TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………...………...2
1.1 Rationale………………………………...…………………………………………..……..2
1.2 Statement of The Problem…………………………………………….,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,..…….…5
1.3 Significance of The Study………………………………………….……,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,…,...….6
1.4 Scope and Limitation…………………………………………………………,,,,,,,,,,,,……8
1.5 Definition of Key Terms…………………………………………………,,,,,,,,,,,,,…...…...9
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES…………..…...…10
2.1 Review of Related Literature………………………………………………………...…...10
2.2 Review of Related Studies……………………………….……………..…………..….....12
2.2.1 The Effects of Single Parenting……………………………….……….………......12
2.2.2 The Significance of Having a Family in a Child’s Life……………..…………..…13
2.2.3 The Effects of Divorce to a Child………………………………………..…..…….14
2.2.4 Family Fragmentation……………………………………………….……….….....17
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY………………………………..……………21
3.1 Research Design…………………………………….……………………………...….…21
3.2 Research Respondents………………………………………..………………...…….…..21
3.3 Research Environment………………………………………………..….……...….…….21
3.4 Research Instrument………………………………………………………………..….….22
3.5 Data Gathering Procedure…………………………………….……..……........................22
3.6 Data Analysis Procedure…………………………………………..……………………...22
3.7 Ethical Considerations……………………………………………………………………22
REFERENCES………………………………………………………………………………….24
APPENDICES…………………………………………………………………………………..31
I. Transmittal Letter…………………………………………………………………………..31
II. Research Budget…………………………………………………………………………...32
III. Research Timetable……………………………………………………………………….33

1
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 RATIONALE
A family is what makes up a community, the mother and the father are the main

component who possesses the most essential origin of the behavior of the youth that affects their

life mindset. The relationship between a family is an important element for the whole being of a

person as well as its actions, personality and the values that depend on the traditional family in

which an individual resides. A family, according to McLarty (2020), is the single most important

influence in a child’s life. Children depend on their family from the first moment they set foot on

earth, and the family acts as a protector, provider, role model and teacher. The family is a child’s

first relationship, and their first social interaction. When parents actively promote their growth,

children can thrive. The family is therefore responsible for shaping a child’s personality and

teaching them how to act and what to value in life.

All through history, and still today, people rely on their family for support both socially

and financially. In prehistoric times, family was everything, and without one, one had lower

chances of survival than others. Many religions, such as Catholicism, also see the great value of

a family. Pope Francis (2014) uttered that the family is the foundation of co-existence and a

remedy against social fragmentation. All members of society learn from their families how to act

among others, and how to uphold said society.

The relationship within a family would naturally affect a child’s upbringing. A family

who openly talks about feelings and thoughts would most likely result in a child who can speak

their mind and feelings. A family with a lot of internal conflict might result in a child who also

starts conflict. A child within a family that gives them less attention, would naturally seek this

2
out, as it is a basic need within all human beings, and if this need is not satisfied, it might lead to

the child’s mental health taking a toll. Loneliness is not an uncommon feeling in our digitalized

society, and that again could lead to more serious conditions, such as depression, anxiety, and

hopelessness.

Family fragmentation is where a member of a family has problems and conflicts which

would increase divorce rates and promote single parenting. According to Siddiqua (2017), rising

rates of divorce and consequent family fragmentation have always troubled child- and family

welfare. In a family that goes through family fragmentation, the focus could be moved away

from the child’s well-being and growth and onto the conflict causing the fragmentation. One

parent alone would also not be able to provide for the child in a way two parents would. It is

therefore natural to think that children who experience family fragmentation are at higher risk

when it comes to developing the previously mentioned conditions. We can see this in a study

conducted by Calderwood (2015), where they found that children who grow up in fragmented

homes are three times more likely to experience mental health problems. When a child

experiences this, it will affect every aspect of their life, including their academic performances in

school.

If a child faces familial problems, he or she might lose motivation and inspiration to

study. They might act out their distress in problematic behavior, such as being disobedient, bully

or act aggressive, which can negatively affect peer relationships, which again would negatively

affect the child (Green, 2015). Most people would brush off a child with poor academic

performance and problematic behavior as a “problem child” and would categorize them as lazy

or undisciplined. Many do not know the consequences of children going through family

fragmentation, and how it affects their everyday life and school performance. The researchers of

3
this study have therefore found it necessary to uncover how having a fragmented family would

affect a child’s academic abilities in school.

The aim of this study is to uncover how having a fragmented family would affect a

child’s academic abilities in school. In this research, the researchers will present how every

student’s circumstances, also outside of school, can affect their performance level and grades. It

is easy to label every low-performing student as lazy, or not disciplined, but the researchers will

in this research shed light on one of the reasons that might be causing a student to underperform.

By presenting this research, the researchers hope to bring new perspectives on the topic, and to

let other students know what it is like to live with a fragmented family, and how that affects

one’s life, especially when it comes to academic performance.

4
1.2 Statement of the Problem

This study will be focusing on how Cebu Doctors’ University senior high school students

are affected academically due to having fragmented families in the school year 2019-2020.

Specifically, this research sought to answer the following questions:

1. What are the views of senior high school students in Cebu Doctors’ University in having a

fragmented family?

1.1 How will this affect their perspective based on the concept of having a family?

1.2 What are their opinions prior to having a complete family to becoming a fragmented

family?

2. What are the effects of having a fragmented family?

2.1 How does this experience affect the students academically?

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1.3 Significance of The Study

A family is the most important influence in a person’s life especially students, their

family may or may not be the reason they are able to study. Their family situation will affect

their personality, behavior, influence, and values. But not everybody is fortunate enough to be a

part of a family wherein there are no problems between each of the family members, knowing

how much a person’s family situation can affect different aspects of their lives this study would

like to discover what the possible effects, in regards to academics, of having a fragmented

family. The researchers believe that the results of this research may educate the public about how

much having a fragmented family may or may not hinder a student’s academics. 

School

Through this research, schools may be able to learn and help students who are coping

with a broken family by providing guidance programs that can use our research as a reference.

Faculty Members

This study will authorize the teachers to understand and help these students adjust their

lives and make sure they are doing their best in school and striving hard for their futures.

Parents

This research enables the parents to fully understand what their children go through after

a parent divorces their significant other. This will allow the parents to give their children the

necessary attention of the mental problems they go through.

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Students

The students will be able to see what others are going through in this research allowing

them to accept and help these people who have fragmented families and keep them in a positive

environment for moral and emotional support towards these people.

Future Researchers

The research will also serve as a future reference to any individual who would be

conducting a study on the effects of long school hours to the students' productivity.

7
1.4 Scope and Limitation

This study will be focusing on the effects of family fragmentation in Cebu Doctors’

University – Senior High School students and how this can affect their academic development.

The researchers want to conduct this research in Cebu Doctors’ University, North Reclamation

Area 6014 Mandaue City, Cebu since the researchers’ have observed that there is a substantial

number of students in the university who are experiencing family fragmentation. The researchers

will be choosing in the Senior High School Department, specifically the Grade 11 students

because most of them are from other provinces and they are new to the situation of being far

away from their family. 

It is important to note that this study will have the following limitations:

Firstly, the researchers will only conduct this study to forty Grade 11 Senior High School

students. Having that small sample size, this research study will not be able to generalize.

Lastly, the time needed for conducting the research will be one month and a half,

throughout the end of the second semester (S.Y. 2019-2020). By having a sample size of forty

students, the researchers will be needing a bigger time of preparation in order for the researchers

to achieve their desired goals and objectives in conducting this research.

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1.5 DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS

Academic Work

Academic Work is acquiring knowledge through studying academically through teaching,

reading, participating, and etc. Where it is done on an educational institution.

Biological Parents

Biological Parents are sharing the same blood and genes as the child.

Fragmented Family

Fragmented Family is another word for having a broken family at home. It involves a

lack of presence with the mother and father wherein divorcement happened between both

persons. This consists of one member of the family and the child also known as a single parent.

Nuclear Family

Nuclear Family is a complete family that includes both mother and a father's presence

and lives in one household.

Psychological Health

Psychological Health talks about the mental being of the person on how it approaches

with its behavior, emotions and social ways to a matter on how the person acts upon it.

Parental Deprivation 

Parental Deprivation is the variable that contributes to psychological condition to

children. Consequently, it is the lack of parental involvement from the life of an individual. 

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 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter shows the review of related literature and studies of the study wherein it

includes ideas that have been finished, generalized and concluded. The mentioned cites that are

stated will help give clarity to the topic as it is being explained vividly.

2.1 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A child being away from his or her parents can cause matters to be imbalanced and make

the situation out of hand. A large literature has documented how parental separation is associated

with poorer filial outcomes in terms of psychological well-being, scholastic achievement, social

relationships, and adult socioeconomic status, and how these associations can be found for a

broad range of societies (Erman and Harkonen, 2017)

Parents have the greatest influence on a child’s life. Investigating the association of

family variables, psychological stress, and parenting behavior in order to determine the effects of

it on the child. Poverty being one of the factors, strategies for poverty alleviation of the parent,

addressing barriers that constrain parenting are the future service directions (Lam, 2010)

Separated families can really take a toll on a child’s life as he or she grows up and makes

life-changing decisions. Plenty of kids nowadays are affected by this knowing how 40% of

families end in divorce. In a book entitled “Growing Up with a Single Parent: What Hurts, What

Helps” the author explains how single parenting could potentially ruin a child’s chances for well-

being. Furthermore, McLanahan also talks about how children whose parents live apart are twice

as likely to drop out of high school as those in two-parent families, one and a half times as likely

10
to be idle in young adulthood, twice as likely to become single parents themselves. (McLanahan,

1994)

The result of a single parenting family triggers the child’s emotional factor and would

possess a slow development and progress compared to having a complete parenting family that

would not only give a positive impact on the child but also a better environment to be able to

grow up at. It was further discussed that if a child is separated by their parents the way they treat

others would reflect upon it but if a parent is there to support the child and being by their side

growing up it would give a more positive outlook and the child being successful in whatever is

being decided on to. (Humphreys, 2019)

All a parent could ever ask for is for his or her child to do well in school but having a

fragmented family can cause harm to that idea. Students with low achievements are a frequent

topic, resulting in the students being deprived of diplomas, certificates, medals and more.

Relationships between personal, family and academic factors that account for school failure, as

well as determine how these factors influence each other (Diaz, 2003).

Knowing how divorce and family separation is at an all-time high in this age, it is

important to know a child whose parents are going through this must feel. Pryor & Rodgers

(2001) published a book entitled “Children in changing families: Life after parental separation”.

This book covers a wide spectrum about how children may respond to certain situations in

regards to family separation. It was stated that family separation and its transitions may not

completely be the cause for a child’s decline in academics. There is so much that comes to the

factors contributing to the conclusion that a child’s academics are affected by the family

separation. 

11
12
2.2 Review of Related Studies 

2.2.1 The Effects of Single Parenting

Single Parenting happens when a child has only one parent and where circumstances

surround the household. According to Helberg et al. (2014), in Tulsa County, one of the reasons

for family fragmentation is due to the mothers’ transgression, as they are the main caretaker of

the child that makes them blame them for their action that causes mishap to the child’s welfare

and would be given a sanction by the law. As stated by Stewart (1999), the absence of a father

(the poor, noncustodial, and the unmarried ones) in a family is a struggle for the child. This

focuses on the poor fathers who have children but cannot marry as a result of poverty. Stewart

believes the risks that poor, noncustodial, and unmarried fathers incur upon themselves, their

children, and the mothers of their children are more numerous and cause more harm. 

Meanwhile, some children with single parents would question itself why such

circumstances happen to themselves. According to Thessien (1997) single parenting is one risk

factor that would cause unsuccessful achievement outcomes and multiplicative effects on the

child’s progress in studying. Based on the research of Abdallah et al. (2014) the results gathered

that adolescents from a complete family scored higher compared to single-parenting homes. This

shows that having a single parent does affect the child’s academic matter and the child’s self-

development.

Single Parenting rate has changed every year in some countries. Based on the results of

Child Trends (2013), the percentage of children living with single parents increased substantially

in the United States during the second half of the 20th century. Only 9 percent of children lived

with single parents in the 1960s, a figure that increased to 28 percent in 2012. Given current

13
trends, about half of all children will spend some time living with single parents before reaching

adulthood (McLanahan and Percheski, 2008).

2.2.2 The Significance of having a Family in the Child’s Life

A home signifies a family. Achilike (2017) states that marriage is the very first step

towards creating a family and with that said family members share bonds with each other,

emotionally or economically. Being migrated away from one's family is crucial to the child's

development and educational attainment. A family holds a big role in the child’s development

and growth. According to the study of Ntumi et al. (2016), reported that the parents are mainly

ones responsible for the child’s learning, preparation for them physically, psychologically,

behaviourally, attitudinally, emotionally, and motivationally. According to Pedro-Carroll (2011)

in which she indicated in her study that the parents play a significant role in the child’s life

because they are the ones who can mitigate the child’s outlook in life and if things were to

change like suddenly being in a single parent family they would not be able to take it, the reason

why the child would feel distant with the parent and would have mixed emotions such as anger,

frustrations, sadness, depression, etc. Dreby (2007) states that children being away from their

family would create tension and the child would think that they are unloved by their parents that

leads them to be rebellious and be involved in no good organizations. Being separated from your

family is something difficult to discuss but has to be done despite the circumstance, education

attainment could be a reason for a family to be fragmented. 

A child is sensitive to the way their parents treat them and they reciprocate depending on

how they are being treated. Based on a study by Steinberg et al. (1989) over-time relation

14
between 3 aspects of authoritative parenting-acceptance, psychological autonomy, and

behavioral control and school achievement was examined in order to test the hypothesis that

authoritative parenting facilitates, rather than simply accompanies, school success. Moreover, the

mediating role of youngsters' psychosocial maturity was studied. Adolescents who describe their

parents as treating them warmly, democratically, and firmly are more likely than their peers to

develop positive attitudes toward, and beliefs about, their achievement, and as a consequence,

they are more likely to do better in school. Radovanovic (1993) stated in his research that the

child's coping strategy in regards to his/her parents being separated will be important factors for

his future to come. It was hypothesized that the more effective the coping strategy it would mean

that the behavioral disturbances would be less.

2.2.3 The Effects of Divorce to a Child

A child with a fragmented family experiences a different situation compared to a child

with a complete family. Anderson (2014) analyzed that divorce has been used to decrease a

children's future expertise in all aspects of life, such as familial relationships, education,

psychological well-being, and future income power. This can weaken the child’s relationship

between his or her parents. A child may lose its family traditions, celebrations, daily routines,

decreased social and psychological maturation, cognitive and academic stimulation, and lastly,

higher risk of emotional distress. 

Age could affect their perceptions in the way of living. Based on the study of Acock and

Demo (1998) asserts that younger children tend to think of the actuality of being in a tough

situation in living in a household whose parents are separated that could endure more

15
psychological disturbances compared to older children.  They have to adjust to being used to

living with separated parents and comparing themselves with people or friends that are living

with a complete family. They encounter personal problems that could affect the child's way of

learning or to enable them to process certain domains in the field learning through education.

Children may encounter a rock-bottom situation which is part of growing up. As studied

by Landerkin and Clarke (1990), verifies that children's level of development affects their way of

thinking about being separated from their family specifically on the topic of divorce. Pre-

schoolers are having difficulties in being in contact with friends more likewise called social

relationships moreover, they tend to feel anxious in being separated from their family because

they are not used to being separated with his or her parents/parents. Separation anxiety plays a

role in childhood development which is normal regarding personal growth. In terms of school-

age children, they may react with sadness, physical complaints and intense anger towards their

parents. Adolescents may encounter difficulty in personal identity; being confused about what

will shortly of adulting, gain hatred to self or others and many more.

A child has the reason why he or she is motivated and inspired to do the school task is

because of its two parents. As identified by the study of Nusinovici et al. (2018) parental

separation is a component of why students at five years of age decreased in school performance.

Pursuing this further, parental separation could affect a child's developmental growth, Childs’

motivation, social engagement, behavior, manual dexterity, and autonomy. 

Results may vary on some occasions with Parental separation. Parental separation affects

students' perception of the view of life but seldomly on their academic performances. Based on

the gathered data of Tejada (2017), most of her respondents were unaffected towards having a

fragmented family on their academic performances because they were separated from one of

16
their parents at a young age. They set boundaries towards personal matters and academic

premises.

The most common cause why a child’s academic performance is low is because of the

problem that he or she encountered in the household. Knox (1996), indicated that more often

than not, when parents separate or divorce children often lose financial and emotional support of

their fathers, which can have a negative impact on the child’s academic performance. In many

countries, separating couples are less educated than those who do not separate (Harkonen and

Dronkers, 2006) and they also differ on many other characteristics such as levels of conflict

which may predict lower educational performance. Nevertheless, many discoveries including

parental separation can cause a negative effect on the child’s education, even though these

effects are substantially weaker than the crude associations (Erman and Harkonen, 2017). This

was confirmed by Magpantay et al. (2014) because he mentioned in his study that having a

fragmented family can also induces a lack of guidance by the parents that leads to children being

rude and have violent behaviors.

The child does not act on what it states but to what it sees then it would understand the

situation at hand. Hess and Camara (1976), their study on “Post‐Divorce Family Relationships as

Mediating Factors in the Consequences of Divorce for Children '' revealed that children are

greatly influenced by their relationship between their father and mother not with their marital

status. 

Parental Divorce will make the situation too occupied on the child’s mind other than

focusing on its own selves and studies. Widyastuti (2017) in her study revealed that a parental

divorce is a difficult childhood event. Several studies show that there are complex issues in

children from the broken-home family. Some kids from the broken-home family are found,

17
however, to be able to accomplish a massive achievement and to develop to be pessimistic. They

are capable of building strength when confronting family issues. Saikia (2017) indicated that the

basic cause and effects of having a broken family on the development of children is that a

fragmented home can destroy a child's world and frustrate it. This happens when a member of

the family starts to give up everything and leaves behind that the family's situation will start to be

broken. It is a significant social problem that should be given sufficient attention to discover the

alternative ways by which a constructive relationship could be developed within a family.

Parents being separated may affect the child in various aspects of their life. Sometimes

the consequence of their parents’ divorce shows when they reach adulthood. Amato (1999)

explained through his study that adult offspring that come from divorced parents often enter

adulthood with less money, fewer financial assets, and have poorer quality marriages which

would lead to divorce. A similar study was conducted by Kalter (1987) in which he described the

effects that divorce has on the children as “a traumatic event and its effects on children as a

crisis”.  

2.2.4 Family Fragmentation

 Family Instability is a repeated change in the family arrangement of children. Sandstrom

and Huerta (2013) expressed that family instability is likewise connected to issue practices and

some scholarly challenges even at the young age. Various changes in a family structure will

additionally increase because of a children’s conduct. In addition, they exhibit increasingly

negative perspectives when they do not have the passionate and material help at home that they

have to easily deal with a family progress.  Garfield (2009) mentioned that single parents also get

18
emotionally affected in which it influences their child in a negative way as the child will have

less supervision and discipline with a single parent compared to a child that is in a complete

family. In accordance, Nogales (2018) parental separation would expose the child to trauma and

stress, it would cause the child to have fear in life as they are afraid to be separated, this greatly

tackles the psychological health of the child to the point it could trigger distrust to their parents.

Things that happen in the household will be more likely affect the child’s behavior or

attitude on how she or he acts towards the public or to people. Strohschein, Roos & Brownell

(2009) indicates that the history of family separation such as parental divorce, single parent since

child’s birth, death of parent affects the characteristics of the child. They found support that

children with change in family history affected the child educationally and are less likely to

complete high school as for children whose remained married. Based on their study, the effect of

changes in the child’s learning development depends on the child’s age of the first transition in

terms of secondary school graduation.  The older the age of the child at the time of the first

development provides a weaker outcome of a change in family structure. Babalis et al. (2014)

mentioned that according to the National Statistical Service of Greece, single-parent families,

which emerged after divorce, in 2011 occupied an important place among other family types,

shows risks with a large number of students possibly possessing behavioral problems and poor

school performance.

A child’s view of the divorcement between its parents will be dark and sorrowful.

According to Wallace (1999) in which she discussed in her study that when a parent is missing in

a family the child considers itself to be the reason for the situation, blames itself for what’s going

on and it would affect the way the child treats others. Kelly (2000) stated in her study that in

recent studies it has been found that divorce impacts children psychologically which is their

19
mental health taking the impact. This study reveals that divorce is also a main factor as how the

child sees and concludes ideas and beliefs towards marriage and relationship. It may also affect

their adolescent years as they adjust to new ideas about marriage conflicts, and related parental

behavior. Giuliani, Lafrate, & Rosnati (1998) have discovered in their research that adolescents

that come from a fragmented family would most likely see marriage as something that should be

done in the future. Adolescents that come from separated families would show an amount of fear

towards the decision of marriage.

The mental health of a student can be sensitive especially if he or she is still minor when

the occurrence happens at that time. Based on the research from Pittelli (2019), it suggests that

parental divorce is associated with the mental health of the children, and this decrease in their

mental health is the cause of their lower graduate level education attainment. This research also

suggests that children of divorce are less likely to attain any degrees and instead show depressive

symptoms. It has been shown that the consequences of growing up in single parent households

go further than economics, increase the risk of children dropping out of school, disconnecting

from the workforce and becoming teen parents (Stephen and Udisi, 2016)

In other circumstances, children being away from their family gets determination from

them to be able to study harder. According to the conducted research of Arguillas and Williams

(2010), both parents working abroad got the lowest results being shown in the summary statistics

for the educational attainment of children 19 to 21 years old, by gender, by household structure

on the other hand, mother-absent children had the highest educational performance.

20
 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design

The researchers will scrutinize some factors from a student's perspective who lives inside

a fragmented family and how it would affect their academics. As a result, the researchers will

utilize phenomenology in order to notice and determine the point of views and experiences of

each individual on how they cope up or have been dealing with the situation especially in the

middle of having an academics to face off.

3.2 Research Respondents

Targeted-respondents are students from Grade 11 who belong to the Cebu Doctors'

University, Senior High School Department. The researchers will conduct an interview for each

respondent who is chosen from different available senior high school block sections and

distribute the questionnaire by using purposive sampling technique and survey method to obtain

required information. A number of 40 students within age range from 16 to 18 years old will be

chosen as samples to determine the result whether they come from a fragmented family or not.

3.3 Research Environment

The study will be conducted in the school year 2019-2020 at the Cebu Doctors'

University located at 1 Dr. P.V Larrazabal Jr. Avenue, North Reclamation Area, Mandaue City,

Cebu. The university offers a wide variety of medical courses such as Medicine, Nursing,

21
Medical Technology, Radiologic Technology, Dentistry, Pharmacology, Nutrition and Dietetics

and Rehabilitative Sciences. The Cebu Doctors' University, Grade 11 Senior High School

Department has around thirteen block sections including HUMSS that contain a mix of female

and male students. Research data collection, overview, and evaluation will be done within the

campus premises.

3.4 Research Instruments (Unfinished)

The researchers will be using questionnaires to gather the needed data for this study and

there will be students from Grade 11 selected to be interviewed regarding their experience/s and

thoughts about the academic effects a fragmented family can cause. The questionnaire will be

divided into three parts, starting with a given demographical data (Onifade, n.d.), Part A:

Possible Effects of Family Fragmentation, and lastly, Part B: Effects of Having a Fragmented

Family on Students. The questionnaires will consist of items that determines the lived

experiences of those adolescent senior high school students, the results and consequences of

having a fragmented family.

3.5 Data Gathering Procedure

During the data gathering process, the researchers will articulate questions that would be

related or based on the given subject. The researchers will be selecting ten respondents from each

of the four chosen block sections to participate in the interview or questionnaire sessions for this

study. With the totality of forty selected students, who may or may not come from a fragmented

family, twenty of which will be chosen for an interview with the researchers. Each of the

22
respondent’s answers will be recorded through a voice recorder. Moreover, the majority of

obtained comments will be used to explain the study factor.

3.6 Data Analysis Procedure

In the study, in order to determine the collected data from the selected Grade 11 students,

the researchers will use qualitative data analysis to analyze the opinions of each students by

grouping, organizing, interpreting the data of the survey questionnaires and individual interviews

and look for the similarities and differences of the answers that is also based from the category

and frequency. Afterwards, the majority of results of understanding towards how fragmented

family can affect a student’s academics will be put forward to explanation and is also the

perspective of an individual regardless of the circumstances that occurred. All the data will be

based on the answers of all the respondents that will participate in the researchers’ survey.

3.7 Ethical Considerations

There are ethical standards that we should be mindful of in conducting this research. In

conducting this research, we must not harm any participants to conduct gathered answers.

Participants should know that researchers will be obtaining concerned consent to participants that

will be part of the research and there will be certain questions that will be asked through

questionnaires and in some cases, personal interviews. Researchers will be protecting the

anonymity and confidentiality of involved participants must protect the personal information of

participants involved in the research. Researchers will be providing the right to withdraw, if

23
participants have second thoughts or do not feel comfortable with their answers, they have the

right to withdraw from this research.

24
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Acock, A., & Demo, D. (1988). The impact of divorce on children. Journal of Marriage and the

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Amato, P. (1999). Children of divorced parents as young adults. In E. M. Hetherington (Ed.),

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APPENDICES

I. Transmittal Letter

March 06, 2020

Atty. Roel S. Hortelano

Principal, Senior High School
Cebu Doctors’ University
North Reclamation Area, Mandaue City, 6000

Dear Atty. Hortelano:

Greetings!
We, the Grade 11 students of section block H would like to seek approval to conduct a
phenomenological research study entitled “How Fragmented Families can affect the academics among
CDU-SHS students”.
The main purpose of our study is to scrutinize some factors from a student's perspective who lives
inside a fragmented family and how it would affect their academics and to determine the experiences of
an individual on how they cope up with the circumstances. Additionally, we would like to know the
opinion of those students who are not affected with broken family on how it affects one's life and to the
academic performance. This project is in line with our Research 1 for the second semester school year
2019-2020.
We look forward to your kind and positive response.
Thank you very much.

Respectfully yours,

Star D. Isagan
STEM 11 – H

Noted by: Approved by:

Charissa Ibona Atty. Roel S. Hortelano

Research Teacher Principal

32
 II. Research Budget
Materials Price
Questionnaire:
40 copies x 5 pages = 200 pages ₱ 2.00/page
Snacks:
Juice (5 boxes) ₱
Snacks:
Biscuits (5 packs) ₱
Total ₱ 400.00

33
 III. Research Timetable
January February March April

Research Activities 2020 2020 2020 2020

Orientation,

Presentation of Title Proposals

Start of making Chapter One

Formulating questions for Statement of the

Problem.
Finalizing Chapter One,

Start of research for RRL and RRS.

Making of Chapter Two.
Continue of research for RRL and RRS,

Start of making Chapter Three.

Construction of Research Instrument,

Questionnaire.
Revising of Chapter 2, RRL and RRS,

Reference List, and Table of Contents.

Finalizing Chapters 1, 2 and 3.
Completion of Chapters 1, 2 and 3

34