Chi SquareTest

Example 1: In an Antimalarial campaign in India, Quinine was administered to 500

persons out of a total population of 2000. The no. of fever cases is shown below:
Discuss the usefulness of Quinine in checking malaria.

Treatment Fever No Fever Total

Quinine 20 280 500
No Quinine 100 1400 1500
Total 120 1880 2000

Hypothesis:
H0: Quinine = Not effective in checking malaria
Ha: Quinine ≠ Not effective in checking malaria
Given Data:
Treatment Fever Expected No Fever Expected Total
Value Value
Quinine 20 30 480 470 500
No Quinine 100 90 1400 1410 1500
Total 120 1880 2000

(O  E ) 2 ( RT )(CT )
x2   ,E  , N  2000
E N
( RT )(CT ) (500)(120)
E11    30
N 2000
( RT )(CT ) (1500)(120)
E12    90
N 2000
( RT )(CT ) (500)(1880)
E21    470
N 2000
( RT )(CT ) (1500)(1880)
E11    1410
N 2000
Calculation of χ2
O E (O-E) (O-E)2 (O  E ) 2
E
20 30 -10 100 3.33
100 90 10 100 1.11
480 470 10 100 0.21
1400 1410 -10 100 0.07
(O  E ) 2 = 4.72

E

(O  E ) 2   (c  1)( r  1)  ( 2  1)( 2  1)  1
x2   = 4.72
E

x02.05  3.84

H0 is failed and rejected. Hence, Quinine is useful in checking malaria

Example 2: A drug X claimed to be effective in curing colds. In an experiment on 500
persons with cold, half of them were given the drug X and half were given placebo
(sugar pills). The patients reactions to the treatment are recorded in the following
table:
Treatment Helped Reaction No Effect Total
Drug 150 30 70 250
Placebo 130 40 80 250
Total 280 70 10 500

Hypothesis:
H0: Drug =Placebo
Ha: Drug ≠ Placebo
Given Data:
Treatment Helped E Reaction E No E Total
Effect
Drugs 150 140 30 35 70 75 250
Placebo 130 140 40 35 80 75 250
Total 280 70 150 500

(O  E ) 2 ( RT )(CT )
x2   ,E  , N  500
E N
( RT )(CT ) (250)( 280)
E11    140
N 500
( RT )(CT ) (250)(70)
E21    35
N 500
( RT )(CT ) (250)(150)
E31    75
N 500
Calculation of χ2
O E (O-E) (O-E)2 (O  E ) 2
E
150 140 10 100 0.714
130 140 -10 100 0.714
30 35 -5 25 0.714
40 35 5 25 0.714
70 75 -5 25 0.333
80 75 5 25 0.333
(O  E ) 2 = 3.522

E

(O  E ) 2   (c  1)( r  1)  (3  1)( 2  1)  2
x2   = 3.522
E

x02.05  5.99

H0 is passed and accepted. Hence, there is no significant difference In the effect of

drug X and placebo.
Example 3: From the following data, find out whether there is any relationship
between sex (Male/ Female) and preference of colour.
Colour Males Females Total
Pink 10 40 50
Black 70 30 100
Yellow 30 20 50
Total 110 90 200

Hypothesis:
H0: Colour Preference by Male = Colour Preference by Female
Ha: Colour Preference by Male ≠ Colour Preference by Female
Given Data:
Colour Male E Female E Total
Pink 10 27.5 40 22.5 50
Black 70 55 30 45 100
Yellow 30 27.5 20 22.5 50
Total 110 90 200

(O  E ) 2 ( RT )(CT )
x2   ,E  , N  200
E N
( RT )(CT ) (50)(110 )
E11    27.5
N 200
( RT )(CT ) (100)(110 )
E12    55
N 200
Calculation of χ2
O E (O-E) (O-E)2 (O  E ) 2
E
10 27.5 -17.5 306.25 11.16
70 55 15 225 4.09
30 27.5 2.5 6.25 0.23
40 22.5 17.5 306.25 13.61
30 45 -15 225 5.00
20 22.5 -2.5 6.25 0.28
(O  E ) 2 = 34.35

E

(O  E ) 2   (c  1)( r  1)  (3  1)( 2  1)  2
x2   = 34.35
E

x02.05  5.99

H0 is failed and rejected. Hence, there is a relationship between sex and preference
of the colour.