rest of fleeing from the invasion of his country the world many people who met these great cancer and Pasha was invited to take masters were struck by their kindness refuge in the kingdom of Bhutan this sense of humor and extraordinary presence mountain kingdom has remained and began to learn that Buddhism was not unconquered and independent ever since based on withdrawing from the world but on Buddhism was first introduced soon the embracing love and compassion the lasting power of his realization drew many students happiness can only come from inner peace to him as the years passed he became the Kensei rubbish a was born in 1910 in foremost teacher in Bhutan revered by all eastern Tibet at the age of 13 he felt a deep from the king and queen mother to the longing to pursue a spiritual life and go on a humblest farmer he generously gave long meditative retreat I'm leaving home he teachings and performed ceremonies wrote a letter to his parents father and working to preserve peace and nurture mother stay in your beautiful home his son buddhist traditions in bhutan shantideva the longs instead for empty caves a handbook seventh century buddhist master said all the of spirituality is all I wish to keep your joy the world contains has come through smiling faces will be with me always and if wishing happiness for others all the misery one day I might reach spiritual realization I the world contains has come through shall repay your great kindness to me for wanting pleasure for oneself consumer the next 15 years Kinsey Rinpoche Boucher's compassionate activities meditated in many caves often remaining embraced not only the kingdom of Bhutan snowbound for the entire winter of his main but also Nepal cecum and India and later teacher session Gayle zappy said that was extended to Europe and North America it overwhelmed by the splendor of his was near the Great Stupa of bodhnath in expression when he would gaze at me and Nepal that concern per shade decided to ask what is the nature of mind I felt that he build a large monastery similar to the was exactly the same as the Buddha and I Cession monastery that had been destroyed began to understand how to meditate after into that it took over 12 years to build the many years of studying with his second site was consecrated in a ceremony teacher can say Chucky Llodra he told him attended by many young lamas even before that he wished to spend the rest of his life in the monastery was finished it was part of solitary retreat but his teacher was adamant the community's spiritual life for several the time has come for you to give others the years many artists and the families lived precious teachings you have received his inside the half-built monastery creating the first major teaching was given to 2,000 thousands of traditional paintings gold Yogi's in the province of Ando lasting for covered sculptures ceremonial masks and over six months from then on until the end costumes that are used in the daily life of a of his life can serum Bechet never stopped Tibetan monastery session monastery teaching in 1949 China invaded Tibet by the offers one of the most authentic examples end of the 50s the occupation was solidified of these sacred arts outside of Tibet ken serum pouchees day began at four in the object in the ritual has an inner meaning his morning with meditation and prayers which five petal crown symbolizes the would last until nine o'clock then people transformation of five harmful emotions would arrive to receive his teachings and hatred greed ignorance pride and jealousy blessings assume that he was living many into wisdom in the fire ritual the flames lives at the same time with a writing one of symbolized the wisdom that burns away his 25 volumes of commentaries being in ignorant and self-centered emotions at the retreat teaching scriptures building end of a large ceremony the intricately monasteries or providing for the spiritual created sand mandala is swept up and needs of whoever appeared before him his scattered into a river a reminder of the life was an endless offering to others gen impermanent nature of everything in CRM Bechet was always involved with the session the sacred dances that had been education of the young monks often quoting forbidden and occupied Tibet were now to them the words of the Buddha I have revived during a two-day annual festival the shown you the methods that lead to monks share with the entire lay community liberation but you should know that their inner spiritual experiences through liberation depends upon yourself see cog in these sacred dances these symbolic the garbage as I keep my Google Ad like a movements are said to have the power to read lock on love ha ha let the fire get hotter liberate the mind from disturbing emotions with make fun of us or ha ha ha hi Anya every year Kenzie Rinpoche rob.jenn hood but happy and they do not wanna Rinpoche and his disciples would gather in watch come on I got you as if reading from India under the tree where the Buddha an unseen book cancer in Peshawar will received enlightenment and offer prayers for teach effortlessly without pause or world peace those with compassion are kind hesitation he taught in every free moment of even when angry those without compassion the day until late at night responding to all kill even as they smile by offering thousands requests for spiritual guidance their final of devotions a day these monks pray to take enlightenment from vertical point of course upon themselves the sufferings of all beings put the hood is the final and item meant and to send them happiness in return all they are there I think we can say that is the over the Himalayas prayers are carried by ultimate nature of consciousness or mind till the wind that blows over flags and by water you reach Buddhahood they study or turning prayer wheels prayers are also practice no end when put but the carved in rock as long as space and yours environment but that alignment of and as long as beings exist may I to remain Buddhahood comes then you can get to dispel the misery of the world in 1985 complete rest then no need effort till that till after sealing the borders for decades the that is 11 yes conserve effort need for the Chinese allowed a few Tibetans to briefly Tibetan Buddhist each symbolic object visit their homeland among them was Kensi gesture or chant is an offering representing Roomba sure for Tibet the return of this an outer projection of an inner meditation great master after 30 years of exile was like the ultimate goal is to realize the true nature a bright sunrise after a long night of of mind at the end of nine days and nights darkness the Chinese persecution had not of uninterrupted meditation the participants diminished the Tibetan people's strength of in this ritual each hold a lamp symbolizing mind nor their love for their Buddhist the light of wisdom Kenta Rinpoche his traditions the news of his arrival spread like grandson and spiritual heir Rob general wildfire crowds gathered to see his face and Michelle leads the chant they pray to relieve request his blessings despite his old age the sufferings of all beings and vow to be Kenta Rinpoche visited every monastery reborn and practiced together in future lives that invited him so boo yay mmmm were we guarantee your balloon order gently and trippin be converted damaging people are we go to the boat within her word every going to be naughty and making Romanian on the fidelity auction a few hours from mission to accomplish it was to give Lhasa he crossed the Tsangpo River to teachings and initiations to other Lamas and Sammy a Tibet's first monastery built in the students all of whom had been denied their 9th century beholding the Chinese spiritual heritage for so many years the wide destruction of the beloved monastery he open expanse of spiritual realization the true vowed to restore it to his former splendor condition of mind is like the sky like space five years later he returned to Tibet to without center without edge without goal reconsecrate a fully restored somnium dissolving into the expanse of emptiness monastery I Oh whatever cancer remember that has no limits and no boundary Shay went the entire village would be everything I see everything I hear my own waiting to see him and listen to his advice mind and the sky all merge when you see a making me look good in a day I share lofty mountain be reminded of the interview monetize my birthday thing and burn which the view is the teachers mind inseparable was totally heated when benadryl a good from the nature of your own to the entry to result out of tyranny only on the door after also do such a tragic to see is a trick take several days on the long road to Eastern initiation actually from for utak warning to Tibet 300 horsemen wearing white hats as a elitism so it was sent in introduce George sign of welcome rode out to escort cancer assessing it detective no pod touch it and Porsche to his monastery a traditional surround yourself you are a teacher and a procession had formed to greet him at their job major keeping do body pitch or just game and show him the only printing press assessing in to publish or judge or essential in Tibet that was not destroyed during the but I promise from you to change if I mean Chinese Cultural Revolution Tibetans you're jumpy publish or to same universe in venerate books of scriptures that embody this any Malu but are you not having ever the Buddha's speech and contain the thinking the god or your compartir kg/hr me instructions through which enlightenment you could tune angel my from the puzzle can be reached the press is therefore a no mama jeepers Chicharito magic tamashii less sacred than the temple the 200- pictures that are you take me for my gift thousand hand-carved wood blocks of Kensei rinpoche had numerous visions of scriptures stored at the press are once spiritual treasures in one of these again being used to print copies of the texts discoveries he saw the mandala of the a quiet moment with an old friend who had Buddha of eternal life appearing on the not been able to escape the Chinese surface of a lake following this vision he occupation special celebrations welcome wrote a whole volume of teachings and the great master it is here at session that spiritual practices for the Buddhist viewpoint Ken serum Boucher met his own teacher is a blessing must must come from within so and received his first essential instructions we are all master so even Buddha himself is he greets a former attendant who had he made very clear he he he should prayed for years not to die before seeing the consider as a teacher not not a real great master again the years of horrendous protector real protector is Dharma flag suffering have not diminished the Tibetan medicine medicine only medicine can cure people's capacity for joy for hours people your illness not my doctor dora prescribed would file by kinsey rinpoche and Rob the medicine and give you advice what German Bechet now the abbot of the should you do what it should avoid what monastery many had walked for days should do then if you follow the doctor's through the mountains to receive their advice and take medicine regularly then blessings precious relics and other sacred illness will dissipate at the heart of Tibetan objects hidden from the Chinese at great Buddhism is the openness and confidence risk are brought out for the first time apart between student and teacher through this from the joy of seeing his homeland and lost relationship the student begins to recognize friends again Kensei rinpoche had another and develop trust in his or her own innate wisdom even a few words or a gesture from all over the world gathered on all sides of kid serum Bechet could open the door to a the cremation stupa to meditate and offer whole succession of spiritual insights prayers while his physical body dissolves rob.jenn rinpoche said of his grandfather he into the flames his wisdom inspiration and would reply to our questions not only as a very presence lives on in the hearts of all scholar but from the depth of his practical Mehta once a week for seven weeks a experience and wisdom his main concern hundred thousand butter lamps were was to help others to be in his presence offered at the grid stupa in Nepal his was to experience a living example of what memory kimchee and also my rage is are lies at the end of the spiritual path although the teachers the physical as a human form the teacher appears to us in ordinary human no longer they are we may find their form in reality his mind is no different from information somewhere but is it to me more the Buddhist the only difference between important is their spiritual energy so of the teacher and the Buddha lies in his course that the Eagle nation also is a very kindness to you this visualization is not only important but more important is the special one lifetime but up to Buddhahood so energy that always there Kensei Rinpoche interesting - what form of life said that is close friend and disciple troll shegaon special relations always in India so they the bashang answered the prayers of the Dalai relation is a person person-to-person that of Lama and other teachers that an incarnation course may live or wildlife Rob John might swiftly appear by having dreams and Rinpoche is the incarnation of one of can visions clearly indicating where the young see Rinpoche zone teachers so their boy was to be found so as I have full spiritual relationship continues from life to conviction is it this young active the boy is life to his daughter and wife Kensei rinpoche true elimination of nature's machine was more than a loving father and husband reincarnation for spiritual masters is due to his love and compassion was the same for taking a vow to have continuous rebirth to all beings as he wrote spending your time help others on their journey to with true spiritual friends will fill you with enlightenment as the reincarnation of Ken love for all beings and help you to see how serum che Yong Yong C is to continue his negative attachments and hatred are being sacred path in the hills of Eastern Nepal and with such friends and following their the sacred cave culture grandpa Shay example will naturally imbue you with their performed a ceremony for the young Kenzie good qualities just as all the birds flying ricochets long life and for his future activities around the golden mountain are bathed in and the benefit of others. its golden radiance nearing the end of his life ken serum Shay was particularly attentive to those young Lamas who had been recognised as incarnations of past teachers do you know the Lu yang of it was a vision now each one will pass on the living lineage to yet another generation like a flame spreading from one candle to many others in the midst of clouds of impermanence and illusion dances the Lightning of life can you say you won't die tomorrow practice the Dharma after a short illness cancer and she died in Bhutan in 1991 60,000 people nearly one tenth of the population of the whole country gathered together for his cremation the royal family 100 teachers and countless students from age six his holiness began his monastic education and training by 1950 Tibet was his Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama is the under the heavy influence of the Chinese spiritual and temporal leader of Tibet's military at the age of sixteen his holiness people and exiled government in 1959 he was called upon to become the head of dramatically escaped into exile and state of the Tibetan people on the 10th of established the Tibetan government in March 1959 general Chang Chu the northern India the Dalai Lama has Chinese military commander in Lhasa dedicated his life to the promotion of world extended a seemingly innocent invitation to peace to this end he was awarded the the Tibetan leader to attend a theatrical Nobel Peace Prize in 1989 religious show by a Chinese dance troupe when the harmony and the preservation of Tibetan invitation was repeated with new conditions culture are also two of his main concerns that no Tibetan soldiers or bodyguards were throughout the last 50 years he has traveled allowed to accompany his holiness an acute around the world sharing his wisdom and anxiety befell the Lasser populace tens of Buddhist teachings thank you there are few thousands of Tibetans gathered around the souls in history which have had such a home of the Dalai Lama at Norbu Glinka positive influence on our world no person palace determined not to let his holiness alive can rival his simple and profound attend the show alone disguised as a message of love and compassion oh he's common Tibetan soldier the Dalai Lama holiness the dalai lama currently resides in along with a small escort passed through the foothills of the Himalayas in northern the crowd and headed south to the Indian india here the dalai lama is visiting the kyoto border within hours the Chinese army had monastery which is a sanctuary of tibetan invaded the palace with tremendous force culture and buddhist teachings the life of a shibata's a lobsang tenzin Ron poce the Gyo tome UNK is a life of practicing loving- former abbot of the Kyoto monastery kindness and compassion for the benefit of recounts the horrific events that unfolded on all the monks do this by the practice of the that horrendous day and Illidan Adama get tantric arts including harmonic chanting the in there and then advise you to the solution Dalai Lama is highly grateful to the Indian Amidala zina the Chinese used government for granting his people refugee disproportionate amounts of violence to put status now last nearly 50 years the field down the demonstrations with no mercy where governor of India can do they extend shown the scale of destruction and the use maximum health the dalai lama's journey of force was unbelievable and unnecessary into exile is a triumph of the human spirit in that it was like the sky had fallen down to over occupation and persecutions the earth such was the cruelty of occupation lineage of the Dalai Lama spans back over and invasion that it was absolutely 300 years after the death of the 13th Dalai untenable to continue living in Lhasa we just Lama took 10 Ghats Oh in 1933 the Regent had to think about running away to his Lama seen here and the high Lamas found safety without knowing where to go maybe it a boy la mode and OH they believed to be was a Kirk of some divine force guarding us his reincarnation amongst many serious somehow that we headed for southern Tibet spiritual tests the boy was presented with a which proved to be a safe route to go into number of identical ritual implements only exile in India and seek refuge one of the some of which belonged to the previous reasons for deciding to head for southern Dalai Lama the boy recognized these tibet was that the territory was under the implements passed all the examinations control of the Tibetan resistance group by and was declared the 14th Dalai Lama the name of cushy kundru four rivers and Tenzin Gyatso in 1940 he was taken to the six peaks formed in 1958 by comfo fighters potala palace where he was officially to resist the chinese and so they kept the installed as the spiritual leader of Tibet at paths Chinese free the territory the compass control in the southern tibet linked that looks silly just imagination no else will almost to the indian border which then effect but the practitioners emotional level allowed importantly His Holiness the Dalai immense benefit but the person who carried Lama subsequently myself and about these wrong green that actually really 100,000 refugees to pass safely into exile deserve our compassion our sense of into India three weeks after leaving Lhasa concern because they are wrongly so from the Dalai Lama and his entourage reached the Buddhist viewpoint they have to face the Indian border from there they were consequences so there's more reason to escorted by Indian guards to bomb dinner feel concerned about their the troublemaker his holiness met with the Indian Prime rather than victims the dalai lama's first Minister Pandit Nehru who had already commitment within his teachings is the agreed to provide asylum for the Tibetan promotion of human values these human refugees most of the Tibetan refugees were values include compassion forgiveness moved to road camps in the hills of northern tolerance contentment and self-discipline all India in 1960 his Holiness the Dalai Lama human beings are the same we all want took residence in Dharamshala in 2005 the happiness and do not want suffering even Dalai Lama opened the new Giotto people who do not believe in religion monastery in Dharamsala only about 60 recognize the importance of these human Kyoto monks escaped to India to be with the values in making their lives happier His Dalai Lama 's monastic community in Holiness refers to these human values as Dharamsala has grown to a population of secular ethics he remains committed to over 500 monks thanks to the continued talking about the importance of these support of the Indian government and human values and shares them with generous donations from Tibetan everyone he meets what is human value foundations around the world the Giotto money oh yes very important sometimes I monastery has managed to nurture and jokingly is telling the Buddhist audience if it preserve the ancient rituals and traditions of will lead to better you usually use you to cite Tibet's rich history since being forced into one Tibetan special sort of mantra that is exile the Dalai Lama has been actively Oh money pay me home so we recite engaging with the global community sharing sometimes to be little bit a hurry then you his wisdom of Buddhist practices and see very sight of money pay more money seeking support for Tibet's plight in 2008 he below then or money or money money took to the stage of the Royal Albert Hall in money money so that sounds looks like London not sort of being to meditate ah in money money money money money right silence don't worry that now nearly half so maybe dollar money dollar money or century and remain as a homeless and a found money bond money like that so buddy generation change but still our people came of course what I think value and of course to better spirit from older generation free all these external are the facilities there's a imagination so that's our original aim as value of the things good but all these soon as we become refugee I think a culture provide physical comfort not mental comfort of peace culture of compassion now all this if you have plenty of money then some kind light this is necessary this is not that of satisfaction independent level or I have a headset or yellow have sent her or blue lot of money that's solution actually because headset nothing this is something practical we notice among the Linnaean plenty of my day start 3:30 every morning so then at money but as a person very unhappy least for some meditation one part one person a lot of a worry what are we in xiety portion of my meditation is visualize those lot of suspicion a lot of jealousy as a person individual who take go to this decision so building money failed to bring inner peace visualize these things and then take their building money bring more suspicion more anger hatred suspicion and give them uncomfortable more worried anyone who compassion spirit of forgiveness patience truly believe if you have money everything can solve everything because of that then actually all religious tradition or measure is you get rid hundred percent satisfaction tradition you see carry message of math than citing illusion money can bring some and sense of brotherhood system so friend but then essentially friend of money different approach some say there's God not freedom being yourself your fortune go God killed all these things so true sense like that you become richer literature you brother sisters and some say Rob causality found more friends then when your orcid a again good experience come from love your fortune goes like that then these respect a bad result come to have another friends also I didn't disappear even you you get later consequences so same same want to telephone they may not answer it so n said many different approach therefore these friend are not changing your friend but there is no obstacle to bring genuine a friend from your money is it so there was harmony amount of distribution now here this in the infant only come album well the may be useful like this distinction faith and sense of concern or listed respite them respect faith was one of on religion respect deadlock didn't something concern or to origin the dalai lama's third commitment compassion and main point is that is a seed is to the Tibetan issue His Holiness has a of happiness seed of inner calmness inner responsibility to act as the free strength more inner strength self confidence spokesperson of the Tibetans in their self confidence less fear that automatically struggle for justice as far as his third developed some kind of close reading commitment is concerned it will cease to towards just only join me compassionate exist if a mutually beneficial solution is attitude open our inner door as a result reached between the Tibetans and Chinese much easier to communicate with other if to then third commitment is regarding Tibetan us self-centered attitude then fear doubt problem tippin struggle most important suspicion these come as a result our inner dependent people inside as well as outside door closed then very difficult to they're very much trusting me put a lot of communicate with other the way to promote Hope on me so I have the moral human value which is basis of our inner responsibility to serve them as much as I peace that is a very important factor for can of course my ability by knowledge by happy life including healthy body the Dalai experience in various field very limited but Lama's second commitment is the whatever way that is my moral responsibility promotion of religious harmony and to interceptive but there will be time limit I understanding amongst the world's major already something like semi-retired position religious traditions despite philosophical because since 2001 we already have differences all major world religions have elected political leadership so my position the same potential to create good human something like senior adviser most cases beings it is therefore important for all political leadership listen my view but religious traditions to respect one another sometimes doesn't look good and also is in and recognize the value of each other's my part some of his policy I have some respective traditions as far as one truth one reservation but I always remain quiet so we religion is concerned this is relevant on an are sincerely practicing democracy a priority individual level however for the community for the Dalai Lama is the continuation of the at large several truths and several religions lineage of knowledge for the Tibetan people are necessary promotional religious the giotto monastery in Dharamsala has harmony if you have sense of global kept the traditions alive along with Tibetan responsibility of every human being centres and support groups around the including non-believer even those people world now new generations I think the who criticize religion who ended region they second generation and some cases third also human ancestors so once we develop generations now already there so not only in that then of course those people who have India but even in Canada in America and despaired no problem it's their right so Susan now these second generation third generations now they very very in the spirit personality belongs essentially within the of being Tibetan which Tibetan culture I domestic jurisdiction of another country the think past 50 years experience quite General Assembly agreed to adopt three encouraging and meantime we also use the resolutions these resolutions included that establish our school boys often as young as China would respect the human rights of 6 years of age join the monastery I was 13 Tibetans and their desire for self- years old when I came to monastery and I determination the United Nations feel very good in to come in monastry and I resolutions were not implemented by China came with my own self and monitor I told unlike his predecessors his holiness has my mother I want to go to more to become a held talks with many prime ministers royal Lama for that I came here I was very monarchs and presidents in a bid to gain exciting to see Dalai Lama and I've got to support for Tibet his life in exile has led him see Dalai Lama from near and I was very to more than 62 countries covering six happy and you know Dalai Lama is very big continents in 1996 he traveled to South Lama and why is Lama and he is like and Africa where he met with President Nelson good whenever he does an evil is coming Mandela I pray and I wish you see all your again to earth and he is not his making the hard work they can succeed and not only peace higher and higher and it's very good benefit for people in this country but also I for peace and there and he is our Lama think for Humanity I think you you can be a very big Lama then the reestablished a very good example it has not been an easy monastic institution and also a series journey the Chinese government has a lot of established in nunnery the quality of influence on the global political arena and Buddhist study same standard of those regularly pressures world leaders not to monetary or the two centuries enjoy so this meet with the Dalai Lama so you said this is is something new now we India now I think not a political visit but had Gordon Brown more than forty years is we establish invited you to Downing Street would you've serious study in the nunnery so now already accepted the invitation no reason to refuse highest peak degree already in the anomaly the Dalai Lama also enjoyed numerous with help of Indian government I think meetings with President George Bush among the refugee political refugee I think George Bush and me we have you see one we'd Tibetan become more successful quadrant King that is the promotion of refugee community so it is very very good is democracy more recently he has presented it is so far you see these really doing very his case to governments around the world well the dalai lama's role as the spiritual including the UK Foreign Affairs Select leader of the Tibetan people has been Committee I think world knows we are not pivotal over the past 50 years but his role as singing into business so sometimes I leader of the Tibetan government-in-exile jokingly telling people we both sides have has been more challenging the Dalai Lama some mantra or recitation I just I recite one has been generating constructive dialogue recitation that is we are not singing for the Tibetan quest since he petitioned the independence we are not singing United Nations General Assembly in 1959 independence that's my recitation perhaps he won the support of countries such as is a thousand times I think I think it's a Malaysia and Ireland which insisted the UN thousand times hmm then the Chinese or must act on the Tibetan problem be it in recitation is kept as part of China Tibet is Tibet or anywhere else in any part of the part of China trade is part of China there is world must be a matter to be taken up by a diode recitation so just a mere recitation the United Nations can it seriously be plain not much effective so we have to work I feel not a country like Tibet which has become little so that other uncomfortable but I am almost legendary by reason of its Buddhist monk all my sort of contract what I separateness from the rest of the world and really feel I express I have no sort of interest which has all the marks of a distinct national or practice saying something and keep in mind something different after all solution spiritual and political career the Dalai Lama must find between Chinese and Lawrence has received numerous awards and honors so this support from Chinese people it's including the Congressional Medal perhaps very essential now already some writers his most notable award is the Nobel Peace some intelligence wrote I think really very Prize the committee recognized his efforts objective sort of once it is assessment or for the liberation of Tibet and his quest for a articles so this is a little hopeful sign peaceful solution rather than using violence Universal responsibility each of us must so Tim Moore throughout his travels His learn to work not just for oneself one's own Holiness has spoken to many public family or one's nation but for the benefit of audiences and touched the hearts of all humankind Universal responsibility is the millions around the world you know he just foundation for world peace it seems to me celebrated his 70th birthday so he won't be many problems which we are facing around forever so you know these are these essentially man-made problem also laser are tremendous opportunities to be in the disaster Racing's something different but really the midst of greatness he's the major botton of our problem is essentially embodiment of all the Buddhist compassion our own creation and meantime nobody so when he comes you experience that and want problem I think every everyone in early it's very important because you know then morning when we get up I think a low body one feels inspired to share that same thing hoping now this day I should have more depends my whole life it will prevent a look problem more trouble nobody feed that from at the Buddha machine oscillate around the early morning as soon as Vega I think hope building in an Lola that she has on her from wish some Pleasant day that's women me she may be in Zonda she did wanna Asian and both of these troublemaker the come in and get ten I think Ichi casually she essentially not necessarily intended but is it sampling in Ananda has become a cook she a way for porch has become unrealistic that became Bardo add another property I mean causing problem unaffected an unrealistic she gave me some agony she's not you are approach happened that also not watching NASA okay who's in thank God intentionally but because of lack of eternally Egypt time I didn't anything I look perspective comprehensiveness back I wish you would need a membership perspective and many cases short-sighted with the Tadashi let them be when doing so that ultimately lack of sense of global that way in 2009 His Holiness visited the responsibility we divide we and day and remote Indian town of tawan in the Eastern feed our interest is something independent Himalayas region ordering China the close from their interest so taking most proximity of this visit to Tibet concerned the importantly our own interest and this is a Chinese government greatly the local God other's interest so that creates reality populace practiced Tibetan Buddhism and our interest others interest is actually I think speaker tongues similar to Tibetan risque very much interconnected so the reality we his visit would be possible or not was he are part of the six billion human being that the seals are together at the higher therefore six billion human being happy one authority at the central level at the moment individual home to be happy if six billion get of India takes the decision otherwise we trouble you cannot escape so that's the were longer to have him here at any cost so reality so according that reality our century- we all people fellow are very happy and he's old concept we and day something water we feel that God has arrived at office independent I think that outdated so and we are very very very helpful foreigners therefore the idea is a sense of global regularly travel to Dereham saline India to responsibility developed sense of concern hear the Dalai Lama's teachings I feel some entire humanity entire world wasn't one of joy sparing all away people are very happy us all a little new dilemma delusional wasn't to see the Dalai Lama we are coming from all that I don't know all throughout his Korea for almost three hundred papers come to take his or less teachings so peace the way to promote human value traditionally two weeks after the most are which is basis of our inner peace that is a day His Holiness will give a teaching on the very important factor for happy life including past lives of the Buddha and he's been healthy body some scientists actually use it doing this for many years even this in Tibet told me anger hatred fear actually eating our formerly it's little wonder that in these times immune system compassion increasing of global conflict the people of all cultures strengthening our immune system so and religions desire to hear the wisdom of therefore health viewpoint and peace of His Holiness our century whether we like it mind and both cases warm-heartedness is not become like century of bloodshed since given like no other religious leader the Dalai the war central violence now those Lama is constantly in the media spotlight problems will reach you our generation although English is not his first language his started now let's solve these are yellow joyful persona and sincere honesty has generation so hopefully thou our younger helped win the International presses support generation which belongs to this century to for the Tibetan movement channeling truth I the first century I think they in order to have always describe like BBC or CNN and I do peaceful century the peace does not mean not consider as a pro Tibetan role justice I no longer any conflict among humanity consider these these also I think the babies conflict bound to happen so they in order to across from the hair I always describe the keep peace in spite this conflict the only BBC something very objective particularly I realistic method is spirit of dialogue respect develop this convinced this conviction other side understand their viewpoint then in during for planned war if I hope Island Papa the sense of brotherhood sisterhood and try ah the British government then mr. mrs. to solve in the spirit of reconciliation and cager it's a little bit disappointed you see compromise so I often use it telling share your sort of clear presentation so something with people now let us try to create this danger about British so our Navy isn't it at century should be central of dialogue then I that time I develop sort of conviction ah then think here possibility of peace I think some you see let's read it objectively is it present inner peace so certain kind of inner peace so therefore you see the BBC I do not through the practice so here now this is one consider something like protection or anti- example in order to keep inner peace chinese genuinely through justice and there compassion really makes differences very are report very objective so this is a important because self-centered for the Chinese media very much lacking Jonathan person very sort of challenging oneself only Mirsky oh yeah my respect well not a good one cell so the reflection of that feeling use way for me to make friends with other word III like that so that word nothing wrong journalists Oh a person who asked me 80s but the real attitude here just think oneself early as 87 if things become more violence so tango only oneself then even tiny than what I do then I have a fellow that I problem appears unbearable if your attitude immediately answered if violence become think others well-being then with others is out of control then my option is resigned you infinity so think more about others well- see this answer recently also I repeat it so being your mind open widened then your thank you yes now your question no I forgot own problem appears not significant no and then call the positive TV could you insignificant same problem same tragedy give me positive 10 what is it then all of can be much different how you see it this them that this means we're beginning to sit angle you can see something very bad from that mp's are going into the chamber I see it this angle oh okay that often you see was not a synapse and I'll be known ok so happen therefore the compassionate ah all fire no ha ha ha ha ha ha we Canada attitude really widened so one's own we cannot jump yeah okay so yeah clearly a problem then not much sort of seriousness press conference with His Holiness can be so that I think make differences or inner a humorous experience but when the subject of China is raised it is no laughing fuller information about the reality so matter unbelievable from Chandni service sometimes was it they really but feeling with uh you just imagine a who may rise do you Tibetan our ended finish this is absolutely think a situation of human rights in Tibet is not before the Dalai Lama dies by tradition better or worse or the moment than he will inform the monks of his new previous period before 1959 the togedu reincarnation and they will seek the child Sharia was worsened yeah worse could you llama but Tibetans fear China will dictate give me I think that is answer you should go who is the successor to his holiness as a to Japan and ask then you get answered if I way of extending their control over Tibet this say was then immediately you say order an was demonstrated by China's removal of education in Beijing or ready to cover tough the Tibetan Panchen Lama and installing to cover the Olympic Games and some their own the Kamata is touted by many as have come back and said the Chinese a possibility to fill the vacuum left by the authorities are showing them lots of 14th Dalai Lama at the age of fourteen information about Tibet and taken them to Karmapa made a daring escape from a Tibet heritage centers and giving them the Tibetan monastery he crossed the Chinese government's view so they've been Himalayas by foot and horse back to India very organized to use the opportunity this is and now resides at the kyoto monastery in the claim of having journalists in Beijing to Dharamsala countries dishonor cattle show them the Chinese authorities view sharing deucey t gazella - I definitely feel I does not unusual now last 50 60 years 100 can be the bridge between the two the old years ago like that way even during Cultural Tibetans and the youth of Nene deburr olya Revolution they're all Chinese media so did you see somebody with her hands over praise about culture evolution so that later is chat react cuz at the digit casualty and Tyga a political situation change leadership Arab Lee you have a risotto the Dalai Lama change then full criticism about and the Tibetan people are considering conservation the Dalai Lama shared some many options to continue the lineage of the of his insights regarding the struggles of Dalai Lama one option is appointing the dealing with the Chinese government at the 15th Dalai Lama before the 14th passes Royal Albert Hall wonderful monk I know away this is a radical departure from the very well before 1959 he spent 18 years in traditional formality the Dalai Lama's life has Chinese gulag so this monk then he's joined been a remarkable journey now aged in his the Amsale one day the casual talk then he 70s he remains optimistic about his people's told me during 18 years in Chinese glove he future now hopefully the Chinese leadership faced few occasion some danger then I should use more common sense rather than thought danger on his life maybe and I emotion then I think the future is bright of asked what kind of danger and his answer course this moment we are passing through is danger of losing compassion towards difficult period but this is permanent His Chinese so that kind of attitude but recently Holiness concludes each day with prayers the Chinese government seems to pay before retiring he often cites a favorite verse more attention about say Tibetan problem found in the writings of the renowned 18th so and also I think because of the worldwide century Buddhist scholar saint shanti sorrow clear signal about your concern I daehwa for as long as space indoors and think that this is it definitely impacts in the for as long as living beings remain. leaders of Chinese government so please continue your also expression of solidarity expression of your concern really happen and then wherever you see you find the sort of opportunity to talk with Chinese brothers sisters and then talk educate because this is some of the Chinese they have no food in the bazaar looks like a vast flea market of the general type you might find in India or even in western cities in fact kashgar might well be the original prototype for there was once a famous flea bazaar here so named because it was the section of the market where old clothes were sold but the real fascination for us are the people themselves here is a place where buying and selling in general entertainment are all over peace the whole market is a strange mixture of the ancient and the modern a constantly about 2,500 million years ago the tectonic surprising alternation of the exotic and the plate of India split off from the west coast of mundane Judy she intent on the Heiser title Africa and drifted away into the open seas shoes the chai Connor or tea shop has its India continued to drift north until it plunged roots in antiquity but in former times a under the belly of the Asian mainland mandolin player or a storyteller would have causing the most massive of evil on the face held his audience spellbound rather than of the planet Oh like any storyteller returning Chinese cartoons we find michael who has from a long journey I spent the months been waiting in Kashgar for our arrival following our expedition attempting to give assessing the price of pigeons at the bird shape to a series of images thoughts and market i finally buy a sparrow but its wings feelings an expedition of this kind is made have been clipped so i guess it will have to up of many private journeys each adding a sit on my shoulder until i can find someone different perspective to the whole I decided who wants a pet bird rather than a chinese to make the second episode Michael's story suffer a hundred years ago there were a Western Buddhist on the trail of an better buys to be had in the kashgar bizarre ancient Chinese pilgrim who made a than sparrows george mccartney the lone famous pilgrimage to India in search of the British representative in this remote corner Buddha our first stop was the ancient Oasis of Asia bought some souvenirs that were to known to the Chinese as Kashi but referred startle the world we're walking exactly to more frequently as kashgar by the local where it all began where they found the very Uighur population The Wiggles are an first manuscript that made Central Asia such ancient nomadic tribe who settled along the a such an incredible place for for all the art Silk Road over 2,000 years ago they share historians and all the excavators and the with their Turkic neighbors to the west explorers when Eric Shipton came to my similar racial and cultural roots the house I think in the seventies he spoke of differences we note have more to do with this place and he was speaking like in her time than place it feels less like traveling dream and really that bangle it excited me from one country to another than receding that ever if ever I would get a chance to be very gently into a distant past yet kashgar here and see here here at the turn of the was not always so isolated strategically century Cheney bog as the british council placed at both the east-west and north- was called served as a strategic listening south axis of the silk routes it was for many post beyond the himalayas with british india centuries a major conduit for people goods in its cold war against the rapidly expanding and ideas farmers from the countryside and russian empire in her memoir of Chinee bag neighboring oases still flock each week to as the british consulate was called lady the great Sunday bazaar you the unloaded mccartney tells how it became the most carts wait by the tumen river' while their famous guest house in central asia my owners sell their wares on the bridge and husband acquired a quantity of broken along the streets of old kashgar a first sight pottery stone and metal seals stucco figurines of buddha and some 35 leaves of yard count is a green island the notion of manuscript from native treasure seekers sand fed by a glacial river that descends evidently picked up by them in the desert he from the northern wall of the Tibetan looked upon his acquisitions as near curios Plateau it's orchards fields and poplar lined nevertheless he sent them to professor only avenue stretch for 70 or 80 miles along the a well-known Sanskrit scholar what was his southern sun road history seems to have surprise from the professor wrote to tell him forgotten your hand unlike kashgar there that these manuscripts were the oldest are few Han Chinese about our present Indian handwritten documents then known century seems to have made little impact to exist they were of the 4th century AD the old caravanserai on Kashmir Street many scientific expeditions came in would still be waiting for the Silk Road consequence the most important of them traders to arrive laden with gold and spices being those of our friend Sir Aurel Stein and from India and I can imagine Stein refitting the late professor von de Kock they his foots or camels here before setting off in excavated a great number of ruin sites search of buried cities Stein's caravan left around the Taklamakan desert often at York and in December 1900 it was the first several days march from any present day of his three great expeditions spanning a habitation if any of my readers think I am period of 16 years following Zhang Zhang's making too much of the past cultural clues he excavated a succession of ancient importance of Turkestan let him or her go to sites they had exotic names like Iran Khan the British Museum and ask for the stein Dalek Rulon and yielded a stream of collection the civilization had emerged full remarkable relics his success sparked an blown from the desert linking for the first international race for the buried treasures of time the four great cultures of the ancient Chinese Turkestan an ancient civilization world Greece Persia India and China Stein preserved in the sand offered up its secrets called its Air India he conducted one of the by the ton nearly a century later Chinese greatest raids on the ancient world that has archaeologists continue to find new ever been attempted his chief source of evidence for one of their earliest cultures clues was the travel diary of the 7th century but they are the late comers by 1930 the Buddhist pilgrim called Duan Zhuang our whole chapter of history had already been local guide escorts us to one of the ancient carted off to foreign lands Stein was sites described by zhuangzi called more branded a foreign devil which stolen China's temple it was part of the Tang Dynasty town past and he was refused permission to with the pilgrims stopped on his return from conduct a fourth expedition Stein died in India they're along ramparts was the stupa 1943 with his discoveries safely locked of moher temple a domed tower that once away in the British Museum the man himself held a niche for the buddha image before was conveniently forgotten there is one his arrival chuan zang had narrowly place however where he is still given credit escaped death at the hands of bandits did for his achievements India's National he write here bow to the Buddha and offer Museum in Delhi the British Raj co-funded thanks for his deliverance next morning we Stein's expeditions and were entitled to half set off across the desert to York and the of everything he found as a result India next oasis town over 200 miles away is our inherited an impressive collection of Central first taste of the heat and glare and dust of Asian art and in these rooms sir India finally the Taklamakan which in Turkic means he comes to life for me Stein's discovery of who goes in does not come out from the such lost languages as crusty Sogdian and comparative comfort of our Jeep I think of Brahmi show how the once vibrant Buddhist John Zhang and Mark Aurel Stein traveling culture of Central Asia had spread from the same route when there was nothing but India and how it evolved after coming into the bleached bones of dead men and contact with Chinese Persian and ancient animals to mark their way like many oasis Greek cultures along the Silk Road the art literature and artifacts he brought back are distractions no sense of time rushing by on among the earliest examples anywhere in the spot where an historian monk would the world Stein was a brilliant orientalist he have prayed to Jesus or a Chinese pilgrim turned to exploration to confirm his theories meditated a Muslim woman now invokes the on the evolution of ancient Buddhist culture name of Allah prayer beads are an ancient Oh recalling his discoveries my heart skips aid to meditation used in each of these a beat as we approach our first sand buried spiritual traditions counting beads is a way city 22 miles south of the present-day of emptying the mind of disturbing thoughts Houghton is the ancient capital of Malacca the first step in any spiritual training a clear Wat aside from the chance for a little mind it is said produces a calm heart then unexpected exercise it's a disappointment death itself can be faced without fear if sand the Chinese are supposed to have dug up is the Messenger of Death water is the an imperial hole in a collection of Tang angel of life in the desert when there is no Dynasty pottery here but all I can see are rainfall water is more precious than gold bits of old wall which might easily be everything requires water even the houses mistaken for boulders it's the desert wind courtyards and mud brick walls need to be that really fires my imagination the same dry washed down every day or the dry air will wind that suddenly swallowed up an entire quickly reduce them to dust on this daily epoch see perfectly preserved bodies that water giving ritual rests the entire history of have been buried in the sand for thousands civilization along the Silk Road the day we of years this woman his looks as this year arrived the family are harvesting their almost alive where did she come from to apricots and my interpreter and I are invited some extent uncommon that's from sixth to pick our own basket full of fruit I asked century before time - 6th century 6th century her if we should offer to pay but ghuli whose means that this woman has been buried in name means desert flower says it would be the sand just like she is for 1,400 years insulting it is the Weger way of wishing us a years with her shoes on and her clothes just pleasant journey along the Silk Road in the as here and her hair he is extraordinary and small country villages outside Houghton oral this is her nine-year-old daughter you can traditions survive which preserve the see her hair with a Buddhist country food memory of the Silk Road in a very vivid way ultimate photo he has their Buddhist that's the head of this village is a well-known amazing it's like looking at a xuan zang and negara drummer who relives the history he thinking about the journey that he did from heard as a child in the songs and lyrics he China to India to pick up the manuscripts now performs for others one Zhang came here are real people of his time perfectly many centuries ago and was greeted by the preserved it's fantastic south of Houghton king of Catan who played just this sort of overlooking the karakash river of the instrument for him and all the people came meditation caves of Kirk Marin over the round and there was much dancing and centuries they have provided religious singing do you know that story miserable refuge for the followers of many different killed egg can't brunnen the shiitake and faiths just when I thought that the trail of dawn began time before thinking and chuan zang had gone cold and there was they're sure party sure hotel party Chelsea nothing more to learn about him the Silk I'm sure a lot about the end yeah the Road has begun to offer up new insights the mission Avril Honda Natasha and zonal olga Buddhist scriptures discovered in this cave van i'm sure not to salute lana ship addenda date from the time of fashion a third century now rutila kept against issue Silesia is near pilgrim who inspired chuan zang zone Alma Popham unload on Rotten I was - sure journey it's hard to believe that they the Hozuki puke indicate party journalism a remained here undisturbed for nearly 1,700 ba de the negara is an ancient instrument years yet the peaceful stillness of Kirk Marin that has been passed down from generation offers a glimpse of eternity there are a few to generation the negara was played whenever the King had something important Tang Dynasty City where's one Zhang to tell the people the Ox I taught your boy returned after his 10,000 mile pilgrimage to Terra could be a festival or it could be an India and back although Xian is a major accident or some other emergency the industrial center its historic sites attract negara was a signal for people to gather tourists from around the world it's 2 million together becoming too much is you a tip inhabitants are no greater in number than some people say they have heard the they were in the year 645 when John sound of drums coming from the of the Zhang's Caravan arrived laden with books negara at night it was a holy place where images and holy relics the people of many Buddhist priests lived in ancient times Shangaan had heard of his incredible it would have been called the Temple of the voyage to distant far-off places and they Ganta after the drum that called monks and poured out of their houses to welcome the laymen to prayer in his diary chuan zang buddhist master whose adventures had recounts the legend which gave the temple already become legendary kwon jang-ho its name in the days before Buddhism came Caro in China and his wild goose pagoda in to Central Asia a king discovered a disciple the temple of great goodwill is a famous of Buddha in deep meditation hearing of the landmark the emperor side su bilge Wang man who had conquered earth and death Zhang dis stone tower to house his the king wanted the Buddha to appear manuscripts here the pilgrims spent the last before him the disciple told him to build a years of his life translating them with a team temple on this spot the king complied and of hand-picked scholars the new corpus of then asked again to see the Buddha the Buddhist teachings was destined to have an disciple replied let the king exercise true immense impact on all the cultures of the faith and he will appear at that moment Far East moved by the Reverend still shown there descended from the air a figure of the this remarkable man I pay my own respects Buddha who confirmed the Kings faith and in the traditional manner the Emperor was a gave him a gun to drum for his temple and Confucian and had been hostile to so the collective memory of an ancient Buddhism as a young man but in his later people continues to be passed down from years he took a deep interest in this new generation to generation leaving the main religion Chauhan's I became the emperor's expedition for a few days we fly to Xian in spiritual advisor and used his influence to the heartland of China the Silk Road ends strengthen the position of Buddhism in here among the rice paddies of Shaanxi China during the Tang Dynasty new and province in drawn Zhang's time these fields distinctly Chinese forms of Buddhism lay within the walled city of Shang Gong the emerged chuan zang zone sect lasted a imperial capital during the Tang Dynasty the mere 70 years after his death but his tombs of the Tong Emperor's are grouped translations influenced many schools which on a hillside outside of Xian a party of have survived to this day including the headless ambassadors known only by the famous Chon school was traveled to Japan foreign names on their backs reflects the where it became known as Zen the temple cosmopolitan flavor of an era that of the flourishing teaching is a 7th century represents the best in Chinese art and monastery to the south of xi'an its monks culture in the 7th century Shangaan was the and lay followers still chat the original gateway for all the new ideas arriving along Sanskrit verses brought back from India by the Silk Road in the market quarter of John Zang and honor his memory by Chillon a modern statue commemorates the circling the tower that holds his ashes Oh starting point of the ancient caravan route inscribed on his tomb is the word Tripitaka traders brought their Goods here from or threefold basket which refers to the Central Asia and beyond exchanging them original core of Buddha's teaching Tripitaka for iron gold silk and the newly popular tea became the nickname for chuan zang at 27 the bell tower stands at the center of the he set out on his pilgrimage and did not return until he was 43 unconvinced by the the fish that was one of his thirty-two marks translations then available in China he of a great man and his footsteps the sought the true teaching of the Buddha from Buddha was an indian prince called the Holy Land of India he walked alone into Siddhartha Gautama who renounced a life the great unknown crossing the world's of luxury and privilege for that of a worst deserts and its highest mountain wandering ascetic confronted with a bitter ranges he faced death many times and his reality of life outside his palace gates he courage and equanimity impressed Kings asked whether there could be a way to end bandits and barbarians alike he sectiond at all suffering the beggar women and children monasteries and debated with learned at the temple gates are a constant reminder monks and by the time he reached his of this pertinent question the Buddha was destination his reputation as a great sage concerned with more than the alleviation of had already preceded him chuan zang was physical poverty he came to see suffering not the only Chinese pilgrim to visit the as a basic human condition as universal as homeland of Buddhism but he was the most old age sickness and death it was not a important like a dead star that keeps matter of living a sheltered life or even of releasing energy for thousands of years he extending that opportunity to as many continues to be a valuable source of people as possible the burning issue that knowledge and inspiration the modern state made him leave his palace and seek an of Bihar contains the main sites where the answer was much deeper and the more he Buddha lived and taught during his lifetime meditated on it the more elusive the answer with a decline of Buddhism in India these seemed he studied with the best teachers of sites were either destroyed or abandoned his age for six years he imposed the most many centuries would pass before severe hardships on himself until he was archeologists and art historians would seek emaciated and on the point of death yet them out again and like oil Stein it would there was no solution to his problem so he invariably turn to John's on to guide their gave up his austerities and nourished footsteps a short distance from the present himself until his body was strong again then city of Gaia lies blood gaia where the he sat down beneath the Bodhi tree for one buddha has said to have achieved final supreme effort vowing not to get up enlightenment this sacred site is once more until he was fully enlightened not far from a center for pilgrims from all the different Bodhgaya is a peaceful valley that seems to Buddhist countries of the Far East Western have changed very little from the time the tourists mingle with visitors from Bhutan Buddha walked here having reached the Southeast Asia Japan and of course Tibet a end of his ascetic life the Buddha bathed in few months after the expedition is over my the nearby river this is truly one of the most wife and I arrive in India to see where's Ron beautiful places that I have ever seen Zhang's long pilgrimage had led him we're wonderful I'm I just love watching that little coming around to the Bodhi tree just around child down there to be Sufi another was the corner yeah that is he can recognize it putting all the weeks and working very hard by its leaves I've seen it in so many pictures putting it in a big bushel and the child's this is a fourth Bodhi tree and it was brought playing it and then makes a little hat out of from Sri Lanka by the Cunningham the that out of the burlap and runs after archeologist who uncovered this place late everywhere there are children and animals nineteenth century and a marvelous tree coming through the village give a little shawl amazing how bigots but these are the down there with the staff stopped in time Buddha's footsteps see how they're painted have you just the way the Buddha must red Safran colored little coins are put here have seen it 2,500 years ago in what really his offerings before the Gandhara period has changed I don't know Telegraph I mean there was no Buddha image and so the only telephone poles yeah telephone poles image of the Buddha was the Wheel of Life where is the river just over there that's where we going oh I see see the temple that and when John Zhang arrived and actually is where the Buddha met Sujata Sujata she came up to him and said my name is Wong just had to tell the young girl who gave him Zhang and I want the teachings of the a bowl of milk what was the story this must Mahayana or at that time it was called the be where he came when he was during the yogacara teachings and I would like you to period when he did his real privations and be my teacher should I bother looked up to he was starving and very emaciated and he him and wept and so a crucial transmission came and sat by the riverbed didn't he have took place that would help ensure the to be that's right and the Shepherd looked smooth passage of Buddhism to China and after him why should we look after him and beyond Buddhism soon disappeared from then a shepherd girl came with a bowl of India and the timeliness of Zhang Zhang's milk that was Sujata this is still Suja toes pilgrimage became apparent to all he had Valley alone among the world's great followed the footsteps of the Buddha in the teachers the Buddha never claimed to be Holy Land and within his own heart he was more than a human being his teaching one of the world's great travelers but his mission lasted 45 years and would yield an journey like that of the Buddha was enormous body of work but he summed it principally an inward one you a true disciple up in a single phrase suffering I teach and chuan zang strove earnestly to liberate his the way out of suffering one of his first own heart and in so doing became himself a monastic orders was started in a mango light for others to follow light and warmth are grove at Nalanda later to become the two aspects of the liberated humanized greatest University in Asia it is the largest of energy hence the Buddha is called both the all the ancient Buddhist centers and a must all enlightened one with the single eye of for any tourist making a tour of sacred sites wisdom and the old compassionate one with Duong Vuong spent many months in the a heart that radiates love you can even the Londe and gives a glowing description of its Sun Zi beings on earth yummy savanna attractions section halls libraries temples gentle a teeny vomit amitabh Xiu cans avati and flower gardens and above all the to toes up upon King Tina paucity Yamaha greatest Buddhist teachers of the day it's be the Buddha never encouraged blind faith like come home yes there must have been or belief in anything it could not be about 10,000 monks living here at the time experienced firsthand the liberated warmth of John Zang you think he slept in one of of his heart shone forth encouraging others these well could be although I doubt to break through their self delusions and whether these were the exact same walls it awaken to their true nature Santos occurs I was rediscovered by general Lord sober up those inclined to follow him he Cunningham in the 20th century and a lot of taught a middle way between self- these were rebuilt didn't you tell me one indulgence and self-mortification a nano he thing teacher had a dream about his coming done nothing but the Buddha did not yes serpent portent Shilla Bhadra was the promise deliverance he said he could only teacher he was a famous Mahayana point the way everyone had to walk each teacher and he was he was here yes he step of that way like the great pilgrims runs lived here and taught here he was the on their own two feet. master of Malanda and he lived in great pain he had terrible arthritis at one time it was so bad that he wanted to simply waste away and he had this terribly powerful dream she told him not to do such a thing and that he was going to be the master of a very important Chinese pilgrim and this pilgrim was going to ask him for the Mahayana teachings and it was one thing parrillada Panem a tango Don asana which means Saba Papa Sakura to shun all evils cosa a subsample da to do good such it appeared upon verification of your mind Aidan booth unfasten this is the ticking of all the buddhas is not easy well it's very easy if you understand it back to school a nearby Buddhist Sunday school my companion was dr. Ratna Paulo professor of anthropology in Colombo and the Buddhist layman but I if you think of religion as something to do might have studied in a Sunday school with God the story we're going to tell is not when I was young and I think elements of about religion it's about the teaching of a Buddhism I learned from the school the man it's about Buddhism here at Paulaner primary aim is to mold character although Rua one of the ancient capitals of sri lanka you may learn things by heart the first thing the island we used to call salon I was given that they teach is love respect all life then a lesson in how to look at a statue my equality then the tolerance you know it's the teacher then and for most of this search one of the thing that I like in this country's was the venerable Ananda Maitreya former tolerance you are tolerated so these three vice-chancellor of a Buddhist University things were taught to me and they helped described in an address from the Buddhists me a lot to mold my character if the of Burma as greatest of pundits picked to Buddhists have an equivalent of the Lord's represent his country on a visit to Mao's Prayer this seems to be it I take the Buddha China I was a bit scared to meet him till I as my refuge I take the Dharma as my met him when you see a figure of the refuge I take the Sangha as my refuge in Buddha from his eyes of the sketches it other words I click refuge in the enlightened teaches you the control of ice because it one that's the Buddha I take refuge in the reflects the roll control a restraint of truth he saw and preached that's the restraining eyes to control of your eyes from Dharma I take refuge in the community of the mouth control of now control of speech monks who live by the teaching and carry it the scaling speak and from his from the out to the world that's the Sangha after hands of this statue they restrained in hand school some of the children told dr. Ratna in your in new activities from the feet also pala and me their favorite stories they were there are stayed in fee the whole body all taken from the Buddhist scriptures and explains or expresses the restraint of whole they were all about the former lives of the body so in terms of our body so these Buddha like this one on respect for elders stillness of the statue isn't just a matter of an elephant a monkey and a partridge tried being stone it is an invitation is to emulate to establish which was senior so as to bring will do the same thing yes so there's religion some order to their community when I was there is the real Dharma your doctrine is young said the elephant I could walk over there ducting symbolized an underbite really that tree and it scarcely touched my belly in deliberate simplicity about 10 miles from when I was young said the monkey I could Columbo when I asked him what he thought sit on the ground and gather leaves from its his greatest weakness was he said books topmost branches when I was young said from his little house he's planning a the Partridge I at a seed which passed Buddhist Study Center for interested through my body and dropped to the earth foreigners in the meantime he writes and and from the seed grew the tree so the teachers and receives visitors I said you can seniority of the Partridge was established you put Buddhism in nutshell yes what we and the other tool paid their respects and I do Ella Buddha said Sabah Papa soccer said the Buddha was that Partridge but who una cosa la SOPA Sampada sakata is the Buddha you get one possible answer by retracing his steps back to India this is visited they don't lead you to an altar there's bodhgaya in northern India where a giant no holy of Holy's kept separate from the stone relic box Dwarfs a tree here says the people with God one side and you the other tradition two and a half thousand years ago tableau by tableau you're taken gently under a tree a man sat he'd been born into through a story the life story of the Buddha luxury and that hadn't satisfied him he'd when you see statues in a temple do you tried self-denial and that had nearly killed think of it as a kindergarten a somewhat like him now at the age of 35 he sat here and kindergarten class the kindergarten section after great inner journeyings woke up to the of this critical life therefore beginning do truth and that is the literal meaning of the people get stuck there well if they do get word Buddha he is the one who has woken stuck then there is no progress this is a up after his awakening says the traditional fledgling relative of the Buddha with his he warped to Banaras where in a nearby parents it's been a novice monk for one Deer Park and the deer are still there he hour exactly if after five ten or fifty years he preached his first sermon and with that decides to disrobe nobody's going to stop sermon won his first five disciples but the him so the events of an hour ago weren't as question remains who is the Buddha he final as they looked he had his head shaved super natural he's God he immortal is a why is that for the simplicity sake while the man an extraordinary man from the very shaving happens the candidate is made to beginning with life he's extraordinary that's hold and look at a clipping of his own the case not supernatural natural but departing hair it's his first lesson in extraordinary it wasn't that an under my tree meditation the children you have available back in Sri Lanka exactly disapproved of there was a nice informality about the style that trip to India but I got a strong of the ceremony but nothing had hazarded impression but given the choice he out the timing it happened at an hour and on preferred live teaching to a dead relic Island a day that was astrologically exactly like Mike Lee's hometown as you can tell if you from Buddhist point of view best astroid see his full name is Balan goda because it's economic is when your mind is strong the custom here to make the name of your enough full of self-confidence and energy birthplace part of your permanent label nevertheless the astrological calendar had Balan goda Allen Demetria he took me to been consulted in his lifetime the Buddha the local temple to see the monk in charge a ordained nuns as well as monks at the man in his 90s a friend of mine yes when I moment there are 15,000 monks in Sri was about 30 men in my school days from Lanka and no ordained nuns though there my school days he was a great friend of are moves from time to time to establish mine who is much a delicious is he very them this is the last time he'll pay respect to much your senior is about four years the his parents as a layman the ordination scenery is calculated from the day that you proper begins with the three refuges I take are Audient so it's our custom that we have the Buddha as my refuge I take his teaching pay respect to our see if we see near to me as my refuge I take the community of his even in one minute and respect in this disciples as my refuge but danyoung be society it's no bad thing to be old who is hunted but young of but Ganga the what suspicious the son of printhead language is having difficulty with is poly partners some of the girl who became the that's the language of the earliest Buddhist Buddha yes and here is the Buddha yes scriptures these are his new robes a he's very cool yes Wiseman big fella would Buddha penny Saturn a new barn effective had two bodies a spiritual body and physical among casa a layman observes Five party the figure shows the nature of physical Precepts five undertakings not to destroy body appearances in appearance but the life not to steal not to misuse sex not to lie height shows the height will accuse infinite and not to take in toxicant as a monk he'll legends one thing about the temples we take five more not to eat after 12 noon not to dance sing or attend shows not to must cling to nothing because there's decorate himself not to use soft beds not to nothing anywhere solid enough to cling to handle gold or silver I asked Anandi and if you can't cling however much you Maitreya if ordination gave them any special want to you're faced with one unthinkable powers that's something like a blessing from terrifying alternative you've got to let go God or somewhat like that there's no such when a novice is at least 20 he can be thing in Buddhism because if everything is ordained a fully-fledged monk a bhikkhu in you you depend on what you do you this tradition a Baku doesn't eat after 12:00 shouldn't expect any external help from a noon and what he eats he begs for simply spirit or from anybody for it for your own whatever house you see first then we go development now under God Himself could this if they offer us and we accept if they scarcely believe it but parents and don't offer it and we also would allow do you grandparents he'd bowed to ten minutes collect food for other monks or in your earlier queue up with presence and bow to backing bury some time if there are number him we forgot to spiritual life the boy is of monks in the temple so we collect some higher than the parents if spiritually he is food even sufficient for others I asked the higher parents know this the umbrella by laymen the food givers why they did it giving the way is the thing he likes best at the end is the way to get inner wisdom said one of of the day as if he'd read my thoughts under them but the rest talked about meritorious Maitreya said don't worry for some time at actions gaining merit like accumulating a least he'll be junior to every other monk he store of spiritual riches that will help them to meets and if he gets above himself we shall a better rebirth our farmers are wondering if help him down a word you hear a great deal it was difficult to beg no because when we in talk with Buddhists is the word suffering guy in the order naturally we have to drop being alive is suffering dying is suffering you our pride because we know we live on can be happiest suffering if they're saying others even with an alien tagging on behind what they seem to be saying Buddhists the pace of the walk was deliberate and the should have the world's longest and sourest concentration unbroken take two monks one faces it was a relief to find out that the word sits and meditates one goes out and serve you cling on to as you take your first steps society which is more praiseworthy then in Buddhism isn't simple suffering it's better dead events and market the motive lives translated as unsatisfactoriness instability according to his motive either this or that uncertainty nothing ever stays the same I'll person is paid for it I suppose I wanted him try and put it to you as it was put to me here to approve of the bhikkhu who bustle about am I sitting comfortably in this chair in an doing good then we go arms begging if we hour's time I might still be quite comfortable do it properly properly well I mean correctly in 24 hours I'd be in fair agony in 24 years you have to meditate to extend your loving- I'd be a cripple and in 240 years I'd be kindness with the people who offer you bones and the chair will be looking arms so you have to spend that loving preceded - even if you try to keep quite still feeling that loving kindness feeling of client and not change change will still happen and kindness towards them it purifies even in there's nothing anybody can do to stop it so that moment your mind it is a kind of if like most people you're a clinging man in a blessing mental blessing about the world which never stops changing what do meditation on loving-kindness I believe that you cling to some would say God even the you begin it by concentrating on yourself crowd at an English football match sings o and loving yourself self-love I was brought thou that change is not abide with me but up to believe is an evil thing well if it stops Buddhists don't accept the idea of one there itself then it may be an evil thing but unchanging Almighty God the problem they you don't stop there itself first you Lao it is say is man's problem and the Buddhist natural that everybody loves himself better solution as far as I can understand it is you of all other persons so you have to extend you allow first you where you have to sidewalks for example to help guide the experience fear Lao on yourself love her blind the omnipresent mountains are an yourself so you experience your love then obstacle to expanding habitations to make you extend the very same experience the most of their reduced living space the towards all other living beings Kahneman Japanese plant crops on any plot of land who doesn't love himself then not love for available no matter how small the traditional the people well a man who doesn't love architecture has given way to high-rise himself never loves others it is impossible constructions to this general lack of space come to think of it the Christian gospel says they found a vertical solution the traditions love thy neighbor as thyself not more than are deeply entrenched especially in cuisine myself and not less but am i right the where the creative presentation of the Buddha did require his bhikkhus to serve dishes is particularly important fresh well yes for the benefit of the people for the produce is preferred and the preparation good order people for the welfare of the involves a series of meticulous operations people to t compete and help the people so the Japanese are very attentive to nature in he sent out the first hysterical word mission autumn they follow the maple leaves day by hood that there was no world mission like day as they turn red the Japanese like their that it was the start of a world mission. nature disciplined Zen Buddhism which was introduced into Japan in the 12th century is based on meditation the extremely sober Zen garden is designed to be conducive to meditation and self-awareness the attitudes the gestures and clothing have been handed down through the centuries in often complex rituals full of symbolism the ancient traditions nourish artistic creation they also kept alive by more contemporary forms of expression the cinema for example which owes its success to several renowned directors and it's cartoon heroes and new traditions have appeared a host of charming little characters are catching on quickly these are the kawaii which means cute Japan located off the eastern coast of the children are taught to be socially Asian continent is an arc shaped string of responsible but adults also get caught up in islands 3,000 kilometers long at the heart of the game the cat maneki-neko brings good the country lies Honshu the main island luck he has good influence when you take which accounts for 60% of Japan's an omikuji from a vending machine on a slip landmass it is home to Kyoto and Tokyo the of paper you will find a general forecast for two most recent capitals three fifths of your future it means that the eight will have Japan is mountainous on the coastal plains the better future the amount of farming is the population is very dense eighty percent constantly decreasing and now accounts for of the Japanese live in cities moreover the barely 1% of the gross domestic product mountainous terrain limits the size and rice farming is surviving thanks to output of the farms the percentage of young government subsidies Japanese is the people in the Japanese population is world's second most powerful economy continually decreasing 20 percent of the after the United States industry accounts for Japanese are over the age of 65 the society one-fourth of the country's wealth and takes care of the neediest for social employs one-fourth of the workforce the cohesion is a fundamental value here in automobile industry is one of the country's Japan there are raised markings on the economic powerhouses despite the handicap of the mountainous terrain the dating back to the a dough period and it's Japanese have done wonders with their my duty to carry on this tradition for the next highway system the mountains are not very generation and the generations to come it's high but it takes works of art to cross them my duty a group of young people are telecommunications are a way to save a executing the figures of a Toki recuperate good deal of time in this country whose the Karakoram marionettes are protected roads often take roundabout paths the like precious works of art the machinery is highway tolls in Japan are among the incredibly complex one of them represents highest in the world the high speed train the the deity a Basu sama he brushes a Shinkansen connects the major cities it's a character on a sheet of paper that will then quick reliable way to travel the Shinkansen be placed at the entrance of a house to was inaugurated in 1964 seventeen years bring good luck to the family during the before the French TGV both trains run at Autumn Festival 11 - er paraded through the the same speed around 300 kilometers an streets of the city the does she date back to hour but the Shinkansen wins out on the 17th century they are true masterpieces frequency on some lines there are as many composed of wood cloth metal and lacquer as six trains an hour the island of Honshu the festivities are held in honor of the is widest at the center 250 kilometers divinity sakura yamaha chi mangu a divinity across in the heart of the truble region we of Shintoism the original religion of japan come upon the city of Takayama despite its during the procession the divinity is carried modern districts the city has been spared through the city in a portable shrine the the unchecked urbanization of the 20th vendors are out in force doing business with century for a modest sum a begging monk the crowds of visitors for the festival of administers a purification Rite the morning Takayama is indeed one of the country's market attracts a good crowd right from finest after nightfall the dance of the shishi daybreak the Japanese considered plant the mythical lion dance makes its way proteins as an antidote to agent the city has through the different parts of the city the - er conserved its wooden buildings which date lit up and moved through the streets back to the 17th century the local craftsmen following a precise route a crew of several are renowned throughout all of Japan in the men draws the heavy structures guiding the past the town would pay its taxes by float through the narrow streets is quite a sending its best carpenters to the Capitol to feat [Applause] at the end of the work on the temples and palaces the procession the floats come to a halt before traditional craftsmen of Takayama are the festival officials after the customary highly skilled in a variety of fields even for greetings and exchanges of civilities they transporting tourists the traditional ways are receive an offering of several bottles of sake still in practice the rickshaws will be around also known as rice wine the offering of sake for some time to come the local craftsman is to placate the divinities and to ensure a turn out a variety of works from fish kebabs bountiful harvest the festival follows the to the preparation of dorayaki but the cycle of the seasons the region of chubu is speciality of Takayama is by far wood crossed by the Japanese Alps and in the carvings the city is swarming with people National Park at kamikochi one can make here for the autumn festival the event which some surprising encounters with Japanese dates back to the end of the sixteenth macaques the volcano of yaki ducky century is a celebration to thank the gods reaches a height of 2,500 meters the clouds for the harvest that Guerra Cory marionette drifting by the summit blend with the wisps execute a series of intricate movements of smoke and gas coming from the crater perched atop a float called a dashi he is the the contour of the land was drastically intermediary between the world of humans changed by a violent eruption in 1915 and that of the divine forces Takayama's volcanic projections dammed the river mechanical dolls are a very old tradition draining the valley forming a lake the beauty of this spot is an inspiration to artists chant mantras incantations of mystical they express their admiration for nature formulas [Applause] a path shaded by down to the most subtle nuances it's Japanese Cedars winds through the always possible to enjoy nature in its wild okunoin cemetery these statues dressed in state as long as one respects it the red bother got diesel protector of deceased Japanese have a deep respect for their children and women who've had natural heritage the architectural heritage miscarriages or abortions cotton there are was for the most part designed to be in around 200,000 tombs here center is the harmony with nature these thatched roofed tomb of the monk Kobo Daishi Kukai the houses are characteristic of the village of founder of Shingen the monk Kukai has ogimachi the whole community would take such prestige that many japanese want to part in the construction of these houses they be buried here several major companies were designed to stand up to the harsh have burial vaults reserved for their winters and in particular the heavy snowfalls personnel the decoration of the vault is the roofs are steeply sloped to prevent the often inspired by the nature of the business snow from piling up no nails no screws the from the coffee producer to the aerospace beams are assembled with rope these industry the company spirit lives on into the houses are in the casual tsukuri style and next life the omikuji that announced bad need regular upkeep oh gosh a live aguar news are tied to a rope water is sprinkled the term gastro sukui comes from the onto the buddhas to purify oneself before expression Yeshua suru which means to entering the temple rituals like this a part of join one's hands in prayer hiya Dave kike daily life the Sea of Japan borders the north historic and as you can see the roof is made coast of chubu Kanazawa on the coast is of thatch weary thatch the roofs every 30 to the major city it was once the fourth largest 35 years we just finished researching this city of Japan but now with its half million house two weeks ago and as you can see it inhabitants it's no more than a small is impeccable anakata teeny very much in provincial city it's vitality however gives it a the region of Kansai Mount Koya at an prominent position the train station is a good altitude of 900 meters is covered by a forest example grass and Steel blend with in the 9th century the monk Kukai ascended traditional materials for tradition has a this mountain with a handful of followers strong presence here the entrance to the they went on to create one of the major station evokes a torii the traditional Shinto centers of Japanese Buddhism here gateway that marks the entrance to a Buddhism was introduced into Japan from sacred place clean lines minimalist decor Korea in the middle of the 6th century it is but that doesn't mean the station is cold and composed of different sects like the Shingen impersonal the Train is part of Japanese School founded in Korea in the Buddhist culture as is contemporary art which has its tradition the term sect doesn't have the own Museum here in Kanazawa the 21st pejorative sense it often does in the West it century Museum of Contemporary Art is simply a branch of Buddhism which arose opened in 2004 the visitors are charmed by for spiritual or political reasons the rituals its light and the playful quality of the works may vary but they all follow the teachings of the man who measures the clouds by Yin Buddha the kongobuji temple is the official Farber is a fitting symbol for the museum headquarters of Shingen Buddhism the where does play end and where does art building in the center is called the Oh begin with works that are as recreational as Kadena it was placed in such a way that the they are creative the spectator becomes two dragons facing each other represented actor he becomes part of the work of art in by those stones we protect [Applause] the swimming pool a work by the Argentine Buddha is honored through the coma fire Leandro Arish the illusion is perfect the ritual in which our effli passions and desires explanation is to be found underwater the are symbolically consumed the monks Train is part of daily life for most Japanese and in certain sushi restaurants it's the refinement have of course their price this is Shinkansen itself that serves you your meal the most expensive fountain pen in Japan it quick service guaranteed a touchscreen to costs 15 million 15 million yen around order and the meal is delivered in a few 100,000 euros here in the Higashi district seconds when it's time to pay the bill just to aligned with former Geisha houses the count up the plates the color indicates the young women like to stroll around in the price of each dish the Oh mature market traditional costume I live in Kanazawa and has been serving the inhabitants of my friend here is visiting we're wearing the Kanazawa in seafood ever since it was kimono to have pleasant memories a founded at the beginning of the 18th century Geisha House a Chaya is traditionally a CE rate is a great favorite in addition to fish two-story dwelling built of wood some of the connoisseurs can find a wide variety of them here are still inhabited by geishas the vegetables and spices like this root of a Geisha is a highly trained hostess who plant that comes from Asia ginger going thanks to her culture knows how to enliven from one stand to the next you can feast the dinner party and make conversation with your eyes and delight your taste buds the the guests her makeup and costume follow kanazawa castle belonged to the Maeda very strict rules the Michael are the clan from the late 16th century on roofed apprentice geishas their training which is with its distinctive whitish LED tiles it's a quite extensive takes several years in any very elegant fortress it was destroyed by fire case we teach them everything then they'll several times after it had resisted a number choose the discipline that best suits them as of sieges thanks to its perfectly assembled there are very few Maiko nowadays they walls in the middle of the 19th century a almost all have several specialties the noto lord of the Maeder clan had thus Ison kakou peninsula thrusts northward into the Sea of villa built for his mother the villa now houses Japan the long stretches of sandy beach a collection of dolls that are supposed to that line the coast are havens of peace and keep children safe from evil spirits in the quiet or maybe not for the sand here has a garden the tea ceremony would take place particularity when it's wet it packs down so by lantern light in the kenrokuen garden densely that it's as hard as concrete and man admires nature gives it support and motor vehicles are allowed to make the protects it the garden was designed by most of this phenomenon this is the only another Lord of the 17th century the garden beach where you can drive a car we call a possesses the six attributes that make a cheery hammer beach in other spots the perfect Japanese garden panoramic views coast is not as accessible at notto Kongo spaciousness artificiality antiquity seclusion the jagged volcanic rock is continually and of course an abundance of water here changing shape due to erosion from the sea before the oldest fountain in Japan one can whether they're spectacular or subtle savor the simple beauty of nature nature's displays never leave the Japanese nagamachi is the district where the samurai indifferent they respect them and enjoy a warrior caste used to live it is now an them as a pageant a gift from the heavens active center for the decorative arts and in the patchwork of farmlands resembles a particular one of Kanazawa specialities Miki Zen garden to achieve natural harmony the decoration of objects with lacquer and there are no straight lines in a Zen garden precious metals my Keith are you mano and if one places a stone to evoke a wha we used the lacquer like a glue along mountain one must be sure that nature with gold dust silver or platinum Qing Dao could have done exactly the same to the toka patina in that all when the object is west of Honshu in the region of Chugoku a dried we apply another coat of lacquer we certain city made a brutal entry into the brush off the remaining dust we polish and pages of history hiroshima on the morning that's the process we follow for the of August the 6th 1945 the sky was clear Makemake tenacity objects of such over the city the American bomber dropped the atomic bomb from an altitude of 9,500 nightlife Friday after work is the time for meters it exploded directly over the Institute colleagues to get together and celebrate the of industrial development the only building end of the week with a drink or two the port left standing they've kept it in that state as a of Hiroshima is both wide open on to the testimony and they renamed it the atomic Pacific Ocean and well sheltered the koresh bomb dome the Americans had chosen shipyards to the south of the city give an other cities as possible targets but on the idea of japan's maritime power barely 10 tragic day they were overcast with clouds years after the end of the Second World the catastrophe took place at Hiroshima War Japan became the world's leading ship because the weather was fine here that builder and remained so for half a century morning now the youth of Japan are now Japan is in second place after South encouraged to visit the peace memorial Korea processing industries play a major park several monuments have been erected role in Japan's economy as the country has here like the children's peace monument very few natural resources Japan has to there are constant reminders and they import its raw materials before transforming explain why the fires from heaven struck a fact that the automobile industry has taken here this is a space entirely devoted to the to heart in 2007 Japan passed the United tragedy and shows the suffering that the States to become the world's number one country endured before it once again was at car maker a result that was made possible peace the Peace Memorial Museum shows thanks to the streamlining of production us the extent of the disaster there's a scale there are very few workers on the assembly model of the city as it was before the bomb lines because just about all the operations we see the dome in its original state before are automated the machine is there to serve the fatal hour the American president Harry man and man checks the machines work Truman launched the operation may need [Applause] certain car makers can turn out to put an end to a long drawn-out conflict as many as seven different models from the Hiroshima was an ideal target for it had same assembly line meanwhile the new never been bombed thus it would be easier prototypes are showing the way of tomorrow to evaluate the bombs destructive power for the automobile industry the design of most of the victims were burned and cars has radically changed over the last 40 radiation went on killing for years after the years the need to economize fuel has city is now resolutely turned towards the pushed designers to improve the streamline future but conserves the memory of its past the sharp edges have been smoothed out Hiroshima is proud of its tramway system it and the motors consume less Japan is the was created in the early 20th century and world's leading importer of seafood products was completely rebuilt after the atomic the country does have its own resources but explosion at the tramway Museum a few of they don't cover the demand there are a the venerable old timers are remarkably well good number of oyster farms off the island conserved spare parts are quite scarce but of miyajima in the corner of a Cove is the streetcars are all kept in working order nestled a sacred place signaled by the even though they are now retired streetcar characteristic torii gate it's a vast Shintoist number six five one experienced the bond it shrine built on piles the entire island of was restored and even if it does rock a bit it miyajima is considered a divinity which is can still hold its own against 's streetcars in why it is forbidden to bother the deer that the late 16th century the head of the most roam freely on the island some tourists want powerful clam decided to build a castle in to Ameri lies their visit to the island with the the city later the castle was torn down local celebrity if possible the deer needs a except for its four-story heap which was little coaxing but the pigeon is more leveled by the blasts from the atomic bomb cooperative fortunately the photographer and then rebuilt about ten years later the has the last word at low tide you can walk kinzig a district is the place to go for lively out to the huge torii the Shintoists venerate the spirits that call me in Japanese the sea are grouped around a single entrance for in the sand the wind the seaweed all have a the old system property taxes were divine soul but that doesn't mean you can't calculated not according to the building's gather shellfish according to the legend a surface area but according to the width of horse offered to the temple turns white after the facade traditional neighborhood five years with his black cap and his white traditional encounters my name is aya robe the Shinto priest officiates in a religion Kyoto is home to a good number of temples that has no founder no dogma and no the curved roof is one of the characteristics Commandments the total pagoda is built in of traditional Japanese architecture both the Japanese style but it has Indian and religious and secular the form can be simple Chinese features the Chinese influence can or more elaborate Kyoto's most famous also be felt in the ritual Shinto music and temple is the kinkakuji it's known as the extremely refined music played at the golden pavilion for it is covered in gold leaf imperial court [Applause] to the east of built at the end of the 14th century it was Hiroshima lies the island of no Sima a originally the home of a general a Shogun a traditional Lantern marks the entrance to the monk burnt it down because he couldn't port in just a few years the island has made bear its beauty the temple is surrounded by quite a name for itself and yet the a garden laid out by a Zen Buddhist monk architecture of the houses is nothing special where there is a stand of giant bamboos the life on the island changed the day a gardener's tried to outdo each other in publisher launched several ambitious creativity when they designed the projects for the Arts for example the art surroundings of the temples to reach some house project gave certain artists the of the temples one must take the path of opportunity of turning an ordinary building philosophy which winds through the into a work of art the creator wanted the undergrowth it's called that because the project to integrate art into nature the monks would come here to meditate an concept of blending art and nature is quite imposing torii rises up near the heian jingu Zen how to blend nature with concrete how shrine the building is a smaller copy of the to give life to raw concrete the Japanese first Imperial Palace which used to be on architect Tadao Ando managed to meet this this site Kyoto's first emperor reigned at the challenge he designed a building that is end of the 8th century and the city remained both hotel and showcase for Contemporary the capital of Japan until the 19th century Art outside the beings conjured up by Niki the Emperor Kang mu had Kyoto laid out in dis a foul set the tone for works of art that a grid pattern with wide avenues after the have sprouted up everywhere in the model of the Chinese capitals in the Old grounds art and color transform nature and Quarter of Gihon the names of the streets even the scarecrows become works of art are embedded in the sidewalks many the museum is tucked away on top of a hill women wear kimonos in Kyoto it's a way of with works by Giacometti and Cesare showing their attachment to the traditions exposed side by side the artists play with and one of those traditions is the tea vision and illusion painting or landscape ceremony which has its origins in Zen wall or painting the museum is a work of art Buddhism the stimulants in the tea allowed in itself and when work of art waves in the the monks to stay awake and meditate wind the union with nature is total in the longer first one has a piece of pastry for the heart of the Kansai region Kyoto was the tea is bitter and the guests must rotate the capital and religious center of the country bowl three times before drinking the for more than 1,000 years the patrimony is importance of tea for the Japanese it's part remarkably well preserved for the city was of our daily life like our meals in Japan the spared the bombings of the Second World boundary between one religion and another War in the old quarters the houses are is not very strict a person may be born made of the traditional wood several houses Shintoist and die Buddhist the rituals of the two religions can even mix they buy incense assembles in front of the Emperor's Palace sticks to purify themselves the gestures are the different periods take their places for the the same as if one were washing with water grand parade that is the highlight of the Zen Buddhism is based on meditation and festival a few beauty queens from abroad the Zen garden is the ideal atmosphere for it give the event an international touch and the tenets of Zen Buddhism are surprisingly the Japanese always look up to tall people modern so on the roof of the Kyoto train normally blonde hair is extremely rare in station we find a Zen space placed above a Japan but there can be the odd exception buzzing hive of activity the building was the the festival also offers a complete panorama subject of heated controversy when it was of hats and head pieces according to the first opened how to reconcile tradition and age the social standing the profession the progress a question that the city was region and the period but neither the exotic already asking itself in 1964 when it decided headpiece nor the hat nor the Kippy can to build this futuristic metallic tower the compare to the helmet of the samurai in full Japanese have learned that to keep control dress reinforce protection but easy on the of the future it is important not to neglect a feet the parade gets underway and it's the human dimension a martial art practiced by history of Japan passing in review in the women cured or traditional Japanese Western tradition man seeks to impose his archery which demands a good deal of self- will on the forces of nature according to the control away from the society of that Japan religious beliefs and aesthetic values in because in the Tattaglia be depended so Japan man's life should be in harmony with they most of the people are very strong nature through different means interior under the pleasure they like to be away decoration music the tea ceremony and the from them to plaster kudo and they like they garden man achieves awareness of his are able to look at themselves are the place in the natural elements this is the human beings judo which comes from message of the philosophy called Zen. China uses a bow more than 2 meters long it is painstakingly assembled from strips of bamboo bamboo is the ideal material for the bow but it is very sensitive not your ordinary material the bumble is very special material for ours I think with another point of view they think sometimes the bamboo is a kind of the world but for art for art that need people the bamboo is very special kind of a material that's why for our point of view bamboo is bamboo it's not kind of wood judo is a Zen discipline because it also teaches self-awareness placement breathing concentration they say that the target is hit even before the arrow is released here they're getting ready for the GED Matsuri one of the three most important festivals of Kyoto it has been taking place every autumn since 1895 the once you begin to travel the road will always event was founded to commemorate the call you it leads from home to the world full 1,100 anniversary of the founding of Kyoto of charm and mystery according to medieval as Japan's Imperial Capital it's also called sources from Chinese Arabian person and the festival of Ages the participants don other writers of the pre-islamic period that is costumes from different periods going back after the eighth and ninth century AD in the to the eighth century the procession territory occupied by the modern states of Saudi onna present-day Pakistan spread to Central Asia Tang Gaston Tajikistan China in the 1st century in the fourth century Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan the Buddhism and had reached Japan by the second which was the official religion of the Kushan quarter of the sixth century during the period Empire had been widely adopted this of flowering the Kushan Empire was a observations have since been confirmed by centralised state of reach ethnic and cultural interesting archaeological research began in diversity this era was a monk by highly the 1920s and 1930s by Soviet scientists developed agriculture craft financial here almost all of the moon estates in interaction material and artistic cultures as Pakistan and Tajikistan in particular well the growth of towns and settlements archaeological excavations have uncovered was veteran trade connections along the ancient Buddhist buildings in a form of Great Silk Road I happened to visit the temples monasteries as stupas as well as super Honda region of space Eastern and a raw paintings sculptures and humors jig is done and so I present to you the fragmentary remains it is worth noting that unique heritage of Buddhism in this part of in the territory of Sultan's Beckett them and Central Asia this represents only a small the Sahand area area in particular where aspect of the great heritage of these states the treat Buddha's heritage the unique Nasr Honda region is located in the south of archaeological research carried out by us Pakistan on the right bank of the Natalia Uzbek scientists together with other River Buddhism was widely adopted in this scientists from Japan Russia Germany and area and in the OCD of thermos in particular elsewhere actively continuous the thermos which according to the ancient contribution to the science and the history of sources was known as tar Mita during the Uzbekistan made by Professor Carter from kushan empire was actually a buddhist city Japan the academician of palasa professor this can be explained by the location of of the dive and many others has without termas at the crossing point of the amudha doubt been invaluable Buddhism in Central la riva were it occupied the geographical Asia had been known since the times of junction of caravan routes connecting north great ruler Ashoka in the 3rd century BC and south east and west as a result of this and it had become established in Central thermos became highly developed center of Asia by the 1st century BC and the spiritual culture and the arts owing to the beginning of the Common Era there was a active cooperation and mutual enrichment marked blossoming of Buddhism during the of the local culture with that of India and the great Kushan Empire in the 1st 3rd moment as well as that of the Iranian and centuries of the Common Era which greco-roman world well now let's acquaint reached its peak during the reign of the ourselves with the unique monuments of Emperor Kanishka this period has been passion antic period of Central Asia which referred to as a second Golden Age of bear facts and evidences breeders and booties the great Kushan Empire was assumptions wisdom and mystery from the composed of northern Bactria the south of deaths of history as don't get violent force of present-day Pakistan and Tajikistan and the unknown English writer it is not almost the entire territory of modern acceptable that clock and calendar Afghanistan along with northern parts of overshadow the fact that every moment of Pakistan and India the spread of Buddhism life is miracle and mystery now standing from India to Central Asia was facilitated by discovery of ancient buddhist monument in the trade route that connect these countries the territory of Sahand area made in 20th at the same time it should be noted that by century was sensational and unique and virtue of sogdia and bactria merchants and has certainly made a huge contribution to more special missionaries and preachers the world history and culture Ayrton the first the philosophical and religious teachings of boot is object on the territory of Uzbekistan the Mahayana from the territory of Bactria in was discovered quite accidentally in 1932 when a Buddha card named Ivan Reis loaf eastern section and replicas of them are was sailing on their mother a river and so a displayed in the State Museum of history of wide slab near the shore it was retrieved Uzbekistan in Tashkent dowsers in the park from the bottom of the river and taken to 110 kilometers to the north east of thermos thermos in the end it turned out to be one of me the city of Shuchi so the discovery of the famous air temps to have a white another great archeological monument of limestone dating from the 1st or 2nd century the crucial state the ancient settlement of AD it depicts a man with a double-sided the others in the park surprisingly it was Indian drum a woman resolute and a also discovered accidentally in the early woman with a heart and man a countess spring of 1967 olavo bulldozer driver found lives in the years that followed a survey of chunks of plaster sculptures he reported the area and its archaeological sites what he had fun to the museum at your produced seven slabs showing images of mess although as was very concisely and two musicians with flute and symbols as wisely set by the psychologists reindeer in well as figures carrying floral Garland's it is the perfect universe there are no accidents supposed that this left to the form of freezes so it is probable that the finding of pieces of which decorated the walls of the former plaster sculpture was not accidental monastery or which only means remain the archaeologists soon arrived at the scene alternation of boss and akanda sleeves is a and were simply shocked by the sight of characteristic feature of Hellenistic art which many fragments of ancient sculpture had been circulated in Bactria this freezes scattered over the huge area so began the are undoubtedly considered the best excavation that opened up many amazing examples of stone sculpture from the crucial archaeological sites that the ancient area scientists have expressed an settlement of the others in taipa occupies an assumption that the musician of the air town area of more than 36 hipsters and then fries are generating the five sacred sounds surrounded by a defensive wall with the of Buddhism which should fill the ears of length of 25 kilometers and with a thickness Buddha will divine harmony while the gift of up to 10 meters behind which was a big carriers ensure that his file journey is be moon in Davos at the pot two Buddhist spread west flowers the plot of the frieze complexes were found and one has to be apparently is associated with parinirvana located in the heart of the city in a supporter otaku the legend of the great death sanctuary dated to the first third centuries according to the legend at the time of the ad the century had a rectangular shape with departure of Buddha Gautama two-body a stupa in the center it was surrounded on nirvana is celestial spirits engage in funeral the three sides by buildings which were rites and flowers fell to the earth delvis of richly decorated with gypsum next sculpture heaven rained lily flowers the music one of this is the remains of a large sounded in heaven next to this release was sculptural Buddha the most interesting found a local part of the stolen stellar sculpture found here was a head of a showing judging by the Hellenistic old as a cushion prince ready to the second century man and a woman the back to an inscription AD the features of his face are noble and carved on the pedestal refers to the aristocratic and his hat his haiku shaped construction and repair of mali saw that is a headdress was flocks which may have been citadel and the temple of baccala go in it tapped with golden disks the organ mastery nowadays unfortunately these monuments is dated to the second third stage we 18 a or rather the ruins of the buddhist complex wash number of clay plaster sculptures is have not survived at this Waterside word a reputed in the hairstyle were also found stratagem French bridge was built across during excavations here let's include large their muderer river to the Afghan shore at studies of Buddha what he thought was high return all eight or the famous air times noble men and women and was are the are now exhibited at the Hermitage in the buddhist characters elements of a gong hara culture are also present in the Buddhism into the selves of Central Asia architectural details added faces of columns and the features of its development in this Icarus leaves in the fault of the courtesan region they have also allowed analysis of sculptural characters and in 1972 a very patron cultural products with Buddhist art important event occurred during the dollars centers in particular with the Kihara school into part excavations the discovery of all of this has made it possible to define the golden treasure in the household was a role of dermis in the further spread of citizen wedding a total of 36 kilograms the Buddhism to the Western than eastern treasure comprised Juvenal gold silver and areas of China the huge complex consists precious stones as well as a chess piece of cells for monks rooms for ceremonial there archaeological excavations and prizes rituals and an assembly hall the largest part discovers relating to India deist and of the complex is an immersed Monastery of Hellenistic cultures such as the day was a erotic balm which really impresses with its city and the city of Davos and the bath was size in the middle of the carpet there is a once the capital of the kushan empire and monumental stupa the basement which has that the Great Silk Road passed through the survived the corners of the stupa are strictly sea excavations help them conducted here aligned for the four cardinal points in the for over 40 years yet there are still many center of the monastic part of the complex is unexcavated moles over the west side and a huge square yard there are cones of lush many secrets still buried underground size made of white limestone which give a Kurata bomb in the territory of alter masked direct indication of the monumental size of on the right bank of a nude area there Rises the former building this country yard was a three-headed hill which the locals call surrounded on all sides by high corridor Curitiba meaning black Hill the words of the beyond which were monastic cells the inner great philosopher Albert Anna could be temple country yard we have bathed with addressed to the uniquely mysterious hero brake steps according to archaeologists the of Curitiba did not you disappearing by the cave complex of Curitiba consists of cells time became the sacred and between the and three tiers upon entering the cells stone secret to reveal the past Kurata pan is a steps led down under the prison door which monumental Buddhist call center of concave had a diameter of about five meters in dark dating from 1st 3rd century 18 it underground rooms archaeologists found consists of several temple monastery fragments of stairs of Buddha and complexes as well as a gift site located in Bodhisattvas figures of birds and animals the hills and land-based buildings the and paintings amongst which there is one of temple complex at Curitiba is one of the the most ancient pictorial images of Buddha most ancient surviving Buddhist ki surrounded by members now also monasteries among all of the Buddhist sites sculptures of Donner's delayed it and in Central Asia karate Park you passed a Bodhisattvas the self-contained reserved special place because it is the only Buddhist wheels minted during the reign of Kanishka Monument which along those land based one and the Sassanid rulers the karateka buildings has a cave complex it is complex consisted of not only monasteries functionally different from other monastery but several stupas and hosts of the harem complexes as indicated by the sophisticated which served as shelters for the numerous composition of the buildings and their large pilgrims the Magnificent sculptures and fine size it became much richer than other architectural details were executed by the Buddhist style as revealed by the crucial and bactria artistics within the walls abundance and variety of sculptures and a of the buildings there were niches of big repeat findings there are various different size for placing sculpture over the inscription on clay stone sculpture clear last decade studies of this site have been these artifacts has revealed details of the maintained jointly by Uzbek and Japanese time scale relating to the spread of archaeologists many more interesting and mysterious discovers await us ahead fire crucial team Kanishka was depicted in the stepa we can dedicate the wonderful words center the walls of the sanctuary also show of the great Uzbek writer Ali shared memory images of Buddha donut Rises and to the gorgeous monuments of Buddhist Alexander the Great there are also many context and fire stepa which after sculptures of Buddha and Bodhisattvas restoration and conservation has found a made from a mix of clay gypsum and white new and glorious life as morning sprinkles limestone in this context the unique value of handfuls of silver you pour rays of sunshine fire Stefan is a perfectly preserved Wyatt for the good of all laughing as morning his limestone sculpture depicting Buddha under theory circling the Sun you burn for this the separate Bodhi tree with tumors the remarkable buddhist complex dating from sculpture is called a triad it is now displayed the second century d is located one in the State Museum of history of kilometer to the north of curitiba it was Uzbekistan in Tashkent this representation discovered in 1968 and excavations were of aruthor gives rise to endless admiration conducted in 1970s in 2000 under the but it's come dignity and sense of spiritual protection of unesco with financial support enlightenment in my experience it exerts a from the japanese cultural foundation powerful energy force as you don't want to restoration and preservation began it leave it a sense of wonder is also inspired appears in a new and elegant form and by the well-preserved clay sculpture of a bright light under the Sun the buildings of standing what he sat on the right hand is fire stupa have a rectangular form with the raised on the ball is a depiction of the bill of length of 170 meters and a width of 34 life and on the fingertips Gamaliel a symbol meters the complex is composed of three of life light and goodness the priceless sections including a utility room for the archeological findings that fire stickball are monks and pilgrims the main monastery executed in the sculptural style of the cantar situated in the center in a section in which school combined with great buddhist art a the mung cells and altar we're located the genetic part that gesture a genetic part was stupa was located in the northern part of the discovered in 1947 it is located in the valley context the central part of the monastery over your walk in the south of modern has a rectangular country yard with a tajikistan where it merged with Spanish Riva colonnade on the extension stone bases and gives rise to the great amudha our Eva around the perimeter of the yard there are the word a Janata means Devil's hill this is 20 rooms with access to the Ivan in the one of the most famous Buddhist utility area the kitchen's remained there are monasteries in Central Asia it was built in still far places for cooking and a remnant of the 7th century and was unfortunately thunder ovens for baking bread perfectly destroyed by the Arabs in the 8th century carried out restoration work provides good the Reza's believe that having destroyed preservation of the surviving walls on the the temple the Arabs in particular called us one hand and the ability to see the original plays The Devil's Hill so that nobody would ancient walls composed of mud bricks on visit the shrine however people continued to the other next to the monastery with a huge go and worship that is George Ryan to pop over which Adam has been built for secretly excavations revealed that building his preservation there is a space between was divided into two parts and that each of the dome and the stupa so for those wishing them had a different function there was a to examine the original stupa it's possible to monastery where the monks lived and the get inside move around and touch the stupa sanctuary in the center of the partly the wards of the icon and sanctuaries were preserved temple complex judging by the reached and paintings some of which have perimeter of the base was situated a huge survived one of the century was shows the tuba at the center of each of the four sides figures of nine men of which only the lower is a flight of steps the upper part of the part remains experts such as that that dome had been destroyed the monastery was richly decorated with wall paintings as well as large and small sculptures statues and sculptures of Buddha Bodhisattvas degraded and various dailies were made primarily of painted clay and stool the unique and priceless relic of the Buddhist complex of a janet appau is a giant statue of the reclining buddha in nirvana from the Jataka tales and legends of the life of Gautama Buddha he anticipating going to' students now accomplishing my way I will go to Nirvana and you will follow the Great Wall it is your greatest trends when it is with you you are protected she lies on his right side as if in a blissful sleep the right arm is bent at the elbow and he is resting on a pillow the left arm is extended along the the three teachings what are the forces that body and the bomb rests on the hip the shaped Chinese society how to china view sculpture is made of clay is total lengths itself and others in the ancient world to acertain meters the hate and two and eighty better understand what you see in china it's five meters and it weights about five tones useful to know about the country's three removing the Buddha in Nirvana proves to historic schools of thought Confucianism be very difficult but scientists and Taoism and Buddhism these three archaeologists found a way to do that the teachings are the bedrock of China's statue was divided into large pieces fixed ancient culture and together explain much and so it was able to be transferred to the about what you'll see in that country one restoration laboratory at the Institute of way to remember the difference between history in Dushanbe in 2001 following these three teachings is that Confucianism completion of the building of the National is mainly concerned with political ideas in Museum of Antiquities of Tajikistan the social harmony Taoism is mainly concerned restored culture of Buddha in Nirvana was about the health of the human body and moved to the museum the only nirvana is an Buddhism is primarily concerned about eternal rest this is call of the storm and soon psychology and the nature of the mind only part of our journey into the ancient and although this oversimplifies these three mysterious world of Buddhism and Central philosophies it does provide a good starting Asia draws to an end there are still many point each of these teachings also interesting mysterious and exciting emphasized the opposite of its main focus developments to come from the history and by this I mean that Confucianism promoted culture of this richly blessed land I would social harmony by teaching about self really like to finish this wonderful journey cultivation Taoism taught about health by into the past were the wise teaching of all emphasizing harmony with the natural time by looking back in time you will look to environment and Buddhism taught about the future by touching the steward fill the mind by contrasting it with the material worms of the Sun by sensing yourself in the world of things and forms therefore a universe you will see a universe in yourself complete picture of each teaching must in the change of day and night and the include a balanced view of these opposite rhythm of spring and autumn used and ideas this view of life where the play of maturity will touch the order and meaning of opposites is fundamental is symbolized by nature. the Taiji which we also call the yin-yang symbol this symbol comes from China's Taoist religion but is found in all traditional Chinese schools of thought another idea influence in East Asia down to modern common to each of the three teachings was times one aspect of this outlook is that the the concept of the Dow which means the elderly are highly respected due to their way or path although the Dow is naturally experience and wisdom Confucius believed associated with Taoism the idea of living that the best way to teach was to provide a your life in accordance with a great natural virtuous example for others to see and way is common to all three teachings let's aspire to this was especially true of the king first take a look at Confucianism which is Confucius said a proper ruler was like the based on the teachings of the social North Star sitting in motionless virtue while philosopher Confucius who lived around others rotate around him in perfect order the 500 BC Confucius lived in Shandong Chinese expression will way which means Province in a city now called Chi foo many non-action expresses this idea it is another memorial halls and buildings marked a spot idea found in all three of China's teachings where Confucius lived this place called the and basic to traditional Chinese philosophy apricot Terrace is where Confucius taught when you visit the Forbidden City you can his disciples his philosophy behind it a see a sign that says wool way over the Great Hall with magnificent columns stands throne in the palace building called the Hall to commemorate him tradition says that of Union although Confucianism dominated when the Emperor would come to pay traditional Chinese political thought it was respects to Confucius as memory the once seriously attacked a Qin Shihuang the columns would be covered so that the emperor of the Qin Dynasty persecuted Emperor would not see that they were Confucianism he burned all Confucian superior to the ones at his own Imperial books however a few survived hidden in this Palace inside the hall itself the decor is fairly wall that Confucius's old home and chiefly subdued this accords with Confucian ideas the wall remains as a popular tourist site of modesty and scholarly dignity and is Confucius's family cemetery at least 2,500 repeated in Confucian temples throughout years old is in a green woods near his home China as we said Confucianism was hundreds of Confucius's family descendants concerned with society and social relations are buried in this great green forest the size thus Confucius's idea of the way and grandeur of this vast family cemetery emphasized social harmony he prescribed exposes a tradition that still weighs heavily that everyone must assume their rightful on China Confucius's own grave sits amidst place in society according to their ability the greenery a potent symbol of 2500 years Confucianism recognized that ability cuts of Chinese political tradition now buried across social divisions and classes this led while Confucianism emphasized education to the development of an examination and social relationships Taoism China's system where theoretically anyone with main native religion emphasized health and great ability could obtain a high position in harmony with the environment only such a government these examinations were a life according to Daoists can bring genuine regular event those who scored the highest happiness and longevity the great way of were received by the Emperor himself then nature shown in Chinese shun Shui or like now some exam takers hired others to landscape paintings is the natural course of take the exam for them this old drawing life and not living in harmony with nature shows the punishment meted out to some of was thought to be the cause of disease and these cheaters Confucianism relegated misery but while Taoism on one level was a women to secondary status and was a nature honouring philosophy it was also a feudal system but its emphasis on self- religion of many deities and supernatural improvement and advancement through beliefs taoist sought long life by eating and education and scholarship was for its age a drinking special foods and potions Taoist progressive trend confucius emphasized alchemists searching for these tonics of hierarchy and rank and this has had a great immortality sometimes made interesting and useful discoveries the stylism is closely BC about the same time as Confucius and connected with the development of lotsa as many teachings were written in traditional Chinese medicine lotsa often scriptures that are called sutras some of regarded as the founder of Taoism retired these Buddhist sutras started arriving in from the dusty world he left his job and China during the first century coming travelled west riding an ox he crossed the overland along the Silk Road and arriving in country's border at a place called Hangu lo young and other places according to pass there a border guard begged him to legend a white horse carried these convey his wisdom before he departed scriptures to China a Han Dynasty Emperor tradition says Lauda then wrote the established the white horse temple near daodejing bequeathing it to the border luang which is the place regarded as the guard and thus the world the opening starting point for Buddhism in China the phrases of the daodejing are among the Buddha taught that life is characterized by most quoted passages of Chinese suffering which arises from people's greed philosophy they say the way that can be hatred and delusion 'he's the buddha gained spoken of is not the timeless way the names enlightenment which can be thought to be of what can be named are not the timeless an insight into the true nature of life and the name for the way is the nameless origin of mind buddhism teaches that this heaven and earth and the mother of all enlightenment liberated buddha from the things with names Hangu pass where this delusions and false beliefs that afflict was written is a popular tourist site where mankind thus he sits in tranquil repose old stone memorials quiet halls and lovely unruffled by the chaotic world the world the gardens commemorate louses meeting with Chinese call the red dust like taoism the border guard Taoism is pantheon is buddhism evolved from a system of rather populated with a huge assortment of gods simple and attractive understandings to be from supreme deities such as the Jade an elaborate religion of supernatural beliefs Emperor and the three celestial were these deities and practices this was partly down to humble household gods that guard because Buddhism was everywhere mixed the hearth and the gate among them are into local cultures and religions that had gods for every type of activity and their own gods this was true in China as profession the eight immortals are among well as in other Asian countries countering the most famous figures of Taoist myth they this trend the Zen school of Buddhism maintained their immortality by joining the developed in China around the 6th century it three stars at a birthday party for another based its teachings on certain sutras that old Taoist a'ti known as the Queen Mother emphasize that Buddha's enlightenment of the West Dallas lore says that at this came from clearly understanding the true event which occurs every 3,000 years these nature of the human mind the founder of happy spirits eat the golden peaches of this Zen school in China is said to be an immortality and perhaps a few of China's Indian Buddhist monk named Bodhi Dharma varied long life mushrooms such he travelled from India to China by ship mushrooms are a favorite delicacy of Taoist around 500 AD arriving in what is now the immortals here is a variety sold on the city of Guangzhou he is said to have built a slopes of China's sacred Buddhist mountain hermitage at while in temple shown here mount ma Buddhism the third of China's nearby his old well remains beside a Market traditional teachings is not native to China Street Bodhidharma famous teaching was but was imported from India Buddha's home to point directly at the human mind see its about two thousand years ago its influence true nature and instantly gain enlightenment in China is only slightly less than that of and Buddhahood an important aspect of Taoism in China most temples you will see Zen is meditation for years following Bodhi are Buddhists the historical Buddha of India Dharma generations of Zen teachers spread named Shakyamuni also lived around 500 throughout China and taught the teaching that mind is Buddha a typical example of as practicing Buddhists and the number of Zen teachings came from master Huang Bo persons who follow the religion and some who said all the Buddha's and all beings are less open way is much larger monasteries just one mind there isn't anything else this where young men can live and practice mind is beginningless and has never been traditional Buddhist lifestyles are once again subject to birth and death it has no common in China as Chinese society characteristics and has no shape or form it transforms its appearance into something is just what has always manifested just this ever more like those at Western countries it mind is Buddha other types of Buddhism is easy to forget the deep and ancient also developed and spread in China almost cultural currents below the surface of its as prominent as Zen was the Pure Land modern cities and expanding economy like school a type of Buddhism that councils its the West China must find a proper balance believers to attain salvation by chanting the between its new lifestyle and its traditional name of Amida Buddha according to this identity one that honors its formative sect Amita Buddha awaits his believers in a traditions but displays its new personality in Western paradise or Western heaven where the future China will grow not only as an those who chant his name will be reborn economic power but as a contributor to the after their death statues of Amita Buddha world's cultural heritage the three teachings are often seen standing in this pose where of traditional China are a major part of this he has shown greeting and welcoming his rich legacy. believers into his paradise another type of Buddhism known as tantric or esoteric Buddhism is the traditional religion of Tibet and Mongolia although Tibetan Buddhism includes a wide assortment of beliefs gods and practices its fundamental teachings remain the same as those of the historical Buddha and of Zen Buddhism paintings of Buddhist gods surrounded by their devotees come from this tantric tradition the legendary founder of Tibetan Buddhism Padma Sam bhava is a common figure in Chinese gift stores and markets looking at the three traditional teachings of China what can we see Confucianism continues to influence the Chinese family system and to some degree the traditional Chinese respect for authority and the aged Confucian temples have reopened in recent years when you study Buddhism thoroughly you following the tumult of the Cultural realize that Buddhism go beyond this Revolution but are now dedicated mainly to gender issue you know enlightenment as a soft-spoken support of study and old everyone is for everyone and because of scholarly traditions Taoism has also made a that the Buddha allowed women to be comeback in Beijing and other cities Taoist ordained because women can also be temples have reopened and are sites of enlightened I see this kind of colonial you Taoist worship however that religion has know white man's burden kind of you find regained only a small part of its past you know where where the where the prominence of the three teachings Westerners we've got it all sort of that we've Buddhism has experienced the biggest and got to drag these validations into the 21st most obvious resurgence up to 30 million century I can't live my life right upstanding Chinese now formally identify themselves the truth that I know and speaking about Buddhist culture for women to be ordained that [Laughter] [Applause] I was brought and when the Buddha set up the Sangha up Buddhist when I was a child my parents community of monks and women the only had built a bush temple and invited a Thai problem is that in Thailand we don't have monk to stay with us he taught us in the the female Order the two major schools of Thai forest tradition which aims to live by Buddhism are Mahayana and Theravada in the Buddha's teachings given 2500 years Mahayana countries such as China Korea ago I returned to the Buddhist teachings as and Vietnam the bikuni lineage is still strong an adult in search of a spiritual path I found although the bhikkhunis there must still one particular teaching of the Buddha a very defer to monks but in tera vaada countries powerful the teaching of not-self meaning such as Cambodia Sri Lanka and Thailand we are not defined by characteristics such the bikini lineage died out almost a as body mind gender or ethnicity I assumed thousand years ago traditionalists do not I had the option to be ordained as a believe it can or should be revived they bhikkhuni or female monk in the Thai forest argue that new bikinis can't be ordained tradition but I soon discovered this shocking because ordination requires a quorum of truth no matter how committed I was or how both bhikkhus and bhikkhunis and without much my practice advanced I would never the tera vaada bikini lineage a quorum be granted this right the Buddha who taught cannot be achieved in Thailand Buddhist equality would surely be surprised by this nuns known as may she wear white robes 2500 years ago he made the radical rather than the orange robes of the bikini decision to ordain both men and women at these nuns can only practice eight precepts the time women couldn't be ordained in any or training guidelines the same as any spiritual discipline he called the ordained layperson can while the novice monk men bhikkhus and the ordained women practices ten precepts and is generally more bikinis and gave them both a code of supported in the training in Thailand there conduct called the Vinaya the buddha was no role for for ordering women so they established a four-fold sangha or shave their head which looks like one nasty community which included bhikkhus but they are not allowed to put under robes bhikkhunis laymen and laywomen but in the because they are not being given the the monastic practice of Buddhism I discovered ordination procedure therefore they just put discrimination and inequality based on on white robe as a kind of renunciant you gender what happened how and why did the know just just an expression of a whom a role of women in Buddhism change so homeless lifestyle the man she was not in drastically in Thailand I met bikuni Dom the Buddhist days you know but because Ananda who has founded a women's we don't have all the ordination for women monastery to revive the female order so these women wanting wanting to have despite opposition from the Thai authorities this religious lifestyle but the path is not they say it is wrong for women to wear made for them properly some of the orange robes as it is seen to be independent man she's has tried to set up impersonating monks we know that this is their own center you know and a nunnery responsibility given to us by the Buddha and that they can be apart from the monks so and even the monks do not have right to that they don't have to be simply serving the take away this responsibly which which is month only so they wanted to express their actually handed down I see it as a heritage role in in monastic life another big difference a very special heritage that we are keeping between the mushy and the bikini is that the it the Thai jungle or the Thai community of bikini can carry out the ancient tradition of monks became one sided is simply because collecting food offerings from the local they had been like this for the last seven villagers which in turn brings the villagers hundred years so they could not think good merit but the maishy are not eligible otherwise you know in fact it is very much for this type of support to find out what the Thai Tsonga think about the couny just shaped by how it was done in Thailand ordination I visit one of the most senior we were here there to enable the monks Western monks of the Thai forest tradition journey in some ways that's a while they originally from England ajahn joyous ro has thought they'd like to take it a bit deeper been living in Thailand since 1978 we're all because that basically no one knew how agreed basically we want to be creating this thing work and on Donna's training structures and environments in which world all that happens the time model which women can practice the Dhamma in the nobody knew that thoroughly anyway and way the monks do or is a similar but and so they do basically these he's like cooking and in what particular form that could be and driving handing money into this nature pursued that everyone can can can live with they wanted to give that up so after a couple that the tera vaada tradition its identity has of years two or three years I mean waiting always been founded upon the to Tyler and talk to the Tigers about what conservativism and maintaining the tradition they could what could be done they said laid down by the first council of monks well he can take the ten precepts which following the death of the Buddha if the means giving up money and they'd also sort bhikkhuni option is is just pushed too much of become more like arms mendicants and then you're strengthened their more which we don't cook so they'd be out of the conservative factions in the Theravada kitchen this adapted form of ordination is sanga's and then and there'll be no real called the seal adhara although it is a small acceptance or harmony between the two step forward it limits nuns to being a novice groups in the long run the forest tradition with no option to advance as a bikuni there took root in the West in the 1970s bringing are things frustration and doubt not about with it the conservative attitudes and the practice not about the Dharma at all but hierarchies that exist in Thailand I visited gender gender so it's an ancient tradition the first western monastery of this tradition and a hallmark of it is its adherence to the in a small hamlet in rural England well the earliest teachings and practices and so when we first came there it was nothing was these come from a completely different time that formed you know things were completely different cultural context one in happening it was a very young community which I would never have liked to move there was a lot of energy a lot of ideas it myself as a woman and so here we are was very powerful in that way I think all of eastern half thousand years later with the us for our own different reasons felt for sure Thai cultural overlay everything that we we want to take this path as far as we can have has come to us through the generosity and that's that was the form was the you of supporters much of the support comes know to shave your head take presets but from local people but an awful lot also come on her own and start and that was very from Thais locally and overseas and there is much how we started they felt very radical that sense of well how do you honor that in a way just to cut our hair and then support and honor the cultural context to eventually shave it and to wear robes I felt which you find yourself without alienating very outside of my culture I felt okay about people this idea that it's all actually in one's that because I was very committed to the heart and you can realize the truth without Dharma practice increasingly I've began to having any conditions externally is is that's us as the men that come into the oil at the true on an ultimate level but in there in the same time as ourselves and were getting practical level what it does is it can be it can the the coordination as mendicants and be an opportunity for a disconnect with being seen as part of Sangha and I began what's really happening and using a kind of to realize we weren't actually seen as part language in order to not take appropriate of the Sangha we were seen as you know I action and responsibility for seeing that the mean I don't quite know how he was seen conditions are supportive and conducive for we were like an appendage I think we were awakening in the buddha's time bikinis took 311 rules which is 84 more than bhikkhus Hamburg on the role of women in Buddhism while the cellar-door are none officially this was in response to requests to open a takes only ten presets she in fact practices dialogue on this issue I thought it did regret many more and leads a similar life to a that isn't obvious that's all I could ever be bikini just like a big who she owns nothing since the Tibetan tradition it does not allow but her bowl and her robes relying it to take full ordination a few years later completely on the Buddhist supporters for when I went to Hong Kong for the big her food shelter and medicine for some Shirley ordination there was a tremendous women ten precepts are enough but there sense of fulfillment that finally I could be a are others who wish to follow the original part of his press precious monastic lineage path given by the Buddha it was in Sri stretching all the way back in an unbroken Lanka that the first tera vaada bikuni line of the Lord Buddha himself so why ordination took place in the 1980s paving should not be denied this deep monastic the way for more to come including that of satisfaction which the monks take for iesous dama who in 2003 was the first granted as their right I think I'm hundred american-born woman to become a tara percent sure if Buddha here certainly his he vada bikuni while my ordination was 2003 give us the permission the Bhutanese but I went to Sri Lanka because I wanted to visually ordination much easily it doesn't no serve be Cooney's I finally had the thought doubt but unfortunately now no more put the Who am I to want to become apocrine II hair so I don't know how to I cannot act as a would have never served Pekinese and this Buddha there's a clear your holiness opportunity for higher ordination or rows mahaparinirvana sutra when the Buddha while I was there there was something so was about to die he did give permission that different about the higher ordination for me minor rules if Sanka should decide go for one I truly had the entire livelihood of like ahead so you don't need to wait for the a beaker of a big honey in a way I hadn't future Buddha I was very thrilled that the had as a 10 preceptor I hear so much and conference happened it was a devastating so many people there's more and more conclusion I have to say cuz I felt what these days about how oppressive these happened when the door remained closed rules are how terrible they are they're not was it pushed it back on the women to have terrible they're not impressive this is our to almost prove themselves even more you ticket to freedom please stop trying to take it know it's like you you know felt for the nuns from me it's a whole livelihood it's a whole it's like well maybe you can come to dance of support between the lay people Dharamsala and practice and inspire people and the and the bhikkhus or bhikkhunis that as well who what do they have to do to have you just don't have with ten precepts either them but the goalpost moved really particularly with eight precepts addition you what do they have to do to be accepted get the whole the whole package of any after the conference some members of the based lifestyle and a respect from the Buddhist community in England took steps people that I actually hadn't known would be to prevent bikini ordination from taking place there there are many accusations that there I tried to speak with monks and nuns women just want to ordain to gain that involved but no one was willing to discuss respect you know you just want to puff what had happened meanwhile some yourself up that kind of thing it was so much progressive monks in Australia were more than that it was so deep for me I pushing for change the Sangha in number wanted to be the Buddhist child despite the what he and cheetah's were studying early attempts at reviving the tera vaada together what's called the five walls what bikuni order there remains great resistance they call I think the five points of clarification from many Buddhist traditions around the this came out as a direct response to the world in 2007 his Holiness the Dalai Lama opening of dialogue around bikini ordination initiated an international conference in it came out as a direct response to the Homburg conference on bikinis and underlying force which is driving it and it's essentially the five points of clarification say not just the the fact of the ordination as such that the nuns have to always walk behind I think it's generally generally agreed in the monks that they can't give Dhamma Thailand and Burma at least as with the talks while monks the present in the room heartland of tera vaada Buddhism that and even if they are invited to give a dumb a those ordinations are not valid by the talk in front of months when monks are Theravada understanding of what a present in the room that doesn't set a bhikkhuni ordination consists of or should precedence so that they can do it again in consist on if the leaders of the Sangha or the future and so on and so forth and a the official policy of the Thai Sangha is has whole bunch of rules like this and the last been decided on a particular issue then one is that the ten precept or donation individual monks or individual monasteries platform which the nuns are following in don't have the right so just unilaterally those communities does not form a stepping declared that they don't agree with that any stone to bikuni ordinations specifically more than they're going to follow their own formed to prevent and become an obstacle their own view so it's not so much a reason to bikuni ordination the nuns were asked to view based upon analysis of text as as the accept these rules and if they didn't accept idea that the strength and the continuity of it they were told that the monks would not the Sangha is based upon consensus our perform anymore other nations for them so greatest respect will be for the Dhamma effectively the future the community would vinaya and part of that states that every be throttled so the nuns were quite monastic community is independent we distraught at the both of the rules and also have to make our own resolutions no within the way that it was presented to them but the Vinaya at any monk or nun outside of eventually having no choice they decided to your community has no say this is the way accept them during this time a monastery of the Buddha established a community as the forest tradition in Western Australia autonomous for us the ordination was about decided to go the other way for the first time the women who wanted to become ordained in the forest traditions recent history a bikuni and it was about supporting them to live ordination of four women took place in their spiritual journey and to fulfill their October 2009 as you know internationally dreams and to support them to practice in the discussion about the peculiar donation accordance with the way that the Buddha was getting stronger and stronger and I is practice and from our point of view we were the spiritual director of the Buddhist society gathering together as inner Sangha in a way here in the committee we considered that that was prescribed and laid down very there was no reason to deny that in fact it clearly in the monastic discipline passed would be wrong to deny the legitimate down for the last two-and-a-half thousand aspirations of four women for the bhikkhuni years we performed the ceremonies in the ordination they had practiced well they exact same way in the exact same fulfilled every possible criteria and also in languages have been passed down for the the development of the research on the PQ last two-and-a-half thousand years and we new ordination became very clear to me were participating in that great kind of river and the other monks at the monastery at of community and tradition which which has serpentine that there was no legal obstacle flourished all across the Buddhist world for for that obviously we knew that people such a long time the ordination went ahead would talk about it and that some people without the approval of the Thai Sangha and wouldn't like it we had no idea of the the as a result the Western Australian scale and the swiftness and the energy of monastery was delisted the beacon is there the opposition to it it was immediately clear are not officially recognized within the Thai to me that there was you know again there forest tradition to me it was a very holy was some something else that there's some moment and actually after the ordination you truly feel there's a change in you can't around the tile position now small vicuna quite express it in words but in yourself you monasteries are popping up in thailand like feel that you're part of that very ancient this one i visited in the north the thai people tradition of that very ancient Pico and support them in the same way they support bhikkhunis Sangha and it's bad also at monks offering food land and resources times but you also feel the greater when it was a nun one or two years and responsibility of representing the bhikkhunis then I don't know that in the future I am a of representing the hope not only to yourself pickle tea I don't know I don't know how we to your other fellow monastics but also to have this place I don't know how we have the community at large if you are engulfed buildings many building many people come in a complete beautiful handed-down and I never know before but when it happened many times proven system of training so it's okay it's happened in the prison I'm just this is I think a great gift which doesn't take sorry that and then it's appeared and it's anything away from anyone and I think disappear so don't cling to it and don't cling women and all of us we have supported to the future Medicaid women come here monks for many many years and just by not only from the common office right the being able to have the same opportunity of laypeople from anywhere I think not only in training and actually I don't want any favors Chiang Mai but many provinces in Thailand or just only want to have the opportunity to and maybe some from abroad I never prove myself if there's any change going to thought that we would see women in the take place in you know in the heartland of room in my lifetime and when it happened it tera vaada buddhism then needs to come was like a contagious disease still it goes from tera vaada women in in these from one country to another and because of countries and if the impulse is coming from this globalization you know a real connected the West I don't I don't think that it will be soul so very quickly of course we need time that effective except among very small to prove to them that as female Santa as number of middle-class more cosmopolitan Pekinese ANCA we are going to contribute groups the women that I that I know who something to our society and I think before are nuns are generally you know what I've you know it the ball has already started to got all the conditions that I need for practice move so to say once a beacon against ten I have solitude I have support for requisites years in the robe she can ordain new bikinis and I have teachers that I can speak to and in 2010 the first tera vaada ordination ask for advice and many women say well involving both bhikkhus and bhikkhunis took you know this is good enough for me if Thai place in the United States finally after Buddhists women come together and they centuries of resistance the bikini lineages say this is an injustice tum' we've been are growing in numbers and support around oppressed what can you do about it then the world the monastic tradition is of a that would really be something that I have to tradition of renunciants it's much easier to really consider and monks would have to announce as a as a because of bikuni you consider but it's not it is this just not it's just have the support structure you have the a very minor phenomena in in this country expectations you have the Vinaya whatever yes put imagine no matter what everything there is supporting you obviously the size and I have up yy9 me can I pick so you have to relate to the Western world but DME kqp okapi rock we can and allow me if you look at the original villainess suitors is making this ended me but now you tell me no problem there at all where there is a button are you now pendency Sudhir ah problem is if you have you keep the cultural come Monday I wanna play the new house interpretations that is the impasse you keep what I don't how loud on the item there are the vinay and separate that from the culture natal pan some Timon have also been and you find the Buddhism will fit very seeking bhikkhuni ordination from lineages perfectly in every Western culture now in in sri lanka and elsewhere as a way to get monasteries like Dharma sera in Western Australia novices such as alpaca have the option of devoting their entire life to a spiritual practice with the full support of the Sangha it's a journey that evolved I've tried the good life I travelled to the nth degree I party to the nth degree that I actually asked when I was about 24 or 25 if I could come here to ordain and within a week I changed my mind and got married yeah which is a good thing because I guess I needed to have done that I guess to me it's not a commitment vitam a great joy yeah great joy and extreme feeling grateful really everyday I had this wish deep in my heart to become to live this life I don't think I've lost anything a nun there came a time when they calling at all in fact I think why don't more people was so strong I wanted it so much but every become nuns there are questions which you single knowledgeable person I went to said can ask bikuni which you'll never ask about when they can't do that you can wear white can you get answers which I will never be you can shave your hat even and you can able to give you they have their special cook and clean for months in the temple you place which monks will never be able to can never be a monk I remember one fulfill and if we don't have a big who knew it period I cried at least an hour face down means it's this big hole in Buddhism they into the pillow every day because I would were teaching and the dissemination of the never be a monk one of the more senior Dhamma and where does this big hole and beginnings and Tara what is the Buddhist discrimination is discrimination they call it by teaching why to see I think something with its proper name and it also means that regards to Buddhism and Buddhist Buddhism whenever grow either in Thailand monastics and down in movies books and or in the West so I think if you are doing magazines I remember seeing the saffron something positive you know that that robed Buddhist monks of Southeast Asia I vibration that energy is a good energy and I was interested in what is this the way of believe that the society will be will be sages what that might be like as monastic I opening their heart for it if you hear more was in University and working but feeling about good women doing something very unfulfilled and doubtful in that and very somewhere talk about it you know tell the heavy at the thought what what the world about it and then it's it's encouraging prospects were of life that were presented others to do the same thing the between the before me and strife and griefs that I saw ordination is there is growing it will continue between people and environmental to grow and I ask everyone to look it so bad destruction kinds of things and when I where I can get on the back leg and encountered this is a kind of enormous otherwise you get crushed under the wheels revelation for me because so many people these women are regaining the spiritual were so so it's helpful about this they said to path that was given to them by the Buddha me as a young person you know just get inspiring us and lighting the way for those real kid you have to grow up and get with who plan to follow. the program just buckle down and go to work but it's going do what you have to do these are just the ordinary sufferings in life and life is like that dog it's a dog-eat-dog world this kind of thing but to see people who are trying to live differently and worried living differently a great opening for me so as a teenager then he became an honor guard again and there's travel to Europe centre while I was here with new Lumbee and then the great experience for the first and so while I was there I started learning time to the Asia to India ha ha to see many how to meditate and I read books about kinds of stages very many kinds of stages meditation and then I just had this feeling and aesthetics and then you go to a noise that that was like what I'd been kind of and vision normally called East Asia go and hunting for all this time and so I am yeah so go as my heart called me then to Southeast that's how I started and so of course like Asia then I was already a team and the side lots of people who begin meditation I of a big winning at that time was very rare thought well you know I just take a year or and I saw the situation for the nuns who did two off from my career and I'll just meditate not have like their Korean between eight and mean once realized I'll go back and of years did not have full training coordination course you realize once you start practicing and support with the entire society and that that needs a lot more to it than that and so touchstone is a spirit of compassion which that's really why I became ordained I went then underground stream of the winnings to Harvard University in America which was monastics I'm going to let that come back supposed to be you know a place where up into the world in human traditions where four people are really intelligent the one that and so that's good these days now at thing I noticed was that even though the the time has passed and the number of people were intelligent and an intellectual bikinis we have in Tara but it has increased level they sure didn't seem very happy I we've been very glad now to have the 20 remember walking around campus and peers and to help to be able to play some noticing that actually on most people's faces small role in enabling others who shared was this look of tension and stress and I any aspiration that I had myself and also be myself very much felt that tension and able to enter into this life losing the way that stress so I asked myself you know what their hearts have also deeply called them to does it really mean to be intelligent what is and to do that as a as a son Cup winning the point of being intelligent intellectually but son code together following the Buddha's but you weren't happy if one were really teaching and somebody or meditation and intelligent I thought I would know how to be our wisdom become complete linguistics happy that to me seemed to be the most but like the deeper reason I was going was important thing to know and understand but that I find my questions because the what that experience was very important is scholars I really admired weren't people that it clarified in me what I what I who just did it as a kind of hobby but they understood to be the point of this life you did it like from any heart like they answered know what was the most important thing the questions of their heart and I just wasn't was to to study and practice the dumbest so sure what my questions were yet so I went that one could grow in it to grow spiritually to India and when I was in India I am stayed and for me that made it clear that that was at an ashram which I think a lot of we the most important thing in life that's that sinners do it's kind of a stereotypical story point however I didn't have this idea that I and so when I went and stated this ashram I become a nightmare anything like that guess like this whole like world opened up because you know nobody talks about for me which hadn't been part of my context becoming a nun people talk about becoming or part of my life up till then so you know I like investment banker or a lawyer or doctor just learnt yoga and meditation and chanting or engineer or you know those are the but the OSes whole way of like being in the things people talk about and nobody talks world connecting with the world that I hadn't about like you know where's the best place really understood up to that time and you to become a nun so this wasn't really know as I was staying in India and I had to something that was in the air but I knew that go across every six months to Sri Lanka for eventually I would like to commit myself a new reason and so I'd stay at a meditation more to spiritual practice into the spiritual I applied to soon know exactly how but also I clear that monastic life was very much had this feeling that it seemed kind of helped me to to grow spiritually and to study serious I just wanted to like have fun in my and practice with the Dhamma more youth you know I wanted to just have some wholeheartedly and so I decided to to go for fun and get it out of my system first and so it but one thing that what I remember it from so in my early 20s I just you know did what my time as a layperson staying at series in most people just average normal people do Thailand they were in Thailand they always I went I got a job in New York City and this good morning and evening chanting is the most fun city in the world and just had together in this monastery and there's part fun just you know did things that other of the morning chanting where the monks young people did but it didn't take me long chant something that's a little bit different to get bored of it it was like okay well this is from what lay people chant so there's this fun but so what after a while it gets part that always amongst chat and I repetitive how many times can you go remember there was this particular line clubbing and another important thing that where it was saying that you know the happened around that time was that my because who are fully equipped with a full mother became very ill with something that system of training the complete system of was was diagnosed to be a terminal illness training and I remember every time I heard and so the concept of mortality which we that there would just be like this dagger in kind of all think we we know that everyone's my heart you know this kind of it make me gonna die I'm gonna die people are gonna really sad that that wasn't available for die but until it actually happens to someone women the women didn't have the full close to you the truth of it doesn't really hit system of training to really grow on the path home and what it did is that it made me it and I wish that there would be a chance for made me reflect back that hey I don't know me one day to be able to to be to have that how long I have this whole plan to like have closest in the training and so I feel so fun first and then get serious about that blessed and so grateful that I have this dumb luck I thought well you know who opportunity now to be able to have all of the knows how long you have I think it's time to between evocati loka rules training rules to get serious about the damage I experienced help me learn and grow in person qualities a different kind of joy living in the monastery and so I think it's a it's really such a and I saw for myself but it was a very wonderful feeling when I can I took part in peaceful and safe life safe in the sense that my first to like a mocha chanting tend to you you were able to maintain your virtue leave intuitive life but it was just such a such without much difficulty because the home a wonderful feeling to be able to feel like I monastery is set out to help cultivate have the school system of training now and wholesome qualities in the heart and so for I think I can you know use it not as a way to me that was really that was really what what say that I'm better than other people I'm so I saw was the difference in lay life one can much more pure I have all these rules but be trying to practice but it's it's very difficult but really just sort of have a more complete without having supporting conditions to help textbook was raised in Australia coming you to help you try to to you know keep your from a Catholic background for many years precepts well and to and to to do to do a I practiced as a as a Catholic until I became little more to to let go of the self or let go of what I call a lazy Catholic and it was during the default and I found it was much easier in this time I think of being a non-practicing the monastery and just set up for it you've Catholic insofar as I didn't go to church on a got you've got the routine you've got the regular basis I didn't take a mean face preset you've got the Kalyani needs other Catholics do but I think their moral good spiritual friends which includes fellow standards that I was given as a Catholic monastics and especially your teachers and person has always stayed with me I wasn't so for me that all of that very much made it aware I don't think that I was actually searching for something more than what I and that was where I had stayed and lived had as far as I was concerned I was helping and ordained both as a seminary for four in my work I have good friends I had a place years and then as a bhikkhuni I became to stay but obviously deep down I was ordained as a bikuni in Sri Lanka in done searching for something a little bit more bala in 2004 and so between Australian Sri deeply from then on I guess I was very Lanka I've traveled for the past and I came aware that I started looking for places or the Buddhism actually Buddhism came to countries to visit where I could experience me I had originated from Austria then I more what I've come to know as the came to Australia I was married at a very Buddha Dhamma it took me to Taiwan comfortable life and at a certain time since where I stayed for 11 months in her in a we could very good for me but see even rich monastery over there training its way to people are not happy and manner as a walk Thailand many times to meditation centers to life is normal open my eyes I could see to temples where each time I went to these there was no satisfaction and never to be countries I was influenced in a different way found within myself and outside of myself in and to gradually I decided that this was a the world itself whenever I had wishes very lifestyle that I wanted to live I wanted to often if you are a little bit lucky a little bit of study Buddhism I've been attached to a good common nowadays one would say Center in Sydney for much of this time and things came my way and yet very soon after I've become very friendly with the the monk you wanted something else so slowly in that who I first encountered at the aquinas sense even not knowing the Buddhist academy a buddhist monk an australian teaching in my own way being observant of buddhist monk who had trained in thailand life and of my own reactions I could see and who was a wonderful dharma teacher there is no ending to this endless wanting and i'd had a lot of contact with him he and I so in a way you become then not only poor were very good friends and I said to him but all of also somewhat disenchanted and I one day I'd like to study Buddhism and he still remember in the 90s at some point I said to me well go to Asia so that was what I was going for staying at a hostel to eat anticipated doing it was at that time that I outside of Sydney and as I was walking was aware that there was a Buddhist over to the reception area the sort of all's in women's conference being held in Nepal my mind should I play tennis or should I and in this at the same time in in India in play bridge and neither of them was really of Bodhgaya the Dalai Lama was giving a a interest to me and it seems at that time my very good discourse on the what is that the mind went into a deep natural calm state in path and so I decided that I would combine the inductance of this calmness a the two and see where that took me and it questionable in my mind and I still because just so happened that it I went to the Dalai it was so powerful I still remember it until Lama's talk first which was very very deep now very clearly the question was do I want but very very meaningful for someone to continue with this easy shallow way of life searching and I then attended respected or do I want to look for the tools and without leader conference in Nepal where i met my hesitation I opted in a very strong a head nun from Sri Lanka and after speaking determined based on wish investment to with her about my desire to become find the truth I came out of that state and ordained she suggested that I come and continued the next two days and yet with stay at her aroma in Sri Lanka in a little puppet here and there changes took place village called a heli Agoda she said to me in my life and once again now I clearly that it was very poor she didn't have many understand cause and effect and how facilities but I was welcome to come and powerful the mind is and the mind is the stay there and she was she appeared to me farmer so to had good friends there was a to be a very kind and a very compassionate guy close friend in the block of apartments I woman so I decided to go and stay there lived in Sydney was actually Buddhist and then one day she said to me my teacher and neighbors it really was something that renamed Ho Chi from India who was really inspired me to be one who is of actually trained by a society in Burma my service to others yeah my parents were teachers coming to visit me but I had the really my very first of being of service to afternoon to myself didn't know what to do others okay now when when I was young I and suddenly remembered that the was actually educated in a convent school invitation to come down to see my friend together with my elder sister both of us were and her teacher so I walked down and educated in the company school so of knocked on the door there was my friend course at the time you know I was like going and she introduced me to her teacher who to church happily and learning the scriptures was in a la caja moon in touchy and being and all that accepting that you know Indian leaders also very inquisitive visit and whatever happens to me or whoever is all what are you doing and of course perhaps the will of God yeah not really questioning it he meant to say how are you but I just really was until maybe about my teenage years truly understood what are you doing for a that I started to see a lot of inequalities moment it was a very personal question I around me yep and I started to question this was a little bit shocked taken aback but then can be the workings of God God is God suddenly perhaps because of his blessings I because his sphere he cannot be unfair so realized I am very curious in meaning and there must be some other reasons for why doing nothing is wrong so I answered him people are suffering so during my teenage I'm doing see what I have at the same time years I actually started to ask questions like and much deeper understanding 220 I'm not why am i the daughter of this mother and doing anything with my life except having a this father why am I not the daughter of good time being unhappy being of service to another Tara parents I asked myself all others I was a defense minister what skill is these questions so of course I didn't stop that all so then during the during the here I also asked myself questions like you afternoon moaning what she said he's going know why is this family so rich and their to peaceful meditation retreat at what family so poor why are these people so Buddha Dharma the epic Devil's Rock what called well-supported and why are Intifada many of you of all the new there all these inequalities I was going on apartment apartment also I had him at that right in front of my eyes I had a lot of time and I knew I had to go I had to go to questions so I at that time I had no idea the meditation retreat so later on has told what Buddhism was all about yeah until one my lip I'm going to the meditation retreat so day I have an aunt who took to the she said you can't possibly go you know Mahayana teachings in a Chinese temple nothing about Buddhism she was very much there was the first time I heard about the in intellect sure she was from Holland and word Buddhism and I was working as a she came to put this in the fifth went away volunteer in a Buddhist Counseling Center she eliminates she bends water naturally and I remember telling myself one day that cheese started them and a limited you know in order to help people I can't I eliminated one by one he said Buddha can't just volunteer I need to I think the best smacking accept to 80% and for the other way of helping people is to be away from 20% she went to put Gaia to play long songs are also that we can be totally free meditation retreat so this is most severe from suffering and that was when that style of understanding so I came from a aspiration to really a nun to learn Elma and totally different angle I just sit and feel active what the pop of the lock Twitter really took people so she was very concerned so she who died said great strengthen me and that ran half hour kala and said like my neighbor was how the question by one of the Masters coming she know nothing about Buddhism there he says so he's Buddhism an inward not very rich yep simple lifestyle but the way journey and at that time I didn't realize what my mom and that careful family and friends he was asking what they were journey was and I started investigating I started looking after that I started to stay in monastery and I into it to find out what this journey was and I just loved it and just enjoy the kind of started reading about Buddhism did a lot of lifestyle and this is how like I have no I don't reading and to find out what then I found out have the idea of I want to become a nun no it is a journey I had to do it by myself it's just very naturally I've been drawn in the reading books won't help me to practice monastic mind stuff I just love the lifestyle Buddhism so while studying the thing wild and this is how I decided to get the temple reading books and doing my job I had a and then it's because I enjoy the lifestyle is certain point where angles very very not because I want to become a nun but I successful I had two schools and I had my enjoy the king of Lysa I love a book about own house and I was and my children were the Buddha and it was basically the story of married and they were gone so then I Siddhartha's miraculous purse and he's decided this is a good time for me to give up going forth leaving his wife and child behind everything and start my looking into me I that actually didn't impress me at all and if was a one bhootish and actually I sat on my being enlightened but my basic I didn't spiritual practice actually from when I'm really understand what that was from started to meditate because I before that I reading reading some of my readings in am just like a VESA Buddhist and you go to Indian philosophy I had a little bit of an sometimes you know those are the understanding what my understanding of celebrations and maybe sometimes Katina enlightenment was that it was sort of a you know sometimes from you know once in melding with this cosmic sort of ocean like a while I would go to offer Donna to two consciousness or something like that and so months you know they saw things but I don't this guy who left his wife and kid to go and really creep me that you know that I'm not I meld with some cosmic consciousness never thought that I want to become a nun actually didn't do anything for me I I went for one day that's never occur in my mind but this walk in the deck it was a full week trek until when I started to meditate and that is through the mountains and I was just totally really that is my turning point in my life amazed at these people who was so poor because because of the experience that the lived us such harsh lives and freezing cotton first time I experienced another type of and they were cut off for six months of the happiness you know before that I will need year by the cold they had hardly anything to the one option the only happiness I know is eat well they dominate there it was very from you know getting nine nice clothes very very simple life and they were so they having nice fur Tina and the kind of sensory all seemed so happy and they were so pleasure that kind of happiness come from generous and there they share their last sort the kind of sensory pleasure and I'm too of painful of barley with you and everywhere when I first experience at the taste of that I went I found people like that in this place I inner peace and in happiness that within thought there must be something to this and myself and that is nothing compared it just I think I mean the common thread through that you know well then you have something all their lives was of course Buddhism and I where it grows like the kind of like more sort of I promised myself that I would gross happiness compared to this investigate Buddhism when I got back and happiness is more refined it's just like when which I did I took me a few months I actually you have refined food is different from Maya rang a Tibetan Buddhist Center in wow it's just completely different and this is Fremantle and kept getting no answer so I how it draw me into the spiritual life and I left that for one in a few months later my started to meditate more because I love to yoga teacher told me about the dalla Marin meditate since then I meditate a lot I even Dharma loca and her they had meditation though I'm working I meditate at least four classes so I went to the meditation classes to five hours every day daily and I started to there and as they say the rest is history it to spend more times to do retreats and then was I just from my first meditation class I started meditating every day for at least you I've been asked about you know how how know 15-20 minutes and within a year I would you that had a married couple ends went to my first nine-day retreat and I up one monk and the other none but he just trained for it I heard used to train every seems like the best possible way for both of morning for an hour I thought I have to be us to live I mean I it's the best life for him able to sit longer it was quite funny really and it's the best life for me so you know looking back on it but I also just little by little what walking what I was 19 and within began to find out about nuns because I about a year I heard about meditation and quickly realized that it was not quite as easy what really interested me was the idea of for them that women as was for the men I being alone with my own mind and seeing mean I had also been this I'd visited the mental patterns my suffering and my Dharma Sara in 2004 for the first time and I own happiness so I heard about these think I saw a John Villar Merrin and one of retreats that were 10 days in silence and I the things that she said to the group that was just fascinated by that idea because does a big group of people there was I think until then you know I've been traveling a lot it was entry to the reigns how difficult it was and experiencing so many things and yet I for women living in the forest and I looked still wasn't happy so I didn't know anything around me at this gorgeous forest and I about Buddhism but I went for the retreat thought how difficult is that I think it would and it just felt like coming home it felt as be a wonderful place to live and I still do it's though everything I'd always felt in my heart just wonderful living and I've worked as an was now put clearly into words and I was actuary for a few years and when I was not abnormal for suffering you know in my about 23 I filled my first exam and they feel teens I thought maybe there's something probably a second examine kind of realize wrong with me I've got everything they have this business of passing exams and sort of not been abused you know there's no kind working crazily trying to become a big shot of reason for that but now suddenly that in the financial industry wasn't really going here was the Buddhist saying that actually to solve anything and I quit my job and my life is suffering but not only that there's a my cook my own life hello actuarial since way out of suffering so for me there was a bought me a backpack because they knew huge sense of relief and I knew that I would what I was up to and I went to India and for continue that practice so my first two years I sort of did what I wanted to do commitment was to meditation and I stayed which is trying to even though I was sort of in Asia then for the next seven or eight brought up a Buddhist to to kind of explore years doing a lot of meditation on the the the range of of the spiritual world and in retreats and also serving on retreats which India that is definitely the place to be like it's was very interesting because sometimes on a supermarket of spirituality you if you want retreat you feel you get quite involved with to you know try and get enlightened acting your own progress and your own kind of like a dog you can do that you can die well practice but serving others helped me to around at the rajesh ashram you can sing see that actually everybody experiences the bhajans in think i'll you know i tried a lot of same emotions the same struggles simply things and and then after any of them in the by being human you know and we all have meanwhile William Butler who's now been the potential to to develop compassion to over Buddha rocks also who I met in develop unconditional love and a sense of Singapore he also joined me in India so service yes serving mitrice was wonderful later we were going to get married but we and you'd see people coming looking sort of were both similar similarly weird so even heavy and tired by life and by the end they'd though the where where we were husband be just so there came a time when things and wife I think I'm more like and I think we were really falling apart for me and I was were always just just carry on like this you guarded to look first in meditation I went know spiritual spiritual friends sorry it's so here and there in America there's many different groups who teach meditation Center Center for AI sodium studies and in different kinds of religious groups and when 2005 I started my job so when I started the I went I saw that some of them were like job then I thought now the life is going to be superstitious they were saying if I only meet like this and I had this view of me sitting the the girl if the Guru touches me on the head same table in front of the same computer that that will save me other ones seem to be with my hair all gone gray and still doing the looking for money they gather here now same things publishing with such papers already asking for donations I was of a and giving talks and doing all these kinds of skeptical nature and I didn't trust any of stuff and I thought now that time is running these so-called spiritual teachers then it so out perception was a little bit more clear so I happened that one a friend of mine said I thought now is the time that I really should should try this deposit and meditation she start meditating and pursue this beautiful said there's no mumbo-jumbo they don't use path so I remember in 2006 I invited any magic tricks it's only watching the venerable ajahn Brahm 1.so and some of breath and they sent me to a class that was his monks for a house down at my place to being given by a Buddhist monk vicar there celebrate my father's I think 21st 20th also in Washington DC this beaker was so kind death anniversary and there was 30th of so generous so patient he never was October and 2006 and ajahn Brahm gave a irritated by the questions he didn't get angry beautiful Dumber talk and explain the if I went to class and fell asleep instead he amount of merits that I aim to giving this was just consistent and this pickle who was beautiful house Donna but then he an American that the editor of course took mentioned that how much more married that us up to a voluntary Kuna retina at the is to actually when meditate a few minutes adversity heart of Washington and said if we by this time in the back of my mind I already want to pursue meditation we should study wanted to do a retreat but it was so difficult with his neck down so I met dr. van retina to get into a retreat but it was like a miracle called ohnkoji he's the one who read my three days after this house done I got a call and again I was probably moved by his from the retreat organisers because I was deep spirit of happiness and a great pair of already in the waiting list and said the place and a straightforward quietly he never was has come up and I would like to do it so I pushing are trying to get more converts or went to my busses and at work there so get more students are get more money we kind people so I told them that I am really just got married what he knows and what going for this retreat I didn't even ask them sharing in a very freeway at first the first can I take the time off but I said that I'm time that I had a death in my family the cell going that much I wanted to do so they were emotional so distraught so weeping and so kind and I did my first meditation retreat wailing so great love that the months for me by this time I had no idea even how to just stay mindful become the be relaxed and meditate and what I knew this man was when the painful feelings come up just really kind that he wouldn't give punish me watching I found out by doing this or anything if I can't meditate so I thought meditation practice they're the worst maybe I'll have a holiday just leave it anguish the most painful feeling is very meditate if I can and see how it goes so short for the children and only lasts a few that's what I did and in fact ajahn brahm minutes so that I knew if I have the courage instructed in these things I was so happy so to go for a few minutes to bear the plan for a after a couple of days I realized that I could few minutes there are no other life that was in fact meditate and across all so hard to do my biggest turning point and whatever Oh it so soon I became addicted to meditation since that time tht in microbiology at and then became a meditation junkie back Murdoch University and then I was also when I went on retreats and then I stayed in fortunate to get a job there as the monasteries that felt like the right thing for postdoctoral research fellow at the same me to do so there came a time that staying in my life like the quite right thing to ten days and then hopefully after ten days because I was happier when I was in my coming up with a solution and with an last year so I asked John Brown what I answer of whatever I went to the mountain I should do any encouraged also I was very went to the course I was asked not to sing fortunate to meet during one of my work at all but basically two options my body and trips to San Francisco IATA Toluca so she whatever happens in the moments in those was a really wonderful Theravada bikuni 10 days literally transformed my life and she too encouraged me and she was because after those 10 days I came out and really lovely and she in fact invited me to then I decided to go to India and study Holly join come and we spent some time at her and then after studying Holly I thought well Aranya so well then I had more confidence as a moral in India I have committed a so I sold my house and I told my bosses Buddhist sighs so I went to visit the that I would be resigning and then I went to Buddhist sites and then I decided well the her on your body and there I shaved my Dhamma is very well preserved in Myanmar head and became it and a god iike a I think I have to go to Myanmar to the homeless wife and I remember that whole source and so I came to Myanmar this was week I was walking around with so much joy in 2011 and as I come to Myanmar as soon so much joy and so much happiness and so as I land on this golden land I felt at home much peace it was the best thing I ever did and I felt like a and it just from that moment and that whole raised the three months my on one thing fell into place after the other duty was to cook and look after the nuns and it was probably about four weeks later I who were spending the reigns there found myself in the deep forest up north in because it was just the forest with no Myanmar sitting on the tree by myself in permanent buildings or anything everybody solitary retreat ten days of intensive was singing tents we had a little Caravan to meditation day and night and those ten days cook our food so it was quite rough and I realized this is what I want to do in my life rugged terrain so the weather wasn't the dedicate my life to the Dhamma to the best my health wasn't in the best shape but practice and Grady see if I and develop a there was so much joy and peace and I kind and pure and loving heart within myself enjoyed it so after my three months was and for others and the only way of the only done I came back to pure thing then I came proper way for me to do it was to do it not to them aside it all started in 2002 when I too long after the death of my husband and simply didn't know what to do with my life I my friend from Malaysia asked me to go was so desperate to find an answer I just with her to Burma for the long retreat but did felt just something more to it than just not leave the friend who invited me to go running from one project to the other and never went at all so so I was there the exhausting oneself and distractions and I retreat was tough it was painful because simply felt something has to change but I having to sit long long hours in the hole didn't know what to and as it so happened a without comfortable cushions so still I went friend of mine told me about the personal through it and it lasted for four and a half meditation and I heard that before and she months when he just said that it's enough said why don't you go into her personal after that we'll treat something in me course an epic turn I just would grab any changed because when I came back from opportunity to help me in my despair so the the retreat I was no longer content with same night I woke up and I found a having shot retreats few days or even twice meditation course in the mountains of or three times a day so I wasn't content with Switzerland because I at the time lived in that I was looking for a place where I can Germany and without any hesitation I meditate for a long time I had searched a signed up and a few four weeks later I went place to have a longer treat ended at the there with the idea that I would sit on the Masada nuns monastery so on the 9th of Swiss Mountain thinking about my life for December 2009 three of us had our heads shaven and we put on white robes we had going through the booklets and so to take the eight precepts formally yeah so something were tapping me on the shoulder and also we have a new name it's a poly saying look look so I'm going through the name so we don't use our own name booklets and then I came to one that was an anymore so after that we have to wait for excerpt of a book by a monk named by another six months no another another 15 Dakota Montuna and something seemed to months before we can go for the next say look at it ok what oh hey there's a photo ordination which is to become a seminary of a monk and there was an address again and that is a novice nun so after 15 months remember this is before the Internet when we two of us because one left after some you want to know something you want to time she left the monastery and two of us know where to go and do this and that you venerable Baker and myself we were just could you get the information this was ordained at the maloca Buddhist center on before that I saw a monks name and picture the on the 6th of March 2011 so both of us and an address say oh maybe that's a became seminaries on that beam and when monastery I'll put it in my address book then we become seminaries we put on brown I thought I would traveled around to some books and then after that that there are that places in California asking questions where ordination we have to wait for at least can a woman go where can a woman go I another two years before we can become went over see that came back to the States seminaries become bhikkhunis in the still searching where could a woman go meantime more and more ladies are coming wearable a month give a woman a chance in to become nuns and on the 27th of April and pull out their little book I said well that 2014 there were four of us who went forth to little booklet so well I'll write to these people become bhikkhunis I'm very happy to to there wasn't even a phone number I don't have chosen this path because this is a think and they wrote back and sent me really wonderful path in term it's it's a path some information I decided that I was of harmlessness of kindness and most of all planning to go to Australia cuz I heard that of a lot of Latinos so the question is how did from a bit of a temple in Australia that I I become a nun yeah so I had this wish could go and stay there so I booked a ticket deep in my heart to become a nun there to go to California and from there I was came a time when the calling was so strong going to later go to Australia so I first I wanted it so much but every single decided I would visit this place that had the knowledgeable person I went to said when you know that monastery near that address they can't do that you can wear white you so I took a train up to Washington DC can shave your hat even and you can cook Brenden washington DC drove me out to and clean for months in the temple you can this place the ball of the society in West never be a monk I remember one period I Virginia imagine my surprise I discovered cried at least an hour face down into the that be great sri lankan monster who every day because I would never be a monk founded that Meditation Center and or so people were telling me one day I was monastery out in the woods in West Virginia walking through my room and that thought a very very backwards backwoods place not November first came to my mind I thought a cosmopolitan place now the place where what November first what oh I'm gonna go you'd expect to find Buddhism in the United forth I'm leaving the home November 1st States there have this big beautiful Center that was it it was as though announced to and here was a month was giving women a me so I gave notice that my job I gave chance and there I settled in there I was for notice in the home I started to back while I the next four years I received my seminary was packing I had a whole big stack of novice ordination there at base knocked in booklets I picked up at many meditation 1999 later I would leave there looking for centers something told me go through those places with more nuns many times I was the booklets very carefully so I'm like ok ok I'm only done some other times there's even the only woman there training alongside the contemplative traditions any any tradition months it's a big spacious place we had which provides a context for an exploration enough elbow room to do that and the which is essentially internal and personal master was very compassionate to allow and yet is supported and informed by our that but still I had some longing to be relationships through communal amongst and sisters so I went off and relationships which aren't focused on say started trying or I ended up in Sri Lanka material development or even say the they are receiving the higher. gathering of knowledge that might be usual in the university setting but the kind of wisdom or knowledge of how how we are and and why we are which can only be be seen through what we might call insight and this is a contemplative path and that word contemplation or the contemplative life as a phrase is not often heard at least it wasn't when I was growing up in in just outside of Boston in in in Newton suburb of Boston in the 1970s and 1980s and yet Here I am and so how does it happen that we have people choosing to enter into the monastic life and give their lives to a path in this form because really we say in this form it's not the monastic life itself which is the Buddhist path the Buddhist path is something any of us each of us can travel internally it has to do with how we are living how we are being with our experience and and the world in monastic life as a way of pursuing a which we find ourselves so the monastic life possibility of investigation and is is from the perspective of Buddhism it's transformation of one's experience as a it's it's a way of facilitating that which makes human being that is natural it's it's available it more likely that we can really truly deeply to all of us and has been for thousands of follow this path fully follow it so it's it's like a years it's not something which is just where say the practice of meditation and the opening up now so that perhaps makes various ways of life that were encouraged to more sense of why people in the modern live as a way of cultivating the heart in world would choose to give up the classes Buddhism those ways are available to all of at Stanford or wherever they might be and us whether we're monks or nuns or the possibilities of careers in neuroscience laypeople whatever we're doing well that is or technology or whatever they might true the realities of life and the necessities otherwise be interested in and instead do of life for most people mean that it's going to what people have been doing for for be pretty hard to deepen that in in various thousands of years in the case of the ways if we're pulled by the usual so-called Buddhist monastic order and Don the yellow worldly concerns and so well say meditation robe as they say and relinquish the home in the lay life might be seen as the tool life for the homeless life and become a which we can use to develop the heart the Buddhist monk or nun and it's not just monastic life is kind of just like maybe Buddhist monasticism which is as far as I putting a battery on it and making it into a understand experiencing somewhat of a power tool so you get a bit more power revival in the midst of the changes that more easily there and you can go deeper so we're experiencing as a culture modern the monastic life is something which has America as we develop but also other other become attractive to many to people who want to take it deeper and really want to travel that I decided to take without it being make it this path of practice the the priority in any way linked in my mind to religion but and that's what happened to me certainly a sort of personal exploration of the kind and yet I didn't know anything about the that you do with the backpack and long hair monastic life or even a path even a spiritual and well I had long hair but you don't need life any meaning to religion when I was that but just traveling off in Europe with no growing up in elementary school junior high destination and so I did that for a year and school high school beginning of college traveled in Europe took me to the Middle other than the usual that you might assume East to Israel and and Egypt and then when that it's a you know religions provide I was there I found that you were able stabilizing force in society they've been actually to continue on and travel to India around a long time maybe that there were which for some reason I didn't know why at the result of you know the expressions of a the time and I still really don't but that really way to address fear that people might have fascinated me as soon as I heard that you of death and and and other kinds of ordinary could go to India you didn't need a National human emotional concerns but not anything Geographic safari to kind of take you there that really had any meaning or it might be but you could just with your backpack get a from a sort of a cynical point of view a kind plane ticket and go I was interested and so I of opiate of society useful to power did actually here at that point I remember structures in society to have religions that being with a few sort of hippy travelers on a keep people nice and happy with things beach in the south of Israel in 1986 that being unfair so that the people on top can there were masters teachers spiritual stay on top those were the ideas that I had teachers in India who could do miraculous about religion when I was growing up and it things and I was interested in that I found really didn't have any idea that I would end and I found that while we're having up as a monk but I did have a feeling that conversations about life the universe and life should be going somewhere there was everything I surprised myself by some of the some meaning and I would I would find it I answers I was giving others when they just didn't know what that would be so I kind asked me what I thought happened after of had a trust as I was growing up in death and I thought I didn't know I felt that Newton doing the usual things some of when I would say I didn't think it ended with them good some of them a bit naughty that death because up until that point I did think people do in high school and and figuring it ended with death and so I found that just that when I got to college then I'd get taking myself out of the usual routines and serious and I kind of know what the particularly the relationships I'd already direction would be and so I didn't worry developed the friends I had in the States my about it too much and then I got to college family and everything else just being in a which was the University of Wisconsin at totally different context at the age of 19 I Madison and I didn't know what I wanted to started to change in ways I hadn't predicted do and and and I thought that I'd be forced and yet we're leading me towards exploring to get really to look at this carefully because avenues of the I would say I didn't think of it the coursework would be very hard and I as a religious experience I thought of it as wouldn't be able to manage unless I got as the experience of transformation the the serious and unfortunately I was able to transformation of one's experience as a manage even with not doing much work and human so I thought could miracles be so when I saw that I decided this isn't good I possible Wow and something in me told me should really use this if I'm going to be it at yes there's there's more there's more than university so I better I better take some time just what we see and more than just what out and figure out what I want to do and so we currently understand with Newtonian for me the spiritual life the path into the physics and even beyond it with quantum monastic life really started with a period of physics and where we happen to be in our scientific understanding right now as a I knew that it was going to close again that culture even at the age of 19 I could see there was a lot of I remember having the you know we can't just like they thought word mock like Experion 'el muck that was they knew everything 100 years ago and going to come back in I hadn't really dealt now we know a lot more well 100 years with it and I was going to need to find a way from now we're going to know a lot more to get back to this this of open-hearted truth and look back at this time so it's really that I had touched so that then was all I was relative there's a lot of possibility here so I interested in when I got back I was not was mostly just adventurously pursuing this interested in a career or anything else I just what now had become so I didn't think of it wanted to do that somehow find a way and I in these terms but it became a kind of could see at least the way I looked at it personal pilgrimage of trying to find myself was that that way did not belong to something some way to lead me into a one religious tradition or one particular deeper experience of being and turn approach it was a real evident revelation to through that trying to find some truth not me it was while I was in Nepal coming back truth that was being taught to me in school down from the Everest sort of base camp or that I'd inherited through the ways the trek and and and realizing when I got to people thought in society but that I could Kathmandu and all these book shops full of see myself I could really see and I had a wonderful books in Kathmandu that few experiences which spontaneously arose religions were actually expressions at least and and showed me that the mind could go as I saw them of this path just different deeper and one could have what we call expressions arising at different times and in insight into things in a way where you could different cultures to try to help people lead stand back and see yourself more deeply themselves into this truth at least the that fascinated me and I wanted to pursue it contemplative expressions of those so I went on and traveled to India and Nepal traditions so I I got books on every tradition I and Tibet for about seven months and then could find the Upanishads for Hinduism the came back via Thailand and San Francisco daodejing for Taoism and the Dhammapada although mainly that was in order to attend for Buddhism and a number of others and I a Grateful Dead concert in Oakland I hadn't read them and it was the daodejing and the completely given up those interests and yet Dhammapada that really stuck with me and when I did land at San Francisco I was a so when I landed in San Francisco I just had completely different person I felt than when I this sense of like may I I didn't have a sense left there was a certain transformation that of a divine being that I needed to happened to me during that year which personalize but I did have a sense now of a happened not just in one big sudden blast relationship to a truth that was greater than but there were certain points which were me my little self and I made a kind of prayer important and yet over the course of a year if you will or determination like may I not of travel of my own through these countries lose this now that I'm coming back to the and it included visits to Buddhist States may not go back to my old self may I monasteries in Tibet and Hindu holy sites in be able to remember and pursue this and India as well as the Buddhist places in India then landing in San Francisco of course I at least Bodhgaya that's always sort of by didn't know I was naive I was in Boston we the wayside I wasn't searching for that but it don't hear about the it was the 80s so you happened to be where I traveled and at the didn't really hear about the or the kind of it'd end of it I was I was a different person I had be new age things going on over here on really had some change where I saw that the flaky West Coast forgive me from our there is a way to deepen one's experience sort of East Coast perspective but I was of life and that that would take some way of immediately even at the airport greeted by helping me pursue it I kind of had this Hari Krishna who wanted to me to eat in the feeling like something had opened and then wonderful vegetarian restaurant they had and then got to Berkeley where I had friends saying well I have to decide whether I want that I'd met during my travels and they to be extroverted or introverted and if I want introduced me to all kinds of shamanic to be extroverted I thought I'd go to South healers and psychics of all kinds and there America and do some social work and try to was a whole world I realized expressing explore some religious tradition down there I itself in various ways and none of that don't know where I got that idea but I was actually in the end attracted me although I there and if I want to be introverted I had a was invited to join this or that group on the very naive idealistic vision of finding a two reasons at the time were that a lot of it lighthouse to keep on the north west coast had to do with money people were asking and meditating and so she heard that and for money for whatever it was and I just had she thought well you know it'd be good to this feeling that this is sacred this is this is learn to meditate first and I'd done a little bit kind of holy this this and it shouldn't involve in various ways and gotten some books but buying and selling and the transfer of that was when I went to the Cambridge money so that was one thing and the other Insight Meditation Center and it wasn't a thing was some it really felt like there was a transformative experience although it was lot of people were you know well-meaning enough just learning the simple breath but really trying to become special spiritual meditation that we call on upon a sati for me people like trying to be a master or trying to to see this is I don't know if this is it forever be seen as wise or special and I just felt that but this is what I need how do I pursue this the from the openings that I'd had over that so I wrapped up my life in Madison and year that that was almost the opposite went back to Boston in order to try to stay at direction of where I needed to go I needed this meditation related meditation center to go in and just giving up wanting to be called the Insight Meditation Society in somebody special or wanting to be anything Barre Massachusetts started by Joseph at all and I realized at that point really the Goldstein Jack corn cornfield and Sharon Dhammapada had probably sunk in more Salzberg it's become quite well-known in than the others and that's the Buddhist influential in the Buddhist scene in America teachings which every tradition preserves in in the terracotta world and I spent six in a sort of a poetic phrase like form at months there really trying to see and I could some of the earliest and most fundamental see that being a staff member there teachings of the Buddha so when I got back wouldn't really give me what I felt I was to college it was kind of almost like well I looking for at that point I realized what I was guess it would be probably good to have a looking for was a training something that degree but I don't really I'm not interested in wasn't just a set of principles that would be any of this I really will just get one in case I something that I would then use on my own don't find anything in the meantime and that you know now and then referring to wasn't enough really to keep my grade point somebody else but mainly just trying to use average satisfactory and when I realized those in my life but rather somebody who that I better just pull out rather than ruin my would or at least some some community my prospects if I ever have to return and so some situation that would help to to guide I did then I didn't know what I'd do so III also me and and and help form me as I worked at the same time as all of this and and for a with the principles of these teachings so few years earlier did know about Buddhist then I realized okay this is in this tradition meditation because my mother in the that means the monastic life where can I go Boston area had started meditating and it and I asked and I was I was willing to go was through the Cambridge Insight anywhere in the world as long as I could Meditation Center that that you mentioned trust the teacher that was the most earlier and so when I went back for the important thing to me and then I I remember Christmas break that year I told she asked saying that you know if there is a teacher me what I wanted to do and I remember that speaks English that would be nice because then I wouldn't have to spend the with another person that you decided when first three or four years learning another who was going to be cold when and you language but it didn't really matter too much would plug into the wall and otherwise it and the teachers they're recommended was damp and cold those things were Ajinca meadow who was an American unpleasant but in terms of the commitment teacher some of you know he was based in to honesty and integrity and the moral England although he'd started in Thailand in principles that we have in Buddhism the community of which I'm now part so I I everyone was very diligent in terms of their wrap things up I got things prepared and I efforts in those areas and that was that was just went off to England and that was in a a very rare and valuable space I won't say 1989 and I arrived at the monastery which is what's not unique but it felt unique because named amaravati which at that time was a you you came I came in from a context wasn't physically developed very much it where generally everyone's pretty nice in was a old school built by the Canadian Air the world wherever you go but you don't feel Force in the 30s just for like a summer necessarily that you're protected in that way school so uninsulated wooden buildings in by knowing the people around you even the damp english climate I arrived in though they might get it wrong are November I think it was dark at four o'clock committed to being honest to being kind to in the afternoon the food was terrible being truthful to being sober and so we had everybody looked depressed the place a safe place excellent teaching and a looked like Auschwitz actually there was community of committed people really trying there was these kind of barracks lucky to put these principles of teaching principles buildings and it was even a water tower that into practice so I stayed and at that time it looked like a guard tower and it was not was a very inspiring time there were a lot of very inviting and the people were very nice monks and nuns coming in to a community but they weren't you know there was this so in in Terra bada we don't have sense of like if I was going to choose where developed nuns tradition as many of you I want to go and spend my time I wouldn't may know and yet in response to that Ajinca have chosen it honestly but I heard the meadow had had created a sort of a way of dummy talks being given by a Jinsu motto training for women who wanted to live the at the time and it went right here and I knew same life and so there was a sort of side by this is where I stopped I even said those side monks community and nuns words to myself at one point because I community at two of the monasteries there really realized this is enough if the teaching including the one where I was and so it was that I need and in fact I could see enough at a community of a growing community of that point that by not being a pleasant international aspirants of different ages situation into my liking in every way that most of us young but some of us older and would actually be an advantage it would it was a time when you felt like you are on help me to learn the lessons I was going the ground floor of something that's just there to learn if I was having to run into going to get bigger because you really felt a unpleasant feelings unpleasant perceptions lot of interest in the society around not you know nothing was immoral that moral necessarily understanding say when you basis of the monastery was excellent and walked out into the streets and that is that was the key so you know they might something I found has changed over the have been unpleasant in terms of the food decades when I would walk say through the that the you know young 22 year old nag streets of London or through the streets of Erica's novices were making on the wood Newcastle where there was a monastery stove and a big pot and might have been where I lived for a few years in the 90s early unpleasant in terms of the the fact there on people would shout hi-yah hurry or they wasn't enough money to heat the place so would you know even kind of yelled you had to kind of share an electric heater something aggressive and then I found more recently that you walk around and monastic traditions also so some of our people smile at you and they might even training comes from that some of our give you an Anjali and they might say say training then also comes from the ways it's anything at all they might say Oh Dalai developed in Thailand over the years and Lama or else and that's nice because particularly what they call the Thai forest everyone has this good perception of the tradition was an expression that you'd find Dalai Lama or they'd say oh Shaolin and we in say many religious traditions certainly in don't do martial arts and tera vaada in fact I Buddhism I think over the years in different don't know what martial arts has to do with countries and and and and cultures where Buddhism but I must admit I did prefer being it's gone there's been a as it gets more mistaken for a kung-fu practitioner rather accepted and more supported it comes than someone involved in a cult and that closer to the power institutions and more was you know that that's something that's wealthy and then the sort of it sort of gets changed is that say in the 80s and 90s in corrupted and things in terms of the spirit of Britain and Europe and the states a lot of it and what it's really there for to help with people really wouldn't understand this other this path of the transformation of the heart than the horror stories they'd heard about that falls away and so then there are these cults in the 60s and 70s is some strange sort of reform movements of getting back to foreign thing wearing robes cutting off your basics getting back to the real principles hair why would you do that and now there is going back to the forests and meditating more acceptance I'd say that that's a good and following the rules that we have so the sign that say expressions of the Thai forest tradition was one such contemplative life in general and Buddhism movement and and there's a real emphasis in particular are making their way in in in simplicity and renunciation and following various ways slowly but surely into our the rules that we have very strictly and culture so I lived in England during the 90s meditating really using the life for its where our training is such that the way it's purpose of transforming the heart and been sort of formed both in our community learning about the mind so some of the and Thailand so that's the roots of it are in trainings that we have come from how that's of course ancient India with the Buddha expressed itself in Thailand and then when I himself but the particular community that I'm was in England it had been developing part of his is called the Thai forest tradition there in fact one of the senior monks I and so the roots are in Thailand and there remember gave us slightly humorous talk was a famous teacher there named ajahn where he said well what we have here now Chah who had a very good facility with with is not necessarily the Thai force tradition it's non Thai monks and so he had a lot of more like the English countryside tradition Westerners and say Japanese and because there were adaptations we couldn't Malaysians who'd become monks with him you know we had to wear wellies you know even though they weren't northeastern these rubber boots that we wear in England Thais and that community now because it rather than just sandals because it could get has such a large international element there really cold and muddy so there'd be these are branch monasteries all over the world in vinay discussions okay when can you wear different countries and so there are ways of welly and what color should the wellies be practicing which are part of our vinaya is the okay black is okay brown is okay blue is Pali word the the monastic discipline that right out so we had these developing extras we've inherited from the Buddha and would in the West that were selected slowly be common to any Buddhist tradition at transforming how we were actually sort of least tera vaada Buddhist tradition the expressing the life physically and that Mahayana have developed other ways continues to this day and it's informed by a although they would still have the same communal discussion and by a real having essential vinaya rules embedded in in their first surrendered to the tradition as it already is internalized it really learned the spirit of it immoral to eat food at four o'clock in the and then one is in a better position with the afternoon but we don't eat food at four help of others and some more senior o'clock in the afternoon so why that's a members of the community to make that's something that we're using in terms of decisions on how to adapt when an renunciation and well because the Buddha adaptation seems like it's required and there said to do it that way that's the first reason are certain rules that cannot be adapted and why did he say to do it that way well the certain rules that can be interpreted in actual reason isn't that inspiring it's not certain ways and so it's not a sort of carte because he said this will help you in your blanche to just adapt whatever we want and monastic life initially although he did say yet having given ourselves into the tradition that afterwards over time in different ways as it is without really questioning too much but if initially it was because the monks and just taking it on training learning it as it is nuns were walking around for alms with surrending the sense of like following our their arms bones at any and all times of day ideas about how it should be or how we and night and at one time somebody during think it should be changed our views and the early mornings or still dark was walking opinions learning to let those go then you with her arms Bowl and someone who had get a sense of what it feels like what it been up a woman who was cooking on a means to live as a monk or live as a nun fire saw the monk and got scared half to and to live as a seminar is the word we use death thinking it was a ghost and so she a renunciant using this form to help us complained to the Buddha how can these develop the spiritual life which is common to monks be wandering around at night they're all of us and yet there's very specific ways scaring people and the Buddha just said when you're living in a monastery and okay just eat between dawn and noon and you're not living as we say in the world so I'm not gonna have any dinner because anymore of course we're in the world we're that happened in that time so that you could all in the world but it's not the values are say well why would you follow you know different the priority now is setting things up these things if it's just that particular so it really supports ourselves and others instance that created the rule but it's not and those who come to the monastery in that might have been the trigger for but the this movement of the heart and so actual effect of having a rule like that is renunciation becomes something that much more meaningful and in in in this case makes sense not something that is a kind of it's actually more than just the exercise of it's not at something which is meant to help renunciation itself the exercise of giving up us run away from experience it's not a something you want but it also has health judgement about what we give up but it's benefits it's kind of actually good for you not rather recognition that one we have other to be digesting and eating all the time and priorities and so giving things up will help us that really helps the metabolism and it helps simplify make things more peaceful by not your meditation and it helps the community doing this and not doing that and to by life because you don't have to have a you choosing to renounce to give up certain know washing up going on all the time with things not be able to do things you might the dishes and the cooking and helps things otherwise do or want to do or had or want to just settle down there are all kinds of extra have it creates a certain pressure a certain benefits that that creates but also it is just intensity and and and we're trying to use our an exercise in giving up it's not immoral to life to learn about our minds and hearts in a eat after noon but you are forced to hit your way where that intensity becomes useful so wish to eat when you want to eat and so we do it consciously you know this are one what do you do with that and if you've of the rules is not to eat food afternoon so chosen to live a monastic life then you're we eat between dawn and noon and there's choosing to use your life to learn about how nothing moral about that right it's not you make yourself suffer how we make ourselves unhappy how we get caught into from a few months when I'm 22 years old our views and opinions and believe them in will give it's much more comfortable these ways that lead us to unhappiness this is days actually but that's a problem actually I something that starts to interest us greatly do think now that I am responsible for the and we realize we can't just think about it training of others in a monastery in New and learn that way we have to actually Hampshire how can we how can we keep it enact it see it in action and and and and be from being too comfortable because it's able to practice we have this word practice gonna be a problem you're not gonna get that comes up in our life a lot our teachings challenged in the ways you need to be our law and it really is a practice it's not challenged in order to see yourself you don't something that we just learn and then know want to wear hair shirts and and sort of in our you know conceptually we have to in punish yourself so that's not what these that and and and and and practice being things are about but you also don't want it to with our experience in a way where we're be too easy you want it to be to be a not going to get caught into suffering and challenge a training so I did I did that in then we'll get it wrong and we learn from England for the the period of trainings it was that and we try again we get it wrong we about seven or eight years and then had the learn from that so this idea of a training of opportunity to go to Thailand and did so the heart is very important and key to someone offered me a plane ticket and had understanding why the monastic life would the blessing of the teacher the abbot of would hold any interest to people these where I was staying and and went down to days and so it is it is becoming more and see agents Amato was at a different more popular in the 90s in England as I was monastery and then went off and initially saying earlier so we have this training stayed at the monastery that we have in structure which had been sort of adapted Thailand which is a sort of sister monastery from what we'd inherited and based on to Aceh and chars own time monastery and principles you find in in the Vinaya as per as it's called the international forest monastery left to us by the Buddha where you won't or what thon on our chat is are the words in really wander on your own or take your own Thai and that's a monastery like some of the sort of initiative to go here and there until ones that I've been in in England in the you you've been a monk for at least five sense that it's an international community years and so we have a training where and the lingua franca there is English so you're a novice for a year and then you're you'll have about 17 nationalities I think sort of a different kind of novice for a further when I counted one time when I was there year so it's about two years of an officiate all living as monks in Thailand in the very and then if you become a monk to say in my Thai way and yet using English to to speak case it's a five years of just really going to each other and in teaching and then where you're asked to go not really sort of learning Thai bit by bit but it's a real way to deciding anything much for yourself except enter into the monastic order in Thailand for on a personal level but just surrendering those who are not Thai very quickly and into it and learning and that's a very very effectively so I spent some time there valuable period where you you have the but I was really itching to test myself on my opportunity not to follow your views and own in the ways that we have in our opinions and wishes and wants and instead tradition so you you had mentioned learn that yes actually even though it is wandering being a often a feature of the unpleasant I can be completely content biographies of early monks and that's still sitting here in the dark damp English true in in the way that we practice in our wooden room not complaining now normally tradition in Thailand the wandering actually I'd be complaining and thinking how do I get has this Thai word which comes from the out of this but I've chosen to use this it's not Pali do Tonga and the Thai word is too gonna kill me I'm not gonna get arthritis just dominant so you say we go to dong and it means you go wandering as a monk with Taiwan as well but also a challenge for me your arms Bowl and your robes and not because we in our order followed the rules much else and you sleep outside in that were originally laid down well we're not whatever place you might find and you go allowed to carry money or have any money wherever you are with your bowl to see if and we're not allowed to store food and so anyone might give you some food in the there was no guarantee that I'd be fed and morning and you just eat that and you no guarantee that I have any place to sleep continue and you find places to meditate I just had the ticket so I might be coming and you learn from your experience from back cold seems March when I left from Jib not knowing if you're gonna eat what you're from Tokyo back to Bangkok skinny and gonna eat or where you're gonna sleep or they'd be hopefully a little wiser after you where you're gonna be and these periods of know whatever a number of days I'm Anna wandering can last anywhere from a few did but I didn't know the other reason I felt weeks to a few months to a whole number that it would be useful is because I did think of years so I did some of that with another eventually I'd end up back in the West and monk who had been there for a few years that this is a time when as we see here at an American monk friend of mine which Stanford many different Buddhist cultures allowed me to do it without knowing much are coming together and and it's an Thai and we wandered through the south of interesting time in that way who knows what Thailand and a bid through the north and kind of Buddhism we will have 200 years had to find places during the three-month from now but it is a time when theirs is more monsoon season when we're required to interaction more exposure to each other stay in one monastery to stay for three more dialogue between the different months and then could wander on after that Buddhist traditions as well as a translation so there was a period of training in that way of each of those traditions into a new culture for me and then also in my particular case and so I felt it would be useful for me to and this is somewhat unusual say in in our have had some kind of direct experience of tradition during that wandering period I had how other Buddhist cultures live their met a couple an American man and his wife Buddhism how it actually is being lived I who was Taiwanese Japanese and they did knew some of the the conceptual the sort of have a respect not only for the Buddhism theoretical differences between the around them in Thailand but also for the traditions the traditional bias that say Mahayana tradition which is more what they Mahayana traditions will have about the had experienced both Tibetan and and and Tara vada calling of the Hinayana the lesser Taiwanese Mahayana and so they they vehicle that it's more more sort of selfish wanted to offer me a plane ticket to go to a Buddhism or your your your kind of concern Mahayana country and I didn't accept it for for yourself to get out of this and that's all some time until I considered why I might you should be thinking about whereas the accept such an offer but in the end I thought Mahayana are the altruistic ones of giving it would be a useful experience to learn not up your own salvation for others and caring only would it possibly be challenging for me about in a compassionate way everyone but also good to take myself completely out else and that would be the mahayana bison of the context in which I had been a month the tera vaada we had our own bias of like before even in England although it was we're the real Buddhism that still does the foreign to Buddhism I was living in this little thing that the Buddha actually taught and micro culture of the monastery and the then there's this new religion that developed monastery supporters but this would be called Mahayana which does all these other something different it would be Buddhist in things that the Buddha never talked and so the in the end I I accepted and it was a we I knew that neither of those sort of ticket to Japan the return ticket which went biased positions could be true you'll find through Taipei so I'd be able to stop in in that's one Tibetan teacher in England in the 80s said you'll find Mahayana people in in in quietly with our eyes cast down so you're in in the Terra vada and you'll find any other not kind of looking around as if you want people and the Mahayana and the other something and having a lid on your bowl way around it's more a attitude of heart that what you do anyway and allowing people if any of us can have no matter what tradition they wish to approach you and generally were in whether we're focused on herself people think that you're collecting money for focus on others and in the end really I would your religion in the West they might not say the Buddhist path is leading us through know what that is in Japan they they they a kind of compassionate altruistic way of life probably also didn't know what that was and yet focusing using the personal because it was a different color than they're experience as once focused to do that to no used to and yet having the lid on the bowl is longer needing to divide between self and key because it allows us to say oh that's other so I thought it would be useful and I very kind but I don't accept money and and did one then I got off the plane in in in if then if they ask oh well what then what are Tokyo and and a day before maybe was two you doing there's a chance to explain well I days before I've been given the name of a live on the food that's offered and it's all I priest and and and and some message had can eat and it's just our tradition to be been sent to him so it turned out that I was available for offerings in the morning and so met by a surprise I didn't realize that I'd be they're more often than not people will say met but I was met at the airport in Tokyo oh well what would you like and so they'll and-and-and and I won't go into the whole then go off and you'll have to remember story because we'd be here very long and okay there's the woman in the red hat they'd never be any chance for questions because somebody else will have come but the in the end did do a fair bit of also and said okay well what would you like wandering which included Japanese priests and then they'll go off and there's the man in of different kinds handing me off from one to the black jacket and then the first one will the other and staying in their temples as come back and give you a bag of food more well as Japanese laypeople who practiced than you can eat but you'll wait for the man different types of Buddhism some of them in the red jacket and whoever else and I Soto Zen some of them Tibetan Buddhism found that in England and the monks and kind of hosting me and some periods of the nuns have found there we can go for hitchhiking and getting picked up by weeks travelling through villages living on Japanese truckers and using my little alms food and have far more food than we Lonely Planet Japanese phrase book to get need we can't and we're not allowed to around Japan and going homes around store it overnight and so you end up looking when I needed to standing in Japanese for poor families or churches to leave the towns with my bowl in the way that we've extra food and then wander onto the nets developed in the West I had done so in next to village so I did a little bit of this in England and we do now in the States where Japan and during those that journey I was as in Thailand and Buddhist countries offered a chance to go to Korea in the form where they still have a tradition of arms of a boat ticket and so I did take the boat to around as we say people will know in those to Pusan from Fukuoka in the south of cultures what you're doing when you walk Japan got off with no just a phone number slowly through the town with your bowl and and the name of a Center in Seoul called yet in cultures that don't have that even the the Lotus Lantern Center and the desire to Buddhist cultures now say Japan included see if I could stay there for a number of they won't necessarily know what you're months the the monsoon season was doing and they won't want to interrupt you coming up and it was a time when we they'll be very polite and respectful and you needed to stay in one place for three won't get anything to eat so what we've months and many adventures long story developed is a way of just simply standing short I did stay with a monastery in in in Korea for the three months of the rainy training in Thailand the time on my own in season retreat and it was a monastery Thailand and I was a I felt myself to be a which was a sort of fledgling effort in the different person in some significant ways vein that I've just described our international and and really felt grateful so I just wanted forest monastery in Thailand it was a part of to go back out of gratitude to help to help the chili order the main sort of part of the others live this life and to kind of give back Korean monastic order there and a little to the teachers who had helped me monastery that was a sort of effort to allow because there they were having to international people to become monks and administer these monasteries in here there I so I the monks that I was living with were was sitting in this bamboo grass roof cootie from Russia and Kyrgyzstan and happy that I didn't have to do anything so I Bangladesh and Switzerland rather than went back to England in 2006 and to the from Korea and yet the abbot was Korean monastery where my teacher at insa and we did a lot of sort of going to some of meadow was Amaravati the same one that the other Korean monasteries from time to was so uncomfortable when I first arrived in time so I had a certain exposure there to 1989 by now it's well supported new Mahayana Buddhism as being practiced in buildings built all very nice as even central Japan and in Korea and then on the way heating and and yet the teaching is just as back in Taiwan where the relatives of the pure and so many people continue to come people who'd given me the ticket in the first the community has grown the lay place had a friend who took me around to community has grown it's really quite many different monasteries and I met quite evident that Buddhism in in this form is a few of the teachers and the Buddhist taking root in in England in that culture scene there then I went back to Thailand being from New England from having grown and engaged in some years of solitary up in Boston and having visited from time to practice one of the nice things about time over the years my parents and Thailand is there are many caves and little including of course my mother being a places where there's just a little hot where a Buddhist practitioner and having friends and monk can live alone and practice without other kind of Buddhist practitioners who'd much need to do anything else just go out in grown around the monks and nuns from our the morning with the bowl to get the food so monasteries who would go from time to time I did that for a couple of years and was very to teach there there had been for a large for happy in fact I could have continued to do a long time a group that had wanted us to that for a long long time and I felt even for have a branch monastery there and so the rest of my life it was a very pleasant life every time I would go back over the years yet I did feel over time that it was necessary they'd ask me and I'd say no hope you find for me to be challenged in ways that I a good monk good idea bye-bye but now I wasn't learning things that I would need to realized that if in the same sort of vein I felt learn at some point because I wasn't being grateful and that I recognized that while challenged enough and that community life Boston is kind of like the bay area there's and commitment and responsibility that everything there in the spiritual scene but comes with the community life would really what they didn't have was a training help to force me to see those those aspects Monastery in the ways that I'd experienced and so I I realized that the time for solitary it and so I I in conjunction with some of the practice had come to an end if I for me that I teachers in England started to feel that I really would like to go and continue my could accept the invitation if it came again practice in community that was one part of it and in 2009 it came again and I decided and the other part was that I really felt that over the course in the next few years I'd incredibly grateful I had had really benefited start moving back to just see if it would be from these years of practice the initial possible and so that was what happened in training years in England continuing the 2013 I with one other monk and a novice that we had there stayed in a rented apartment in in in Boston in Austin and we just went arms around everyday for the rainy season retreat so it was about four months total and to see if there'd be interest and there was a lot of interest and there was also a big property in New Hampshire where the owner who was also Buddhist in looking to sell really wanted us to take it on as a monastery and there's a long story around that which I won't go into but that's now where I've ended up and we have a new monastery in the southern part of New although the Tibetan Book of the Dead is Hampshire in a town called Temple and so traditionally read in order to guide the spirit the the monastery is named temple forest of the dead person it is primarily meant to monastery which causes no end of be studied and practiced during life not only confusion say why do you go why don't you so that one will be able to remember it at call it forest temple monastry but it's no it's the time of death but because its teachings it's the forest monastery in the town of actually refer to this life just as much as they temple so it's temple forest monastery but do to any future existence Buddhism we also have a poly name just to make teaches that nothing is static or permanent things more confusing called jetavana and life is a continuous flow of interconnected jate Ivana's the of course the second moments the nature of each moment is monastery of the buddha in the buddha's determined by what is gone before just as time the buddha spent more rainy season one's next birth is determined by one's retreats himself at Jeita vana than any other actions during this lifetime so we can say place and in countries where Buddhism has that life and death are actually both taking taken root over the years in Sri Lanka place at every instant the word Bardo certainly and I believe also in Burma and means an intermediate state a gap or a and and no doubt in others there have been period of suspension when one situation monasteries named after jetavana when the has come to an end and another has not yet Buddha Sasana the Buddhist teaching the developed it occurs in the interval between Buddhist community has started to take root two states of mind as well as between in these new cultures and so now here we states of existence such as birth and death have America they're Mahayana Buddhists any everyday situation of hesitation or Tibetan Buddhists tera vaada Buddhists and uncertainty or of inner conflict between you know many many many people opposing emotions contains characteristics interested in Buddhism to one degree or of the intermediate state so do those another maybe not calling themself a extremes of emotion when one is on the Buddhist but being affected in some way edge of complete exhaustion or feels one is and interested in some way and wanting to approaching the borderline of insanity at pursue in some way the possibilities. such moments of concentrated energy one may suddenly enter a neutral state in which one feels completely free calm and detached this is an intuitive glimpse of the ground of being the nature of mind itself it is called Dharma tah the essence of things as they really are it is described as indivisible emptiness and luminosity just before death a dying person's consciousness becomes progressively more and more detached from the external world and from the body until it of existence represent both the various is completely concentrated within and there states of mind into which our consciousness is an experience of a sense of internal glow is continually reborn and the different ways or luminosity this is called the Bardo of the of experiencing the world they arise from moment before death after death the the instinctive emotional reactions to the consciousness is freed from the limitations openness and brilliance of the luminosity of the physical body and is able to perceive the realm of hell the lowest of the six realms a subtle level of existence where everything is the most intense dominated by manifests as sounds colors instead of solid aggression hatred and anger hell can be material forms underlying all these burning hot an environment of appearances is a luminosity the light of claustrophobic terror or icy cold a frozen reality and if one can recognize that and isolation that results from pride and merge with it one reaches the absolute level resentment towards others the realm of of dharmakaya if one is unable to let go into hungry ghosts develops from greed a that state visions of the Buddha's and other hunger that continually increases and can divine beings appear first in peaceful forms never be satisfied possession brings no and then in wrathful forms offering many pleasure to The Hungry Ghost only different approaches to enlightenment at the searching and grasping matter so there is a same time our memories of the ordinary sense of endless frustration and world of suffering or samsara also beckon disappointment even though one is us appearing as paths of colored light surrounded by food and wealth the animal leading us to future rebirth in one of the six realm arises from ignorance it is a realms of existence next come terrifying deliberate turning away playing deaf and experiences of judgment by Mara the Lord dumb so as to avoid the brilliant light of of death and the pursuit and torture by reality it can create a comfortable avenging demons the fundamental teaching predictable way of life the one that is also of the whole text is to recognize that these very mechanical and without any sense of visions are the projections of one's own humor unable to respond to the unexpected mind as soon as one realizes this one is or the unknown the human realm is based liberated from the visions finally if one has on passion and enjoyment it contains been unable to recognize this one enters qualities of exploration striving and creativity the Bardo of becoming the transition to a that may lead to success and fulfillment but future birth in one of the six realms even at also suspicion and doubt that continually this point there are still opportunities to undermine the sense of achievement the recognize the luminosity because the focus realm of the jealous gods is based on a of the mind is concentrated by intense fear fundamental sense of jealousy or envy as instead of escaping into a new form of though the very existence of others is a existence the consciousness in the Bardo threat to one's own survival here no can stop and confront this fear and so attain relationship is possible without intrigue one liberation from it if this fails the text gives must always be on one's guard against instructions on choosing a new birth that will hidden enemies and on the watch for be of benefit to oneself and others all these opportunities to win either by diplomacy or situations described in the Tibetan Book of superior strength the realm of gods the Dead can be seen as symbolic or develops from pride and instinctive self- visionary pictures of events and consciousness which arises when faced experiences in human life for instance even with the impersonal openness of the at the last minute there is always the luminosity it is the highest realm of self possibility of refusing to give in to anger or development pleasure and peace with the passion refusing to be caught up in that feeling that one is invincible and immortal world and preventing the birth of some we can easily recognize in these six realms seemingly inevitable situation the six realms the familiar psychological states of daily life but at the same time we always possess enlightened aspect is the wisdom that within us inherent buddha-nature the latent accomplishes all actions the Teta kata is possibility of enlightenment which appears embody the transcendent qualities of as aspects of wisdom or enlightenment enlightenment their absolute existence they corresponding to our particular tendencies are united with their consorts the fertile in the intermediate state they manifest as feminine energy which completes them and the five to takata's or Buddha's inviting us to allows them to manifest they are attended dissolve into the rays of light that stream out by male and female Bodhisattvas which from their hearts the five wisdoms are the represent the principle of active liberated energy of enlightenment but in engagement for the sake of all beings at samsara they are distorted into the five first these deities appear in peaceful form negative emotions or poisons they are also they simply reveal the existence of known as the five families to which all living enlightenment immovable and invincible the things belong the first of the two toccatas in beginningless and endless state of absolute the center of the mandala is Verona and his peace such a pure impersonal state may family is known simply as the tatata of appear threatening as well as attractive Buddha family it is associated with the basic which leads us into the next vision the poison of confusion or ignorant which it vidyadharas the vidyadharas are simply deliberately ignores and out of which all the expressions of the same Buddha nature other poisons evolve but Verona also seen in a different light they are the essence embodies the wisdom of Dharma due to the of communication the divine form of the limitless all-pervading space in which tantric guru possessing power over the everything exists as it really is the truth that magical aspects of the universe they reverses ignorance the second to takata is combine elements of both the peaceful and Akshaya in the eastern side of the mandala wrathful deities if we do not respond to the he is the ruler of the Vajra family whose communication of the vidya Duras they poison is aggression or hatred this is become transformed into their wrathful transmuted into the mirror like wisdom manifestations the Haruka's the basic which reflects everything calmly and clearly qualities of the five families continue but in the southern side of the mandala is now their energy is expressed in a very rottenness an bhava ruler of the rotten of dramatic and powerful way this is the family Ratna means jewel and in particular ruthless unyielding quality of peacefulness the wish-granting gem which magically which does not allow any escape grants all desires so here the poison is pride fundamentally the quality of the Five resulting from the possession of spiritual or Families is a peaceful state because it is material riches its antidote and completely stable and nothing can disturb it corresponding wisdom is the wisdom of the tremendous energy of that peaceful equality and equanimity in the West is state now manifests itself as wrathful is Amitabha whose family is Padma the Lotus often described as compassionate anger the poison of this family is desire or passion anger without hatred these transformations grasping hungrily at everything and its to have counterparts in our own lives as wisdom is the wisdom of discrimination their active energy increases not only do the which provides the coolness and possibilities for inciting crease but also the carefulness that allows for passion to be possibility of danger for instance psychic transformed into compassion lastly in the experiences and the awareness of the north is a Moga city ruler of the karma magic of life belonged to the realm of the family karma means action and is vidyadharas while the activity of the symbolized by a sword or double Vadra Haruka's might be felt as an accident or a envy is the poison associated with karma sudden shock that wakes one up to reality arising from the insatiable ambition that after the Haruka's a whole crowd of other drives this kind of activity while it's fierce and terrifying deities appears each symbolizing a specific quality of introduction the main subject matter and the enlightenment and carrying out a particular conclusion firstly the introduction the means function of the individual consciousness of liberating human beings first of all one again and again we are reminded that these should have studied the instructions which visions come from our mind and we need should certainly liberate those of the highest only recognize them as our own projections capacities but if they do not one should in order to be liberated from them in the text practice the ejection of consciousness it says that all this is meant to remind the which liberates spontaneously as soon as it dead person of what he has already is thought of in the Bardo of the moment practiced during his life but we can still use before death this should certainly liberate the essential principles of the teaching to yoga pnes of average capacity but if it does help those who are not familiar with it by not one should strive in this great liberation opening our minds to them and transmitting through hearing in the Bardo of Dharma tah our own sense of warmth stability and therefore the ogen should first examine the confidence if one is close to someone who sequence of signs of death according to the is dying it is very important to be truthful spontaneous liberation of the signs of death about what is happening so that there is and when they are definitely completed he complete mutual trust friendship and should effect the ejection of consciousness communication as the person's physical and which liberates spontaneously as soon as it mental condition deteriorates he or she is thought of if ejection is effected there is develops a higher awareness of the no need to read the liberation through surrounding emotional atmosphere so that hearing but if not it should be read clearly one's own state of mind is extremely and precisely close to the dead body if the important and becomes part of the dying body is not present one should sit on the person it is impossible to know what dead person's bed or seat and proclaiming someone in the intermediate state is going the power of truth call on his consciousness through or whether you are still having any and read imagining him sitting in front real contact with a person but the essential listening at this time sounds of crying and thing is to continue to provide this stable weeping are not good so his relatives environment so that automatically the should be shut out if the body is present consciousness in the Bardo will be attracted then during the interval between the ceasing to that when one listens to the Tibetan Book of the breath and the ceasing of pulsation in of the Dead although all the symbolic details the arteries his guru or a Dharma brother or are significant it is not necessary to analyze sister whom he loved and trusted should and remember them all in order to benefit read this great liberation through hearing from the text all these details contribute to close to his ear the teaching of the liberation overwhelming emotional impressions just through hearing an elaborate offering listening in a relaxed open and attentive should be made to the three jewels if the state of mind will make us receptive to the materials are available but if they are not inner meaning and we will be able to available one should set out whatever there recognize them as experiences in our own is and visualize the rest without limit one lives and understand their symbolism should say the inspiration prayer calling on intuitively the Tibetan Book of the Dead the Buddha's and Bodhisattvas for rescue homage to the gurus the three kaya's seven or three times then loudly recite the Amitabha infinite light the Dharmakaya inspiration prayer for the deliverance from peaceful and wrathful Lotus deities the the dangerous pathway of the Bardo and sambhogakaya Padma Sam bhava the main verses of the Bardo then read the protector of beings the nirmanakaya this great liberation through hearing seven or great liberation through hearing the means three times it is in three parts showing the of liberation in the Bardo for yoga pnes of luminosity in the Bardo of the moment average capacities he's in three parts the before death the great reminder of showing in the Bardo of Dharma tah and the breath is heard one should lay him down on instructions for closing the entrance to the the right side in the Lian position and firmly womb of becoming first showing the press the two pulsating arteries which luminosity in the Bardo of the moment induce sleep until they have stopped before death by having this read to them all throbbing then the prana which has entered kinds of ordinary people who have received the duty will not be able to go back and will teachings but have not recognized although be certain to emerge through the they are intelligent or who have recognized brahmarandra now the showing should be but have practice little will recognize the read at this time the first Bardo which is basic luminosity and bypass the Bardo called the luminosity of Dharma tah the experience to reach the unoriginal undistorted mind of the Dharmakaya arises dharmakaya the method of instruction it is in the mind of all beings ordinary people call best if his principle guru from whom he this state unconscious because the prana requested teaching can be present but sinks into the avid duty during the interval otherwise a Dharma brother or sister with between the ceasing of the breath and of whom he has taken the samaya vowel or a the pulsation the time it lasts is uncertain spiritual friend in the same lineage if none of depending on a spiritual condition and the these are to be found then someone who state of yogic training it lasts for a long time can read aloud clearly and precisely should in those who have practiced much were read it several times this will remind him of steady in the meditation practice of what his guru has shown him and he will tranquility and sensitive in striving to show immediately recognize the basic luminosity such a person one should repeat the and be liberated there is no doubt the time instruction until pus comes out from the of instruction when respiration has ceased apertures of his body in wicked and prana is absorbed into the wisdom duty and insensitive people it does not last longer luminosity free from complexities shines than a single snapping of the fingers but in clearly in the consciousness if prana is some it lasts for the time taken to eat a meal reversed and escapes into the right and left as most sutras and tantras say that this nahdi's the Bardo State appears suddenly unconscious state lasts for four and a half so the reading should take place before the days generally one should strive to show prana escapes into the right and left nahdi's the luminosity for that length of time the the length of time during which the inner method of instruction if he is able he will pulsation remains after respiration has work with himself from the instructions ceased is just about the time taken to eat a already given but if he cannot by himself meal the method of instruction it is best if than his guru or a disciple of his guru or a ejection of consciousness is affected when Dharma brother or sister who was a close the respiration is just about to stop but if it friend should stay nearby and read aloud has not been affected one should say these clearly the sequence of the signs of death words Oh child of noble family now the time now the sign of earth dissolving into water is has come for you to seek a path as soon as present water into fire fire into air air into your breath stops what is called the basic consciousness when the sequence is luminosity of the first Bardo which your guru almost completed he should be encouraged has already shown you will appear to you to adopt an attitude like this Oh child of this is the Dharma taw open and empty like noble family or if he was a guru Oh sir do space luminous void pure naked mind not let your thoughts wander this should be without center or circumference recognized spoken softly in his ear in the case of a then and rest in that state and I too will Dharma brother or sister or anyone else one show you at the same time this should be should call him by name and say these firmly implanted in his mind by repeating it words Oh child of noble family that which is many times over in his ear until he stops called death has now arrived and you breathing then when the ceasing of the should adopt this attitude I have arrived at the time of death so now by means of this the Buddha of immortal light to recognize death I will adopt only the attitude of the this is all that is necessary when you enlightened state of mind friendliness and recognize this pure nature of your mind as compassion and attain perfect the Buddha looking into your own mind is enlightenment for the sake of all sentient resting in the Buddha mind this should be beings as limitless as space with this repeated three or seven times clearly and attitude at this special time for the sake of precisely firstly it will remind him of what he all sentient beings I will recognize the has previously been shown by his guru luminosity of death as the Dharmakaya and secondly he will recognize his own naked attaining in that state the supreme mind as the luminosity and thirdly having realization of the great symbol I will act for recognized himself he will become the good of all beings if I do not attain this I inseparably united with the Dharmakaya will recognize the bardo state as it is and certainly attain liberation if he entertaining the indivisible great symbol recognizes the first luminosity he will be form in the Bardo I will act for the good of all liberated but if it is feared that he has not beings as limitless as space in whatever recognized the first luminosity then what is way will influence them without letting go of called the second luminosity will shine and this attitude you should remember and that comes when a little more than the time practice whatever meditation teaching you taken to eat a meal has passed after the have received in the past these words respiration has ceased according to good or should be spoken distinctly with the lips bad karma the prana escapes into the right close to his ears so as to remind him of his or left Nadi and comes out through the practice without letting his attention wander apertures of the body and the for even a moment then when respiration consciousness suddenly becomes clear to has completely stopped one should firmly say that this lasts for the time taken to eat a press the arteries of sleep and remind him meal depends on whether he is sensitive or with these words if he was a guru or a insensitive and on whether or not he has spiritual friend higher than oneself sir now practiced then his consciousness emerges the basic luminosity is shining before you and he does not know whether he is dead recognize it and rest in the practice and one or not he will see his relatives gathered should show all others like this Oh child of there just as before and hear their cries noble family listen now the pure luminosity during this time when the violent confused of the Dharma taw is shining before you projections of karma have not yet appeared recognize it Oh child of Noble family at this and the terrors of the lords of death have moment your state of mind is by nature of not yet come the instructions should be pure emptiness it does not possess any given here there is a distinction between the nature whatever neither substance nor perfection stage and the generation stage if qualities such as color but it is pure he was working on the perfection stage one emptiness this is the Dhamma taw the should calls name three times and repeat female Buddha samantabhadra but this the instructions given above for showing the state of mind is not just blank emptiness it is luminosity if he was working on the unobstructed sparkling pure and vibrant this generation stage one should read aloud the mind is the male Buddha samantabhadra sadhana and description of his Adam and these to your mind whose nature is remind him with these words Oh child of emptiness without any substance whatever noble family meditate on your yidam and do and your mind which is vibrant and not be distracted concentrate intensely on luminous are inseparable this is the your yadamma visualize him as an Dharmakaya of the Buddha this mind of appearance without substance of his own yours is inseparable luminosity and like the moon in water do not visualize him emptiness in the form of a great mass of as having a solid form if he is an ordinary light it has no birth or death therefore it is person one should show him by saying meditate on the lord of great compassion weeping his share of food is stopped his there is no doubt that those who have not clothes are removed his bed is taken to recognized the Bardo will grasp it by being pieces and so on he can see them but they shown in this way but those who were not cannot see him and he can hear them adept in meditation even if they were shown calling him but they cannot hear him calling by their guru while they were still alive will them so he goes away in despair three not be able to clarify the Bardo state by phenomena will appear at this time sounds themselves so that their guru or Dharma colored lights and rays of light and he will brother or sister must make it clear and it is grow faint with fear terror and bewilderment necessary for someone to instruct those so at this moment the great showing of the who cannot remember during the Bardo of Bardo of da Mata should be read calling the the moment before death because they dead person by name one should say these were confused by serious illness even words very distinctly Oh child of noble family though they were adept in meditation it is listened carefully without distraction there also extremely necessary for those who are six bardos states the Bardo of birth the although they were formerly adept in Bardo of dreams the Bardo of Samadhi meditation on this path may enter into lower meditation the Bardo of the moment before existences because they have broken the death the Bardo of Dharma tah and the precepts or because their samaya practice Bardo of becoming a child of noble family has degenerated it is best if he understands you will experience three Bardo States the during the first Bardo but if he has not Bardo of the moment before death the understood his insight is awakened by the Bardo of Dharma tah and the Bardo of reminder in the second Bardo and he will be becoming of these three the luminosity of liberated during the second Bardo his Dharma tah in the Bardo of the moment consciousness which did not know whether before death shown until yesterday but you he was dead or not suddenly becomes clear did not recognize it and so you had to this is called the pure illusory body if he wander here now you will experience the understands the teaching at this time the Bardo of Dharma tah and the bardo of mother and son Dharma ta's meet and he is becoming so recognize what I will show you no longer dominated by karma just as the without distraction Oh child of noble family light of the Sun overcomes darkness so the now what is called death has arrived you power of karma is overcome by the are not alone in leaving this world it luminosity of the path and liberation is happens to everyone so do not feel desire attained this which is called the second and yearning for this life even if you feel Bardo flashes before the mental body and desire and yearning you cannot stay you the consciousness is able to hear again just can only wander in samsara do not desire as before if this instruction is understood at do not yearn remember the three jewels Oh this time its purpose is fulfilled and since the child of noble family whatever terrifying confused projections of karma have not yet projections appear in the Bardo of Dharma appeared he is able to direct himself tah do not forget these words but go forward anywhere in this way he is liberated by remembering their meaning the essential recognizing the luminosity during the point is to recognize with them now when second Bardo even if he did not recognize the Bardo of Dharma tah dawns upon me I the basic luminosity but if he is not liberated will abandon all thoughts of fear and terror I by it then what is called the third Bardo the will recognize whatever appears as my Bardo of Dharma taw arises the confused projection and know it to be a vision of the projections of karma will appear in the third Bardo now that I have reached this crucial Bardo so it is most important that the great point I will not fear the peaceful and wrathful showing of the Bardo of Dharma taw is read ones my own projections go forward saying at this time for it is very powerful and helpful these words clearly and distinctly and at this time his relatives are crying and remembering their meaning do not forget them for the essential point is to recognize pierce you so that your eyes cannot bear it with certainty that whatever appears at the same time together with it the soft however terrifying is your own projection Oh white light of the Gods will also come child of noble family when your body and towards you and pierce you at that time mind separate the Dharma tar will appear under the influence of bad karma you will be pure and clear yet hard to discern luminous terrified and escape from the wisdom of the and brilliant with terrifying brightness Dharma da - with its bright blue light but you shimmering like a mirage on a plain in will feel an emotion of pleasure towards the spring do not be afraid of it do not be soft white light of the gods at that moment bewildered this is the natural radiance of do not be frightened and bewildered by the your own Dharma tah therefore recognize it luminous brilliant very sharp and clear blue a great roar of thunder will come from within light of supreme wisdom for it is the light ray the light the natural sound of Dharma taw of the Buddha which is called the wisdom of like a thousand thunderclaps simultaneously the Dharma to be drawn to it with faith and this is the natural sound of your Dharma taw devotion and supplicated thinking it is the so do not be afraid or bewildered you have light ray of blessed vyro China's what is called a mental body of unconscious compassion I take refuge in it it is blessed tendencies you have no physical body of by Rocinha coming to invite you to the flesh and blood so whatever sounds colors dangerous pathway of the Bardo it is the and rays of light occur they cannot hurt you light ray of viral China's compassion do not and you cannot die it is enough simply to take pleasure in the soft white light of the recognize them as your projections know gods do not be attracted to it or yearn for it if this to be the Bardo state Oh child of noble you are attracted to it you will wander in the family if you do not recognize them in this realm of the gods and circle among the six way as your own projections whatever kinds of existence it is an obstacle blocking meditation practice you have done during the path of liberation so do not look at it but your life if you have not met with his feel longing for the bright blue light and teaching the colored lights will frighten you repeat this inspiration prayer after me with the sounds will be will to you and the rays of intense concentration on blessed virasana light will terrify you if you do not understand when through intense ignorant sigh wander this essential point of the teaching you will in samsara on the luminous light path of the not recognize the sounds lights and rays Dharma - wisdom may blessed viro chana and so you will wander in samsara Oh child go before me his consort the queen of of noble family after being unconscious for Vadra space behind me helped me to cross four and a half days you will move on and the Bardot's dangerous pathway and bring awakening from your faint you will wonder me to the perfect Buddha state by saying what has happened to you so recognize it this inspiration prayer with deep devotion he as the Bardo state at that time samsara is will dissolve into rainbow light in the heart of reversed and everything you see appears blessed Verona and his consort and as lights and images the whole of space will become a sambhogakaya Buddha in the shine with a blue light and blessed Viro central realm the densely arrayed but if China will appear before you from the even after being shown he is afraid of the central realm all pervading circle his body is lights and the because of his aggression white in color he sits on a lion throne and vales of error and he escapes and if he holding an eight spoked wheel in his hand is confused even after saying the prayer and embracing his consort the queen of then on the second day Vajrasattva circle of Vajra space the blue light of the skanda of deities will come to invite him together with consciousness in its basic purity the wisdom his bad karma which leads to hell so to of the Dharma da2 luminous clear sharp show him one should call the dead person and brilliant will come towards you from the by name and say these words Oh child of heart of erosion ah and his consort and noble family listen without distraction on the second day a white light the purified me his concert buddha lo channa behind element of water will shine and at the same me helped me to cross the Bardot's time the Blessed Vadra saatvik shabbiha dangerous pathway and bring me to the will appear before you from the eastern perfect buddha state by saying this realm of complete joy his body is blue in inspiration prayer with deep devotion he will color he holds a five-pointed Vadra in his dissolve into rainbow light in the heart of hand and sits on an elephant throne Blessed Virgin satva and become a embracing his consorts Buddha Luciana he sambhogakaya buddha in the eastern realm is accompanied by the two male of complete joy yet even after being shown Bodhisattvas kshitigarbha and my trail and in this way some people are afraid of the the two female Bodhisattvas lasya and light ray hook of compassion because of Pushpa so that six Buddhas forms appear their pride and veils of error and they the white light of this ganda of form in its escape so then on the third day blessed basic purity the mirror like wisdom dazzling rottenness on bhavas circle of deities will white luminous and clear will come towards come to invite them together with the light you from the heart of Vajrasattva and his path to the human realm so to show him consort and pierces so that your eyes again one should call the dead person by cannot bear to look at it at the same time name and say these words old child of together with the wisdom light the soft noble family listen without distraction on the smoky light of hell beings will also come third day a yellow light the purified element towards you and pierce you at that time of Earth will shine and at the same time under the influence of aggression you will blessed rottenness imbaba will appear be terrified and escape from the brilliant before you from the yellow southern realm white light that you will feel an emotion of the glorious his body is yellow in color he pleasure towards the soft smoky light of the holds a wish-fulfilling jewel in his hand and hell beings at that moment do not be afraid sits on a horse throne embracing his of the sharp brilliant luminous and clear consort Mamaki he is accompanied by the white light but recognize it as wisdom be two male Bodhisattvas Akasha Garba and drawn to it with faith and longing and samantabhadra and the two female supplicate it thinking it is the light ray of Bodhisattvas mala and dupa so that six Blessed Vajrasattva is compassion I take Buddha forms appear out of the space of refuge in it it is blessed Vajrasattva coming rainbow light the yellow light of the skanda to invite you to the terrors of the Bardo it is of feeling in its basic purity the wisdom of the light ray who of Vajrasattva x' equality brilliant yellow adorned with disks of compassion so feel longing for it do not take light luminous and clear unbearable to the pleasure in the soft smoky light of the hell eyes will come towards you from the heart beings this is the inviting path of the veils of of rottenness on bhava and his consort and error accumulated by your violent pierce your heart so that your eyes cannot aggression if you are attracted to it you will bear to look at it at the same time together fall down into hell and sink into the muddy with the wisdom light the soft blue light of swamp of embarrassing for which there is human beings will also pierce your heart at never any escape it is an obstacle blocking that time under the influence of pride you the path of liberation so do not look at it but will be terrified and escape from the sharp give up aggression do not be attracted to it clear yellow light but you will feel an do not yearn for it feel longing for the emotion of pleasure and attraction towards luminous brilliant white light and say this the soft blue light of human beings at that inspiration prayer with intense concentration moment do not be afraid of the yellow light on blessed Vegas offer when through luminous and clear sharp and bright but intense aggression I wander in samsara on recognize it as wisdom let your mind rest in the luminous light path of the mirror like it relaxed in a state of non action and be wisdom may blessed Vajrasattva go before drawn to it with longing if you recognize it as the natural radiance of your own mind even meanness to show him again one should though you do not feel devotion and do not call the dead person by name and say these say the inspiration prayer all the forms and words Oh child of noble family listen without lights and rays will merge inseparably with distraction on the fourth day a red light the you and you will attain enlightenment if you purified element of fire will shine and at the cannot recognize it as the natural radiance same time blessed Amitabha will appear of your own mind supplicated with devotion before you from the red western realm the thinking it is the light ray of blessed Ratna blissful his body is red in color he holds a some Baba's compassion I take refuge in it lotus in his hand and sits on a peacock it is the light ray hook of blessed Ratna son throne embracing his consort Pandora Baba's compassion so feel longing for it do vaasana' he is accompanied by the two not take pleasure in the soft blue light of male Bodhisattvas Avalokitesvara and human beings that is the inviting light path manjushri and the two female Bodhisattvas of unconscious tendencies accumulated by Geeta and Aloka so that six Buddha forms your intense pride if you are attracted to it appear out of the space of rainbow light the you will fall into the human realm and red light of the skanda of perception in its experience birth old age death and suffering basic purity the wisdom of discrimination and never escape from the muddy swamp brilliant red adorned with disks of light of samsara it is an obstacle blocking the luminous and clear sharp and bright will path of liberation so do not look at it but give come from the heart of Amitabha and his up pride give up your unconscious consort and pierce your heart so that your tendencies do not be attracted to it do not eyes cannot bear to look at it do not be yearn for it feel longing for the luminous afraid of it at the same time together with brilliant white light and say this inspiration the wisdom light the soft yellow light of the prayer with intense one-pointed hungry ghosts will also shine do not take concentration on Blessed rottenness on pleasure in it give up desire and yearning at bhava when through intense pride I wander that time under the influence of intense in samsara on the luminous light path of the desire you will be terrified and escape from wisdom of equality may blessed Ratna the sharp bright red light but you will feel Sambhav ago before me his consort pleasure and attraction towards the soft Mamaki behind me helped me to cross the yellow light of the hungry ghosts at that Bardot's dangerous pathway and bring me moment do not fear the red light sharp and to the perfect buddha state by saying this brilliant luminous and clear but recognize it inspiration prayer with deep devotion he will as wisdom let your mind rest in it relaxed in dissolve into rainbow light in the heart of a state of non action be drawn to it with faith blessed rod Nizam bhava and his consort and longing if you recognize it as your own and become a sambhogakaya buddha in natural radiance even if you do not feel the southern realm the glorious by being devotion and do not say the inspiration shown in this way liberation is certain prayer all the forms and lights and rays will however weak one's capacities may be yet merge in separably with you and you will even after being shown like this many times attain enlightenment if you cannot recognize there are people whose good opportunities it in this way supplicated with devotion have run out such as those who have done thinking it is the light ray of blessed great evil or let their samaya practice amitabha's compassion I take refuge in it it degenerate who will not recognize disturbed is the light ray hook of blessed amitabha's by desire and veils of error they will be compassion feel devotion do not escape afraid of the sounds and lights and will even if you escape it will stay with you escape so then on the fourth day blessed inseparably do not be afraid do not be amitabha's circle of deities will come to attracted to the soft yellow light of the invite them together with the light path of the hungry ghosts that is the light path of hungry ghosts built from desire and unconscious tendencies accumulated by your intense desire if you are attracted to it Buddha forms appear out of the space of you will fall into the realm of the hungry rainbow light the green light of the skanda of ghosts and experience unbearable misery concept in its basic purity the action from hunger and thirst it is an obstacle accomplishing wisdom brilliant green blocking the path of liberation so do not be luminous and clear sharp and terrifying attracted to it but give up your unconscious adorned with disks of light will come from tendencies do not yearn for it feel longing the heart of a Moga City and his consort for the luminous brilliant red light and say and pierce your heart so that your eyes this inspiration prayer with intense one- cannot bear to look at it do not be afraid of it pointed concentration unblessed Amitabha it is the spontaneous play of your own mind and his consort when through intense desire so rest in the supreme state free from I wander in samsara on the luminous light activity and care in which there is no near or path of discriminating wisdom may Blessed far love or hate at the same time together Amitabha go before me his concert Pandora with the wisdom light the soft red light of the Vasa nee behind me and helped me to jealous gods caused by envy will also shine cross the Bardot's dangerous pathway and on you meditate so that there is no bring me to the perfect Buddhist date by difference between love and hate but if your saying this inspiration prayer with deep intelligence is weak then simply do not take devotion he will dissolve into rainbow light in pleasure in it at that time under the the heart of Blessed Amitabha infinite light influence of intense Envy you will be with his consort and become a terrified and escape from the sharp brilliant sambhogakaya Buddha in the Western green light but you will also feel pleasure realm the blissful it is impossible not to be and attraction towards the soft red light of liberated by this yet even after being shown the jealous gods at that moment do not be in this way sentient beings cannot give up afraid of the green light sharp and brilliant their unconscious tendencies because of luminous and clear but recognize it as long habituation and under the influence of wisdom let your mind rest in it relaxed in a envy and evil karma they are afraid of the state of non action and supplicated with sounds and lights they are not caught by the devotion thinking it is the light ray of blessed light ray hook of compassion but wander omocha city's compassion I take refuge in it downwards to the fifth day of the Bardo it is the light ray Hook of blessed omocha state so then blessed a Moga cities circle of city's compassion called the action deities with their light rays of compassion accomplishing wisdom so long for it and do will come to invite them and the light path of not escape even if you escape it will stay the jealous gods built from the emotion of with you inseparably do not be afraid of it do envy will also invite them then to show him not be attracted to the soft red light of the again one should call the dead person by jealous gods that is the inviting path of name and say these words Oh child of karma accumulated by your intense Envy if noble family listen without distraction on the you are attracted to it you will fall into the fifth day a green light the purified element of realm of the jealous gods and experience air will shine and at the same time blessed a unbearable misery from fighting and Moga City Lord of the circle will appear quarreling it is an obstacle blocking the path before you from the green northern realm of liberation so do not be attracted to it but accumulated actions his body is green in give up your unconscious tendencies filled color he holds a double Vajra in his hand longing for the luminous brilliant green light and sits on a throne of Shang Shang birds and say this inspiration prayer with intense soaring in the sky embracing his consort one-pointed concentration of blessed de samaya tara he is accompanied by the two mogi city and his consort won through male bodhisattva vajrapani and sahrvin intense Envy I wander in samsara on the ivanovich combin and the two female luminous light path of action accomplishing Bodhisattvas ganda and NVIDIA so that six wisdom may blessed a Moga city go before me his consorts samaya tara behind me Buddha Vajrasattva with his consort and helped me to cross the Bardot's dangerous attendants will appear from the eastern pathway and bring me to the perfect buddha realm complete joy the Buddha Ratna Sam state by saying this inspiration prayer with bhava with his consort and attendants will deep devotion he will dissolve into rainbow appear from the southern realm the glorious light in the heart of blessed omocha city and the Buddha Amitabha with his consort and his consort and become a sambhogakaya attendants will appear from the Western buddha in the northern realm perfected blissful realm of lotuses and the Buddha a actions however weak his good karmic Moga City with his consort and attendants results may be by being shown like this in will appear from the northern realm many stages if he does not recognize it one perfected actions out of the space of he will add another so it is impossible not to rainbow light Oh child of noble family be liberated but even after being shown in beyond those buddhas of the five families this way many times those who have been the wrathful guardians of the gates will also obituaries tendencies for a long time and appear Vijaya the victorious Yamantaka have never become familiar with the pure destroyer of death hayagreeva the horse visions of the five wisdoms are carried necked and amrita Kundalini and the female backwards by their bad tendencies even guardians of the gates on Cuccia the hook though they are shown so they are not Pacha the noose shun kala the chain and caught by the light ray hook of compassion gonta the bell the six sages the blessed but become beware and frightened by the ones will also appear Indra of the hundred lights and rays and wander down words so sacrifices sage of the Gods vemma Chitra then on the sixth day the Buddha's of the splendid robe sage of the jealous gods the five families with their consorts and Lion of the shakyas sage of human beings attendant deities will appear simultaneously Dhruva Singh ha steadfast lion sage of the and at the same time the lights of the six animals valor mukha flaming mouth sage of realms will also shine simultaneously to the hungry ghosts and dharmaraja the show him one should call the dead person Dharma King sage of the hell beings by name and say these words Oh child of Samantabhadra and samantabhadra the all noble family listen without distraction even good father and mother of all the Buddha's though you were shown when the light of will also appear these 42 deities of the each of the five families appeared until sambhogakaya will emerge from within your yesterday under the influence of bad own heart and appear before you they are tendencies you were bewildered by them the pure form of your own projections so and so you have remained here until now if recognize them Oh child of noble family you had recognized the natural radiance of those realms to do not exist anywhere else the wisdoms of those five families as your but lie in the four directions of your heart own projection you would have dissolved with the center as fifth and now they emerge into rainbow light in the body of one of the from within your heart and appear before five families and become a sambhogakaya you those images - do not come from Buddha but because you did not recognize anywhere else but are the primordial you have gone on wandering here until this spontaneous play of your mind so recognize time so now watch without distraction now them in this way Oh child of noble family the five families will appear all together and those images are neither large nor small but what is called the four wisdoms combined perfectly proportioned they each have their will come to invite you recognize them Oh own adornments their costume their color child of Noble family the four colored lights their posture their throne and their symbol of the four purified elements will shine at the they are spread out in five couples each of same time the Buddha Verona and his the five is encircled by of the five colored consort will appear just as before from the lights the whole mandala the male and central realm all pervading circle the female deities of the families will appear completely all at once recognize them for experiences and so you will recognize them they are your yidams a child of noble family like the meeting of mother and son or like from the heart of those buddhas of the five seeing old friends again as though cutting families in their consorts the light rays of the off doubt you will recognize your own four wisdoms will each shine upon your projections and enter the pure changeless heart very fine and clear like sunbeams path of the Dharma table and through that stretched out first the wisdom of the dharma faith a continuous meditative state will arise due to a cloth of luminous white light rays and you will dissolve into the great self brilliant and terrifying will shine upon your existing form of wisdom and become a heart from the heart of virocana in this cloth sambhogakaya Buddha who never falls of light rays a sparkling white disc will back Oh child of Noble family together with appear very clear and bright like a mirror the wisdom lights the lights of the impure facing downwards adorned with five discs the losery six realms will shine the soft white like itself ornamented with discs and smaller light of the gods the soft red light of the discs so that it has no center or jealous gods the soft blue light of human circumference from the heart of Vajrasattva beings the soft green light of the animals the on a luminous blue cloth of the mirror like soft yellow light of the hungry ghosts and wisdom will appear a blue disc like a the soft smoky light of hell beings these six turquoise bowl face downwards adorned will shine together with the pure wisdom with discs and smaller discs from the heart lights at that moment do not grasp or be of rottenness an bhava on the luminous attracted to any of them but stay relaxed in yellow cloth of the wisdom of equality will a state free from thought if you are afraid of appear a yellow disc like a golden bowl face the pure wisdom lights and attracted to the downwards adorned with disks and smaller impure lights of the six realms you will take disks from the heart of Amitabha on the on the body of a creature of the six realms luminous red cloth of the wisdom of and you will grow weary for there is never discrimination will appear a sparkling red any escape from the great ocean of the disc like a coral Bowl face downwards misery of samsara Oh child of noble family if shining with the deep light of wisdom very you have not been shown by a gurus clear and bright adorned with five disks like instruction you will be afraid of those images itself ornamented with disks and smaller and pure wisdom lights and attracted to the disks so that it has no center or impure lights of samsara do not do so but circumference they too will shine upon your feel devotion to the pure wisdom lights heart o child of noble family these also have sharp and brilliant think with devotion the arisen out of the spontaneous play of your light rays of the wisdom and compassion of own mind they have not come from the Blessed ones the Buddha's of the five anywhere else so do not be attracted to families have come to cease me with them do not fear them but stay relaxed in a compassion I take refuge in them do not be state free from thought in that state all the attracted to the lights of the six realms of images and light rays will merge with you illusion do not yearn for them but say this and you will attain enlightenment Oh child of inspiration prayer with intense one pointed noble family the green light of action concentration on the buddhas of the five accomplishing wisdom does not appear families and their consorts when through the because the energy of your wisdom is not five poisons I wander in samsara on the yet fully matured Oh child of noble family luminous light path of the four wisdoms this is called the experience of the four combined may the conquerors the five wisdoms combined the passageway of families go before me the consorts of the Vajrasattva at this time remember your five families behind me save me from the gurus previous teachings on the showing if light paths of the six impure realms help me you remember the meaning of the showing to cross the Bardot's dangerous pathway you will have faith in your earlier and bring me to the five pure Buddha realms by saying this inspiration prayer the gazing at the sky from the west of the superior person recognizes his own mandala he who is called the great symbol projections and merging with non-duality vidyadhara will appear red in color with a becomes a Buddha the average person radiant smiling face embracing his consort recognizes himself through intense devotion the red Dakini dancing with a crescent knife and attains liberation even the inferior in his skull full of blood gesturing and gazing person prevents rebirth in the six realms by at the sky from the north of the mandala he the purifying power of the prayer and who was called the spontaneously arisen understanding the meaning of the four vidyadhara will appear green in color his wisdoms combined attains enlightenment by expression both angry and smiling the passageway of Vajrasattva by being embracing his consort the green Dakini shown clearly and precisely in this way dancing with a crescent knife in a skull full many sentient beings will recognize and be of blood gesturing and gazing at the sky liberated but some such as inferior people in beyond these vidyadharas will appear uncivilized places and wicked people who countless crowds of dakinis dakinis of the have no experience of Dharma at all and eight charnel grounds dakinis of the four those who have let their samaya practice to families dakinis of the three worlds dakinis generate are confused by their karma and of the ten directions dakinis of the twenty- do not recognize even when they are shown four places of pilgrimage male and female but wander downwards so on the seventh warriors and servants and all the male and day the vidyadharas will come from the pure female protectors of dharma wearing the six realm of space to invite them and at the bone ornaments with drums thighbone same time the light path of the animals trumpets skull drums banners made from produced from the emotion of ignorance will the skins of youths canopies made from also meet them at that time to show him human skin ribbons of human skin and again one should call the dead person by incense made from human flesh with name and say these words Oh child of countless different kinds of musical noble family listen without distraction on the instruments filling all the regions of the seventh day a pure many colored light will universe so that they rock and tremble and shine in your unconscious mind and the shake making all the instruments vibrate vidyadharas will come from the pure realm with music so as to split one's head dancing of space to invite you in the center of the various dances they will come to invite mandala filled with rainbow light he who is those who have kept the samaya practice called the unsurpassable fully-developed and to punish those who have let it vidyadhara lotus lord of the dance will degenerate Oh child of noble family in the appear his body bright with the five colours realm of the unconscious the pure innate embracing his consort the red Dakini wisdom shining with the five colored lights dancing with a crescent knife and a skull full like coloured threads twisted together of blood gesturing and gazing at the sky flashing vibrating shimmering luminous and from the east of the mandala he who is clear sharp and terrifying will come from the called the vidyadhara established in the hearts of the five vidyadhara Lords and stages will appear white in color with a pierce your heart so that the eye cannot radiant smiling face embracing his consort bear it at the same time the soft green light the white bikini dancing with a crescent of the animals will also shine together with knife and his skull full of blood gesturing and the wisdom light at that time under the gazing at the sky from the south of the influence of confusion caused by mandala he who is called the lord of life unconscious tendencies you will be afraid vidyadhara will appear yellow in color with and escape from the five coloured light but beautiful form embracing his consort the you will be attracted to this soft light of the yellow Dakini dancing with a crescent knife animals at that moment do not be afraid of and a skull full of blood gesturing and the bright sharp five coloured light do not fear it but recognize it as wisdom from the moment before death and showing within the light all the spontaneous sounds during the peaceful Bardo of the Dharma of the Dharma will come like the roar of a tah et samaya yah yah yah now it will be thousand thunderclaps it rolls and thunders taught how the border of the wrathful deities and resounds with war cries in the appears up to now there have been seven penetrating sound of wrathful mantras do stages in the dangerous pathway of the not be afraid of it do not escape do not fear Bardo of the peaceful deities and by being recognize it as the play of your mind your shown at each of the stages even if he has own projection so not be attracted to the not recognized at one he will have at soft green light of the animals do not yearn another and boundless attainments of for it if you are attracted to it you will fall into liberation occur but although many are the animal realm of ignorance and liberated like this sentient beings are great experience the extreme suffering of stupidity in number that karma is very strong the veils dumbness and slavery from which there is of error are heavy and thick the no escape so do not be attracted to it feel unconscious tendencies last for a long time longing for the clear bright light of the five and this cycle of confusion and ignorance colors and concentrate one pointedly the neither wears out nor increases so there are Blessed vidyadharas the divine teachers many who are not liberated but wandered thinking these vidya Dara's with the downwards although they have been shown Warriors and dakinis have come to invite accurately in this way so then after the me to the pure realm of space please all meeting by the peaceful deities and the give thought to sentient beings like me who section doors and dakinis is over the fifty- have not gathered merit and have not been eight blazing blood-drinking wrathful deities caught although until the light rays of will appear transformed from the previous compassion of so many deities of the five peaceful deities but now they are not like families of Buddhas of past present and they were before this is the Bardo of the future reached out alas for one like me now wrathful deities so one is overpowered by all you vidyadharas do not let me go any intense fear and it becomes more difficult to lower than this but grasp me with your recognize the mind has no self-control and hooks of compassion and pull me up quickly feels faint and dizzy but if there is a little to the pure realm of space with intense one- recognition liberation is easy because with pointed concentration say this inspiration the arising of overwhelming fear the mind prayer may the divine vidyadharas think of has no time to be distracted and so it me and with great love lead me on the path concentrates one pointedly if one does not when through intense tendencies I wander meet with this kind of teaching now even a in samsara on the luminous light path of the notion of learning will be of no use at this innate wisdom may vidyadharas and point even teachers who observe the warriors go before me their consorts that monastic rule and great philosophers are aki-nee's behind me helped me to cross the confused and do not recognize so they go Bardot's dangerous pathway and bring me on wandering in samsara it is even more so to the pure realm of space by saying this for ordinary people escaping from the inspiration prayer with deep devotion he will intense fear they fall into the lower realms dissolve into rainbow light in the heart of the and suffer misery but a Tantra kyogen even Divine vidyadharas and be born in the pure if he is the lowest of the low will recognize realm of space there is no doubt all the the blood-drinking deities as he atoms as types of spiritual friends to recognize as a soon as he sees them like meeting old result of this and are all liberated even those friends so he will trust them and merging with bad and conscious tendencies are inseparably with them become a Buddha certainly liberated here the end of the first secret is that in the human world he part of the great liberation through hearing visualized the forms of these blood drinking showing the luminosity during the Bardo at deities and worshipped them and even if he only looked at their images drawn in followers of Tantra who have left their pictures or three-dimensional figures and so samaya practice degenerate and all on he will recognize the forms appearing ordinary people have no means except this here and attained liberation but however great liberation through hearing meditators much effort the philosophers and teachers who have practiced the great symbol and who observed the rule made in religious great completion meditations and so on will practice and however clever they were at recognize the luminosity in the Bardo of the preaching the scriptures in the human world moment before death and reach the when they die there will not be any signs Dharmakaya so it is absolutely unnecessary such as jewel like relics rainbows and so on to read this great liberation through hearing while they were alive they cast abuse at the if they recognize the luminosity during the tantras and could not accommodate them in Bardo of the moment before death they will their minds they did not know the tantric reach the Dharmakaya if they recognize deities therefore they cannot recognize during the Bardo of Dharma tah when the them when they appear in a Bardo either peaceful and wrathful deities appear they suddenly seeing something they have never will reach the sambhogakaya if they seen before they think of it as an enemy recognize during the Bardo of becoming and feel aggression towards it and as a they will reach the nirmanakaya and be born result they go to the lower realms that is the in a better situation where they will meet reason why however good those with this teaching and since the results of philosophers and observers of the rule were actions continue into the next life that is why since they did not practice the tantras signs this great liberation through hearing is a such as various kinds of jewel like relics and teaching which enlightens without rainbows do not occur among them he meditation a teaching which liberates just by follower of Tantra even if he is the lowest of being heard a teaching which leads great the low however coarsely he behaved in this sinners on the secret path a teaching which world and however uncultured and severs ignorance in one moment a profound unrefined he was even if he was unable to teaching which gives perfect instantaneous practice the tantric teachings just because enlightenment so that sentient beings whom he had faith in the Tantra and did not have it has reached cannot possibly go to lower any doubt or disbelief will attain liberation at existences both it and the liberation through this point so although his behavior was wearing should be read aloud for the two unconventional in the human world when he combined are like a golden mandala inlaid dies at least one sign such as jewel like with turquoise now that the great necessity relics or rainbows will appear this is of the liberation through hearing has been because this tantric teaching has very great taught in this way it will be shown how the power tantric yoga n--'s who are above Bardo of the wrathful deities appears calling average who have meditated on the the dead person three times by name one visualization and complete practices and should say these words Oh child of noble practice recitation of heart mantras and so family listen without distraction although the on need not wander so far down in the Bardo of the peaceful deities has already Bardo of Dharma tah but as soon as they appeared you did not recognize so you stop breathing the section drehs warriors have wandered further on to hear now on and dakinis will invite them to the pure the eighth day the blood-drinking wrathful realm of space as a sign of this the sky deities will appear recognize them without clears and they dissolve into rainbow light being distracted Oh child of noble family he and rain of flowers fragrance of incense who is called glorious Great Buddha Haruka sounds of musical instruments in the air will emerge from within your own brain and light rays jewel-like relics and so on appear appear before you actually and clearly his these are the signs therefore those body is wine colored with three heads six philosophers and observers of the rule arms and four legs spread wide apart the right face is white the left one red and the a skull cup in the middle and a plowshare in center one wine colored his body blazes like the last his consort Vajra crody chiavari a mass of light his nine eyes gaze into yours embraces his body with her right hand with a wrathful expression his eyebrows are clasped around his neck and her left hand like flashes of lightning his teeth gleam like holding a skull full of blood to his mouth do copper he laughs aloud with shouts of Lala not be afraid of him do not be terrified do and haha and sends out loud whistling not be bewildered recognize him as the noises of sure his red gold hair flies form of your own mind he is your yidam so upwards blazing his heads are crowned with do not be afraid he is really blessed Vadra dried skulls and the Sun and Moon his body satva with his consort so have devotion is garland with black serpents and fresh recognition and liberation are simultaneous skulls his six hands holding wheel in the first when this is said he will recognize the atom hand on the right an axe in the middle and a and merging inseparably with it become a sword in the last a bell in the first on the left Buddha in the sambhogakaya but if those a plowshare in the middle and a skullcap in whose karmic darkness is great are afraid of the last his consort Buddha Pradesh fairy it and escape and so do not recognize then embraces his body with her right hand on the tenth day the blood-drinking clasped around his neck in her left hand manifestation of the rotten a family will holding a skull full of blood to his mouth he come to invite them so to show him again sends out loud palatal sounds and roaring one should call the dead person by name sounds of thunder flames of wisdom shoot and say these words Oh child of noble out from between the blazing Vajra hairs of family listen without distraction on the tenth his body he stands on a throne supported day the blood-drinking manifestation of the by Garuda's with one pair of legs bent and Ahtna family called blessed Ratna Haruka the other stretched out do not be afraid of will appear before you from the southern him do not be terrified do not be bewildered quarter of your brain his body is dark yellow recognize him as the form of your own mind in color with three heads six arms and four he is your edom so do not be afraid he is legs spread wide apart the right face is really blessed Verona with his consort so do white the left one red and the center one not fear recognition and liberation are blazing dark yellow his six hands hold a simultaneous when this is said he will jewel in the first on the right a trident recognize the atom and merging bearing three human heads in the middle inseparably with it become a buddha in the and a club in the last a bell in the first on the sambhogakaya but if he is afraid of it and left a skull cup in the middle and a trident in escapes and so does not recognize than on the last his consort ratnick radish fairy the ninth day the blood-drinking embraces his body with her right hand manifestation of the Vajra family will come clasped around his neck and her left hand to invite him so to show him again one holding a skull full of blood to his mouth do should call the dead person by name and not be afraid of him do not be terrified do say these words Oh child of noble family not be bewildered recognize him as the listen without distraction on the ninth day form of your own mind he is your yidam so the blood-drinking manifestation of the Vajra do not be afraid he's really blessed Ratna family called blessed vajura Haruka will Sam bhava with his consort Sofia longing emerge from the eastern quarter of your recognition and liberation are simultaneous brain and appear before you his body is when this is said he will recognize the dark blue in color with three heads six arms yadam and merging inseparably with it and four legs spread wide apart the right become a Buddha but if even after being face is white the left one red and the center shown like this he is pulled back by evil one blue his six hands hold a Vadra in the unconscious tendencies and is afraid and first on the right a skullcap in the middle and escapes and so does not recognize the an axe in the last a bell in the first on the left yadam if even when he sees Yamantaka he does not recognize him then on the 11th apart the right face is white the left one red day the blood-drinking manifestation of the and the center one majestic dark green his padma family will come to invite him so to six hands hold a sword in the first on the show him again one should call the dead right they Trident bearing three human person by name and say these words Oh heads in the middle and a rod in the last a child of noble family listen without bell in the first on the left a skull cup in the distraction on the 11th day the blood- middle and a plowshare in the last his drinking manifestation of the padma family consort karmic radish fairy embraces his called blessed Padma Haruka will emerge body with her right hand clasped around his from the Western quarter of your brain and neck and her left hand holding a skull full of appear before you clearly in union with his blood to his mouth do not be afraid of him consort his body is dark red in color with do not be terrified do not be bewildered three heads six arms and four legs spread recognize him as the form of your own mind wide apart the right face is white the left one he is your yidam so do not be afraid he is blue and the center one dark red his six really blessed a Moga city with his consort hands hold a lotus in the first on the right so feel intense devotion recognition and the Trident bearing three human heads in liberation are simultaneous when this is said the middle and a rod in the last a bell in the he will recognize the yadam and merging first on the left a skullcap filled with blood in inseparably with it become a Buddha the middle and a small drum in the last his through the instructions of his guru he will consort Padma pradesh hari embraces his recognize them as his own projections the body with her right hand clasped around his play of the mind and he will be liberated it is neck and her left hand holding a skull full of just like seeing a stuffed lion for instance he blood to his mouth do not be afraid of him feels very frightened if he does not know do not be terrified to not be bewildered be that his really only a stuffed lion but if joyful and recognized him as the form of someone shows him what it is he is your own mind he is your yadam so do not astonished and no longer afraid so here too be afraid do not be terrified he is really he feels terrified and bewildered when the blessed Amitabha with his consort so feel blood-drinking deities appear with their huge longing recognition and liberation are bodies and thick limbs filling the whole of simultaneous when this is said he will space but as soon as he is shown he recognize it to be the atom and merging recognizes them as his own projections or inseparably with it become a Buddha but if as yidams the luminosity on which he has even after being shown like this he is pulled meditated before and the self existing back by evil unconscious tendencies and is luminosity which arises later mother and afraid and escapes and so cannot recognize son merged together and like meeting a the atom then on the 12th day the blood- man he used to know very well the self drinking manifestations of the karma family liberating luminosity of his own mind will come with the galleries pisccis and spontaneously arises before him and he is yoginis to invite him if he does not recognize self liberated if he does not receive this he will be afraid so to show him again one showing even a good person can turn back should call the dead person by name and from here and wander in samsara then the say these words Oh child of noble family eight wrathful galleries and the pichia listen without distraction when the twelfth cheese with various heads will emerge from day has come the blood-drinking within his own brain and appear before him manifestation of the karma family called so to show him again one should call the blessed karma haruka will emerge from the dead person by name and say these words Northern Quarter of your brain and appear Oh child of Noble family listen without before you clearly in union with his consort distraction the eight galleries will emerge his body is dark green in color with three from within your own brain and appear heads six arms and four legs spread wide before you do not be afraid of them from the eastern quarter of your brain white gallery Vadra in her right hand and a sword in her will appear to you holding a corpse as a left and eating these eight pichia cheese of club in her right hand and a skull cup filled the holy places surrounding the five blood with blood in her left hand do not be afraid drinking Haruka's will emerge from within from the south yellow gallery shooting an your own brain and appear before you do arrow from a bow from the West red promo not be afraid of them recognize whatever ha holding a sea monster banner from the appears as the play of the mind your own north black vitaliy hole Vajra and a skullcap projections Oh child of noble family the four filled with blood from the South East Orange goddesses of the gates will also emerge Puka see holding entrails in her right hand from within your brain and appear before and eating them with her left from the you so recognize them from the eastern southwest dark green gasps Murray quarter of your brain on Cuccia white tiger drinking from a skull cup filled with blood headed holding a goad and a skull cup filled which she holds in her left hand and stirs with blood will emerge and appear before with a Vadra in her right hand from the you from the south Pacha yellow sow northwest pale yellow chun dali tearing a headed holding a noose from the West shun head and body apart holding the heart in kala red lion headed holding an iron chain her right hand and eating the body with her and from the north Ganta green serpent left from the northeast dark blue Sh'ma headed holding a bell these four goddesses shani tearing a head and body apart and of the gates will emerge from within your eating these eight galleries of the directions own brain and appear before you recognize surrounding the five blood drinking Haruka's them as ye Addams Oh child of noble family will emerge from within your own brain and after the thirty wrathful Haruka's the twenty appear before you do not be afraid of them eight yoga pnes will emerge in turn from Oh child of noble family listen without within your brain and appear before you distraction after them in turn the 8p shot with various heads and bearing various cheese of the holy places will emerge and symbols do not be afraid of them but appear before you from the east Singham recognize whatever appears as the play of uka wine colored lion headed with her two your mind your own projections at this hands crossed on her breast holding a moment of reaching the crucial point corpse in her mouth and tossing her Mane remember the instructions of your guru Oh from the south viagra mukha red tiger child of noble family from the east the six headed with her two arms crossed pointing yoginis of the east will emerge from within downwards four eyes staring and her teeth your brain and appear before you Raksha snarling from the West sure gala mukha see demoness wine-colored with a head of black fox headed holding a razor in her right a yak holding a Vadra in her hand Broc me hand and entrails in her left eating them and orange serpent headed holding a lotus in licking the blood from the north Shyvana her hand Mahadevi great goddess dark mukha dark blue wolf headed carrying a green leopard headed holding a trident in corpse to her mouth with both hands her her hand lopa greedy blue Mongoose eyes staring from the southeast rudra headed holding a wheel in her right hand mukha pale yellow vulture headed carrying Kumari virgin red with the head of a yellow a large human corpse over her shoulder bear holding a short spear in her hand and and holding a skeleton in her hand from the Indrani white with the head of a brown bear southwest kenka mukha dark red hawk holding a noose of entrails in her hand do headed carrying a large flayed skin over her not be afraid of them Oh child of noble shoulder from the Northwest Kaka mukha family from the South the six yoginis of the black raven headed holding a skull cup in South will emerge from within your brain her left hand and a sword in her right and and appear before you Vadra yellow with eating a heart lungs from the northeast hulu the head of a pig holding a razor in her hand mukha dark blue owl headed holding a Shanti peace red with the head of a sea monster holding a Vaz in her hand Amrita spontaneously from the play of the self nectar of immortality Red Scorpion headed existing form of the wrathful Haruka's so holding a lotus in her hand Chandra moon recognize them Oh child of noble family the white Hawk headed holding a Vadra in her Dharmakaya appears as the peaceful hand Donda Club dark green Fox headed deities out of part of the emptiness holding a club in her hand and Raksha see recognize it sambhogakaya appears as the demoness dark yellow tiger headed holding wrathful deities out of part of the luminosity a skull full of blood in her hand do not be so recognize it if at this time when the 58 afraid of them Oh child of noble family from blood drinking deities emerge from within the West the six yoginis of the West will your own brain and appear before you you emerge from within your brain and appear know that whatever appears has arisen out before you Bach shinee eater dark green of your own radiant insight you will vulture headed holding a club in her hand immediately become a Buddha inseparable rathi pleasure Red Horse headed holding a from the blood-drinking deities Oh child of large corpses trunk in her hand maha Bala noble family if you do not recognize in this great strength white Garuda headed holding way you will be afraid of them and escape a club in her hand Raksha see demoness and so go on to more suffering if you do not red dog headed cutting with a Vadra razor recognize in this way you will see all the in her hand kama desire red with the head blood-drinking deities as lords of death and of a hoop o shooting an arrow from a bow in you will fear them you will feel terrified and her hand and Vassar Raksha protectors of bewildered and faint your own projections wealth dark green with a head of a deer will turn into demons and you will wander in holding a Vaz in her hand do not be afraid samsara but if you are neither attracted nor of them Oh child of noble family from the afraid you will not wander in samsara Oh north the six yoga knees of the North will child of Noble family the largest body of emerge from within your own brain and these peaceful and wrathful deities are like appear before you via devi wind goddess the whole sky the medium ones are like blue wolf headed waving a flag in her hand Mount Meru and the smallest ones are like nari woman red buffalo headed holding a eighteen of our bodies one on top of the stake in her hand the rocky Sal black with a other so do not be afraid of them all head of a sow holding a noose of teeth in phenomena appear as lights and images by her hand Vadra red with the head of a crow recognizing all these appearances as the holding a child skin in her hand muhaha natural radiance of your own mind your own Stinney elephant dark green elephant radiance will merge inseparably with the headed holding a large corpse in her hand lights and images and you will become a and drinking its blood and varuna devi water Buddha Oh child whatever you see however goddess blue serpent headed holding a terrifying it is recognize it as your own noose of snakes in her hand do not be projection recognize it as the luminosity the afraid of them Oh child of noble family the natural radiance of your own mind if you four yoginis of the gates will emerge from recognize in this way you will become a within your brain and appear before you Buddha at that very moment there is no from the east white Vadra cuckoo headed doubt what is called perfect instantaneous holding an iron hook in her hand and from enlightenment will arise on the spot the south yellow Vadra goat-headed holding remember Oh child of Noble family if you do a noose in her hand from the west red not recognize now and are still afraid all the Vadra lion headed holding an iron chain in peaceful deities will appear in the form of her hand and from the north dark green maha kala and all the wrathful deities will Vadra serpent headed holding a Bell in her appear in the form of the Dharma King the hand these four yoginis of the gates will Lord of Death and you will wander in emerge from within your brain and appear samsara with all your projections turned into before you these 28 yoginis arise demons Oh child of noble family if you do not recognize your own projections even longing and say this inspiration prayer when though you have practice Dharma for an through strong unconscious tendencies I eon and are learned in all the sutras and wander in samsara in the luminosity of tantras you will not become a Buddha but if abandoning all fear may the Blessed ones you recognize your projections with one peaceful and wrathful go before me the secret and one word he will become a wrathful goddesses queens of space behind Buddha if you do not recognize your me help me to cross the Bardot's dangerous projections they will appear in the form of pathway and bring me to the perfect the Dharma King the Lord of Death in the Buddhist date when parted from beloved Bardo of Dharma taw as soon as you are friends wandering along my own projections dead the largest bodies of the Lords of empty forms appear may the Buddha's send death filled the whole sky and the medium out the power of their compassion so that ones are like Mount Meru they will come the Bardot's terrors do not come when the filling a whole universe with teeth biting the five luminous lights of wisdom Shine lower lip glassy-eyed their hair tied on top of fearless LeMay I recognize myself when the their heads with huge bellies and thin necks forms of the peaceful and wrathful ones holding the records of karma in their hands appear fearless and confident may I shouting strike and kill licking up brains recognize the Bardo when I suffer through tearing heads from bodies pulling out the power of evil karma may my atom clear internal organs in this way they will come away all suffering when the sound of feeling the whole universe Oh child of Noble Dharma taw roars like a thousand thunders family when projections appear like this do may it all become the sound of the six not be afraid you'll have a mental body of syllables when I follow my karma without a unconscious tendencies so even if you are refuge may the Lord of great compassion be killed and cut into pieces you cannot die you my refuge when I suffer the karma of are really the natural form of emptiness so unconscious tendencies may the Samadhi there is no need to fear the Lords of death of bliss and luminosity arise may the five to arise out of your own radiant mind they elements not rise up as enemies may I see have no solid substance emptiness cannot the realms of the five Buddha's say this be harmed by emptiness be certain that the inspiration prayer with deep devotion all external peaceful and wrathful deities the fears will disappear and you will certainly blood-drinking Haruka's the animal-headed become a Buddha in Assam bro kya so it is deities the rainbow light the terrifying forms very important do not be distracted these of the Lords of death and so on have no words should be repeated three or up to substantiality they only arise out of the seven times however great the sins and spontaneous play of your own mind if you however bad the remaining karma may be it understand this all fear is naturally liberated is impossible not to be liberated but if and merging inseparably you will become a whatever is done for them they do not Buddha if you recognize in this way they are recognize then they have to wander in the your yidams think with intense longing they third Bardo the Bardo of becoming so it's have come to invite me in the dangerous showing will be taught in detail below most pathway of the Bardo I take refuge in them people whether they were much or little remember the three jewels remember your adept in meditation are very confused by own yadam call his name and supplicate the Bardot of the moment before death and him with these words I am wandering in the so they have no means except this Bardo so be my rescuer sees me with liberation through hearing to those who compassion Oh precious yadam call your have meditated a lot the Bardot of Dharma guru's name and supplicate him I am tah comes suddenly when their mind and wandering in the Bardo so be my rescuer body separate those who have recognized with your compassion do not abandon me their own mind and become experienced supplicate the blood-drinking deities with while they were alive are very strong when the luminosity appears during the Bardo of shown many times before this apart from the moment before death therefore practice those who were adept in meditation on during life is most important and those who Dharma and have good karmic results while they were alive have meditated on the because of fear and bad karma recognition visualization and complete practices of the is difficult for those who were not adept or tantric deities are very strong when the who were very wicked so from about the peaceful and wrathful visions appear during 10th day onwards they should be reminded the Bardo of Dharma tah therefore it is again in these words Oh child of noble extremely important to train the mind family listen well and understand hell beings thoroughly in this liberation through hearing gods and the Bardo body are born in the Bardo especially during one's life it spontaneously when the peaceful and should be grasped it should be perfected it wrathful deities appeared in the Bardo of should be read aloud it should be Dharma taw you did not recognize them so memorized properly it should be practiced you fainted with fear after five and a half three times a day without fail the meaning of days but when you recovered your its words should be made completely clear consciousness grew clearer and a body like in the mind its words and meaning should your former one rose up it is said in the not be forgotten even if a hundred tantra with the former and future material murderers were to appear and chase one body of the Bardo of becoming complete since this is called the great liberation with all the senses wandering without through hearing even people who have obstruction possessing the power of committed the five deadly sins will certainly miracles resulting from karma seen by the be liberated if they only hear it therefore it pure eyes of gods with the same nature should be read aloud among great crowds here former means that you have a body and spread afar even if it has been heard like your former one of flesh and blood like this only once and the meaning not because of your memories of it but it is also understood in the Bardo state the mind radiant and has some marks like the body of becomes nine times more clear so then it the Golden Age this is the experience of a will be remembered with not even a single mental body so it is called the mental body word forgotten therefore it should be told to of the Bardo experience at this time if you all during their life it should be read at the are going to be born as a god you will bedside of the sick it should be read beside experience the realm of the gods and the bodies of all the dead it should be whatever you are going to be born as spread far and wide to meet with it is great jealous god human animal Hungry Ghost or good fortune it is hard to meet with except hell being you will have that experience for those who have cleared away the therefore former means thinking for up to darkness and gathered merit if one hears it four and a half days that you have a one is liberated simply by not disbelieving material body of memories of your former therefore it should be greatly cherished it one and future means that after that you will draws out the essence of all Dharma the have experiences of wherever you are end of the showing of the Bardo of Dharma going to be born later so they say former tah called the great liberation through and future whatever projections arise at this hearing the Bardo teaching which liberates time do not follow them or be attracted to just by being heard and seen Sarva them or yearn for them if you are attracted Mangalam respectful homage to the deities to them or yearn for them you will wander in gurus yidams and dakinis may they cause the six realms and suffer misery although liberation in the Bardo in the great liberation the projections of the Bardo of da matta through hearing the Bardo of Dharma taw appeared until yesterday you did not has been taught above now comes the recognize them so you had to wander here remainder of the Bardo of becoming now if you are able to meditate undistracted although the Bardo of Dharma taw has been ly rest in the pure naked mind luminosity emptiness which your guru has shown you those who are going to be born with the relaxed in a state of non grasping and non same nature will see one another in the action you will attain liberation and not enter Bardo state so those who are going to be a womb if you cannot recognize visualize born as gods see each other in the same your atom or your guru above your head way whichever of the six realms they are and feel intense devotion very strongly this going to be born in those of the same nature is very important again and again do not be will see each other do not yearn for them distracted so one should say if he but meditate on the lord of great recognises this he will be liberated and not compassion seen by the pure eyes of gods wander in the six realms but under the also means seen by the pure divine eye of influence of bad karma it is difficult to meditation in real Samadhi and not only that recognize so one should say these words which comes from the merit of the gods but Oh child of noble family listen with they do not always see if they concentrate undistracted mind complete with all the on seeing they will see but if not or if their senses means that even if you were blind meditation is disturbed they do not see Oh deaf lame and so on when you were alive child of noble family with a body like this you now in the Bardo state your eyes see forms will see your home and family as though your ears hear sounds and all your senses you were meeting them in a dream but are clear and faultless so it is said complete although you speak to them you will get no with all the senses this is a sign that you reply and you will see your relatives and have died and are wandering in the Bardo family weeping so you will think I am dead state so recognize remember the instruction what shall I do and you will feel intense pain Oh child of Noble family without obstruction like the pain of a fish rolling in a hot sand means that as you are a mental body and but now suffering is no use if you have a your mind is separated from its support you guru supplicate him or supplicate the yadam have no material body so now you can pass the lord of great compassion even though back and forth even through Mount Meru you are attached to your relatives it is of no the king of mountains or anywhere except use so do not be attached supplicate the your mother's womb and the Vajra seat this lord of great compassion and there will be is a sign that you are wandering in the no suffering or fear Oh child of noble family Bardo of becoming so remember your gurus blown by the moving winds of karma your teaching and supplicate the Lord of great mind without support helplessly rides the compassion Oh child of noble family horse of win like a feather swaying and possessing the power of miracles resulting swinging you will say to the mourners I am from karma means that you now have here do not weep but they will not perceive miraculous powers resulting from the Four you so you will think I have died and now of karma in accordance with your actions you will feel great pain do not suffer like that not those which come from meditation or all the time there will be a gray haze like the virtues you can circle the four continents grey light of an autumn dawn neither day and Mount Meru in an instant and arrive nor night this kind of Bardo state will last for anywhere you want instantaneously as soon 1 2 3 4 5 6 or 7 weeks up to 49 days it is as you think of it or in the time it takes a said that the suffering in the Bardo of man to stretch out and draw back his hand becoming generally lasts for 21 days but but these various powers are unsuitable to this is not quite certain because of the not think about them now you have the influence of karma Oh child of noble family ability to display them without hindrance you at this time the great tornado of karma can perform everything you think of and terrifying unbearable whirling fiercely will there is no action you cannot do so drive you from behind do not be afraid of it it recognize and supplicate your guru Oh child is your own confused projection dense of noble family seen by the pure eyes of darkness terrifying and unbearable will go gods with the same nature means that before you with terrible cries of strike and kill do not be afraid of them in the case of suddenly grow empty and cold and you will others who have done great evil many flesh- feel intense and boundless pain since you eating demons will appear as a result of must move on without settling in any one their karma bearing various weapons yelling place do not occupy yourself with all kinds war cries shouting kill strike and so on you of thoughts but rest your mind in its basic will feel that you are being chased by state the time comes when you have no various terrifying wild animals and pursued food except that which has been dedicated by a great army in snow rain storms and for you to eat and there is no certainty of darkness there will be sounds of mountains friends these are signs of the mental body crumbling of lakes flooding of fire spreading wandering in the Bardo of becoming at this and a fierce wind springing up in fear you moment pleasure and pain are determined will escape wherever you can but you will by your karma you will see your homeland be cut off by three precipices in front of you friends and relatives and your own corpse white red and black deep and dreadful and and you will think now I am dead so what you will be on the point of falling down them should I do the mental body will be in Oh child of Noble family they are not really extreme pain so you will think now why not precipices they are aggression passion and find a body and you will experience going ignorance recognize this now to be the everywhere to look for a body even if you bardo of becoming and call the name of the enter your own corpse up to nine times Lord of great compassion Oh Lord of great winter will have frozen it or some are made compassion my guru the three jewels do not it rot or else your relatives will have burned let me fall into hell supplicate fervently like it or buried it in a grave well giving it to the this do not forget in the case of others who birds and wild animals for a long time has have gathered merit and were virtuous and passed in the bottle of Dharma tah so you practise Dharma sincerely all kinds of will find nowhere to enter you will be in great perfect enjoyment will invite them and they despair and have the feeling of being will experience all kinds of perfect bliss and squeezed in between all the rocks and happiness in the case of those who are stones suffering like this is the Bardo of indifferent and ignorant who did neither becoming even if you look for a body there good nor evil they will not experience is nothing but suffering so cut off your pleasure or pain but only ignorance and yearning for a body and rest in the state of indifference will appear whatever arises like non action undistracted by being shown in this Oh child of noble family whatever this way liberation from the Bardo is pleasures and objects of desire do not be attained but if in spite of being shown like attracted to them or yearn for them offer this it is impossible to recognize because of them to the Guru and the three jewels give the power of bad karma one should call the up attachment and longing in your heart and dead person by name and say these words if the experience of indifference arises Oh child of noble family listen it is your own without either pleasure or pain rest your karma that you are suffering like this so you mind in the great symbol state of cannot blame anyone else it is your own undistracted non meditation this is very karma so now supplicate the three jewels important Oh child of Noble family at this fervently they will protect you if you do not time bridges shrines and monasteries Hut's supplicate like this and do not know the stupas and so on will shelter you for a great symbol meditation and you do not moment but you will not stay there for long meditate on your yadam then the good since your mind is separated from your conscience within you will collect all your body you cannot settle down you feel angry good actions and count out white pebbles and cold and consciousness becomes Airy and the bad conscience within you will speeding swaying and impermanent then collect all your evil actions and count out you will think alas I am dead what shall I do black pebbles at this time you will be very now and thinking this your heart will frightened and terrified and you will tremble and lie saying I have not sinned then the beings are separated it is said of this lord of death will say I will look in the mirror moment an instant they are separated in an of karma and when he looks in the mirror all instant complete enlightenment until your sins and virtues will suddenly appear in yesterday you were distracted so although it clearly and distinctly so although you have so much of the Bardo State has appeared lied it is of no use then the lord of death will you have not recognized and you have so drag you by a rope tied around your neck much fear if you are distracted now the and cut off your head tear out your heart Rope of compassion will be cut off and you pull out your entrails lick your brains drink will go to a place where there is no your blood eat your flesh and nor your liberation so be careful by being shown like bones but you cannot die so even though this even though he did not recognize your body is cut into pieces you will recover before he will recognize here and attain being cut again and again causes extreme liberation if he is a layman who does not pain so do not be afraid when the white know how to meditate like this one should pebbles are being counted do not lie and do say these words Oh child of Noble family if not fear the Lord of death since you are a you do not know how to meditate this mental body you cannot die even if you are remember the Buddha the Dharma and the killed and cut up the Lords of death are the Sangha and the Lord of great compassion natural form of emptiness your own and supplicate them meditate on all the confused projections and you are emptiness terrifying projections as the Lord of great a mental body of unconscious tendencies compassion or as your Yama remember emptiness cannot harm emptiness the your guru and the secret transmission name uncharacterized cannot harm the you had in the human world and tell it to the uncharacterized external Lords of death dharma king the Lord of Death even if you God's evil spirits the bullheaded demon and fall down the precipice you will not be hurt so on have no reality apart from your own so give up fear and terror by being shown in confused projections so recognize this at these words even though he was not this moment recognize everything as the liberated before he will be liberated here but Bardo meditate on the samadhi of the great because of the possibility that he may not symbol if you do not know how to meditate recognize and so not be liberated it is very look closely at the nature of what makes important to make another effort so one you afraid and you will see emptiness which should call the dead person by name again has no nature whatever this is called the and say these words these present Dharmakaya but this emptiness is not experiences will throw you into states of joy negation its nature is frightening mind with and sadness alternately at each moment great awareness and clarity this is the mind like a catapult so now do not create any of sambhogakaya the emptiness and the feeling of passion and aggression if you're luminosity are not two separate things but going to be born in a higher realm at the the nature of emptiness is luminosity and time when experiences of the higher realms the nature of luminosity is emptiness now occur your relatives in the place you have the indivisible emptiness luminosity the left are sacrificing many animals dedicated naked mind is stripped bare and dwells in its for the sake of the dead so impure thoughts uncreated state this is the svabhava Takaya will arise in you and you will feel violent its own natural energy arises everywhere anger which will cause you to be born as a without obstruction this is the hell being so whatever is done in the place compassionate nirmanakaya old child of you have left do not get angry but meditate noble family see in this way without on kindness if you are attached to the distraction as soon as you recognize you possessions you have left behind or if you will attain complete enlightenment in the feel attached to them through knowing that four kaya's do not be distracted this is the someone else is owning and enjoying your dividing line where Buddha's and sentient things you will get angry with the people you have left behind and that will certainly cause of body speech and mind so you will feel you to be born as a hell being or a Hungry great joy on seeing them and that will Ghost even if you were going to reach a immediately cause you to be born in a higher state in any case even if you are higher realm even if you are going to fall attached to the things you have left behind down into the three lower realms so it is you cannot get them it is no use to you so very helpful therefore it is very important not give up attachment and yearning for your to have impure thoughts but to feel pure possessions abandon them make a firm devotion without prejudice so be careful Oh decision whoever is enjoying your things do child of noble family to sum up now your not be possessive but let them go with one mind in the Bardo state has no support so it pointed concentration think that you are is light and mobile and whatever thought offering them to your guru and the three arises in it good or bad it is very powerful so jewels and remain in a state of do not think of any evil actions but desirelessness when the Konkani ritual for remember the practice of virtue if you have the dead is recited for you and the no practice field of ocean and pure thoughts purification from the lower realms and so on supplicate your yidam and the lord of great are performed for your sake with a subtle compassion and say this inspiration prayer supernatural perception resulting from your with intense concentration when parted from karma you will see them being done in beloved friends wandering alone my own purely sleepily inattentively and so on with projections empty forms appear may the careless behavior without observance of the Buddha's send out the power of their samaya vows and you will be aware of lack compassion so that the Bardot's terrors do of faith and feelings of disbelief sinful not come when I suffer through the power of actions through fear and impurities in the evil karma may my yadam clear away all rituals and so you will think alas they are suffering when the sound of the Dharma taw deceiving me surely they are deceiving me roars like a thousand thunders may it all thinking this you will have great sorrow and become the sound of the six syllables when despair and on top of not feeling pure I follow my karma without a refuge may the devotion you will disbelieve and lose faith Lord of great compassion be my refuge and that will certainly cause you to go to the when I suffer the karma of unconscious lower realms it is no use but very harmful so tendencies may the samadhi of bliss and however and purely the rituals are luminosity arise say this prayer fervently it performed by the spiritual friends you have will certainly lead you on the path be left behind think with pure faith and devotion absolutely convinced that this is not false well my projections must be impure how can this is very important when this is said he there be impurity in Buddha's words these will remember and recognize and so attain are caused by my own impure projections liberation but even though one does this like seeing the faults of my own face many times recognition is difficult because reflected in a mirror as for these people their of the influence of much evil karma so it is body is the Sangha their speech is the Holy very helpful to repeat it again many times Dharma and their mind is the nature of the calling the dead person again by name one Buddha therefore I take refuge in them then should say these words Oh child of noble whatever is done in the place you have left family if you have not understood what has will help you so it is very important to have gone before from now on the body you had pure thoughts in this way do not forget if you in your past life will grow fainter and your are going to be born in one of the three future body will become clearer so you will lower realms at the time when experiences feel sad and think I am suffering like this so of them occur your relatives in the place you now I shall look for whatever kind of body have left are performing virtuous rituals free appears and you will move about from sin and girls and teachers are backwards and forwards towards anything practicing holy Dharma with absolute purity that appears the six lights of the six realms of existence will shine and the one in which snow storms and hail storms darkness you are going to be born because of your closing around and many men chasing you karma will shine most brightly Oh child of and you will escape from them those noble family listen if you ask what the six without merit will feel that they are escaping lights are the soft white light of the Gods will to a place of suffering but those with merit shine and similarly the red light of the JAL will feel that they are arriving in a place of gods the blue light of human beings the joy at this time Oh child of noble family all green light of the animals the yellow light of the signs of the country and place where the hungry ghosts and the smoke coloured you are going to be born will appear so now light of the hell beings these are the six listen without distraction there are many lights at that moment your body will also very profound essential points of instruction take on the color of the place where you're although you have not understood these going to be born Oh child of Noble family at secrets of recognition before even one this time the essential point of the whose practice was very poor will get the instruction is very important whatever light point here so listen at this time it is very shines meditate on that as the Lord of great important to take great care with the method compassion meditate on the thought that of closing the entrance of the womb there when the light appears it is the lord of great are two methods stopping the person who is compassion this is the most profound entering and closing the womb entrance essential point it is extremely important and which is being entered this is the instruction prevents birth meditate for a long time on for stopping the person who is entering Oh whichever deity is your yidam as a vision child of noble family clearly visualized without any real nature of its own like an whichever deity is your yadam as a vision illusion this is called the pure illusory body with no real nature of its own like an illusion then let the yadam disappear from the or the moon in water if you have no specific edges inwards and rest for a while in the yidam it is the lord of great compassion inconceivable state of emptiness luminosity himself visualize him vividly then let the which consists in nothing whatever meditate yadam disappear from the edges inwards again on the yadam then again on the and meditate on a luminosity emptiness luminosity meditate like this alternately and without any object of thought this is the after that lets your mind to disappear from profound secret it is said that by means of it the edges inwards wherever there is space the womb is not entered so meditate in this there is mind and wherever there is mind way but if this does not stop you and you there is the Dharmakaya rest in the state of are just about to enter a womb there are simplicity and selflessness of the profound instructions for closing the womb Dharmakaya in this state birth is prevented entrance which is about to be entered so and he will become a Buddha but those listen repeat after me these words from the whose practice was poor and who were not main verses of the Bardo now when the adept in meditation will not understand and Bardo of becoming dawns upon me I will still confused will wander to the entrance of concentrate my mind one pointedly and a womb so the instructions for closing the strive to prolong the results of good karma womb entrance are very important one close the womb entrance and think of should call the dead person by name and resistance this is the time when say these words old child of noble family if perseverance and pure thought are needed you have not recognized what has gone abandoned jealousy and meditate on the before now you will feel that you are moving Guru with his consort say these words upwards or across or downwards by the clearly aloud and arouse your memory it is force of karma so at this moment meditate very important to meditate on their meaning on the lord of great compassion remember and to put it into practice this is the meaning then you will have the experience like that now when the bardo of becoming dawns which was described before of whirlwinds upon me means that now you are wandering in the boredom of becoming as entrance but if this does not close it and you signs of this if you look into the water you are just about to enter a womb here is the will not see your reflection and your body third instruction on turning away passion has no shadow now there is no material and aggression there are four kinds of birth body of flesh and blood but these are signs birth from an egg birth from a womb of the mental body wandering in the Bardo spontaneous birth and birth from moisture of of becoming so now you must concentrate these birth from an egg and birth from a your mind one pointedly without distraction womb are similar as above there will be just now that one pointed concentration is projections of males and females in sexual the most important thing is like controlling a union and if you enter a womb at this horse with a bridle whatever you moment through the power of passion and concentrate on will come about so do not aggression you will be born as a horse bird think of evil actions but remember the dog human being and so on whatever it Dharma the teachings the transmissions may be if you are going to be born as a and the authorizations for texts such as this male you will experience yourself as male liberation through hearing which you and feel violent aggression towards the received in the human world and strive to Father and jealousy and desire for the prolong the results of good karma it is very mother if you are going to be born as a important do not forget to not be distracted female you will experience yourself as now is the time which is the dividing line female and feel intense envy and jealousy between going up and going down now is of the mother and intense desire and the time when by slipping into laziness even passion for the father this will cause you to for a moment you will suffer forever now is enter the path leading to the womb and you the time when by concentrating one will experience self-existing bliss in the pointedly you will be happy forever midst of the meeting of the sperm and ovum concentrate your mind one pointedly strive from that blissful state you will lose to prolong the results of good karma now consciousness and the embryo will grow the time has come to close the room round and oblong and so on until the body entrance it is said close the room entrance matures and comes out from the mother's and think of resistance this is the time when womb you will open your eyes and you have perseverance and pure thought are needed turned into a puppy from first being a man now that time has come first the warm you have now become a dog so you will entrance should be closed and there are suffer in a dog kennel or similarly in a pigsty five methods of closing it so understand or an ant hill or a worm hole or else you them well old child of noble family at this may be born as a young bull or a goat or time projections of men and women making lamb and so on there is no returning here love will appear when you see them do not you will endure all kinds of suffering from a enter in between them but remember and state of great stupidity and ignorance meditate on the man and woman as the circling like this around the six realms of Guru and his consort mentally prostrate existence of hell beings hungry and so on yourself and make offerings with deep you will be tormented by boundless devotion and ask for teachings as soon as suffering there is nothing more powerful or you concentrate intensely on this thought terrifying than this alas alas those who do the womb entrance will certainly be closed not have a gurus sacred teachings will fall but if this does not close it and you are just down the great precipice of samsara in this about to enter a room meditate on the guru manner and endure endless unbearable and his consort as your own yadam or the suffering so therefore listen to my words lord of great compassion with his consort and understand this instruction of mine now and mentally make an offering to them with the instruction for closing the womb intense devotion ask them to bestow entrance by turning away passion and spiritual attainments this will close the womb aggression is given listen and understand it is said close the womb entrance and think and certainly fall into the muddy swamp of of resistance this is the time when suffering now they are all like dreams like perseverance and pure thought are needed illusions like echoes like cities of the abandon jealousy and meditate on the Guru Gandharvas like mirages like images like with his consort as above you will have optical illusions like the moon in water they feelings of jealousy if you are going to be are not real even for a moment certainly born as a male you will love the mother and they are not true but false by concentrating hate the father and if you are going to be one pointedly on this conviction belief in born as a female you will love the father and their reality is destroyed and when one is hate the mother so at this time there is a inwardly convinced in such a way belief in a profound instruction Oh child of Noble family self is counteracted if you understand when passion and aggression arise like this unreality like this from the bottom of your meditate in this way alas I am a being with heart the womb entrance will certainly be such evil karma that I have been wandering closed but if even after doing this the belief like this in samsara until now through in reality is not destroyed and the wool clinging to passion and aggression if I go on metrans is not closed and you are about to feeling passion and aggression like this I enter a womb there is a profound instruction shall wander in samsara endlessly and sink Oh child of noble family if even after doing into the depths of the ocean of suffering for this the womb entrance is not closed now it a long time so now I will feel no passion or should be closed by the fifth method aggression at all alas now I will never again meditation on a luminosity which should be feel passion and aggression by done in this way all substances are my own concentrating your mind intensely and one mind and this mind is emptiness on arisen pointedly on this thought that itself will close and unobstructed thinking this keep your the room entrance so the Tantra say Oh mind natural and undiluted self contained in child of Noble family do not be distracted its own nature like water poured into water concentrate your mind when pointedly but if just as it is loose open and relaxed by letting even after doing this the womb entrance is it rest naturally and loosely you can be sure not closed and you are about to enter a that the wool matrons to all four kinds of womb then it should be closed by the birth will certainly be closed many true and instruction of the Unreal and illusory nature profound instructions for closing the womb of everything meditate in this way alas the entrance have been given above it is father and mother a great storm the impossible for anyone of high average or whirlwind the Thunder the terrifying low capacities which ever he may be not to projections and all these apparent for now be liberated by them why is this firstly are illusory in their real nature however they because consciousness in the Bardo state appear they are not real all substances are possesses supernatural perception of false and untrue they are like a mirage they worldly things so he can't hear what I say are not permanent they are not changeless secondly even if he was deaf and blind now what is the use of desire what is the use of he has all the senses complete so he can fear it is regarding the non-existent as hear what is said thirdly being continually existent all these are projections of my mind overcome by fear he is thinking undistracted and since the mind itself is illusory and non Li what to do so he listens to what I say and existent from the beginning from where fourthly as the consciousness has no externally do they arise like this I did not support it comes directly to wherever the understand in this way before and so I concentration is directed so it is easy to believed the non-existent to exist the untrue guide the mind is nine times more clear so to be true the illusion to be real therefore I even if he is stupid by force of karma the have wandered in samsara for so long and mind becomes so clear at this time that it if I do not realize that they are illusions I can meditate on whatever is taught shall still wander in samsara for a long time essential points such as these are the reason for the same reason it is also helpful where Dharma does not flourish so do not to perform the rituals for the dead therefore enter it if you are going to be born in the it is very important to persevere in reading northern continent unpleasant sound you this great liberation through hearing for up will see a lake adorned with cattle or with to nine days even if he is not liberated at trees recognize them as signs of taking birth one showing he will attain liberation at and do not enter there although it has long another that is the reason why not one but life and merits Dharma does not flourish many showings are necessary even then there so do not enter if you are going to be there are many kinds of people who are not born as a god you will see beautiful many used to doing good actions but were storied temples made of various jewels if extremely skilled in doing evil actions right you are fit to enter there you should enter if from the start and through the influence of you are going to be born as a jealous god many powerful veils of error are not you will see beautiful groves or what liberated in spite of being shown and given seemed to be revolving wheels of fire do not these objects of meditations so many times enter there at all but think of resistance if above so now if the womb entrance has not you were going to be born as an animal you been closed before a profound instruction will see as through a mist Rock caves and for choosing the womb entrance will be holes in the ground and straw Hut's do not taught below one should call on the enter there if you were going to be born as a Buddha's and Bodhisattvas for help and Hungry Ghost you will see tree stumps and repeat the refuge then call the dead person black shapes sticking up shallow caves and by name three times and say these words black patches if you go there you will be Oh child of Noble family who is dead listen born as a Hungry Ghost and experience all although you have been shown with the kinds of suffering through hunger and thirst instructions above so many times you not so do not go there at all but think of understood so now if the womb entrance resistance and persevere strongly if you are has not been closed the time has come to going to be born as a hell being you will take a body there are not one but many true hear songs sung by those of evil karma or and profound instructions for you to choose you will have to enter helplessly or you will a woman trans so understand and do not be feel that you have gone into a dark land with distracted listen well with intense black and red houses black pits and black concentration and to understand Oh child of roads if you go there you will enter hell and noble family now the signs and experience unbearable suffering through characteristics of the continent where you heat and cold from which you will never get are going to be born will appear so out so do not go into its midst do not enter recognize them examine where you are at all but be careful it is said close the womb going to be born and choose the continent if entrance and think of resistance this is you're going to be born in the Eastern needed now Oh child of noble family even continent noble body you will see a lake though you wish not to go you have no adorned with geese and ganders think of power of your own you are helplessly resistance and do not go there although it is compelled to go from behind the Avengers full of happiness it is a place where Dharma of karma pursue you and in front Avengers does not flourish so do not enter it if you are and murderers drag you along darkness going to be born in the southern continent hurricanes violent storms noises snow and Rose Apple Island you will see luxurious rain fierce hail storms and snow storms will beautiful dwellings you should enter it if you whirl you around and you will escape from can if you're going to be born in the Western them then in escaping you will look for a continent enjoyment of wish-fulfilling cows refuge and you will find safety in the you will see a lake adorned with horses and luxurious houses described before or in rock mares do not go there but come back here shelters or holes in the ground between although it has great pleasures it is a place trees or in the round cavities of lotus flowers and so on hidden there you will be afraid to come and you cannot avoid entering come out and you will think I cannot go out meditate on hayagreeva since you now of here now and through fear of leaving you possess subtle supernatural perception you will become very attached to that place you will know all the places in turns so make a are afraid of meeting those terrors of the choice there are two instructions for Bardo if you go outside you feel extreme transference to a pure Buddha realm and fear of them and so you hide inside and for choosing and impure samsaric womb take a body however bad it may be and will entrance so act in this way transference to experience all kinds of suffering that is a the pure realm of space of purified faculties sign that demons and evil forces are is directed like this ah how sad it is that I still obstructing you now and at this time there is remain in this muddy swamp of samsara a profound instruction so listen and even now after such a long time of understand at this time of terror when you countless ages without beginning or end are helplessly pursued by the Avengers you and while so many others have already should immediately visualize with your become Buddhas I have not been liberated whole mind the Blessed supreme Haruka or from this moment on I feel sickened at this hayagriva or vajrapani or your yadam if you samsara I dread it I am worn out with it now have one with a huge body and thick limbs it is time to get ready to escape so I must standing in a terrifying attitude of wrath bring about a spontaneous birth in a lotus which crushes all evil forces into dust flower at the feet of the Buddha Amitabha in separated from the Avengers by his the Western blissful realm with this thought blessing and compassion you will have the concentrate intensely on the blissful realm power to choose the entrance of a womb in the West it is vital to make this effort or this is the true profound secret of the else if you direct intense concentration one instruction so understand it Oh child of pointedly and without distraction toward noble family the gods of meditation and so whichever realm you wish the pure realm or on are born through the power of Samadhi a complete joy or the densely filled or the large class of evil spirits such as hungry realm of willow leaves or the palm tree ghosts and so on have changed their mountain or the Palace of Lotus light in or attitude while in the Bardo state then they Gyan you will immediately be born in that are able to appear in various illusory forms realm or if you wish to go into the presence of hungry ghosts and demons and are of Lord Maitreya in the joyful realm transformed into that mental body itself the concentrate on this thought at this moment hungry ghosts who dwell in the depths of in the Bardo state the time has come for me the sea and the hungry ghosts who fly to go into the presence of the Dharma King through space and all the 80,000 classes of Maitreya in the joyful realm so I will go and negative forces and so on have taken on you will be born spontaneously in the heart that mental body by changing their attitude of a lotus in the presence of Maitreya at this time the best thing is to contemplate otherwise if you cannot do this and wish to the great symbol of emptiness but if you enter a womb or find you have to enter one cannot do that then take part in the play of there is an instruction for choosing an illusion if you cannot do that either at least impure samsaric womb entrance so listen do not be attached to anything but meditate as before look at the continent you are on the yidam the lord of great compassion going to choose with supernatural and you will become a sambhogakaya perception and enter a place where Dharma Buddha in the Bardo state a child of noble flourishes if you're going to be family if you have to enter a womb in this spontaneously born in a filthy dung heap way through force of karma the instruction you will perceive that fetid mass as sweet- for choosing the entrance to a womb will smelling and you will feel attracted to it and now be taught listen do not go into whatever be born there so whatever appears do not room entrance appears if the Avengers trust it but put an end to the signs of desire and hatred and choose a warm entrance Gardens this should be repeated up to again it is very important to concentrate like seven times then one should supplicate the this I will be born as a Universal Emperor for buddhas and bodhisattvas and read the the good of all sentient beings or as a bardo prayer which protects from fear the brahmana like a great solitaire or as the son main verses of the Bardo and deliverance of a siddha or in a family of a pure lineage from the dangerous pathway of the Bardo of Dharma or in a family where the father up to seven times then one should read the and mother have faith and taking a body liberation through wearing which with merits which can benefit all sentient spontaneously liberates thus conda's and beings I will do good concentrating on this the daily practice which spontaneously thought the womb should be entered at this liberate s' the unconscious tendencies time you should bless the womb you are clearly and distinctly thus by acting rightly entering as a palace of the gods and Yoga pne's of the highest insight effect the supplicate the Buddha's and Bodhisattvas ejection of consciousness in the Bardo of of the ten directions and the yidams the moment before death and do not have especially the Lord of great compassion and to wander in the Bardo state but bypass it enter the womb with a longing of a request and attain liberation below them a few for transmission it is possible to make a experienced people recognize the mistake in choosing the entrance of a womb luminosity of the Dharma taw after the like this by seeing a good womb entrance Bardo of the moment before death and as bad or a bad one as good under the bypass and become Buddha's those below influence of karma so now again the them are liberated in accordance with their essential point of the instruction is very karmic results at one time or another when important so do this even if a woman trans the peaceful and wrathful projections appears good do not trust it and even if it appear in the Bardo of Dharma taw during appears bad do not feel dislike for it the true the following weeks as there are many profound essential secret is to enter into the stages they will recognize whichever is supreme state of equilibrium in which there appropriate and attain liberation but those is no good or bad acceptance or rejection whose good karmic results are weak and passion or aggression but except for the few who have many veils of error and very bad who are experienced in this it is hard to get karma must wander on down to the Bardo rid of the disease of bad unconscious of becoming but as there are many tendencies so to prevent him taking refuge showings like the steps of a ladder they will among sinners of the poorest capacities the recognize at one or another and be lowest of the low like beasts if he cannot cut liberated but if those whose good karmic off passion and aggression in this way one results are very weak do not recognise should call the dead person again by name during the above and are overpowered by and say these words Oh child of Noble fear there is a series of instructions in turn family if you do not know how to choose a for closing the will men trance and for womb entrance and cannot get rid of choosing a womb entrance so they will passion and aggression whatever of the recognize at one or another and trusting the above experiences may arise call on the object of meditation attain the highest state name of the three jewels and take refuge in of boundless virtue even the lowest of the them supplicate the lord of great low like beasts are turned back from the compassion go on with your head held high lower realms by the virtue of taking refuge give up attachment and yearning for the they will attain a precious human body relatives and friends sons and daughters complete with all the freedoms and good you have left behind they cannot help you opportunities and in their next life meet a enter now into the blue light of human holy guru a spiritual friend so they will get beings or the white light of the gods enter instruction and be liberated if this teaching the jeweled palaces and the Pleasure is received during the Bardo of becoming the instruction prolongs one's good karmic being seen and heard and read this results like putting a pipe into a broken profound instruction leads great sinners on water channel it is impossible even for all the secret path if one does not forget its great sinners not to be liberated when they words and terms even when being chased hear this teaching why is this because by seven dogs the instruction liberate sin during the Bardo both the compassionate the Bardo of the moment before death even invitation of all the peaceful and wrathful if the buddhas of the past present and future Buddha's and deities and the invitation of were to search they would not find a better the tempters and negative forces come teaching than this the Bardo instruction together so just by hearing the teaching at which liberates human beings the profound this time their attitude is influenced and they innermost essence the great liberation attain liberation influence is easy because through hearing this treasure was the mental body has no basis of flesh and discovered by the Siddha karma link ba in blood however far they have wandered in the mountain of GaN Poddar may it benefit the Bardo State they see and hear with the Dharma and all sentient beings Sarva subtle karmic supernatural perception and Mangalam you huh arises in the mind of all they come this is extremely helpful for them beings ordinary people call this state they understand and their mind is unconscious because the prana sinks into instantaneously influenced it is like the the avid duty during the interval between the device of a catapult or like a huge tree trunk ceasing of the breath and of the pulsation which cannot be moved by a hundred men the time it lasts is uncertain depending on a but when it is put in water can be taken spiritual condition and the state of yoga wherever one wants in a moment it is like training it lasts for a long time in those who controlling a horse with a bridle therefore have practiced much were steady in the one should approach all who have died and meditation practice of tranquility and if the corpse is present a friend should read sensitive in striving to show such a person this reminder again and again until blood one should repeat the instruction until pus and pus come out of the nostrils meanwhile comes out from the apertures of his body in the corpse should remain undisturbed the wicked and insensitive people it does not observances for this are animals should not last longer than a single snapping of the be sacrificed for dedication to the dead fingers but in some it lasts for the time taken person in the presence of the corpse friends to eat a meal as most sutras and tantras and relations should not weep and mourn say that this unconscious state lasts for four and make noise which may be done and a half days generally one should strive elsewhere and as many acts of virtue as to show the luminosity for that length of time possible should be done as well as this the method of instruction if he is able he will teaching of the great liberation through work with himself from the instructions hearing it is very good if any of the other already given but if he cannot by himself teachings joined to the end of this than his guru or a disciple of his guru or a instruction are also read one should read Dharma brother or sister who was a close this continually and learn the word friend should stay nearby and read aloud meanings and terms by heart then when clearly the sequence of the signs of death death is certain and the signs of death have now the sign of earth dissolving into water is been recognised if one's condition allows present water into fire fire into air air into one should read it aloud oneself and consciousness when the sequence is contemplate it and if one is not able to do almost completed he should be encouraged that it should be given to a Dharma brother to adopt an attitude like this Oh child of or sister to read for this reminder will noble family or if he was a guru Oh sir do certainly liberate there is no doubt this not let your thoughts wander this should be teaching does not need any practice it is a spoken softly in his ear in the case of a profound instruction which liberates just by Dharma brother or sister or anyone else one should call him by name and say these Dharmakaya of the Buddha this mind of words Oh child of noble family that which is yours is inseparable luminosity and called death has now arrived and you emptiness in the form of a great mass of should adopt this attitude I have arrived at light it has no birth or death therefore it is the time of death so now by means of this the Buddha of immortal light to recognize death I will adopt only the attitude of the this is all that is necessary when you enlightened state of mind friendliness and recognize this pure nature of your mind as come passion and attained perfect the Buddha looking into your own mind is enlightenment for the sake of all sentient resting in the Buddha mind this should be beings as limitless as space with this repeated three or seven times clearly and attitude at this special time for the sake of precisely firstly it will remind him of what he all sentient beings I will recognize the has previously been shown by his guru luminosity of death as the Dharmakaya and secondly he will recognize his own naked attaining in that state the supreme mind as the luminosity and thirdly having realization of the great symbol i will act for recognized himself he will become the good of all beings if I do not attain this I inseparably United with the Dharmakaya will recognize the Bardo state as it is and certainly attain liberation if he entertaining the indivisible great symbol recognizes the first luminosity he will be form in the Bardo I will act for the good of all liberated but if it is feared that he has not beings as limitless as space in whatever recognized the first luminosity then what is way will influence them without letting go of called the second luminosity will shine and this attitude you should remember and that comes when a little more than the time practice whatever meditation teaching you taken to eat a meal has passed after the have received in the past these words respiration has ceased according to good or should be spoken distinctly with the lips bad karma the prana escapes into the right close to his ears so as to remind him of his or left Nadi and comes out through the practice without letting his attention wander apertures of the body and the for even a moment then when respiration consciousness suddenly becomes clear to has completely stopped one should firmly say that this lasts for the time taken to eat a press the arteries of sleep and remind him meal depends on whether he is sensitive or with these words if he was a guru or a insensitive and on whether or not he has spiritual friend higher than oneself sir now practiced then his consciousness emerges the basic luminosity is shining before you and he does not know whether he is dead recognise it and rest in the practice and one or not he will see his relatives gathered should show all others like this Oh child of there just as before and hear their cries noble family listen now the pure luminosity during this time when the violent confused of the Dharma taw is shining before you projections of karma have not yet appeared recognize it Oh child of noble family at this and the terrors of the lords of death have moment your state of mind is by nature of not yet come the instructions should be pure emptiness it does not possess any given here there is a distinction between the nature whatever neither substance nor perfections and the generation stage if he qualities such as color but it is pure was working on the perfection stage one emptiness this is the Dhamma tah the should calls name three times and repeat female Buddha samantabhadra but this the instructions given above for showing the state of mind is not just blank emptiness it is luminosity if he was working on the unobstructed sparkling pure and vibrant this generation stage one should read aloud the mind is the male Buddha samantabhadra sadhana and description of his edom and these to your mind whose nature is remind him with these words Oh child of emptiness without any substance whatever noble family meditate on your yidam and do and your mind which is vibrant and not be distracted concentrate intensely on luminous are inseparable this is the your yidam visualize him as an appearance without substance of his own like the moon important that the great showing of the in water do not visualize him as having a Bardo of Dharma taw is read at this time for solid form if he is an ordinary person one it is very powerful and helpful at this time his should show him by saying meditate on the relatives are crying and weeping his share lord of great compassion there is no doubt of food is stopped his clothes are removed that those who have not recognized the his bed is taken to pieces and so on he can Bardo will grasp it by being shown in this see them but they cannot see him and he way but those who were not adept in can hear them calling him but they cannot meditation even if they were shown by their hear him calling them so he goes away in guru while they were still alive will not be despair three phenomena will appear at this able to clarify the Bardo state by themselves time sounds colored lights and rays of light so that their guru or Dharma brother or and he will grow faint with fear terror and sister must make it clear and it is necessary bewilderment so at this moment the great for someone to instruct those who cannot showing of the Bardo of da matta should be remember during the Bardo of the moment read calling the dead person by name one before death because they were confused should say these words very distinctly Oh by serious illness even though they were child of noble family listened carefully adept in meditation it is also extremely without distraction there are six bardos necessary for those who although they were states the Bardo of birth the Bardo of formerly adept in meditation on this path dreams the Bardo of Samadhi meditation may enter into lower existences because the Bardo of the moment before death the they have broken the precepts or because Bardo of Dharma tah and the Bardo of their samaya practice has degenerated it is becoming Oh child of noble family you will best if he understands during the first Bardo experience three Bardo states the Bardo of but if he has not understood his insight is the moment before death the Bardo of awakened by the reminder in the second Dharma tah and the Bardo of becoming of Bardo and he will be liberated during the these three the luminosity of Dharma taw in second Bardo his consciousness which did the Bardo of the moment before death not know whether he was dead or not shown until yesterday but you did not suddenly becomes clear this is called the recognize it and so you had to wander here pure illusory body if he understands the now you will experience the Bardo of teaching at this time the mother and son Dharma taw and the Bardo of becoming so Dharma ta's meet and he is no longer recognized what I will show you without dominated by karma just as the light of the distraction Oh child of noble family now Sun overcomes darkness so the power of what is called death has arrived you are not karma is overcome by the luminosity of the alone in leaving this world it happens to path and liberation is attained this which is everyone so do not feel desire and yearning called the second Bardo flashes before the for this life even if you feel desire and mental body and the consciousness is able yearning you cannot stay you can only to hear again just as before if this instruction wander in samsara do not desire do not is understood at this time its purpose is yearn remember the three jewels Oh child fulfilled and since the confused projections of noble family whatever terrifying of karma have not yet appeared he is able projections appear in the Bardo of Dharma to direct himself anywhere in this way he is tah do not forget these words but go forward liberated by recognizing the luminosity remembering their meaning the essential during the second Bardo even if he did not point is to recognize with them now when recognize the basic luminosity but if he is the Bardo of Dharma tah dawns upon me I not liberated by it then what is called the will abandon all thoughts of fear and terror I third Bardo the Bardo of Dharma taw arises will recognize whatever appears as my the confused projections of karma will projection and know it to be a vision of the appear in the third Bardo so it is most Bardo now that I have reached this crucial point I will not fear the peaceful and wrathful consciousness is freed from the limitations ones my own projections go forward saying of the physical body and is able to perceive these words clearly and distinctly and a subtle level of existence where everything remembering their meaning do not forget manifests as sounds and colors instead of them for the essential point is to recognize solid material forms underlying all these with certainty that whatever appears appearances is a luminosity the light of however terrifying is your own although the reality and if one can recognize that and Tibetan book traditionally read in order to merge with it one reaches the absolute level guide the spirit of the dead person it is of dharmakaya if one is unable to let go into primarily meant to be studied and practiced that state visions of the Buddha's and other during life not only so that one will be able divine beings appear first in peaceful forms to remember it at the time of death but and then in wrathful forms offering many because its teachings actually refer to this different approaches to enlightenment at the life just as much as they do to any future same time our memories of the ordinary existence Buddhism teaches that nothing is world of suffering or samsara also beckon static or permanent life is a continuous flow us appearing as paths of colored light of interconnected moments the nature of leading us to future rebirth in one of the six each moment is determined by what is gone realms of existence next come terrifying before just as one's next birth is determined experiences of judgment by Mara the Lord by one's actions during this lifetime so we of death and the pursuit and torture by can say that life and death are actually both avenging demons the fundamental teaching taking place at every instant the word Bardo of the whole text is to recognize that these means an intermediate state a gap or a visions are the projections of one's own period of suspension when one situation mind as soon as one realizes this one is has come to an end and another has not yet liberated from the visions finally if one has developed it occurs in the interval between been unable to recognize this one enters two states of mind as well as between the Bardo of becoming the transition to a states of existence such as birth and death future birth in one of the six realms even at any everyday situation of hesitation or this point there are still opportunities to uncertainty or of inner conflict between recognize the luminosity because the focus opposing emotions contains characteristics of the mind is concentrated by intense fear of the intermediate state so do those instead of escaping into a new form of extremes of emotion when one is on the existence the consciousness in the Bardo edge of complete exhaustion or feels one is can stop and confront this fear and so attain approaching the borderline of insanity at liberation from it if this fails the text gives such moments of concentrated energy one instructions on choosing a new birth that will may suddenly enter a neutral state in which be of benefit to oneself and others all these one feels completely free calm and situations described in the Tibetan Book of detached this is an intuitive glimpse of the the Dead can be seen as symbolic or ground of being the nature of mind itself it is visionary pictures of events and called Dharma TOC the essence of things experiences in human life for instance even as they really are it is described as at the last minute there is always the indivisible emptiness and luminosity just possibility of refusing to give in to anger or before death a dying person's passion refusing to be caught up in that consciousness becomes progressively more world and preventing the birth of some and more detached from the external world seemingly inevitable situation the six realms and from the body until it is completely of existence represent both the various concentrated within and there is an states of mind into which our consciousness experience of a sense of internal glow or is continually reborn and the different ways luminosity this is called the Bardo of the of experiencing the world they arise from moment before death after death the the inside emotional reactions to the openness and brilliance of the luminosity kaya's Amitabha infinite light the the realm of hell the lowest of the six realms Dharmakaya peaceful and wrathful Lotus is the most intense dominated by deities the sambhogakaya Padma Sam aggression hatred and anger hell can be Baba protector of beings the nirmanakaya burning hot an environment of this great liberation through hearing the claustrophobic terror or icy cold a frozen means of liberation in the Bardo for yoga isolation that results from pride and pnes of average capacities he's in three resentment towards others the realm of parts the introduction the main subject hungry ghosts develops from greed a matter and the conclusion firstly the hunger that continually increases and can introduction the means of liberating human never be satisfied possession brings no beings first of all one should have studied pleasure to The Hungry Ghost only the instructions which should certainly searching and grasping matter so there is a liberate those of the highest capacities but if sense of endless frustration and they do not one should practice the ejection disappointment even though one is of consciousness which liberates surrounded by food and wealth the animal spontaneously as soon as it is thought of in realm arises from ignorance it is a the Bardo of the moment before death this deliberate turning away playing deaf and should certainly liberate Yoga ins of dumb so as to avoid the brilliant light of average capacity but if it does not one reality it can create a comfortable should strive in this great liberation through predictable way of life but one that is also hearing in the Bardo of Dharma tah very mechanical and without any sense of therefore the ogen should first examine the humor unable to respond to the unexpected sequence of signs of death according to the or the unknown the human realm is based spontaneous liberation of the signs of death on passion and enjoyment it contains and when they are definitely completed he qualities of exploration striving and creativity should effect the ejection of consciousness that may lead to success and fulfillment but which liberates spontaneously as soon as it also suspicion and doubt that continually is thought of if ejection is effected there is undermine the sense of achievement the no need to read the liberation through realm of the jealous gods is based on a hearing but if not it should be read clearly fundamental sense of jealousy or envy as and precisely close to the dead body if the though the very existence of others is a body is not present one should sit on the threat to one's own survival peer no dead person's bed or seat and proclaiming relationship is possible without intrigue one the power of truth call on his consciousness must always be on one's guard against and read imagining him sitting in front hidden enemies and on the watch for listening at this time sounds of crying and opportunities to win either by diplomacy or weeping are not good so his relatives superior strength the realm of gods should be shut out if the body is present develops from pride an instinctive self- then during the interval between the ceasing consciousness which arises when faced of the breath and the ceasing of pulsation in with the impersonal openness of the the arteries his guru or a Dharma brother or luminosity it is the highest realm of self sister whom he loved and trusted should development pleasure all these details read this great liberation through hearing contribute to overwhelming emotional close to his ear the teaching of the liberation impressions just listening in a relaxed open through hearing an elaborate offering and attentive state of mind will make us should be made to the three jewels if the receptive to the inner meaning and we will materials are available but if they are not be able to recognize them as experiences in available one should set out whatever there our own lives and understand their is and visualize the rest without limit one symbolism intuitively the Tibetan Book of should say the inspiration prayer calling on the Dead homage to the gurus the three the Buddha's and Bodhisattvas for rescue seven or three times then loudly recite the this is the Dharma Tao open and empty like inspiration prayer for the deliverance from space luminous void pure naked mind the dangerous pathway of the Bardo and without center or circumference recognized the main verses of the Bardo then read the then and rest in that state and I too will great liberation through hearing seven or show you at the same time this should be three times it is in three parts showing the firmly implanted in his mind by repeating it luminosity in the Bardo of the moment many times over in his ear until he stops before death the great reminder of showing breathing then when the ceasing of the in the Bardo of Dharma tah and the breath is heard one should lay him down on instructions for closing the entrance to the the right side in the Lian position and firmly womb of becoming first showing the press the two pulsating arteries which luminosity in the Bardo of the moment induce sleep until they have stopped before death by having this read to them all throbbing then the prana which has entered kinds of ordinary people who have received the duty will not be able to go back and will teachings but have not recognized although be certain to emerge through the they are intelligent or who have recognized brahmarandra now the showing should be but have practice little will recognize the read at this time the first Bardo which is basic luminosity and bypass the Bardo called the luminosity of Dharma tah the experience to reach the unoriginal undistorted mind of the Dharmakaya and dharmakaya the method of instruction it is peace with the feeling that one is invincible best if his principal guru from whom he and immortal we can easily recognize in requested teaching can be present but these six realms the familiar psychological otherwise a Dharma brother or sister with states of daily life but at the same time we whom he has taken the samaya vowel or a always possess within us inherent Buddha spiritual friend in the same lineage if none of nature the latent possibility of enlightenment these are to be found then someone who which appears as aspects of wisdom or can read aloud clearly and precisely should enlightenment corresponding to our read it several times this will remind him of particular tendencies in the intermediate what his guru has shown him and he will state they manifest as the five to takata's or immediately recognize the basic luminosity Buddha's inviting us to dissolve into the rays and be liberated there is no doubt the time of light that stream out from their hearts the of instruction when respiration has ceased five wisdoms are the liberated energy of prana is absorbed into the wisdom duty and enlightenment but in samsara they are luminosity free from complexities shines distorted into the five negative emotions or clearly in the consciousness if prana is poisons they are also known as the five reversed and escapes into the and left families to which all living things belong the nahdi's the bardo state appears suddenly so first of the two toccatas in the center of the the reading should take place before the mandala is verona and his family is known prana escapes into the right and left nahdi's simply as the tatata of buddha family it is the length of time during which the inner associated with the basic poison of pulsation remains after respiration has confusion or ignorant which it deliberately ceased is just about the time taken to eat a ignores and out of which all the other meal the method of instruction it is best if poisons evolve but Verona also embodies ejection of consciousness is affected when the wisdom of Dharma due to the limitless the respiration is just about to stop but if it all-pervading space in which everything has not been affected one should say these exists as it really is the truth that reverses words Oh child of noble family now the time ignorance the second to takata is uh cobia has come for you to seek a path as soon as in the eastern side of the mandala he is the your breath stops what is called the basic ruler of the Vajra family whose poison is luminosity of the first Bardo which your guru aggression or hatred this is transmuted into has already shown you will appear to you the mirror like wisdom which reflects everything calmly and clearly in the qualities of the five families continue but southern side of the mandala is rotten now their energy is expressed in a very Assam bhava ruler of the rotten of family dramatic and powerful way this is the Ratna means jewel and in particular the ruthless unyielding quality of peacefulness wish-granting gem which magically grants which does not allow any escape all desires so here the poison is pride fundamentally the quality of the Five resulting from the possession of spiritual or Families is a peaceful state because it is material riches its antidote and completely stable and nothing can disturb it corresponding wisdom is the wisdom of the tremendous energy of that peaceful equality and equanimity in the West is state now manifests itself as wrathful is Amitabha whose family is Padma the Lotus often described as compassionate anger the poison of this family is desire or passion anger without hatred these transformations grasping hungrily at everything and its to have counterparts in our own lives as wisdom is the wisdom of discrimination their active energy increases not only do the which provides the coolness and possibilities for insight increase but also the carefulness that allows for passion to be possibility of danger for instance psychic transformed into compassion lastly in the experiences and the awareness of the north is a Moga city ruler of the karma magic of life belong to the realm of the family karma means action and is vidyadhara z-- while the activity of the symbolized by a sword or double Vadra Haruka's might be felt as an accident or a envy is the poison associated with karma sudden shock that wakes one up to reality arising from the insatiable ambition that after the Haruka's a whole crowd of other drives this kind of activity while it's fierce and terrifying deities appears each enlightened aspect is the wisdom that symbolizing a specific quality of accomplishes all actions the Teta kata is enlightenment upon carrying out a particular embody the transcendent qualities of function of the individual consciousness enlightenment their absolute existence they again and again we are reminded that these are united with their consorts the fertile visions come from our mind and we need feminine energy which completes them and only recognize them as our own projections allows them to manifest they are attended in order to be liberated from them in the text by male and female Bodhisattvas which it says that all this is meant to remind the represent the principle of active dead person of what he has already engagement for the sake of all beings at practiced during his life but we can still use first these deities appear in peaceful form the essential principles of the teaching to they simply reveal the existence of help those who are not familiar with it by enlightenment immovable and invincible the opening our minds to them and transmitting beginningless and endless state of absolute our own sense of warmth stability and peace such a pure and personal state may confidence if one is close to someone who appear threatening as well as attractive is dying it is very important to be truthful which leads us into the next vision the about what is happening so that there is vidyadharas the section tears are simply complete mutual trust friendship and expressions of the same Buddha nature communication as the person's physical and seen in a different light they are the essence mental condition deteriorates he or she of communication the divine form of the develops a higher awareness of the tantric guru possessing power over the surrounding emotional atmosphere so that magical aspects of the universe they one's own state of mind is extremely combine elements of both the peaceful and important and becomes part of the dying wrathful deities if we do not respond to the person it is impossible to know what communication of the vidya Duras they someone in the intermediate state is going become transformed into the wrathful through or whether you are still having any manifestations the Haruka's the basic real contact with a person but the essential thing is to continue to provide this stable russian empire to the north is tibet a no- environment so that automatically the man's land between rival powers 1903 with consciousness in the Bardo will be attracted imperial pomp and ceremony the Viceroy to that when one listens to the Tibetan Book Lord Curzon enters Delhi lord curzon has of the Dead although all the symbolic details urged a forward policy in Afghanistan in are significant it is not necessary to analyze Tibet there are rumors concerning the and remember them all in order to benefit Russians there seems little does that from the text. Russian agents have been in Lhasa the Tibetans totally refused to answer the Viceroy whatever the Russian designs on India I hold that the first duty of an English statesman is to render any hostile intention futile and a bold move might float the Russians we must have a treaty with the Tibetans since they refused to talk to us we must send a mission to Lhasa the expedition assembled its siliguri on the borders of Sikkim 400 miles from Lhasa the mission is to be led by Colonel Young husband the escort 8th Gurkhas 23rd Sikh pioneer this written I wrote to my wife it really was rather fun there's something so compelling about forbidden cities we were just like schoolboys with excitement I met two major generals each independently remarks that Tibet would be an a.1 place for couriers the pass which leads into Tibet is at at the beginning of this century no living 14,400 feet there's something so strange European had set eyes on Lhasa this holy about the atmosphere at such an altitude city of Tibet Tibet was a forbidden land we one feels one we're on another planet the have explored to the ends of the earth but Tibetans had built a wall right across our this one country remains unseen unvisited line of much our orders were to advance to shrouded in impenetrable mystery on the Lhasa to negotiate a treaty but avoid a roof of the world Tibet is one of the last battle there as they said to avoid a battle but secret places on earth it is out of bounds oppose our advance it was absurd we and it stirs men's curiosity what is this marched right up to their wall and started to unknown country of monks and monasteries rest their muskets from them the situation with its guard king the Dalai Lama this film was very tense [Applause] they just walked tells the story of the unveiling of Tibet but away why in the name of all their borders the Tibet that is revealed in this film is gone didn't they run it was a most dismal victory forever in 1950 the Chinese invaded and we plunged on into the unknown towards swept away the old order now you'll never Lhasa there was tremendous excitement see the Tibet that 80 years ago so stirred tomorrow August the 4th 1904 when we men's curiosity then concealed behind the enter Lhasa the Forbidden City of the Dalai Himalayas Tibet was one mystery in the Lama an epoch in the world's history will 19th century had left to the 20th to explore have been marked we will have unveiled the 1900 the Himalayas marked the northern last mystery of the East it is nearly 100 border of the British Indian empire it years since Thomas Manning the only stretches 2,000 miles from China in the East Englishman until whoever saw Lhasa to Afghanistan in the West a buffer state preceded us we found the city squalid and between the British and the expanding filthy medieval there must have been the same for centuries the Tibetans didn't thing that could possibly help them to consider themselves the least debris actually go have a chance to go to loss of conquered and above all this the Potala the the Forbidden City journey took about three abode of the Dalai Lama that frowning cliff weeks an exciting thing was it was a place of a thousand cyclist windows and hidden nobody else went to the very inaccessibility corridors it captured and held the of Tibet was part of its allure there was only imagination the lamas behind those blind this one route to Lhasa the yaks and mules walls invoking the aid of their magic to they only transport possible across the overthrow the intruders who had destroyed Himalayas onto the high plateau of Tibet it the inviolability from their sacred place the was the same route that young husband Dalai Lama had achieved the impossible had taken nearly 30 years earlier the first vanished been spirited into the air his flight stage of the journey up from India was was rarely a secret it added fearfully to the familiar to British political officers mystery of the place for two months we responsible for relations with Tibet an were in Lhasa attempting to find an official essential qualification for them was to have who in the absence of the Dalai Lama would done a spell as British trade agent at agree terms we wanted the Tibetans to Yangtze Tibet second-largest town halfway have no dealings with any foreign power ie to Lhasa but even the political officers could the Russians without first consulting us that not go much beyond Yancey without a was the crux of the matter eventually special invitation from Lhasa outside Ganci someone was found to sign the treaty on the Tsangpo River was the barrier that October the 6th 1904 the British marched could not be crossed without that invitation out the veil had been briefly drawn aside but since the Russia revolution the Russian the air of mystery about the Forbidden City threat to India real or imaginary had faded remained now for nearly twenty years no the northern border of the Indian Empire European was to go beyond Ganci halfway seemed secure and the British had prefer to to lhasa where under the terms of the treaty leave Tibet alone it hopefully encouraged a British trade agency was established others notably the Chinese to do so Bell had some six years later two British sergeants at waited eight years before being allowed to a telegraph post on India's border with Tibet accept his invitation to visit the Dalai Lama were woken by the unexpected news but but in 1932 Tibet was having trouble with the Dalai Lama was outside he had fled this the Chinese on our eastern border major time from invading Chinese who claimed where had succeeded in getting himself Tibet to be part of China the Dalai Lama invited up to Lhasa to help find a solution was escorted into India he stayed in India Britain was anxious to maintain good for two years much of the time at the relations with both China and Tibet it was a residency of the British political officer in sign of how rarely any European visited Sikkim Charles Bell here with his secretary Lhasa that those few who did invariably took a great friendship developed between movie cameras with them outside Lhasa Charles Bell and the Dalai Lama when the we're was welcomed by a guard of honor Chinese were expelled from Tibet in 1912 from the tibetan army the first duty of the the Dalai Lama returned to Lhasa and political officers on arriving at Lhasa was to Charles Bell was invited to visit him wear visit the Dalai Lama the mysterious God bells invitation had opened the way his king of Tibet he could be quite worldly as successors as British political officers in C the wife of we're successor recalls he got Kim were later able to follow when in 1932 down from his throne and had two chairs another political officer in Sikkim a major brought in and he and I said together and Weir and his wife went to Lhasa for this their we went on eating fresh peaches first second visit they took with them their airshed in charlotte and they were just sat daughter Jo Mary I was only 19 at the time and talked but it was all quite informal what so you can imagine it was the most thrilling impressed me with his ears they're so huge and he had piercing eyes he never missed a in lhasa the region finally arrived from the trick and he had very long fingernails you monastery of retting 60 miles from lhasa know you felt him inspired you with once the reagent had arrived in Lhasa we something I need to be in his presence in called on him he was 24 he didn't suffer 1935 two years later the Wharton's went good health but he had a very active brain again to Lhasa accompanied by a dr. he would remain as regent till Dalai Lama Guthrie the 13th Dalai Lama had died the was found and after that until the Dalai previous year while the Tibet was searched Lama could take over frederick william's for the child in whom the God of mercy who had been ill for some time he died in would return a regent was to preside at Lhasa to continue his work another mission Lhasa the purpose of this visit was to greet went to loss of the following year it was led the Regent on his installation to mediate in by basil Gould who had succeeded william yet another dispute that the Benton's were sellner's political officer in Sikkim we were a having with the Chinese and to further good large party Philip NIEM VC came to give the relations between the British and Tibet the Tibetan government such advice as they person I every time you saw it it always might need on military matters and Hugh impressed you little town of loss I had about Richardson on my right here came on with 20,000 people in it all the shops they're not us up to Lhasa I'd lose the battle gold in the inside anything they just put these shades northwest frontier and he knew I was up and you could buy anything practically interested in Tibet and he very kindly sent the first duty for the British mission was to for me as his assistant political officer well receive the Tibetan cabinet and the Prime the purpose was the same basically as all Minister and then after that we had a the preceding missions but had a sharper children's party there never been one in intention because after the death of the 13th Lhasa before and then they thoroughly Dalai Lama the Chinese had managed to enjoyed that and they had all these races get a small mission into Lhasa and there and egg-and-spoon and data races sack seemed no good reason why we should races and ding sure he was head of the leave them holding the field when Sir Basil police big men he came and helped we also Gould found he had to go back to his post in gave a firework party and that was a roaring Sikkim he simply informed the Tibetan success and we had the Catherine wheels government that I would be staying on to and the Rockettes and you know the things deal with outstanding questions and the of blazed and bangs well of course it never Chinese didn't go and we didn't go nobody been heard of out there before it was part had really been in NASA for so long and we of the mission to visit the monasteries had to find out who was important and who particularly grateful where the were reputed was friendly and to get to know how the to be seven thousand seven hundred Tibetans thought and how they lived Tibetan months most of them had to keep to their society was always conscious that there it rooms in case they got out of hand curiosity had two aspects one was the laymen and it was about a mile from the road and really the other was the monk and the monks looked like either Malta or the Rivera it was were they the most important part of it but so big it had four colleges and we went lhasa as a town was essentially a small through the mall and the kitchens another medieval city it was also comparable with thing we did was to give an ashy lhamo the Middle Ages in the way that pilgrimage which is a religious play and it lost it for was extremely important Tibet had a small three days we had the Prime Minister and population about two million spread over a the cabinet all the different ranks of officials country half as large as Europe outside man is put into a trance and he's supposed Lhasa on the high plateau the majority of to give birth to a baby because I wrote it the people were nomads living in yak hair laughter it was all fun make-believe after tents much of Tibet was at an altitude of the williamson's have been nearly 2 months 14,000 feet the land bear and Baron at lower levels though good crops of barley when he arrived he behaved with most were grown in the river valleys by peasant superb compulsion to their formal farmers for all the people of Tibet Lhasa installation in the Potala didn't take this until was very much the heart of the country the next year earlier next year when Sir Lhasa was the other heart and soul of Basil Gould came on a special mission for Tibet's the whole government was centered the purpose with proper presence for the there apart from district officers in remote occasion no European had ever before parts and it was and had been for centuries been present in Lhasa at the installation of a the center of religion the amount population dalai lama in the audience hall the column was largely centered outside the city of of those seeking a blessing was held back Lhasa in two or three great monasteries the all seemed to be aware that they were in the biggest of them we had up to 10,000 monks presence of a presence he was seated in and contained temples and assembly halls the gloom high on his throne cross-legged and colleges for the monks to live in it was in the attitude of buddha a white scarf was always supposed that a third of the male placed around my neck and two small cool population in Tibet became monks it was hands laid steadily on my head and so the possible to be chosen to enter monastery brief audience ended our gifts were the age five or six it was considered a presented to the monks who had charge of matter of pride and prestige for the family to the Dalai Lama and within minutes the Dalai have at least one monk in the monastery Lama's eight-year-old brother was on the they were trained in the reading of religious spot to find out how everything worked eight texts and a very important activity was days after our audience a mile-long route of debating religious problems of great colour assembled to escort the Dalai Lama complexity and they would meet in little from the Norbulingka Summer Palace to the parks attached to their monastery and Potala well I think we'd known before we spend hours in a rather formalized form of wintered I said that everybody who'd been debating and discussion like a medieval there before had found the Tibetans a very monastery they were a community they had good company indeed very hospitable and cooks they had sweepers they had police good mannered we usually have large they had musicians and those who were garden parties and which officials came with skilled in ritual monks also held an their wives and their children and we gave important place in government when Hugh them a large luncheon usually a cinema Richardson was in Lhasa the main concern show and played games in in the garden of the Tibetan government was to find the and once first exposure to be at you had reincarnation of the Dalai Lama and the sense of wonderment and excitement which most promising candidate they found was gave way to their understanding that you discovered in territory under Chinese control were living in a very well ordered society it the question was how could they get him was very evil and it was deliberately so in a back to Lhasa without Chinese influence way deliberately undeveloped materially coming back now very prolonged spiritually and in general intelligence it was negotiations about that in fact eventually the highly developed British in India regarded Tibetan government had to buy him and we Tibet as a very convenient buffer between helped them of that we provided them with a themselves and China the frontier was lot of silver so that they could pay the virtually unmanned they didn't need to have ransom and a special party went out to a any defenses on the frontier there was no huge reception camp to meet him to bring danger of invasion or hostile forces of any him in in state and I went out on the day and sort along the whole of that long frontier pretty early and we were weighted and from the dark all the way to Assam the there's tremendous excitement in the sir Chinese however had always considered about his coming it took a very long time Tibet to be part of China in 1943 a new this is a very small boy he was under five nationalist Chinese commissioner dr. Shen song yen came to Lhasa he filmed his own years after he left Lhasa Heinrich Harrer arrival and later wrote of it the moment you wrote the story of his seven years in Tibet to set foot in Tibet you wonder can this really this day I can find no words to express how be shangri-la the promised Wonderland it is overwhelming were our sensations our bleak and barren wrapped in silence when minds exhausted by hardship could not you draw near the heart of the Hermit absorb the shock of so many and such Kingdom you begin to realize that you are powerful impressions Lhasa it was like heading into a society fossilize many years some forgotten fairy tale of the East the back outside Lhasa I was welcomed by nobody stopped us or bothered us we members of the Chinese community and realized that no one not even a European officials of the Tibetan government I had was suspect because no one had ever been charged to keep open the caravan before come to Lhasa without a pass it is route to war-torn China to counter British probable that no country in the world would influence and to strengthen the ties between welcome to pure fugitives as Tibet China and Tibet since 1911 Tibet has to all welcomed us the world we had come from practical purposes enjoyed full was still at war half Europe was in ruins and independence but Tibet and China for many our country was going through hard times hundreds of years have been bound by a we had nowhere else to go after the initial spiritual and earthly connection the Buddhist furor of unexpected arrival in Lhasa we religion of Tibet guarded by the aid and were invited to stay at the house of the protection of China a relationship that has famous Sarang Sarang a former cabinet been weakened by Wars and revolution in minister was now in charge of the Lhasa China Tibet in the 1940s was still the mint his was a large house with a beautiful Forbidden Land closed to all foreigners garden everyone wanted to see us we were except these few political officers British and the talk of the town and had a constant Chinese countering each other's influence stream of visitors many of whom became on the fringes of their respective empires good friends I was to live in Lhasa for five but there is one European an Austrian who years and became an employee of the came to know Tibet at this time more department government among our visitors intimately than any other and by way of very were many highly placed monks who different circumstances in 1939 I was courteously bought gifts I got to know many climbing in the Himalayas when the second of them well when I later became a friend of world war broke out we were interned by the the young Dalai Lama the Dalai Lama the British in India and together with a friend I living Buddha a child but the heart of the escaped from the prison camp and after concentrated faith of thousands in the crossing the Himalayas and wandering for spring he would leave the Potala in a about two years we reached Lhasa it was gorgeous procession for the summer palace January the 15th 1946 when we for the first it marked the beginning of the warm season time saw the gleaming golden roofs of the pilgrims from the remotest parts of Tibet Potala we felt inclined kneeling down on our would undergo countless hardships in order knees like the Tibetan pilgrims to Wendy for to witness once in their lives this brilliant the first time see this holy palace of the manifestation of their religious faith first Dalai Lama it was late in the afternoon came servants with the god-kings personal when we reached this famous western gate effects carried in bundles at an interval we walked just through together with all the behind road marks with banners decorated other pilgrims with the merchants with with texts then I heard the unmistakable farmers with caravans with donkeys sound of the British national anthem I bringing loads into Plaza we had read so learned later that the band master had been much about this holy city it was forbidden trained in India high dignitaries and senior the whole country was forbidden and we members of the god Kings household or had reached the dream of our life some monks with the rank of Abbot were approaching and behind them the Yellow everyone scrambles for a ride to the island suit lined palanquin of the Dalai Lama happy crowds throne the banks towards the himself [Applause] behind the Dalai Lama fun - the citified people of lhasa the sama came the secular authorities in descending means camping and picnics among the order of rank we could not close our hearts common folk in particular the best traditions to the religious fervor that radiated from of nomadic life are kept alive in the fifth every one religion is the heart and fabric of months they put up their tents in the Groves Tibet the daily life of the people ordered by along the kichu river crowding certain spots their religious beliefs the first months of the till it is like a bazaar for a week or a fortnight year is the holy month a month of a hundred or even longer people play games and thousand merits from the first day men and mahjong and musical instruments inside the women rich and poor walked the link o the tents parties and more games are going on holy walk around Lhasa it is the most with much laughter the camping season is a popular way to acquire merit for this is the time enjoyed by everyone by now we were month Lord Buddha was born and the effect beginning to feel at home and accepted in of every deed one does is multiplied a Lhasa when we first arrived we had been hundred thousand times in all my years in afraid that we would be sent back to Tibet I never met anyone who expressed internment in India at the request of the the slightest doubt about the truth of Lord British government Hugh Richardson being Buddha's teachings pious texts are the representative of the British government constantly on their lips prayer wheels turn and since we had escaped from a British unceasing whole families are out to walk the prison camp in India he still had in his files link or husbands wives children servants or the order to get us out of the country of murmuring their prayers the more zealous course India is everybody knows became ones do prostrations they measure their full independent country and Richardson had to lengths on the ground others for whom this be replaced by an Indian officer but that is not enough measure their widths the took another year because the in and said whole distance charity is poured upon in the proper man to replace Richardson so beggars forgiving of charity brings added he stayed on for another year but then it merit some sit beside running streams was higher in your faith the man Hugh dipping images of Buddha into the current Richardson we tried this to get us out of on the 15th of the month the whole body of Tibet it was we who went to the kitchen river government officials in their brilliant silk and waved farewell to him then he had to costumes is led by the four cabinet leave lhasa before us all the turmoils and ministers around the holy walk there is a changes in the world had passed Tibet by beautiful an informal festival on this day at here life continued its obligatory course the the dragon temple on an island in a lake seventh month is the time of opera vast behind the Potala there's a holiday throngs of people come to see a Flower atmosphere wine and food shops spring up Show and dramatic performances given on picnic parties are everywhere the a great stone stage in the garden of the government ministers preside over a small Summer Palace I could not but be ceremony in the dragon temple afterwards astonished at the frankness of some of the they are rode around the island in hide performances it is proof of the good humour boats and they sink five treasures into the and sanity of the people that they can make lake as a dedication to the gods after a fun of their own weaknesses and even of short time in tibet it was impossible for me their religious institutions men appear to kill a fly it may be the reincarnation of a dressed as nuns it brings the house down dead relative if at a picnic an insect falls into in the autumn the Dalai Lama would return a cup of tea it is a catastrophe it must at all from the no blinker with pomp and costs be saved from drowning the de circumstance to the Potala it marked the battens are gentle laughter loving people end of the warm season and the beginning of winter I would feel sad for the child guard attendants the generals lead an army of a who was now to be isolated in that dark and thousand soldiers in ancient army long ago gloomy fortress while in the town below a Muslim army marching on Lhasa was other children were enjoying themselves overtaken by heavy snowstorms the arms despite its altitude snow is rare in Lhasa and armor of the frozen soldiers were even in winter winter is the time of the New brought in triumph to Lhasa and now they Year celebrated in Tibet by the great prayer are brought out every year as these soldiers festival on the last day of the old year the wage their phantom war against the forces 29th day of the 12th months which falls in of evil the New Year ceremonies were not our February there is a dance drama in the yet at an end now came and athletics stone courtyard of the eastern wing of the gathering this too was an important ritual Potala it is a solemn drama concerning the that had to be performed we watched it from chastisement of evil spirits by black-headed the second floor of the Chinese Legation priests the climax of the show comes when men came out of the crowd to take each the leading priest tosses a cup full of wine other on in wrestling bouts that had their on to a picture of a demon in a boiling pot of own particular rules there was no distinction oil at a New Year Festival speaking every between winners and losers Moe's got a year a man climbs a high pole erected reward next came a weightlifting below the Potala to a revolving plank to competition the weights a very heavy amuse the vast crowds which packed the smooth stone which must have seen narrow streets of Gaza for the three-week hundreds of New Year festivals on the 24th festival while the civil servants take part in of the months the state Oracle who when in archery competitions a tradition dating back a trance is consulted on important matters to Mongol times on the third day the 20,000 of state is brought from the cathedral to an monks from the great monasteries descend immense religious ceremony in front of the into Lhasa doubling its population it is the Potala where there is a vast gathering of start of a strict and formidable regime for monks the state Oracle predicts specific three weeks the monks take over the events for the year to come his trance over running of the town it symbolizes the return the Oracle faints and is borne away on a of secular power to religion where ultimately palanquin while the monks converge on two all power lies the airboats of the three great vast brushwood pyres on which effigies of a monasteries procedure the Jo Kang skull symbolizing the evils of the past year Cathedral in the center of Lhasa they are are ceremonially burned the last event of the magistrates of the city handover their the great prayer festival is a test of keys of office and bow before the new horsemanship the most popular of all the powers the fifteenth day of the new year is spectacles it is probably a survival of former one of the great days from the windows of great military parades in the past feudal one of sarang's houses overlooking the lords had at certain times to march their main street we saw strange frame like troops past their overlord to show their objects rising from the ground they were readiness for war it recalls the warlike days four sculptures made by the monks out of of the Mongols when marvelous feats of butter of different colors in the evening there horsemanship were the order of the day the is a competition between monasteries in the generals assistants announced that each production of these masterpieces but by contingent is present and correctly attired daybreak they will have vanished their then when the competitors themselves have destruction is to drive home the Buddhist paid their respects to their commander the theme that all life is transitory and has no games can begin the great festivals are more substance than dreams in front of the really an occasion for displaying pomp and cathedral the abbot's ruling lhasa seat power and the high dignitaries know that themselves in preparation for the arrival of they owe it to the people to make a good two ceremonial generals and their show the common people enjoy no luxury themselves but appreciate it in their battles when on the last day of the festival our four cabinet ministers exchange their costly headdresses for the red fringed hats of their servants in order to show for a moment their quality with the people the enthusiasm and admiration of the public knows no bounds I was enjoying life in Tibet and had made many friends it was an arcade country intentionally undeveloped in our sense but in its own special way it was a sophisticated cultural society and it worked the people were happy with the way they lived these games were held each year on the open ground behind the Potala in front of the house where in 1904 Younghusband had stayed then he and his mission were the first europeans of the time to see lhasa i visit the once forbidden land of Tibet high in didn't know it then but i forty-five years later the Himalayas on a search for an earthly it was to be the last european to see the old paradise did off Hitler sent an expedition tibet the chinese who are about to enforce here looking for a legendary race of their claim that tibet is part of china it was supermen with strange occult powers the about during the New Year celebrations in Himalayas the rooftop of the world a 1949 that a Tibetans and specially the mountain fortress protecting the remote land government tried realized the real threat of of Tibet a nation closed to outsiders for the Chinese Communists they had already centuries leading many to speculate about conquered Syrian Kurdistan in the north and what astonishing secrets this desolate place even the parts bordering Eastern Tibet the might hide in the 1930s the book and movie Tibetans were afraid of being occupied by Lost Horizon captured the imaginations of the Chinese they knew of prostitue Chinese audiences across the world and brought a Communists will not tolerate their religion new word to the English language a term for then one day the Tibetan government an earthly paradise shangri-la for centuries decided to expand the whole Chinese explorers from around the world have mission in Lhasa they were complemented searched for a utopian community hidden out with a big band of musicians and somewhere in Asia isolated from the scarves around their necks and for the corruption of civilization in Tibet such a Tibetans it meant that they wanted to show secret utopian community may be more to the whole world that they are an than just a fantasy shangri-la may be based independent country I realized of course on a heritage of customs and traditions of a myself that the writing was on the wall of the legendary paradise called Shambhala old Tibet and His Holiness the Dalai Lama located here in the most isolated the most said the threat is so imminent you must inaccessible part of the world the concept of leave right away you might be the first day such a paradise or shangri-la is one of we'll take prisoners I'd escaped from the mankind's oldest dreams the Tibetan name British into Tibet and it was certainly the last for Tibet is the land of eternal snow the place in the world from where you had great mountain of Tibet are staggering when thought you would have to escape again in you see them it is easy to imagine that they 1950 the Chinese invaded nothing remains lead to a utopian paradise that they connect of that Tibet that 80 years ago was called heaven and earth Tibet has been the the one mystery the 19th century had left to destination for a handful of intrepid the 20th to explore . explorers lured by the promise of a hidden saw often visions of Shambhala inspired by paradise they were determined to discover his research and interviews there's one whether the object of their obsession was painting that Nicholas Vera did called merely a romantic fantasy or a real place burning of darkness and in it he depicts a lying just beyond the next mountain the group of men emerging from the mountains search would attract explorers and mystics the first is carrying a box from which archaeologists and artists all daring to emanates of the blue flame and this blue infiltrate a nation that had closed its borders saturates the entire painting some scholars to the outside world legend held that here speculate that these men were the in the Himalayas there lived a race of Mahatma's Masters of Shambhala Rarick spiritual supermen whose knowledge and wrote about his experiences in a book powers exceeded those known to Western called Shambhala in search of the new era science in the early 20th century that belief it remains a mystery whether rare actually was spread by an occult religious found Shambhala the physical Shambhala movement the Theosophists one however there are certain indications that theosophist became so enraptured with this he believed he did he apparently brought a concept that he mounted an expedition to letter written by the Mahatma's to the search for shangri-la this is the Rorick commissar of Soviet Russia when he visited expedition we shut out from America the Soviet Russia in 1926 how he received this clan the King Alexander third mountains letter who wrote it how it came into his which ring a territory whose customs and hands was it given to him directly by people people had never been recorded Victoria he felt were genuine Mahatma's we do not Lee he was Nicholas Rarick a Russian born know he never announced that he had artist and his efforts to locate Shambhala actually discovered Shambhala except in a would eventually result in his nomination for mystic visionary sense he read of the the Nobel Peace Prize Nicholas Berg legends he read the Tibetans books about believed that the physical realm of their voyages spiritual voyages to Shambhala was hidden deep in the Shambhala and inspired by those he Himalayas and when he arrived in the described Shambhala to a Western Himalayas it was all that he hoped it would audience when he returned to civilization he be end of the forbidden city of Lhasa comes did so with renewed calling his was a cause the expedition the colors the light the that would gain influential followers and lead mountains themselves they were both to a secret mission for the American exquisitely beautiful to him and spiritually government Rarick set out to create an very meaningful Rarick was no dilettante his international treaty by which the nations of quest was both scientific and spiritual for the world would respect and preserve three years from 1925 to 1928 the Rarick cultural treasures like the potala palace in expedition explored Tibet and the heart of times of war they would be protected under Asia they endured terrible hardships in the the banner of peace three red spheres harsh winters five people died the surrounded by a red circle on a white field a expedition covered more than 15,000 miles design Rarick had repeatedly seen in Tibet and crossed 35 of the highest mountain on rock paintings and banners the Rarick passes in the world the expedition traveled pact gained the support of political leaders under two flags the Stars and Stripes and including Henry Wallace the Secretary of the banner of Shambhala all through Eric's Agriculture in Franklin Roosevelt's New Trek he raised over his tent the banner of Deal administration Wallace arranged for Shambhala which was a Tibetan Tonka the treaty to be signed by 21 countries at pétanque ax is a Tibetan painting on silk the White House under FDR's watchful eye and he raised it over his tents because it he Santa Rarick back to Central Asia in was some kind of a spiritual protection 1935 ostensibly looking for drought resistant perhaps or a hope Rarick painted what he grasses but we now know he also had a second clandestine assignment of course probably looking for it hoping that he'd find Marik's mission was not only to find these these learned advanced people and that grasses but to search one footnote when they were all Aryan or something but Hitler Wallace ran for president as an independent is said to have sent expeditions to search in candidate in 1948 the release of his letters European mines for the entrance to Agartha to Rarick beginning dear guru destroyed his and Nazi Alpine specialists were reported credibility with voters and Wallace's on isolated peaks in Tibet but Westerners campaign was through in 1935 at the time could not bring back proof of shangri-la here of Rarick smishing the Great Depression in Tibet the legend of a hidden paradise gripped the country people yearned for a dates back almost 800 years before the utopian solution to the hard times with war birth of Christ when it was introduced by a clouds on the horizon in Europe the release prince from India the Buddha he called it of the movie Lost Horizon by director Frank Shambhala a number of ancient Buddhist Capra based on the book by James Hilton books allude to the location of Shambhala captured the hearts of a generation it comes describing it as a magical kingdom hidden as no surprise to me that James Hilton among snow-capped mountains far to the chose Tibet as the setting for lost horizons north yet some of them point to the Tian because of Tibet's mystery its extraordinary Shan region to the west of the Gobi Desert beauty its towering mountains its desolate the isolated Tian Shan region described in plateaus its endless skies Lost Horizons the guidebooks is not far from this place describes a person who is lost in an dune Wang a Chinese site that is the center airplane crash and finds a Hidden Valley of a remarkable archeological find hundreds filled with magical wise persons who have of caves and grottoes are carved into these the power of immortality and who have a sandstone cliffs called the cave of a sane and a peaceful and a spiritual Society thousand buddhas it is a sanctuary that is and as long as you stay there you do not nearly 1600 years old the interiors of the age in the movie Ronald Colman plays caves are elaborately decorated with Conway a sensitive British diplomat who Buddhist paintings and statues that may be was groomed to be the high Lamas depictions of Shambhala in 1900 at our successor but he is forced to leave to monks pleura the caves unlocked a secret protect his brother who has fallen in love passage to a room full of Buddhist with an exotic girl from shangri-la but the girl manuscripts paintings and books among has lied about her age in a horrifying them is one believed to be one of the oldest sequence the girl withers growing old and books in the world dating to the Year 868 dying before our eyes the phenomenal these manuscripts hold secrets never impact of the movie inspired President before seen by modern man perhaps they Roosevelt to name the presidential retreat are the source of the legend of Shambhala shangri-la but while the benign message of scholars have spent years attempting to Lost Horizon struck a chord in the West decipher the texts some of them in other more sinister forces were at work on languages that are completely unknown a his expedition Nicholas Rarick heard of a few have speculated that the caves hide the subterranean paradise called Agartha with entrances to tunnels leading to the Shambhala as its capital Agartha underground paradise called Agartha supposedly had tunnels penetrating imagine yourself traversing this place the hundreds of miles through the Earth's crust wind's blowing there's no greenery to be and was said to be inhabited by a race of seen there jagged rocks and then coming supermen who possessed occult powers suddenly upon a place where there is but this was 1935 and none other than greenery where human beings relate to aught of Hitler himself was intrigued by each other without fear this would be shown Agartha and its race of supermen who below according to the sacred books the knows why he was looking for shangri-la kingdoms inhabitants live in peace free of crime and hunger in an earthly paradise of treacherous that it was physically incomparable beauty but why here in this inaccessible then how would the Tibetans far-off inhospitable part of the world perhaps have gotten there the way they voyaged one answer lies in the harsh landscape itself was through out-of-body journey the tibetan where humans are humbled by the science of mental control is so sophisticated grandeur of the mountainous panorama an that tibetan adepts have learned to control ordinary being perceives a place of suffering their mind during dreams and to travel in dry barren rock and enlightened being seize what they call a dream body to other places that place as it really is the world doesn't to speak with people to interact with them to change only our perceptions of it change be in those places while their physical body hence some people see ordinary dry desert remains at home in their bed so through this other people see jumbo and given that it is mode of travel the Tibetans went to in the heart of Asia it is not surprising that Shambhala reported on it and wrote books people would imagine that in that area about what it was like whether or not it would be paradises special magic lands that actually exists or ever did exist Shambhala wizards and angels would hide secret has had a significant influence on the refuges therefore people fleeing the normal culture and history of Tibet confirmation of human problems a nomadic people the the faith of the Tibetan people can be found Tibetans know the inner meaning of an everywhere prayer flags fluttering in the impermanent existence at altitudes of wind are universal in Tibet so long as they 14,000 feet every breath can be a moment are moving they are recording prayers for of contemplation when the Buddha's words the benefit of those who put them up the of love and compassion first reached this faithful walk always turning a small place in the seventh century the Tibetans handheld prayer wheel filled with minut were a fierce tribe over the next thousand prayers printed on thin paper or turning years while they conquered their many larger prayer wheels revolving with literally enemies the practice of Buddhism became tons of paper prayers could Shambhala be deeply rooted and then the Tibetans did found through prayer and meditation there something unique in the history of human may be clues here in one of the most civilization they exchanged weapons of sacred sites in Tibet the potala palace for destruction for monasteries of centuries the monumental home to the god enlightenment by the dawn of the 20th kings the Tibetans call the Dalai Lama the century there were over 6,000 monasteries holy city of Lhasa at an altitude of 12,000 in Tibet sheltering more than a quarter of feet is called the place of the gods the white the population of the entire country who walls and glimmering gold roofs of the devoted their lives to the search for inner Potala Palace appear to grow out of the peace in all of Europe at the height of the sheer cliffs myriad windows shine like a Middle Ages there were only 2,000 thousand eyes along the enormous monasteries so imagine a small country of perimeter of the Potala what wisdom lies eight million people sustaining six thousand hidden within the sacred walls of this monasteries some of them with thousands magnificent structure does it contain of months for centuries behind the closed evidence of the lost paradise of Shambhala doors of Tibet's ancient monasteries it is so the Tibetans believe that at the heart of speculated that the secret location of a the Potala there is a kind of spiritual ritual hidden paradise may have been passed on magical machinery of maintaining contact from one generation of monks and Lamas to with the force of Shambhala which is the the next when asked the monks always said force of the time machine Buddha the Shambhala was located to the north but monks of the Potala were specially trained how could that be to the north leh in spiritual dances that were believed to Mountains never conquered never crossed bring the best out in the spirits of nature and if the passage to Shambhala was so the spirits of the heavens and the spirits of the humans and every year they do the Lama surveying the icy panorama of Tibet is dances of Shambhala they are on the it possible that Shambhala exists but we proton according to an ancient legend the simply can't see it the Tibetans insist that Potala named after a holy mountain in India Shambhala can be located but only by rose magically in a single night it's beauty those with finely tuned metaphysical powers surely evidence of its divine creation but the enlightened Tibetan Buddhists believe history records that the Potala was begun in the Dalai Lama who guards the secret the seventh century when a warrior king location of Shambhala will lead them to built a palace on this commanding site enlightenment they believe this living deity overlooking a settlement that goes back passes the secrets of their faith to a more than 1300 years the monks are gone successor through reincarnation a process the once great potala is merely a museum a that has continued for nearly a thousand poignant reminder of its glorious past it years in 1933 the 13th Dalai Lama died and covers a staggering 130,000 square meters the process began again the monks of the a labyrinth containing the riches of its own Potala looked for signs of his reincarnation history rarely seen by outsiders monks who and they soon found them while lying in lived in the Potala under the direction of the state in the potala palace the dali lama's dalai lama's they maintained the very head turned to the northeast soon a strange elaborate very sophisticated cult of The star-shaped fungus appeared in the Wheel of Time Buddha what I call the time northeast corner of the shrine everywhere machine Buddha or Kalachakra Buddha people chanted and prayed that a new Dalai which is the Buddha that is especially Lama would be found Tibetans believe in associated with the myth of Shambhala so reincarnation that the soul of every living the magical connection of the Tibetan being is reborn into another body and that civilization with Shambhala is through the the actions of the soul in this life determined rituals and the meditations and the artwork the body and will enter in the next and so that is done in the Potala the Potala was the Tibetans had lost more than their ruler planned by the fifth Dalai Lama construction the nation had lost its soul following the began in 1663 but he didn't live to see the signs that pointed to the northeast the final results the palace was expanded by his monks extended their search to the farthest successor and completed after 31 years of most forbidding corners of this isolated arduous labor a sacred road in circles the nation bands of monks trekked across buildings merely walking along it is said to mountain passes of more than 19,000 feet absolve the mortal from all earthly sins desperate to find the reborn soul of the Dali pilgrims prostrate themselves for its entire Lama stopping at a sacred lake the monks length in order to secure everlasting prayed and meditated and a vision happiness in the future lives deep within the appeared in the water they saw a potala palace there are more clues in the monastery with groups of jade green and search for shangri-la on the eastern gold and a house with turquoise tiles after extension of the third floor in a room called four years of investigation searchers in the the collar chakra Chapel there are statues Northeast found the very house and of the seven kings of Shambhala and on the monastery that matched the vision a family walls murals showing the lineages of with a small boy lived in the house with Shambhala one large panel illustrates the turquoise tiles the young boy walks over to final battle between the king of Shambhala the leader reaches under his clothes and and the forces of evil what was the meaning grabs hold of his mala which is a necklace of this terrifying scene what was the that looks like this and says that's mine that significance of the seven kings if there is mala had indeed belonged to the former one man alive who knows the answers to Dalai Lama the thirteenth Dalai Lama but these questions one man who knows the how could they be sure that this boy was secret location of Shambala he is the Dali the reincarnated Dalai Lama they gave him a series of tests asking the child to identify extraordinary experiences through holy objects that had belonged to the dead meditation according the Kalachakra Tantra spiritual leader according to the monks he for a period of 10 days the Dalai Lama was correct on everyone the search was presides over the construction of a sacred finally over in 1939 the child was taken to mandala a symbolic model of the palace of the capital city of Lhasa escorted by a Shambhala could the mandala be a kind of caravan of 50 people and 350 horses and map to the most elusive of destinations or is mules he would become the 14th Dalai it something else something even more Lama in the year of the iron dragon 1940 his profound Carla chakra means Wheel of coronation took place it would be the last Time and chakra just like in English we use celebration for a way of life that would soon wheel to mean a motor of Ottoman face possible obliteration a revolution had automobile wheels chakra also means in taken place on Tibet's very border in 1949 Sanskrit it means machine so Kalachakra Mao Zedong and the Communist Party means time machine the Tibetans had a declared the People's Republic of China in unique concept of a time machine different 1951 the Chinese invaded Tibet by 1959 the from the Western concept in the Buddhist Dalai Lama lived in peril alerted to a concept time itself is the machine what is Chinese plot to abduct him to bei ping the the machine producing it is producing spiritual leader of three million Tibetans enlightened beings through training crossed the high Himalayas to take asylum eventually all the negative positive emotions in India what's unique about this Dalai Lama or negative force was eliminated finally then is that it was prophesied in the 8th century you see become enlightened one in the past that the 14th Dalai Lama would be the last the ceremony was performed about once to reign in Tibet and we have this this Dalai every 20 years but this dalai lama performs Lama being forced out in 1959 by the it more frequently than any of his Chinese under the Chinese the monasteries predecessors scores of thousands attend were closed and destroyed more than a this the most sacred of all buddhist million people in Tibet perished when the ceremonies when we return we'll see more Chinese Communists began their program of the sacred ceremony that is the blueprint of destruction in the 50s until the 70s they of enlightenment is there a lost paradise destroyed over 6,000 major monasteries hidden somewhere in the vast expanse of some of them had 15,000 monks in them of tibet certainly the best confirmation of the the over 6,000 monasteries in Tibet by the existence of a real Shambhala would be to early 1980s only 13 were left from his exile uncover indisputable archaeological home in Dharamsala India the 14th Dalai evidence but for now we must rely on myths Lama speaks to the conscience of the world and legends in our search for shangri-la in 1989 his message of compassion was what is intriguing is man's continuing honored with the Nobel Peace Prize if this longing to believe in the myths could there particular Dalai Lama has in the first Dalai be such a thing as shangri-la the Paradise Lama to come out and to reach out to the hidden from the world we're highly evolved rest of the world he's a refugee but as a individuals have brought out the goodness result of his being a refugee we have in themselves and have mastered reality in contact with him in the West whereas for such a way that eventually they will bring it two thousand years before we didn't have to all of us though all our materialists culture this contact like the holy masters before and science predisposes us to say no how him the Dalai Lama conducts a mysterious can we say so with conviction just because ceremony called the college chakra a we haven't seen it doesn't mean it does not ceremony so secret that only the Dalai exist it is their faith that has brought these Lama himself and a select few know all of multitudes here to Ladakh India for the this time-honored ritual in the past even conclusion of the college chakra ceremony there are practitioner who gained some a Tibetan will spend their entire life to be present at a single Kalachakra initiation mind those moments of insight at your desk ritual this becomes for them their ticket to or any out of doors when a moment of Shambhala in the next life or the life after insight has clarified a problem that remained that however long it might take they don't impenetrable to your high level of intellect. worry about it they know they'll get there at Meng tells me that many of you in this group the end witnesses to the ceremony leave have taken the course on meditation and prepared for the journey to Shambhala the consciousness, and so I think it's grains of the mandala are swept into appropriate that we all start with a moment eternity to symbolize the spiritual nature of of meditation. You've already worked hard the journey that lies ahead and honor the all this morning. You've gotten here. You've impermanence of all things to me come here on time to this section. So let's Shambhala is really mysterious land if we start with a brief moment of meditation. The accept part of this world and we have to find first slide is the old Taoist yin yang symbol, through map you can't find so it is quite and the purpose is to point out that their two clear Shambhala not exist on this planet so aspects, the black and the white, the male then the conclusion somewhere in the and the female, this into that are space that also is impossible but I have not complementary, not antagonistic. They're much interested at least my my main both necessary to be part of the cosmic concern or interest is our own beautiful whole. You might wonder how a seemingly planet but full of trouble perhaps the legend orthodox neurologist and academician of shangri-la endures because of our would ever--would ever be involved in longing to find a place where pain and anything as esoteric as Zen Buddhism. It suffering cease to exist the ultimate stared when I was on sabbatical in Kyoto, destination of our journey in search of Japan. I was introduced, fortunately, to an history. English-speaking Zen master. And this is the gate through which I entered this Rinzai Zen temple, Daitokuji, in 1974. It's an ordinary gate of the kind that we use in the west and elsewhere in the world. It operates as a unit so that the top and the bottom open simultaneously. What I'm about to describe to you as a theme throughout this talk is something that may seem unfamiliar, but here's the theme. The theme is that when we turn on our self-centered attention, we exert in a reciprocal opposite fashion our external kind of attentiveness. And contrary- wise, when we turn on our attentiveness into the external world, we dampen our resources that go into our self- centeredness. And with this introduction, let's turn to the two different kinds of meditation, the attentive art of meditation. For those of you who have handouts, this will be on the handout so you need not try to memorize it. But basically we start as we did If you can remember the moments when a few moments ago by looking down and you've had insight, when all you intellectual usually at a spot in front of us in a form of knowledge has failed you but your intuition what's been called concentrative meditation. has given you a burst of understanding, It's a more effortful kind of attentiveness. It's then I have an easy job. So try to keep in focused and it's exclusive. If we're pointing down like this, were excluding the world all no lines of sight come back here to the around us and focusing on one point in a person who is doing this kind of attentive deliberate one-pointed manner. Now, this processing. This is allocentric processing. requires our voluntary top-down processing, Now, the two kinds of processing, and so it is more self-referential; we're in egocentric and allocentric are on your there doing it. It's the kind of attention that handout. But the important thing to realize is can evolve later on into the absorptions, and that they pursue different pathways in the it does involve our paying attention. This brain. The egocentric pathway is, in a kind of attention, this kind of awareness is sense, the northern pathway which personalized. We're in there doing it ourself. proceeds in the upper part of the brain. The Now, later on, after we've trained attention allocentric pathway is pathway that in a top-down manner, we move into a more proceeds from back to front through the receptive kind of meditation. By definition, southern part, the lower part of the brain. this is more effortless. It's attentiveness that Next topic on your handout, and your is unfocussed and it is inclusive. It will take handout has these topics arranged in a in everything around us; front, back, top and serial manner, so if you proceed from the bottom. It's a more open, universal, bare top, you'll be getting the whole outline of this awareness and it expresses our presentation. The next topic we're talking involuntary--our involuntary attentiveness to about is attention itself. William James, the the world around us. So it, by definition, is American psychologist and philosopher, more other referential. If self is everything outlined the importance of attention, and he inside our skin, other is everything outside called it "The faculty of bringing back a of our skin. And this is the kind receptivity wandering attention over and over again, that can later shift into more insightful, over and over again, is the very root of all of intuitive modes of processing. It's called a our judgment, character and will." I'm going choiceless awareness because we are not to make a little different tack and also choosing to do it; it happens. So this is a emphasize that not only is this a voluntary more anonymous kind of awareness; process, but that attention operates anonymous awareness. Now, we have two involuntarily. So let's look at the attentive ways--two ways of processing reality. The brain here. And to get oriented, this is the one we're most familiar with and the one's back of the brain and you're looking down at that's easiest to understand is this form, the the top of the brain with the right egocentric, self-centered kind of processing. hemisphere being on your right and the left If this is the person doing it and looking at hemisphere being on your left. The nose is an apple, these lines of sight from the apple here. And let's look at the left hemisphere are all coming back into the general access first and you'll notice it has a lot of fine dots of this person's attentiveness. And this in it. This is to emphasize that the left person--this person has a frame of hemisphere operates in a discriminatory, reference looking at the outside world. This fine-grain kind of processing. And when it person is holding on with both hands to this looks out at the outside world, and this frame of reference and he's seeing only outside world is on the opposite side of the what he chooses to. There's another kind of environment because things are crossed in reality which is revealed to us without our the brain, it looks out and sees with being aware of it. And just as the word "ego" discrimination, fine-grain discrimination. It stands for self, the Greek word "allo" stands sees and hears with fine-grain for other. So allocentric reality is that world discrimination. Now, you know that most-- that the brain perceives without our knowing for most of us, almost all of us, our that it's doing so. And when it looks out out language ability is centered over in the left there and automatically identifies these hemisphere. Whereas, when we're talking apples and positions them in three about attentiveness, the corresponding dimensional space in relation to each other, regions, very exactly in this right hemisphere, are specialized for attention. which is in the frontal part of the brain, and Most of the training in Zen meditation the two together are our two modes of top- involves the training of attention; the training down attentiveness. We spoke of top-down of attention, both top-down and bottom-up attentiveness earlier, and it's on one of your training of attention. And here we see the handout tables. You'll notice that these two reason why. Because this right hemisphere, modes of attention are in a position to be you'll notice, has a lot of spaces in between overlapped by the egocentric pathway of the lines. It's not a fine grain, it's more of a processing, so that the two together, course grain kind of processing. And when it egocentricity and top-down attentiveness, looks out into the opposite visual field, there are very easy to link together into one giant is plenty of room between these lines for it function. On the other hand, lower down, is to insert values, atmospheres of aesthetic the temporoparietal junction which includes appreciation, and judgment. Then because the superior temporal gyrus here and the it sends a message over to the left supramarginal gyrus. And it links up in the hemisphere through the corpus callosum, it same network and circuitry with the inferior enters into a bargain with the left frontal cortex which is farther forward in the hemisphere. It's an age old bargain. It's brain. You're looking here, by the way, at been going on for millenia. And it says, in the brain where the occipital lobe is back effect, "Left hemisphere, you can take over here, the seeing part of the cortex, whereas the responsibility of words, and language the frontal lobe and nose is way up here in and speaking and understanding language. front. Further more, this lower ventral But I'm going to co-opt everything that you pathway for attention is closer to the see over in the right side of the world and allocentric or the other centered mode of claim it as mine." And so the right processing reality, and tucked into the hemisphere pays attention to both sides of undersurface of the temporal lobe is a the outside environment. And this becomes module called the FG or the fusiform gyrus. very important because it means that the This is a gyrus that specialize both for color right hemisphere is poised to be receptive to perception and for the processing or facial the whole outside world. Many years ago, it features. Thank you. All right. So here's this was theorized, with good evidence, that brain and it's looking up into the outside these two pathways were organized into a world, and what is it seeing? Well, it's where pathway and then to a what pathway. seeing four quadrants of vision, and let's It's now, I think, more reasonable to say that look at them separately. Why, you might this northern root is a "where is it in relation ask, is there a red rim around the lower to me?" back in the center, and to say that visual field? Well, that's because the the southern root is a "what is it?" pathway egocentric pathway, starting as it does in that arrives at identification of the object that the upper part of the occipital lobe, is much is seen out there. Those of you who know more efficient at processing things that are some anatomy will notice an interesting below the horizon. So, upper part of the point about this northern root, because it occipital lobe, more efficient at processing goes through the angular gyrus here on it's lower down. And ladies, there are several of way north into the parietal lobe, and it you in the audience, if you are balancing a misses the supramarginal gyrus which is baby on your lap, it's very important for you more involved in the ventral kind of to be using the functions that are up here, attentiveness. This slide is a composite your functions of touch and proprioception, slide that shows the brain and what it because they will help you hold that baby perceives out there as a--in a theoretical accurately on your lap so the baby doesn't way. We'll start with two of these spots up in fall. And gentlemen, if you are hammering a the top part of the brain because one of nail with your hammer and you'll hold the them is intraparietal sulcus or the IPS. And nail in your left hand, it's very important for the IPS is linked with the frontal eye field you have proprioception and touch so that you can come down with your hammer that you understand and know instinctively accurately on the head of the nail because if that you have a body that you can act with you don't, your fingers are history. So this which will be your agency for working as a pathway, the egocentric pathway, is highly unit in the outside world. So this is where specialized for action. And it depends on the your sense of physical sense of self comes parietal lobe for its proprioceptive and touch together. So notice how handy it is to have skills. And notice that these objects that it your top-down attention mode right next to handles are down close to it in its very this organizational principle that enables personal space in the envelope of space you to know you have a whole body scheme right around it within reach; within reach. On with which you can operate in the outside the other hand, consider the allocentric world. What about the bottom-up attention pathway starting in the lower part of the and its processing? Well, it's in the temporo- occipital lobe. Remember things are parietal junction and the inferior frontal crossed in the brain. So this part of the brain gyrus. And there are some yellow colors is most efficient at processing items that are here and that's simply to remind us that our up here in the upper visual fields above the top-down attentiveness and our bottom-up visual horizon. What is up here? Well, in attentiveness have to be merged in a very ages past, it would be very handy to detect sophisticated manner in order for us to put the saber-toothed tiger by your sense of together the kinds of attention that we need hearing, audition, or your sense of color to operate in our daily lives. So the medial vision so that you could detect the frontal gyrus and the inferior frontal gyrus difference between the stripes on the tiger operate particularly on the right side to and the leaf patterns that are in the arrive at this merger of functions that underbrush. And it's important that the tiger enables us to operate. In your handout is a be detected at a distance away from you so table that simply summarizes the responses it doesn't wind up in your lap. And having of the ventral, the lower, and the dorsal kind escaped the tiger, if you wanted to be in a of attention systems, and I won't dwell on contemplative mode and thank your lucky that any further. It is important, however, to stars, you could look out in the distance at make a distinction, a visual distinction, the blue sky and the clouds and the between top-down attention which is a mountains and be in a more relaxed frame sharply pointed, remember, exclusive kind of mind. These are the differences between of attention. It operates on a foundation of vision and audition which are in the bare awareness. It has a pre-attention mode temporal lobe, and touch and which is entirely involuntary and which is proprioception, the circuitry of which is in right out there at the point. And the point your parietal lobe. Now looking here at a here is simply to illustrate that top-down functional MRI scan of the left--we're attention is the vanguard that is out at the looking at the right hemisphere from the tip of all of our processing. In computer outside, the nose is here by the inferior programming, there is also, I gather, frontal gyrus and the occipital lobe is back something that is out at the forefront of the here in the back. And you see these same processing, and in the brain, it is a sharp structures that we've spoken about before, point of attention that impales the topic that but the interesting point here is that the we wish to pay attention to so that the rest intraparietal sulcus is right next to this blue of our processing can come in and know spot which is the superior parietal lobule. where to operate. Think how important it is What is the superior parietal lobule? It's to this pen which has lots of ink in it to be your somatosensory association cortex. And able to have a point in order to write with, what does that mean? It means that this is and you'll understand the pointing function the part of your brain that understands that of attention, and you'll understand why you have an arm, a leg, a head and a trunk William James regarded it as so crucial to on both sides, and it puts these together so our operations. So this is the kind of top- down attention and the contrasting form is thoughts, our body parts, and our our bottom-up attentiveness which is a more possessions. If we're going in the parking lot global kind of receptivity. It also functions at at Googleplex and trying to find our the level of bare awareness and it has a automobile, it helps to know which subconscious processing also, and automobile is mine and where we parked it everything above its threshold of because otherwise we'll be lost without our consciousness it does have the potential of car. So these are all the adaptive good parts entering on our consciousness. But most of having an I, Me, Mine, but there are important, everything below this level disadvantages, there's a downside. There operates at a subconscious level. So the are cons to being a self. There are bottom-up attentiveness much of what goes maladaptive aspects of the self that we on is not within our conscious should like to do away with. The first and understanding. It goes on subconsciously. the easiest to identify by our friends are our Farther down on your handout is the issue aggressive self; our aggressive, arrogant of the difference between our physical self. We have another self. Here I am trying sense of self and our psychic sense of self. to get rid of myself and I have this other self Zen training, in particular, emphasizes doing that is somehow in the circuitry. And this away with the disadvantageous aspects of tells us how difficult it is to get rid of our self. our self-centeredness. And to understand We have this echo self which seems to how this is so, you need to know the have subsided. No. It needs to meditate difference between the physical body which more. So, our friends know that we have an is your physical sense of self, the Greeks arrogant and aggressive self, but this part is called it your soma and your--and your sort of hidden from us. But the Me part of cognitive and your affective and your our self, this we recognize because this is instinctual forms of self which are your our battered and our fearful and our anxiety- psychic sense of self which the Greeks ridden self. This is the part that gives us called our psyche. So soma and psyche are high blood pressure and all kinds of physical very different. I know because I can feel my and mental ailments. And how about the arm that I have a somatic sense of self. But mind? The mind, of course, is also clutching can you touch a thought? Can you reach its captured self-indentured, it craves things, out and touch your thought? Your thoughts it overeats, it wants too much. And these are intangible. So our soma deals with are the, in short, the ABCs of the I, Me, tangible things and our psyche deals with Mine, the aggressive, besieged and cognition and emotion and instincts, and clutching parts of the self that we can do these are intangible categories of without. Now, as the new century dawned, a functioning. Now, let's look at the self in group of investigators at Washington operational terms and try to see how it University in St. Louis, Deborah Gusnard operates in our daily lives. And to do so, it and Marcus Raichle, looked over a bunch of helps to divide the self into three operational PET scans--PET scans that had been done sub-compartments. The most obvious one in the past and discovered something is the I, the part of ourselves that we know interesting. In here, you're looking at a exist, we can feel it, we know that it's there summary of what they found, because we're and we can watch it act. And these are all looking now at the inside of the brain. very adaptive functions. Similarly, the Me is Previously, we've been looking at the that part of our self to which things happen. outside of the brain. Now we're looking at If I don't look carefully when I'm crossing the the brain from the inside and you recognize curb and going out in traffic, I'm going to be that it's the inside because it's the right hit by an automobile and something very hemisphere and here is the corpus callusom bad is going to happen to me. So this is an that has been cut, the bridge between the adaptive part of the self or Me. And two hemispheres. And what they found was similarly, the Mine helps us identify our that there were two hotspots in this inner part of the brain at rest; at rest. Their frontal lobe here and the occipital lobe here. subjects were trying to relax, not do And here is the posterior cingulate cortex anything mentally or physically. And here back in the medial parietal lobe, and here is was a hotspot in the medial posterior the medial prefrontal cortex and here's the parietal cortex. Front of the brain here, back angular gyrus, so that this is a resting of the brain here. Notice, by the way, the functional MRI scan and we still have these other centered, allocentered pathway three major hotspots. But now, the subjects coming along here through the under part of are inside the functional MRI scanner for the occipital and medial temporal cortex. 300 seconds or five minutes. And we see And similarly, the other major hotspot was something fascinating. Because we see that here in the angular gyrus which is we've when the cool spots get hotter, the hotspots noticed is the longest egocentric pathway get cooler. And when the hotspots get that leads up to the superior parietal lobule. hotter, the cool spots get cooler. And this is So here at rest are three hotspots. What happening in this subject about three times happens when the subjects are then given a a minute. Now, this is a very, very slow task which requires them to be introspective cycle. It's endogenous, intrinsic cycle of the and to look into their self? These hotspots brain. It's not clear exactly what the become even hotter. And various lines of mechanism is but it's probably a evidence suggest that these hotspots in combination of some metabolic cycle and charge are engaged, at least partially, in some bioelectric cycle. It's much slower generating our sense of psychic self-identity than the breathing rate of, say, 18 per and in relating this identity to our minute because this is only three per environment and to ways to navigate minute. Where could such a basic rhythm through our environment. So if you ask, come from, and that, of course, is an what are these hotspots doing anyway? interesting problem for neuroscientists to One might suggest by way of speculation settle. And if you're wondering about the that this is how you remember where you IPS which is cooler and the FEF which is were born, what your bedroom look like in cooler and the TPj and the inferior frontal your early formative years, where you went cortex which is cooler, rest assured that 20 to high school, who your friends were in minutes--20 seconds later things will be high school, where you went to college, and different. In here, 20 seconds later is the what your office looks like at Googleplex. evidence of a spontaneous reciprocal shift This is where you fit in to your long narrative in the other direction. As the hot spots get history and then to that part of your hotter, the cool spots get cooler. Question? environment which you laid down with >> Are the subjects doing anything during circumstantial details so that you know how this? >> AUSTIN: No, no. This is to find your way around your environment. spontaneous. The subject is not trying to do But now, what happens when the subjects anything. This is an involuntary, are given an acute task--an acute task that spontaneous, endogenous, reciprocal shift requires them to be very attentive to their that's going on by itself. Thank you for your external environment? If you remember the question. So here is the cooler angular first slide with the self and external gyrus and the cooler medial posterior environment, you'll know and can anticipate parietal and the cooler medial prefrontal that these hotspots become cooler. These cortex. And here again, as a reminder, is a self hotspots become cooler when reciprocal function we've been talking attentiveness is required and demanded by about. Now, the question then might be events in the external environment. And this those of you who meditate and who go to a has since been borne out by functional MRI. meditative retreat, let's say you've gone You're looking here at the top side at the through day-long retreat or on a weekend functional MRI scans. In here, you're retreat and then you've gone for a seven- looking at the left hemisphere with the day retreat, you're very relaxed and yet very receptive, very acute, very sensitized to the sword of the Buddha [INDISTINCT] of your environment. And you've been doing enlightenment and [INDISTINCT]. How it this for--not for a week or so but you've operates and nicely slices off at that just the been doing this for some years. What would right parts, our sense of physical and happen if you're just there relaxed in a psychic self that is disadvantageous to our receptive mode of attentiveness? Well, well-being and to well-being of others. Now, speculation here is a model to think about. you may think it odd that any quasi-religion Here is your allocentric mode of other or quasi-philosophical or any other system referential attentiveness going up and down of human endeavor would speak of a sword maybe three per minute. And here is your cut as a metaphor for a state of self-centered mode going up in a reciprocal consciousness that would supervene but fashion spontaneously. And then all of a this is the same way than my Zen master sudden a triggering stimulus comes from describe such a moment to me. And the the outside; a triggering stimulus. A technique that he used with something like triggering stimulus has been described in this. He said, "A cut will open up in the mind Zen terms and Buddhist terms for many, and will strike the depths of the cut." He put many centuries. For Zen Master EQ who both of his hands down in this manner and was meditating out in a boat, in a row boat touched his fingers to indicate a big long V- out in the center of Lake Biwa in Japan at shaped cut in the mind. So, we are talking night, the triggering stimulus was a bird that there is--and there is a word in Japanese flew over and above him. A bird that he was Kiri-e which describes such a cut in the unaware of and the bird said [makes mind. Now, if the self vacates the center of sound]. And Zen Master EQ dropped into a consciousness which it does. And then the certain extraordinary state of setters and insight that comprehends all consciousness. Why? Well, we've seen that things in the outside world as they really are there is this reciprocal arrangement that and the absence of self. And if there is no goes on spontaneously and we're fear at that moment and no time and pro- speculating that is allocentric, other perception, the physical sense of self is referential attentive processing would be unregistered. And if perfection is registered captured and very hyper attentive. And throughout the outside world at that similarly in the reverse reciprocal fashion, moment, how is it possible that such a there would be a deactivation of his self- moment can occur. Again, we're talking referential processing, which is in red and about a model explanation but the model down here. And after a variable but begins with the thalamus. But what are we unknown period of time because time would looking at here? We're looking at the left drop out, his allocentric processing would side of the brain, nose here, back of the be at a higher level. And as a residual brain here. We're looking at the thalamus during the--during the afterglow phase, his which is a paired structure. This is the left egocentric processing would be at a very thalamus and we're seeing the largest low level and much of his prior maladaptive nucleus in the whole thalamus which is the self would have been cut off. Cut off-- pulvinar. And the pulvinar on that model that question? >> How long will the you have there is indicated in a-in a yellow [INDISTINCT] last? >> AUSTIN: A variable orange manner. If you see a yellow orange period of time, but I would say anywhere spot, you're looking at the pulvinar. What from hours to a few days. Thank you for does the pulvinar do? The pulvinar your question. I've just come back from specializes in salience that's a quality that Beijing where I was given, to my surprise, enables the foreground item of interest to this ceremonial sword. I thought it might leap out and the background to subside and interest the audience as a curiosity, but it become the background. So, the pulvinar is also helps me explain how the sword cut a very smart nucleus to have at the onset of that is describe in the old literature which is all of our perceptions. Now, what you're looking at in color is mostly the dorsal part when you go into your bedroom, turn out the or the upper part or the northern part of the lights and drop off to sleep in the evening at thalamus. And the other item of interest is a night? Why do you fall asleep? Your vision lateral-posterior nucleus and it's connected drops out, your hearing drops out, your with the superior parietal lobule which is sense of physical self drops out? All where we organize our physical sense of courtesy of your reticular nucleus in addition self. In front of that are the three limbic to other circumstances. And why is the nuclei of the thalamus. Through these three thalamus important? It's important because nuclei come all of the messages that rise up everything that you have experienced since from our hypothalamus, our hippocampus, you first sat down in this chair this morning, our amygdale, all of our emotional life all of your perceptions have had to go passes through these three limbic nuclei through your thalamus in order for you to and the front of the thalamus. And it's so understand in the cortical level what's going happens that each of these three nuclei are on, with the exception of smell. And if you the passageway up to those three hot spots smell the coffee or the onions coming from in the cortex which are our sense of self. over here, that's only because smell is the So, the way the circuitry is arranged in the only exception. All the rest has to go brain, all of the information which comes up through your thalamus. Now, like the rest of from the limbic system and comes up in a the western world, the people in Holland bottom of manner, that comes up through were used to a door that operates as a unit the limbic system and drives our cortex with from the top to bottom until about 1600. And all of our wants, all of our attachments, all of then some Dutchman said, "Hey, why don't our emotions first goes through these three we design another kind of door? Let's limbic nuclei in the front of the dorsal design a door that is hinged at the top and thalamus. So, we're talking about the dorsal then independently at the bottom so we tear first. But notice the ventral pulvinar have more options. And if our wives are remains as those the rest to the ventral inside here and the kids are down here nuclei. And the ventral pulvinar goes up to playing in the door step, she can look down diffuse the formed gyrus and all of the other and watch the kids or if it's a very hot day information that passes along the allocentric and we want to get some cool breezes from other centered kind of processing. So, then, a distant source, we can close the top part how is it possible to drop out all of these and open up the bottom part and let the cool dorsal thalamus and therefore rid ourselves breezes come in and sweep along the floor. of our anxieties and our sense of self. And And if we want to close off to world at night the answer is that it is not possible. It's not in security, we can close both halves of the possible unless you pay attention to another door as we drop off to sleep. The Dutch nucleus in the thalamus which is a reticular door is a metaphor for the way the dorsal nucleus. Think of the reticular nucleus as a thalamus opens and closes at different cap that fits over the rest of the thalamus. kinds of days. Now, there are some triggers And because it has many GABA, gamma of historical interest. The first of course is aminobutyric acid nerve cells in it, it the--is the moment the episode involving exercises and inhibitory role on the rest of Siddhartha Gautama about 2500 years ago, the dorsal thalamus. So, because the who is meditating the bodhi tree in the pre- thalamus and the cortex normally operate in dawn hours. When he looked up and saw an oscillating mode very quickly back and the morning star--what is the morning star? forth, the reticular cap enables the thalamus The morning star was well known to the to shut down it's thalamocortical system and ancients. Morning star is the planet Venus. to cut off our sense of self. Now, you may And this is the way the planet Venus was say, "What is the evidence for this in my painted in back of the early Chinese own experience?" The evidence for this in dynasties. She was painted as a white your own experience is it what happens goddess. And it's an indication of the harmony that was involved in her being. Nirvana is this moment seen directly there is She has shown holding a lute. And as nowhere else than here the only gate is now further evidence that she was present in the the only doorway is your own body and early morning hours. If you look up here, mind there's nowhere to go there's nothing you can see that she has a rooster in her else to be there's no destination it's not crown, evidencing what goes on in the first something to aim for in the afterlife it's part of the morning. And next time you go simply the quality of this moment does this up north and visit Seattle, do visit the just this this room where we are pay Seattle Asian Art Museum. because in the attention to that pay attention to who's there Asian Art Museum, you will this statue pay attention to what's what isn't known which is entitled 'A Monk at the Moment of there pay attention to what is known there Enlightenment.' You will notice the black pay attention to what everyone is thinking Buddha who looked up and saw the feeling what you're doing there and pay morning star. This monk is also shown attention pay attention four weeks the looking up at the moment of enlightenment. Buddha remains near the Bodhi tree The technique of looking up as a meditated peaceful and serene he was tempted to practice is well known in Tibetan Buddhism. retire into a profound solitude instead of And when Matthieu Ricard was here in trying to teach others what it had taken him 2007, about that time he was also writing a six long years to discover for himself he book about Shabkar and Enlightened Sage wants to stay there he's very happy he in Tibetan Buddhism in the 19th century. doesn't want to go out he he says to himself And what Shabkar had to say is this: "I raise no one is going to understand this you know my head looking up and saw the cloudless people are gonna think I'm crazy they're sky. I thought of absolute space free from all gonna think I'm nuts but I saw the nature of limitations. And then experienced a freedom the people envy and jealousy and strong without center, without end. In translation, negative mental states all the people in the the cloudless sky is the sky that is free of all world they are like a officious riddling in the delusions. Absolute space without limits, it very shallow water so Buddha he himself is this space with stems around us as afraid to teach the people the myth is that allocentric space. The freedom is the God comes to the Buddha Brahma comes liberation that is part of an enlightened state on his knees and says please we need you of moment. Without center means, no self is why don't you try talking about what you just in the center, without end meaning infinite. understood because the world needs that the gods needed and the men needed you know people need it and then Buddha decided to to to give his teachings because of the great compassion is not an ordinary compassion when you feel the feelings of others you automatically don't want them to feel bad you feel the feeling of your hand you don't put it in the oven tip me you're not you're not being compassionate at your head you just feel the pain so you know if I put it there so you feel others pain you're gonna do your best to help them alleviate it when somebody becomes enlightened something blooms in his heart it's like a flower blooms and it cannot hold the fragrance it has to naturally release so it's like he naturally had to release his radiance he has to share this joy that was in his heart thirty-five years old the Buddha would the content of what he realized under the devote the rest of his life to bringing his Bodhi tree his first teaching would later be teachings the Dharma the fundamental laws called setting in motion the wheel of the of all things into the world but as he had Dharma because it brought the Buddha's feared it would not be easy as he set off to message into the world for the first time he share what he had learned he met a did not propound a dogma instead he spoke wandering ascetic who was your guru from his own experience out of his own ascetic asked him the Buddha said he had heart he had known the abandon of the no guru that he had attained enlightenment sensuous and the rigors of the ascetic now on his own it may be so the ascetic said and he would disavow both of them the Buddha walked away on his first attempt to teach said I've discovered a new way and it's not the Buddha had failed Buddha meets the path of asceticism and it's not the path someone who doesn't see anything special of sensory indulgence it's the middle way about him because he awakened Buddha what the Buddha was always doing was doesn't look any different from anybody else saying everything's everything needs to be he is ordinary Buddhism is not about being balanced so you know the middle way was special Buddhism is about being ordinary always balancing between you know and it is not about the continual excitation of excesses on this side excesses on the other bliss it is about walking a normal human life side Fair goes the dancing when the sitar is with normal human beings doing normal tuned tuned as the sitar neither high nor low human things and this reminds you that you and we will dance away the hearts of men yourself might be a Buddha at this moment but the string too tight breaks and the music the person you're looking at might be one dies the string to slack has no sound and it's an interesting practice just each person the music dies there is a middle way tune us you see as you walk down the street Budda the sitar neither low nor high and we will Budda Budda Budda Budda from boga the dance away the hearts of men the path to Buddha walked west nearly 200 miles and enlightenment lay along the middle way the crossed the Ganges River he was still Buddha taught and the ascetics listened searching for a way to explain to others now he would answer the question that six what he feared was unexplainable the path years before had provoked his spiritual to the enlightenment he himself had journey the question of suffering Buddhists experienced in a deer park in SAR not not don't have a creation story there is no far from the Ganges he would try again his creator deity it's not really an it of interest its five former companions were still practicing it's not an issue what's an interest is the the austerities he himself had abandoned problem of human suffering and the solution from far off they saw me coming and to human suffering pretty much everything unseeing me made a pact with one another else right is beside the point the Buddha's the Buddha recalled friends here comes the analysis of suffering came in the form of doctor living luxuriously straying from his what have come to be called the Four Noble ascetic practice he doesn't deserve to be Truths there is no Commandments or bowed down to these are his buddies who anything the first noble truth is that there is were just disappointed and disgusted with suffering in this world generally this him for giving in after they had all been suffering has been mistranslated suffering is trying to starve themselves into not entirely accurate to the word that the enlightenment so they they're a little buddha probably used it means something distrustful at the beginning they refer to him closer to dissatisfaction that you know we're as an equal and he then tells them no that's never quite happy and if we are that's gone not the term you should use when you refer in an instant anyhow and he says that this to it - targeted to a being who's gone suffering is unsatisfactoriness doesn't arise beyond and so he sets them straight and by itself it has causes our own mind causes they then become the first people to hear it while the second noble truth asserts that suffering has a cause the third noble truth brahmanas in the buddha's day only the makes an astonishing claim you really can brahmanas could mediate between the be free of suffering by understanding the gods and men only they could conduct the cause of suffering nobody tells you that and holy rituals that were said to preserve the so that was a huge announcement the universe itself the Brahmin priests stood at problem Buddha taught is desire how to live the pinnacle of a rigid social hierarchy a with the confused and entangling desires of sacred system of caste beneath them were our own minds people often misunderstand the Warriors the caste to which the buddha Buddhism as saying in order to wipe out belonged below them were farmers at the suffering you have to wipe out desire if that bottom were the servants and still lower was what the Buddha was saying then outcasts those social groups are not merely where does the desire for enlightenment fit social conventions but rather they're in you know uh with the Buddha's saying be hardwired into the nature of the universe smart about your desires design must be you're supposed to stay in that group and dead without desire how can you doubt life the survival society depends upon your without desire how can it you Buddhahood continuing to perform the function strong desire to become put that but desire associated with that social status caste was to humble ah that bad with the fourth and irrelevant to the Buddha so were priestly final noble truth the buddha laid out a series rituals to preserve the universe his of instructions for his disciples to follow a teachings focused on the universe within way of leading the mind to enlightenment the Buddha said you could be from any called the Noble Eightfold Path the caste what makes you knowable is if you cultivation of moral discipline mindfulness understand reality you know if you're a good and wisdom they are as I like to think of person if you're a wise person then you're them a set of possible recipes um that you Noble in time a devoted gathering of monks can try on your own life and see which one formed around the Buddha ATS are not makes the best soup the Buddha didn't near the Ganges broken stones and fallen speak for long but when he was finished the pillars mark what remains of what grew to five skeptical ascetics had been won over be a vibrant monastic community the they became his first disciples word quickly Sangha it took the Buddha many many spread of the sage teaching in the Deer years to find his way but he didn't want it to Park its are not hundreds came to hear him be so hard for people and so he established and became disciples too many were a community who could live together and wealthy merchants or their sons living just help one another in a ceremony evoke in five miles away in a thriving trading center the beginning of the buddha's own spiritual on the ganges the holy city of Banaras journey fledgling monks of all ages say Banaras is the most sacred city in all of goodbye to their families and homes and India as it has been for millennia even join the Sangha that DMP the mom Salim before the time of the Buddha pilgrims came that Johnny I go to the refuse of the Buddha here to worship their gods and bathe in the I go to the refuse of the Dhamma and I go to holy river of heaven you see people the refuse of the Sangha Tongan Sarang purifying themselves bathing in the Ganges that Johnny the Sangha is an embodiment you see priests performing rituals you see of Buddha's experience and wisdom what corpses because that's the best place to happens if people practice this thing I did end one's life so you see going on there a truly happy or not are the joyful or not so I great range of religious activity and much of think Buddha wanted to also leave a a it of the type that does go back to the perfect example of his teaching and alive Buddha's time uh Tejada my hearty with teaching a teaching that walks a teaching someone other than their many of 's sacred that can talk a teaching that can laugh so I ceremonies on the Ganges echo the ancient would say Sangha is just like a living practices of the Vedic priests the example of Buddha's teaching the first Sangha was a radical institution open to staufen happens in our ordinary life is that people of every caste and remarkable for whenever we experience these emotions the times in which the Buddha lived to both we get it stuck into it it starts twisting us but men and women the Buddha was part of a Buddhism is going through inside it and culture deeply suspicious of women the getting out of it peaceful way and I think that attitude towards women at the time was gives us more joy and that makes him in life very critical and many things were more full more move around it's not like we impossible for them so that was a very we are not living in partial truths but there's revolutionary thing to do that in that times of like whole of things together it takes time to India by ordaining women is nuns the comprehend this and then by practicing Buddha gave women the chance to escape again and again the practitioner becomes the drudgery of daily life life was so hard for very balanced and one reaches a state of most women that entering the Sangha was very strong equanimity equanimity towards a liberation as we know from their ecstatic the physical and mental objects and this is heart-rending poems so freed so freed so the base camp for the summit thoroughly freedom I from my pestle my enlightenment after washing my feet a shameless husband and his sunshade disciple said I watched the water going making my moldy old pot with its water down the drain I am calm I control my mind snake smell aversion and passion I cut with like a noble thoroughbred horse taking a a chop letting come to the foot of a tree I lamp I enter myself thinking of sleep I sit on meditate absorbed in the Bliss what bliss my bed I touch the wick the lamp goes out bliss nirvana the Buddha taught could be nirvana my mind is freed the mind is as found in the fleeting moment through the restless as a monkey the Buddha taught practice of meditation the Buddha showed who you are what you think of as yourself is his followers how to come to terms with their constantly changing like a river endlessly own roiling thoughts and desires by paying flowing one thing another tomorrow there's attention to them by becoming aware water in a river then there's water in a glass becoming mindful as an ancient poem and then the water is back in the air and counsels like an archer an arrow the wise then it's back in the river the waters there man studies his trembling mind a fickle and but what is it that's a way to think about the restless weapon many times our mind is not self in Buddhism one moment you're angry peaceful enough to realize that perhaps we the next moment you're laughing who are need to understand more about mind itself you a seed becomes a plant wisps of and how to balance the emotions how to grass are spun into a rope a trickling stream balance our mind and try to cultivate more turns into a river the self comes in the self happiness the difficulties come from within goes simply notice how from one moment to one experience unexpected things from another yourself is actually not as much the one's mind most dangerous with sceptical same as we think it is what the Buddha doubts doubts about oneself doubts about a realizes is that if we can get rid of this Buddha physical is we can get from from fundamental misunderstanding of the nature from the food and from the Supplemental of the self based on egotism we won't cling vitamins and yeah and for the mind this is to things we won't screw up everything we the only only way we have to only medecine do because we're thinking about it in the meditation is not about getting rid of anger wrong way once you stop centering your getting rid of lust or getting rid of jealousy your feelings about your feelings on yourself even while becoming monk offering that what naturally arises is is simple experience angers it happens it often compassion compassion for your own happens when people start teasing you like suffering compassion for the suffering of a shaven bald head person but it gives a others even the most abstract of the good chance for us to realize that okay let's Buddha's teachings had a practical ethical see this anger arises what is it what more dimension compassion the Buddha taught comes from understanding impermanence burning [Applause] the nose is burning transience flow how one thing passes into smells are ablaze the tongue is burning another how everything and everyone is tastes are ablaze the body is burning the connected when this is that is from the mind is burning we're on fire we may not arising of this comes the arising of that know it but we're on fire and we have to put when this isn't that isn't from the cessation that fire out we're burning with desire right of this comes the cessation of that this is we're burning with craving everything always connected to that everything is everything about us is is out of control the connected to everything else you never Buddha goes on to talk about the three leave by yourself you live always within a poisons greed and anger and ignorance and family or society or culture you constantly how the the three poisons are what is interact with other people all the time so our making the fire and the way out of doing this happiness depend on their happiness as is not to deny the three poisons but to well how can we be happy if we are the only recognize that if you turn them around you one happy in an you know just an island of come to their opposites instead of greed happiness within an ocean of misery of you have generosity instead of anger you course that's not possible compassion have compassion and instead of ignorance stirred the Buddha to send his monks out you have wisdom I can give my teachings in into the community sworn to chastity and brief the Buddha said I can teach in detail it poverty they wandered the roads bringing is those who understand that are hard to the Buddha's teachings into the world find there are stories of people coming to Goforth monks for the happiness of the the Buddha and saying I am leaving your many out of compassion for the world there teaching because you have not told me are beings whose eyes have little dust on about whether there is a life after death or them who will perish if they do not hear the whether there is another world and the teaching but if they hear the teaching they Buddha says did I ever say that I would give will gain liberation the monks exist by you the answer to these things the Lord you begging we think of begging is kind of a bad didn't why do you think that I never said that thing begging in this tradition is a good thing I would give you the answer to these things it's a sign of spiritual purity you're not because these are not the things that you allowed to bake tomorrow's lunch only 's need to know thing that you need to know is lunch then you can't eat from noon until how to deal with suffering coz at this very dawn the next day then you have to go out moment what made you ask that question and get another lunch and then in exchange and suffering the Buddha was above all a for lunch you give a section unless they say pragmatist he did not expect his followers to we don't want to hear about and you don't agree with everything he said he but that's all anything but that forces you to encouraged them to debate and argue to interact with the lay community and if you're challenge him what I say my follower should not serving them if you're not doing not accept my teaching out of devotion but something useful for them they won't put rather your own experiment even Buddha anything in your bowl and that will be the himself in order to get final lightin meant end of your community the Buddha himself need hard work so investigate based on wandered across northeast India teaching reason the true logical investigation if and gathering new disciples everywhere he something contradict in the Buddha's own went you didn't have to become a monk or a world then we have the right to reject it as nun to become a Buddhist the Buddha's the Buddha gathered more and more teachings were for everyone everything is followers stories spread of his miracles burning what is burning the eyes are which mixed the marvelous with the burning everything seen by the eyes is mundane one story tells how 500 pieces of burning the ears are burning what is firewood split at the Buddha's command in burning everything heard by the ears is another a mad elephant charged wildly down the street forcing everyone to flee only who plunders is plundered in turn war was the Buddha remained quietly waiting the endemic in the buddha's age ravaging elephant overcome by the Buddha's radiant north-east india again and again although kindness knelt before him and the Buddha kings and their ministers sought his counsel patted his leathery trunk what is the the buddha offered no grand political vision meaning of miracle miracle has something he was powerless to stop the killing and the unexpected I think 100 years ago jumbo jets fighting even the men women and children or some of these computers or these I think of his former kingdom were massacred by a in their eye this is how something America marauding king forced into pits and because miracle something cannot trampled by elephants it was said that the understand so now I think within this century buddha received the news in silence we may find some new ideas or new facts hundreds of them killed so that day but that so far we spent all our energy and time for was sad what does human being so he had research on matter not internal world this like human being so sometimes is he he this color small space but lot of mysterious also you see as a day failed he failed to things still there the great field of knowledge perform miracle the buddha failed but we as is as tiny as the earth is in the universe it the buddha fail constantly and part of our mean it's the Tison speck in and the the the suffering is our is our failure our recognition universe is what we don't know and it will of our failure buddhism doesn't argue with always be that way this however however reality there will always be both the potential much we find out it will still be that way for awakening in any moment and the because the unknown is vast Pisa is potential for incredible damage at any unspeakably greater than anything we will moment and if we fool ourselves into ever know in one of the most storied thinking were past that we will do incredible miracles the Buddhists rode on a jeweled damage change the buddha said must walkway suspended in midair while streams come from within the buddhist arts always of water spouted and flames flash from his with the mind and talks about the violence in body shooting out to the very edge of the the mind and says that violence in the world universe and as the Buddha sat on a lotus is a result of violence in the mind a tree lives flower giving his teachings he replicated on its roots if you change the root you himself filling the sky with multitudes of change the tree culture lives in human Buddhas for all to see and wonder you we beings if you change the human heart the believe that literally does it matter whether culture will follow for decades the Buddha we believe it literally what many of those shared his teachings all across northeastern miraculous stories are about is is the sheer India but all beings be happy we taught wonder little the very fact that the whole of weak or strong great or small let us cherish unknown time and space has led down to all creatures as a mother her only child this led to this very moment when we're barefoot in his robes he was still walking the sitting here talking to and we are sitting here roads when he was 80 but old age was talking to each other is utterly miraculous upon him his back hurt his stomach was sitting here in a room having had a cup of often in pain I'm old worn out he told a coffee having taken it out of a beautiful blue trusted disciple like a dilapidated cart held and white porcelain mug what could be together with thin straps the world is so more miraculous than that um everyday life sweet he said that he could understand around us is already so implausible and so wanting to live for at least another century glorious that what need for further miracles but he was frail and exhausted he became and that's the teaching of the Buddha that's ill near cushion Agora a remote village near the miraculous teaching of the Buddha the border of Nepal when he was offered a violence the Buddha taught always leads to meal which would prove deadly the food more violence to the Slayer comes a slayer was spoiled he ate what was offered to him to the Conqueror comes a conqueror he and it said that he knew it was bad but he took it anyway because it was offered and shook and the trees suddenly burst into didn't want the person who offered it to feel bloom their petals falling gently on his still bad because it was his time Kushina gara body falling out of reverence devine coral is revered by pilgrims as the place where flowers and divine sandalwood powders fell the Buddha finally left the world it was in from above on the Buddha's body out of cushion Agora where he grew weak and reverence you you his disciples were quite asked to be laid on his side in a quiet grove upset what are we going to do without our of salt trees as he neared the end his teacher we will be lost without our teacher disciples began to weep stricken with grief but his instruction was so simple and so you but the Buddha reassured them all clear I am NOT your light I am NOT your things change he said whatever is born is authority you've been with me a long time subject to decay he's saying this is a natural now be your own light the Buddha saw process he tells his disciples use this time death and life is inseparable these are two use the energy here even this for your own sides of the same thing death is always with wakening so he used even his own death us death is part of the whole large unknown and their sadness as a time to remind them and if we are unable to smile at the idea of of what their real task was what he's the unknown we're in real trouble that's the actually doing is inviting those who are realism that the Buddha was talking about close to him into the experience I don't think trying to come to terms with reality when he the Buddha's teaching in any way argues was 29 then still Prince Siddhartha the against grief or or sadness or loss the Buddha had left his wife child and family to teachings if they make any sense have to try and understand the nature of suffering make sense in ordinary circumstances in he had attained enlightenment shared what ordinary lives and in ordinary lives we grieve he had learned and left a path for others to when we lose we we grieve we when it follow now he was gone but before he when it hurts we say ouch Buddhism is died he had asked his followers to trying to look at things but way they are the remember him by making pilgrimage to the way it is just as it is it hurts this is life this is place of his death to where he gave his first our life and our relation to life involves teachings where he achieved losing it too you don't get beyond these enlightenment and where he was born things you don't get the it's alright to feel those four places mark out a sacred what human beings feel and we are not biography and in tracing that pilgrimage supposed to turn into rocks or trees when route you are learning the story of that life at we practice Buddhism Buddha's laugh cry places of pilgrimage temples were built dance feel ecstasy probably even feel images were installed and relics were despair it is how we know the world it is how enshrined millions of people get immense we live inside of our hearts and not inspiration but the spirit always there but dissociated from them the Buddha had real Buddhist holy places is within oneself always been saying goodbye now he that's important so real but the second place prepared to leave the earth forever he we must build within ourself we must build would never be reborn never die again it within our heart although the Buddha had may be that after I'm gone the Buddha told predicted that his teachings like everything his disciples that some of you will think now else would in time disappear Buddhism we have no teacher but that is not how you flourished in India for 1,500 years spread should see it let the Dharma and the into Sri Lanka Central and Southeast Asia discipline that I have taught you be your Tibet China Korea Japan and in the 20th teacher all individual things pass away century to Europe and the Americas strive on untiringly these were the Buddha's adapting different forms and shapes last words the Buddha died peacefully his wherever it took root attracting many head was pointed to the north his face to millions of men and women who practiced the west the stories tell how the earth the Buddha's teachings both within and outside the monastic community but everywhere and in every age the essence of the story remains the same the Buddha said that we've turned this world into a painful place and this world does not have to be a painful place this world can be a world inhabited by Buddha's but it's up to Tibetan Buddhism or at least it's each one of us to turn ourselves into a archeology is supposedly said by the Buddha that's real that's the work if the Buddha and what he was saying is all Buddha is not you finally the Buddha is of compounded things are subject to decay no interest to you the Buddha is the Buddha there's more to that phrase and what he is of such interest to you because you are was doing he was talking to his disciples the Buddha every sentient being even inset and saying what you really want to do is have buddha nature the seed of buddha make sure that you don't forget to get your that's the seed of enlightenment so life in order because everything that you see therefore there is no reason to believe some about your life right now is simply all sentient being cannot become Buddha so contingent and going to vanish and the way like that I know that there are supposed to in which you need to be thinking about your be preserved footprints of the Buddha which life is how will you think about your salvation are which are kept in one of the sacred well I think this is a perfectly appropriate places in India or Nepal and you know you way to think about archaeology it's because can stand in them and if you stand in them all archaeology is subject to decay it's maybe you realize ah ten toes me too there compounded by humans it's compounded is a story of a brahmana who one day found by the natural environment in which we the Buddha under a tree calmly meditating work and it's compounded by the social and the Buddha's mind was still he radiated political environment in which we live so our such power and strength that the Brahmin job as archeologists in part is to try to was reminded of a Tusker elephant the salvage what we can of that past and Brahmin asked him who he was imagine a present that common history of humanities lotus that had begun life under water the so that we can learn from it and then move Buddha replied but grew and rose above forward into the future now I always as an the surface until it stood free so I too have archaeologist have to locate us because transcended the world and attained the that's simply the way I think and you'll you a supreme enlightenment who are you then few been to other archaeology conference the brahman wondered remember me the sections before you'll know that we almost Buddha said as the one who woke up you always start here with something of this sort you you you you you you you you . I always though ask this of an audience when I speak of Tibet and I simply ask how many of you in this audience have been there and if you'll just raise your hands so this is a much more mature audience than I usually work with because many of this places I go section I ask how many people have been to Tibet and no one raises their hand so you in fact will be able to at least at least give me some fact-checking on the things I will be talking about in terms of some of the places I've actually been and had the opportunity to study but we get a sense that Tibet is one of these very isolated places it's really in some sense in the middle of nowhere and the way in which there really was no sense of a deep Tibetan many people think about this region but in prehistory that is there was no archaeology fact as many of you well know Tibet was conducted whatsoever on the Tibetan actually a very important nexus that that Plateau absolutely none the very first was a participant in a significant amount of archaeology though and this is really was trade across the Silk Road it had some very more of a salvage project was if you interesting interactions with the southern remember Heinrich Harrer in seven years in Indian continent as well and to some extent Tibet well he didn't do it but his buddy did from Southeast Asia so Tibet is really not as Peter of Schneider actually went off and did isolated as many of us would like to believe a salvage excavation of Iron Age tombs it is in fact it's a it's a crossroads in many near Lhasa and that's actually was instances it's just taken us as historians and published in the 1950s that was the first archaeologists and others a significant actual archaeological research that was amount of time to begin to unravel what that done on the plateau there was of course a history in fact has been like to give you a bit variety of different explorers that crisscross finer sense of where we are in the world I the Western Plateau made on roads into the want to show you what ethnographic Tibet east into the Northeast or on Ching hai but looks like and so this image is an attempt to none of them ever got to Lhasa and most of do that the Tibetan Autonomous Region is them never really paid that much attention this part right here this is Ching hai which is to the archaeological remains that they a what you'd call a regular province of encountered there you know fabulous China these are the places where Tibetan remains on the plateau but they they didn't speaking peoples are primarily found in that figure much in their travel logs except to region also though you'll find folks that mention them obliquely especially when speak a version of Tibetan in Bhutan along they saw things that were monumental like the Himalayan arc here in to Ladakh as well Crom bucks and men here's as we would so it's actually a bit larger than this image as use in Eastern I'm sorry in western well so you'll see another map in a moment archaeological parlance so this archaeology about the places I'm going to speak to you starts in 1908 1970s primarily by Chinese but I want to just point out so you'll have geologists they were looking for mineral some memory of where we're going go deposits which are quite abundant on the we're going to go down here to this little plateau and they stumbled across a number bump that little bump right there that goes of surface sites that were located then and into like a finger into the Tibetan Plateau these have been estimated by them and from Nepal we'll kind of shift our gears and others to be as early as fifty thousand years go to an area right around here which is in ago or as late as ten and much of my other the yarlung Valley about right there well shift research in the Tibetan Plateau is really our gears all the way up here to an area directed at this question but the way in that's not quite on the map but around here which I got into Plateau is something totally which is called Doolin and then we'll shift different I've been studying as David alluded our way back here to these cities and these to I've been studying to some extent high towns called sapa dong tolling and then of elevation populations for my entire career course the famous Mount Kailash so this looking at how low lenders become high gives you a sense of where we will be now lenders and so I've done much of my work one thing I'd like to get across very very in the Andes I've done 25 work years of quickly about this this conversation we're work looking at this process of hundred going to have is is that it's important to gatherers becoming Highlanders from our understand what we don't know about lowland roots and at that end of that project Tibetan archaeology and about the the it was like well okay where do we go now do nature of Tibetan archaeological research I go to someplace else in the Andes no I've up until the late 1980s or the late 1970s kind of been there done that others are working in those places as well I could go to of the more salient characteristics of it from Ethiopia but I'd been there and done that an my perspective this is not going to be a a early part of my career as well and besides complete chronological order an ordering of at that point Ethiopia was not particularly the data it's not going to be a particularly welcoming to Western foreign archeologists scientific approach although science will so the only option I had was to work on the intersect in these in different ways Tibetan Plateau so I figured well I'll write depending on the particular topic it's really some letters and I'll make some contacts more to give you a flavour and sense about with folks and this will be very easy seven what we do in fact know about Tibetan years later it finally took some kind of very Buddhism from the archaeological record difficult arm wrangling to get me to onto the and then what we don't know and how we plateau and the way in which I was able to make attempts to learn more about it do so was to work on Tibetan Buddhism through this medium so let's take a look that is not the archaeology of the very then at the plateau just to remind us where earliest Tibetans that was which I was we're going here Lhasa is some place right interested in it was actually to work with down in here sorry right down in here and Tibetan Buddhists so actually that turned we'll be going then to first and foremost out to be very good because it's a we're going to be looking at the what I call fascinating topic that is almost I'm the early humble Buddhists of upper completely understood in the West at this Mustang and then we're going to turn our time but a few more facts about Tibetan attention to a body of folks that are called archaeology become important when I the early elite Buddhists of dual on very far started working there in 1997 there were away but a very great importance for three or four teams of Chinese reconstructing what early Buddhism might in archaeologists working on the plateau at fact have been like on the plateau at the that time when I moved away from doing same time as I'm talking about those elite some of that work with them in the middle Buddhists I'm going to transfer a bit of our parts of this past set of this century that attention down to the arlynn valley and the number of teams reduced down to one or tomb of the kings because they have an two and there right now there are no teams intimate relationship with those folks that of Chinese archaeologists working on the used to live in dual on at that time and then plateau at all none none working on any finally I'm going to take you out west and early sites whatsoever not working on sites have you take a look at the major of Tibetan Buddhism so our record is archaeological site called tolling and how it extremely thin I should also point out too is met the Cultural Revolution of China in the that there very few Westerners working on 1970s through 1980s so this is where we're there I think the blurb that was used to going before we get moving though on my describe my career was that I'm the only humble Buddhists of upper Mustang I'd like archaeologist that was ever given formal to give you a sense of a bit of Tibetan position permission to work on the plateau Buddhism now I am NOT a Buddhist I know and that's true I'm the only one in the last 50 about Buddhism I respect Buddhism as a years who's ever been allowed to work with religion or as a philosophy really but if you the Chinese team having said that it's been ask me really detailed hard questions about up and down and as you might imagine the Buddhism I won't be able to answer them I politics can be fraught with the way in which apologize in advance right now but what I things have developed over time having want to get across then and trying to give said that though the good news is that we you a sense of what Buddhism is like is that do have some sense of the archaeological you know Buddhism begins sometime record of the Tibetan Plateau in specific around the around the fifth century BC in regard to Tibetan Buddhism so what I'm what is the the Shaka Muni the historical going to do is try to introduce you to some Buddha was born in what is now in Nepal but you know is often called northern India Buddhism but yet not really engaged in the at this time so he's born into a leat family he process quite yet so let's take a look now at becomes enlightened he dies and from that what I think some of the early humble point on the the teachings of the Buddha Buddhists might in fact have looked like and then become part of a historical tradition to do that we're going to go now to this and at some point you know a hundred village in Nepal now I know this is about years - longer after his death his teachings Tibetan Buddhism but trust me this is then become codified and they become almost China I'm sorry it's almost too bad ecclesiastical but the point I'm getting at what you're looking at is is wonderful here is that we really don't have a very clear Google Earth image of the village called understanding of what an unbelievable Eyck Samsung which is this place where I'd up what there's a early Buddhist in any of these here if you walk this direction about two and contexts that we might see either in Nepal a half hours you can walk right onto the or northern India what would they actually Tibetan Plateau and you can cross the what would their material culture be like and border and pretty much go another 50 honestly we really don't have a good kilometers before you'd likely be stopped by answer for that that is we really don't have someone to tell you that you shouldn't be an archeological record that speaks to it there but in any case you can get a good because if you know much about Buddhism sense of what the village is like relatively at all it's really not about material culture it's small you can see the agricultural fields that about liberating yourself from that material are found down here as well there's a series culture in order to avoid being continually of them here and there's a number of reborn into suffering and then death yet abandoned fields in this region as well so again so so we don't expect to know much this is the modern village of Samsung and about the material culture of Buddhism and where I'm going to take you now is to this that's why it makes it so difficult to begin to this bit of a Mesa I don't know exactly how trace the earliest origins of it on the Tibetan else to describe it it's a bit down the valley Plateau as well as in other parts of the very close to the ledge maybe about a Central Asian region as well as the kilometre south of the village itself and what Himalayas to get a really firm sense of what you're looking at is these little small that might have looked like at that time the chambers right here and you can see some other point I'd like to make - before we fall down here you can see the difficulty launch into the more detailed discussion of perhaps of getting up into these things you the remains that we've encountered is know traditionally these places in Nepal something very simple that is that is Tibet have been called cave tombs and in fact seems to most of us to be a place where they have they have human remains in Buddhism is timeless that is it's been it them they are tombs but they're not really seems like it's been there from time caves in the classic sense that is these immemorial because of the spiritual really are not caves they're really shaft connotations that Buddhism into entails in tombs that is they were constructed by fact Buddhism got to the Tibetan Plateau humans they built it cut a shaft down into very late Buddhism really doesn't appear in the ground when they get to wherever they any kind of systematic way until about 650 think they want to stop they make a or so ad and it's really a nut until 775 779 chamber down below and then they begin to AD that the first major monastic and temple inter they're dead within these chambers in complex is constructed on the plateau but fact these tombs were not visible until about yet surrounding the plateau in Afghanistan 2009 because you know when we got into in Southeast Asia and in China itself there's the this region about 2010-11 we'd started a great deal of Buddhist activity that's been asking our colleagues our local informants taking place and so in this sense then Tibet where did these how long have these been is an isolated island that surrounded by here how long have you noticed these things and I said well no we didn't notice those holes or you get out of the hole it's them until about two years ago and we said relatively easy to work them but when really I said yeah and they said we said you're in a cave you kind of forget for a how'd that happened and they said well look moment that you're you know you can't you see these things down here these were actually back up like this and walk out the actually covering each and every one of door because if you do you drop you know these chambers here and at some point 50 meters down to the bottom so you're all there was either an earthquake water kind roped into these places and so you can see of infiltrating behind that front of the facade my comrades are looking very carefully at of this cliff face and these things simply making sure that they don't in fact drop tumbled off exposing these tombs so it's themselves out as we the process of actually a spectacular archaeological find excavating the remains from this context that we never ever would have seen had we now the beauty of this context was is that simply dropped up and down the valley the preservation is actually quite good and even gotten on top it would have been so what you find in this instance you're difficult to locate these items well if you're looking at some of the remains right here as paying attention you can see something a wooden turns out to be these are wooden about how one might actually try to do beds I'll show you an example of this in a archeology in these contexts you don't climb moment you can see that the remains or in these you don't walk in these you have to excuse me the remains of a child but the do the following to work in these this is the other thing that was really disturbing about the adventure archaeology part that's this context was in fact that the rooves of actually a lot of fun you dangle on ropes and these things had collapsed much of the I'm not a big rope fan you know and I had to initial context that might have been available learn how to rappel and it's a two jumar and to us that is the in terms of seeing what the to do the fraud you know all the things that relationship of the artifacts that were once climbers have to do I had to learn simply to deposited in these contexts it was really get into these things and so you walk up very heavily disturbed is very difficult to get that very steep incline yeah hunc your ropes a good sense of what the spatial up you dangle down in there and then you relationships were within these tombs descend into these contexts and so you can because of this disturbance so we did the see that our team is taking pictures these best we could in terms of recovering the the contexts are fairly clear as you see there data and in fact there's a great deal of as well the guy that's on tops with is back in archaeological material that was from these pain facing you is actually a very famous tomb contexts most of the material that we alpinists it's somewhat endeavor Everest encountered were really very utilitarian seven times in the course of his career Pete objects these are two of the daggers we Athens if any of you guys are Alpine found iron we found maybe ten or twelve of aficionados he's a wonderful colleague and these over the course of the project we boy I trust him with my life because if I didn't ended up with a lot of arrowheads and there I'd be down at the bottom with my still would attach to the bottom as you can colleagues that the archeological remains see as well we found a tremendous amount from this site at this time so when you're in of horse tack lots of buckles and sorts of these things that sir rather difficult to pieces of you know equipment that one actually begin to work there there are two of would put with one's horse most of this is mine Nepali colleagues and you can see iron and so it's been oxidized and rather you're roped in because your natural and damaged but yet we got a great deal of that you know when you dig on the landscape a yoke of us of a saddle that also we found every other project I've ever been on it's all and then part of those beds that I described flat land you know you're digging holes in as well so we out of these contexts were a the ground and you're going down into great deal of these utilitarian objects that that were really very indicative of the sorts very very thin sheet of gold and a very very of things the daily lives of the people who thin sheet of silver on the back hammered were interred in them and I should point out together to make a rep you say of the that the people who were interred in most of individual that might have been buried in these it was a complete range of people this tomb context it's a really spectacular infants young children adults adolescents find nothing like this had ever been located old people everybody these are communal before in the nation of Tibet I'm sorry of tombs for the most part so that what would Nepal now you're probably asking yourself happen is someone would die the shaft or at least I hope you are fine these are would be opened up the remains would be lovely remains you found some really cool taken down into the tomb someone we stuff but so what does this have to do with would be put on one of the bunk beds the Buddhism and now I'm going to tell you base of which you see right here someone what this has to do with Buddhism we found would be taken off the bed moved on to the this mask this summer I found another one floor perhaps so this was this was the just like it as well are very similar to it and if content of the tombs and we by the time we you look very very closely there is one were finished with the excavations this past distinctive mark of Buddhist iconography summer we've gotten somewhere on the that you can see on the cheek of this order of a hundred one hundred twenty individual do you see it and if you don't see distinct individuals from these tomb contexts it I'm gonna show it to you right now a bit they all date between the years of roughly more closely what is that it's a swastika a 300 and 700 AD just before we think swastika is a very clear rendition of early Buddhism gets onto the plateau now this is Buddhist iconography and so if you drive not all we found here here's an example of through India you drive through Nepal you one of the more spectacular finds that we drive through Tibet you'll find that almost all located this was a an elite person that is the trucks and other vehicles that are run by there's a person that was buried inside that indigenous folks they have swastikas wooden coffin the person was accompanied painted everywhere swastikas are a by a large number of animal skulls that is common feature of Tibetan iconography the skulls of yak sheep one horse a few they're really an indication a representation other odds and ends as well some other of a mandala is what these are it just vessels were with him wooden vessels happens to be in the form of a swastika and bamboo cups you know some iron vessels it's got the four cardinal directions and bronze vessels lots of good things and in placed on there but what's fascinating is is fact there was a other pert there was on one of these gold masks gold and silver another person buried with him as well a again just like the previous one before but small child that you see at the foot of the at now we've got the very clear indication that the foot of his tomb the problem is is that we somebody at some point inside one of these really don't know if this is what it looked like tombs was at least thought to be or was because when the tomb collapsed a very was believing to be or was adhering to in large boulder what straight down on the some sense the tenants of Buddhism now context of the tomb itself so all of the one other question before we end with this original context was gone but this is a good mask is why does it look like this and this is reconstruction I think of what was there one one of the fascinating questions about this of the more spectacular finds that we that is when we excavated here we're sifting located was this mask its mask I thought away and one of the guys pulls something never really seen anything quite like that in out of the screen it says here you need to my career I really wasn't sure what it was look at this and he throws me this lump it's until we started looking at it carefully the just this little hard lump of something and I metallurgist though working on the project look at it kind of carefulness if I'm not sure for us tell us it's composed of two things a what this lump is I could just see a tiny bit of gold pigment though sticking out behind it hundred years or so but finally the last and so we found another lump just like this indicator that is absolutely stunning that we one as well and so I was really reluctant at encountered when we excavated in these the time when we're getting ready to leave I cave tombs of upper Mustang or the said you know I really don't want to unfold following if you look carefully at this image these and we said yeah we better unfold and you'll notice on the upper image the them and so what had happened is these chattering on the bone those are cut marks gold masks instead of like that previous one that are intentionally placed on the bone I showed you these have been folded into that is someone's flesh has been taken off these not not intentional shapes just little of these bones that is the almost every lumps of metal that really look like nothing single individual within the tombs but when you unfold them they become themselves has had some kind of treatment these gorgeous gold masks so at least one that has removed the flesh from their bones person was a Buddhist or at least some almost every bone that we that of the type relationship with that but there's another of we've encountered skulls to toe bones remain of Buddhism as well and this is a has been touched by this flesh removal Sansa this is a this is a commemorative process and so the question is why is this piece made out of clay from a stamp this is taking place what is this why are these what's called a chorten a chorten is a people being defleshed now they're not reliquary in which the remains of at least in being butchered I want to be make that the early days the remains of the Buddha really clear they're not being dismembered were placed inside one of these there is the flesh is just being taken off the bones also though important Lama rather sort of and so questions then begin to raise where lay figures that are quite important to did this come from why this we would love Buddhist thinking or often their remains or to know if this is common practice on the objects of their lives are interred within them Tibetan Plateau but the sad truth is is that and so this was found in the context as well even though some archeology has been on a different part of the cave system done on tombs there over the last say 15 or suggesting that yet another person was 20 years sadly the Tibetan of the Chinese involved or a group of people who were that have excavated those tombs did not involved in Buddhist activities as well and to save the human remains and so there's no give you a sense of what these are more way to know this question of whether or not commonly like when they're not so eroded there was the same burial treatment of or damaged something like this and then these individuals so we find this very odd finally the last object that we located was pattern of defleshing of people and so we this right here which was a larger tatse this begin to make speculations about where is a plaque and as you can see they have a this could come from and this is where my an individual seated on a throne they have historians and ethnographers and religious two graceful figures draping that individual specialists begin to come in Zoroastrianism side-to-side when you look at the and dogs they don't de flush them iconography of this it becomes very themselves but it's a common practice in apparent that this is a Buddha like figure that religion other ideas seem to be although there's some striking differences percolating from the north Western here it's not sitting on a lotus throne it's Himalayas that relate to this process as well sitting on a different kind of throne that's and then finally some of the other evidence very uncommon in this iconography so this that we've got that suggests that there's is Buddhism but not quite of a later stage ideas and concepts moving from that North and so again this is a form of Buddhist Western Himalayan area where some early practice that's being placed into these Buddhists are known to have existed is the tombs but yet it's not Buddhism as it's going fact that our studies and David alluded to to become classically in another three this earlier in his introduction to me there are we're also looking at the population know that a very significant number of them history of the upper Mustang region from a are in fact the tombs of the first Buddhist biological perspective that as we're trying to kings but since they've never been get some sense of who what when how excavated we know very little about what's when where people came from that lived in in them that is they've been looted we think these plateaus and to do this we're looking that is at least some of them we know have at a whole raft of different kinds of evidence been damaged and one way or another by primarily ancient DNA extracting that from folks over the last five or six hundred years the teeth of these individuals and then these tombs date anywhere between 500 getting reconstructions of their genomes AD pre Buddhist era into the roughly 838 40 and what evidence we have right now ad so we have a good sense of when they suggests that a very large number of the are fall in time but we really don't know about the connections that we see from a genetic much of what's inside these and so we standpoint are coming from the North would like to know at some level to the Western Himalayas so I believe that what degree to which we can faithfully represent we're looking at at Mustang are these very the elite Buddhists of early Buddhist kings in early humble Buddhists that we would love these contexts this is what history tells us to know more about from the plateau but about some of these things and this is a might likely never find out more about them image from a very scholarly work published in the future and then finally this could be a by a eminent Danish Tibbett ologist by the precursor to sky burial if you know anything name of har who took a look at the existing about the way in which Tibetans actually records that were from a important bury their dead they do it in multiple manuscript find and the Silk Road good long modalities but one of the most common is which some of you may know about and sky berry where the individual is placed on some of the Dunhuang manuscripts actually on the ground or in a platform like this their provide an insight into what early Tibetan bodies are rent and vultures come and take King burial rituals were all about now since the flesh and then what remains are we haven't been in one we do know destroyed by the individuals who and you something about what might be in there and know initiate the process so they're more when you take a look at this what do you questions here than I've answered then I see you see something that's a bit can answer for you right now but yet I do reminiscent of Buddhism do you not you believe that we looked at very early humble see a mandala it's just the other way around Buddhists in this very interesting context so it's not the one that Buddhists typically right adjacent to the Tibetan plan so now used when they represent themselves this let's turn to this other topic these other is a mandala that's often associated with regions that we're going to go to now I'm what is known as some pre Buddhist going to talk about your lung and in very religious belief practice on the plateau you and shortly the tombs that dual on and so know some people call this bong other what you're looking at here another Google people say they really don't know what it is Earth image the places I want you to see on I'm not going to speculate for the moment the landscape are these very large or at on it because I always give myself in trouble angular structures right here there are some when I do that I'd rather not do that right smaller ones over here very large one right now the point being is that this is not here none of these I should point out I've Buddhism but it's something related to it ever been excavated so these have been although unclear exactly what that sitting since some of these are pre Buddhist relationship might in fact be if you we know that for a fact that is we believe reconstruct this tomb at least in terms of the they're pre-buddhist I guess that's not quite way in which horror thinks it might have a fact but you know it's close enough for for been created you get a sense of a very the work that we're doing right now but we interesting three-dimensional construction I didn't chamber on top then with this moment and again we're we're going to now mandala shape down below and I should is this thing called the rush we mortuary point out that the the down below part has a complex outside of Duan and here is this variety of different kinds of artifacts within it structure that I'd like you to look at and a variety of different things brought in to there's at least one familiar aspect to that accompany the Tibetan King into the structure right there which should remind afterlife and these again mostly are pre you just a bit of some of the Tibetan tombs Buddhist but how would we then begin to Kings in the our alum Valley and I should think about how these pre Buddhist remains point out that these are roughly might morph themselves into a Buddhist contemporaneous between 650 and 750 ad reality when we speak of these elites well to in that range of time if you look at this open do that now we've got to actually turn to a let me step back for one moment if you I different location and so we're going to turn want you to not forget about these things to this region called do LAN which is right down here because these things become here here's Lhasa down here for your quite interesting in our conversation I want reference here's dumpling where those you to see all of these things out here - manuscripts are described were located and these are all tombs that have been looted the reason why I show you this image is one over the past I don't know how many very important set of lines that are drawn on hundreds of years by one group of people here these are the appear is the primary or another so archaeologists come out to route this one and this one of the Silk Road some of them but mostly they were looted so this is the Silk Road coming from the by people looking for various kinds of things West and then eventually hooks up going primarily fabrics to some extent gold as well around the Taklamakan desert and then as other objects as well that were important back off into Central Asia it then you know on the International earth market so this is when's its way down primarily done to Xian what do LAN look like in the late 1970s if and of course it went further to the east as you look at it really carefully what do you well and what you're looking at then are see you see you see a huge mound now Spurs that come off of the Silk Road now this is all I should point out all of this is one of the most important things that the artificial this is not a natural hillock this is Tibetan the the nascent Tibetan Empire did made by people and on top you've got an and we're not quite with the nascent Tibetan even you have a smaller mound on top but Empire yet but ultimately we will be is that yet it's also part of this elaborate they ended up gaining control of the Silk construction that was created by the people Road and gaining control of the Silk Road who lived in this region the those little areas was very important because what that did I wanted to show you they were down here was provide them with access to the in front of this complex that I'll get to in a fabulous wealth that was going back and moment this is what that tomb looks like forth between China and the Mediterranean now and well this is a picture I took in 1998 world and so they literally siphoned it off when I was able to do some work there with and much of that siphoning then went into the Chinese archaeologists and you can building eventually temples monasteries see then what has hate taken place the and creating the the ecclesiastical structure substrate this very large mound still exists that we associated with later Buddhist and if you look really carefully that's the activities so it's a very important way that remnant of the top of that mound up there the early Tibetan Empire in these early as well I hesitate to tell you how this was states began to create a basis of wealth that excavated first but I'm going to tell you was then translated at least in great part to anyway because it's good it's not religious activities but what is it then about necessarily a good story but it's a realistic dual on that becomes interesting to us in story about how some of this archeology this context well let's take a look here for a gets done the majority of that upper structure until they encountered the room is a honest to god authentic Tibetan literally in that context was blown off by Buddhist mandala in this context so this is dynamite so you just blow the thing up you the first tip-off right now that you're dealing get a bunch of guys out there you sweep it with people who think of themselves at least all off and there it is so it's fast but if you in part as being Buddhists no you don't believe in maintaining context it's a bit of a make a mandala unless there's some difficult pill to swallow I was not there this significance of religion to you in that regard was excavated in the early 1980s into the and when you look at some of the content in late 1980s so in any case that's what the there as I'll show you in a moment there's a complex looks like and so I show you now bit of content that actually does in fact two images that I want to get across about reflect a Buddhist belief system but there's what what they what they should really something else that's quite interesting here remind you of one of them in particular the as well and I think we need to point it out image on the right is a one of the chambers because it's not just all sweetness and light that was located above if you do you when you get into what these folks are remember that image I showed you from really up to you see this kind of thing taking your alone it had a had a had a mandala place you see a good deal of animal and on top of moon all had a small room on sacrifice as well as human sacrifice and top of that as well a structure this was on that's in those if you recall those linear lines top so there's a large room that was on top those pits in front of the mound there were of this with multiple chambers you can see dozens of these pits and they were full of some of the wood that was actually horses sheep yak goat and some people encountered in this as well unfortunately now ask yourself this question do Buddhists much of the material that was in here was engage in this practice they do not so this is looted by folks way back in the past we clearly not a Buddhist practice but yet there really don't know when but as much of it is are Buddhist elements within this context a gone I'll get to what was in there for a few other indicators of Buddhism then moment but I want you to look carefully become important these don't look like even though this is not the best image that much these are gold this these motifs come you might see I want you to look really from Persia from Sogdian area of Persia carefully at this image because you're going which not quite sure where that's at but to see something a bit like this later on in that's in modern Iran and these filial zand time but I want you to speculate just for a this design is very clearly of that era part of moment on what it is you're actually seeing that Silk Road trade that I was talking about so this is a test and I encourage anybody earlier and although the the context of this is who wants to tell me what they think they not entirely certainly understood we believe see in this image to tell me so don't be shy that most of it was actually appended to this is kind of like jeopardy without the something like this which is a silver reliquary music you know I'm not going to do the that actually is of the Buddhist era this was music part but I will kind of push you a little not found at duel on but this is the thing we bit to think about what do you what do you think was attacked those things were see bingo looks like a cross and to a attached to and this is very clearly Buddhist Tibetan what what is a cross called crosses if you look at the images on the sides of that a mandala a crosses a men dollar that has there's a seated boot over here there's you know the four cardinal directions Buddhist Bodhisattvas as well as individuals embodied in it and so this has relatively that you might call angels they're sitting on come this a bit more complex mandala but a lotus platform as well this is very clearly you saw the mandala earlier did you not at Buddhist activity but where was where it's your lung reversed mundo that is a swastika found is absolutely fascinating you think it on the other side indicative of early non was found in the mandala how many hands Buddhist religion now what you're looking at say mandala yeah nobody wants to go there right because I gave it away didn't I who I'm going to take you with another Google wants to find it up on that upper platform Earth image to this image right here of the that I pointed out first don't want to go there it's the modern Chinese town of asada and either is it in the pits yes it's in the pits with the ko the temple complex of toh Ling is all the other animal and human sacrifices so right here and what does that remind you of you've got these Buddhist elements inside right there you got a big mandala right there the human and animal sacrifice context yet okay so we've got mandalas now we had there's the mandala on top and then the early mandalas we've got the elite final thing that says this is Tibetan or mandalas at dual on and now they've got Tibetan Buddhist in particular is this right the real thing and what you're looking at here which is an absolutely fascinating right now is the real thing of Tibetan object this is a charm and it's a charm Buddhism this is classic ecclesiastical against evil and what you're looking at is the Tibetan Buddhism as you're seeing it right charm is inscribed on the skull of a camel now what you're looking at before this was this is you know upon the the Silk Road is the establishment of Buddhism on the you know passing by here so camels are plateau now you're looking at it in its full relatively common even on this part of the form now what's fascinating about toe Ling Silk Road in northern Tibet or in Qinghai so is that some folks actually went there in the this charm is you can see that there's 1930s and the 1940s and they took pictures Tibetan script on here now which is makes it which is of course wonderful for the a bit later after 700 AD or so so what are archaeologists you know you almost never you looking at then in the picture of these get something of a in fact you never get a these these Buddhists at du lon these are great picture of an ancient Pueblo in the not pure Buddhists they're not even pre American Southwest because nobody was Buddhists in one sense these are some kind taking pictures back then now you've got of syncretic Buddhists that is they've got something that says this is what tolling their religion is a mixture of indigenous local looked like back in the 1930s in the 1940s religion that was probably being practiced so if you look carefully then at this image by the people who are the pre Buddhist you'll see here's the here's the context of kings of Tibet and who were interred in the entire site plan there's that very large some of those mounds I showed you in the mandala that I showed you earlier from the yarlung Valley but they're also adopting aerial view you look down here and you'll important aspects of Buddhist life as well so notice a number of different features there's this is the this is the way Buddhism begins the back side of that complex at least one to start at the elite level of society on the view of it right there and if you look at these Tibetan Plateau so now you've seen the structures right here these are these humble and now you've seen the elites and wonderful reliquaries or chortens and so now what I'm going to do is to take you they're in remarkably good condition aren't to something quite different is that I'm going they they're intact their site is relatively to take you to now the established Buddhist clean everything looks you know for the religion on the Tibetan Plateau to give you a most part like it's going quite well you take a sense of what that looks like so now we're look at this very large Jordan which is going to go to far western Tibet and to outside the context of the actual compound tolling and the cultural evolution the image itself and it's in wonderfully good condition you're looking at is the bad lads out there you'll notice another thing too there are no it's an absolutely stunning landscape it is holes in these these have not been looted just tremendously gorgeous and what is these are in tact which is really important fascinating about this is that some of the because there might be interesting things most important monuments of Tibetan inside them should you enter them in some Buddhism are found within this relatively sense going further with that idea check this difficult and painful looking environment so out this is this is a stucco figure so the way in which these figures are created these are begin to fight with one another Buddhism not these are not stone in this context what then goes into something of a decline it you do is you make something out of it's doesn't fail to stop it continues to exist it's really it's like it's like paper mache you build no longer patronized what you're seeing these things out of clay and straw you then right here though is the establishment that make them hard you paint them they're not re-establish and if you will of Ackley's has to fired and then you put them on the walls classical Buddhism in this Western Tibetan and so they're relatively fragile they look like reiden region it's called the Chi dar in they're you know solid but they're really you Tibetan this reestablishment second can poke a finger through them if you poke diffusion if you will of it so this is an hard enough but in the 1930s when this important place this is you know it's it's as image was taken by Giuseppe Tucci one of holy as any of the other temples that still the most famous Explorer Tibbett ologists exist in central Tibet right now like the cho from Italy or from anywhere for that matter kong and lhasa like zambia monastery in this is what it looked like in one of those the end the young uncle Vali any number of temples that I showed you earlier at that site other places that still exist right now this is of toll Lake there's another image as well to equivalent to you know one of their make it clear that yes indeed those things cathedrals if you will well this is what it were in fact intact they were all painted they looked like in 2000 I'm sorry 1997 when I were in glorious color and I should also first visited the site and it looks like it's intact point out too that all the walls in these but it isn't you can see that it's really a ruin complexes for the most part as you can kind right now that is it you can begin to get a of see from the previous image you can see sense that you know the walls have been that they were painted as well so there's collapsed what you're looking at here is extraordinary wall paintings in these sites so remember one of those those chortens I these are truly tremendous important finds described to you this is what's left of one of that were as early as the earth sorry as late those Jordans right here the doors are gone as the 1930s and 40s were in fact intact I some of the roofs are gone it's it's not in should point out then the reason why this good shape another image to give you a site is important and this is then a a better look at it this is taken as well in 1997 reconstruction of what people think the from a different angle and you begin to see complex at tolling actually looks like here then that yeah the spires are still more or you've got the mandala shape as you can less intact but you'll notice there's it's it's a see it right there some of those reliquaries ruin at the moment one thing that you do you saw right there in front of it in that see though here is this image right there context there's some extraordinary this and that that's a sign in Chinese that complex here is the I think it's called the red basically says men at work and there were temple it's just full of the most extraordinary men at work at that time and what they were paintings or was most extraordinary doing is they were literally excavating this paintings you can think about as well as any temple why were they excavating the of the other buildings right here why is this temple becomes the question well this is site important well the site is important why this is an image that was taken in just primarily because it represents the the before I got this is actually from 1985 not I reestablishment of ecclesiastical buddhism did not take this picture so I can't take credit aspera after its collapse in the about 850 ad for it this is what the interior of every single or so the tibetan empire retracts from its one of those buildings that you saw a tolling control of the Silk Route it begins to go look like what do you see you see under a great deal of internal fractionation manuscripts that have been ripped out of the empire that once existed as a solidifying their covers some of them burned some of entity begin than to splinter small clans them not you see objects of different kinds small warring states small war and politics the entire contents of every single one of these buildings at this temple were simply live through it and I asked them well it's kind destroyed damaged tossed around anything of like you know dad what to do during the that was valuable though anything that war I say my friend what to do during the looked like it was important bronzes Tonka's culture evolution they will talk about it for the those you know wall paintings that are most part many people simply are quiet common in Tibet those were taken away about it because they're either ashamed of and in fact many of them have ended up on what did happen or they're ashamed that the international art market had been sold in they didn't do something about it or they one context or another who did this well if were they were damaged in some sense by you were paying attention to my earlier slide it like these like these enemies of Buddhism it was tolling meets the Cultural Revolution right here but things have changed the and those of you who know anything about wheel of karma has turned for tolling in any the culture of Aleutian found that it was a case so by 2001 all that work that had been tremendously difficult period of Chinese done in the minute work it was actually then history where different factions of Chinese restored so you can go to tolling and you communism were fighting each other to can see the site has been in fact relatively prove to each other who was the most leftist well reconstructed but unfortunately it the of them and so that when you prove the this is really only the exterior when you go most leftist what you were doing is you were inside what you find is pretty much nothing destroying the four olds one of which was that is you find objects like this they're still old history old the the foundations if you will beautiful but the entire context has been of Chinese history in this case Tibetan damaged of course you don't get any real history so this is what the result of that was sense of what these places were like before who were doing this cadres and the culture of illusion swept through them unfortunately most of the cadres were in some of the statues I pointed out to you you fact Tibetans that is there may have been know they've been defaced and very badly some Chinese out here leading them but and so they're still there some of them you there were Chinese Tibetan communists as can actually see so in one sense then tolling well that we're leading the cadres to create became part of the modern archaeological this destruction and also the thievery that record of Tibet and there are a very large took place within these contexts more of this number of archaeological sites that were you know ruins of this sort that you get a found in this region that looked just like that clear example of the burning that took place here's one that I worked at in called Pyong here as well and then images I mean some this was a sister monastery of tolling that of the art that was in there has been was founded sometime around a thousand defaced and destroyed by this process and AD and you can get a sense of what this in fact one of those jordans that you saw site looks like it's in ruins this is what that earlier you know was looted to find what temple looked like at some point now I got was inside heaven knows what was actually to point out that this was not all done by the there but it is undoubtedly something quite culture of illusion but a lot of it was you go important because again keep in mind this into the context as well and you find that was one of the holiest shrines of Tibetan everything that I showed you from tolling Buddhism and it would be like going to let's was in fact underneath the film when the say the Vatican and walking in and stealing roof was collapsed all those objects that you anything you like and leaving it in ruins on saw a tolling were all underneath the floor your way out the door so that's what this collapsed by this roof chortens that were represents to you know Tibetan Buddhists there were looted as well so that much of at this time so you can imagine then how the archaeological record then of Tibetan local Tibetans feel about this process that is Buddhism as we see it on the plateau are everyone is sad about the occult revolution I found in this state and so it's a very sad have Chinese colleagues of my age who place for the archaeology of Tibetan Buddhism to be because much of it is gone and the interesting fact is is that there's not much archaeological work being done on that right now there's none and I'm not sure if there ever will be any more done on that plateau as well but I always like to end on a bit of an optimistic note now I know that you many archaeological conversations of one kind or another and people end with sunsets no well sorry but this is actually a sunrise on the Tibetan Plateau in the middle of nowhere but it was a gorgeous morning after a tremendous thunderstorm and even though I've become somewhat cynical about the prospects of a Tibetan archaeology the fact is is that I still have hope for it that is when I went and began to work with my Chinese colleagues in 1997 at Pyong that site I showed you last I thought I thought they would be interested in the economic aspects of the site itself that is I thought that their primary concern would be how does one create a monastic institution and very difficult environment as conversing with David this morning he was talking about Chaco you're saying you know I want to know how Chaco got made well I wanted to know how Chaco got made I'm sorry not Chaco I want to know how peein got made too but I figured the Chinese were going to be interested in that because they are of course materialistic godless communists right well what did I find they were actually interested in tracing the early sex of Tibetan Buddhism in this region which is complete shock to me their interest was in the art and the art history and salvaging some of this material so I do in fact have some hope for what Tibetan archaeology could in fact be of the Buddhist era so with that I'll leave you with some optimism about what the future might be like.