MAHARASHTRA STATE

BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, NANDED

Capston project on
GENEVA MECHANISM

Academic year: 2019- 20

Program: MECHANICHANICAL Program code:ME 6ISS

ENGG.
Course: CPP

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE
BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Certificate
This is to certify that Ms.Kawale Nikita ,Swami Rani ,Hatkar
Pratima ,Tikhe Chhaya of sixth Semester of Diploma in
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING of Institute, GOVERNMENT
POLYTECHNIC has completed the capston project REPORT in
cource : cpp for the academic year 2019-2020 as prescribed in the
curriculum.

Place: NANDED
Date:

Menter Head of department Principal

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AN CAPSTON PROJECT PLANNING REPORT
Done By

2601) Kawale nikita

2602) Swami Rani
2603) Hatkar pratima
2643) Tikhe chhaya

Submitted To
Department of Mechanical Engineering
GOVERMENT POLYTECHNIC, NANDED
MENTOR NAME :A. H. Kadam sir
Lecturer in mech. Dept.

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 Abstract
This Capston Project Planning report presents the experience generated
during my Capston Project undertaken at Government Polytechnic Nanded.
Our capston project title is GENEVA MECHANISM ; in which we find the
various applications of GENEVA MECHANISM . We prepare a plan for final
semester project in which we design the model size and select material for it.

 In this project we are using the geneva conveyour for material handling in
industries it consist of motor rollers,belt and geneva mechanism two rollers are
mounted according to the required distance the belt is mounted on the rollers on
which the material are placed the roller shaft is coupled with the geneva drive
the geneva drive is coupled with the motor shaft hence when power is supply to
the motor rollers rotate with the certain time deley according to the and the belt
moves along the rollers thus material is carried out withe help of the geneva
drive the time deley can be achieved which avoid the use of stepper motor thus
reduces the cost motor.

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 Acknowledgement

The capston project planning subject gives a opportunity; we had

with government polytechnic nanded, was a great chance for learning and
professional development. I am also greatful to MSBTE for having a chance to
learn the professional knowledge..

Also; thanks to the our Guide Mr. A.H.KADAM SIR who guide us at
a time in the project and also thanks to the Head Of Department of mechanical
second shift DR. CHAUDHARY SIR.we also thanks to the sonsvane sir of
carpentry section of workshop department for helping us in the project.

We take this opportunity to express gratitude to all the faculty, members and
students that helped us throughout the different stages of our curriculum, support
and attention. And the all staff of government polytechnic nanded. who teaches
and give the information about project and its report.

Content
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Sr no. Title Page no

1 Introduction to the project 7-12

2 Project fabrication 13-15

3 Testing of the project 16

4 Letrecture survey and problem 17

identification

5 References 19

INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT

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 Our capston project is GENEVA MECHANISM The Geneva
Mechanism or Maltese cross is a gear mechanism that translates a continuous
rotation movement into intermittent rotary motion. The rotating drive wheel is
usually equipped with a pin that reaches into a slot located in the other wheel
( driven wheel ) that advances it by one step at a time The name, Geneva drive,
is derived from the device's earliest application in mechanical watches, which
were popularized in Geneva, being the classical origin of watch making
industry.
The Geneva drive is also called a "Maltese cross mechanism" due to the visual
resemblance when the rotating wheel has four spokes, since they can be made
small, and are able to withstand substantial mechanical stress. These
mechanisms are frequently used in mechanical watches.
In the most common arrangement of the Geneva drive, the client wheel has four
slots and thus advances the drive by one step at a time (each step being
90 degrees) for each full rotation of the master wheel. If the steered wheel
has n slots, it advances by 360°/n per full rotation of the propeller wheel.

Because the mechanism needs to be well lubricated, it is often enclosed in an oil

capsule.
One application of the Geneva drive is in film movie projectors and movie
cameras, where the film is pulled through an exposure gate with periodic starts
and stops. The film advances frame by frame, each frame standing still in front
of the lens for a portion of the frame cycle (typically at a rate of 24 cycles per
second), and rapidly accelerating, advancing, and decelerating during the rest of
the cycle. This intermittent motion is implemented by a Geneva drive, which in

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turn actuates a claw that engages sprocket holes in the film. The Geneva drive
also provides a precisely repeatable stopped position, which is critical to
minimizing jitter in the successive images. (Modern film projectors may also
use an electronically controlled indexing mechanism or stepper motor, which
allows for fast-forwarding the film.) The first uses of the Geneva drive in film
projectors go back to 1896 to the projectors of Oskar Messter and Max Gliewe
and the Teatrograph of Robert William Paul. Previous projectors,
including Thomas Armat's projector, marketed by Edison as the Vitascope, had
used a "beater mechanism", invented by Georges Demenÿ in 1893, to achieve
intermittent film transport.
Geneva wheels having the form of the driven wheel were also used in
mechanical watches, but not in a drive, rather to limit the tension of the spring,
such that it would operate only in the range where its elastic force is nearly
linear. If one of the slots of the driven wheel is occluded, the number of
rotations the drive wheel can make is limited. In watches, the "drive" wheel is
the one that winds up the spring, and the Geneva wheel with four or five spokes
and one closed slot prevents overwinding (and also complete unwinding) of the
spring. This so-called Geneva stop or "Geneva stop work" was the invention of
17th or 18th century watchmakers.
Other applications of the Geneva drive include the pen change mechanism
in plotters, automated sampling devices, banknote counting machines, and many
forms of indexable equipment used in manufacturing (such as the tool changers
in CNC machines; the turrets of turret lathes, screw machines, and turret drills;
some kinds of indexing heads and rotary tables; and so on). The Iron Ring
Clock uses a Geneva mechanism to provide intermittent motion to one of its
rings.
A Geneva drive was used to change filters in the Dawn mission framing camera
used to image the asteroid 4 Vesta in 2011. It was selected to ensure that should
the mechanism fail at least one filter would be usable
It drives the Geneva wheel as it slides into and out of the slot of the Geneva
wheel.
It thus advances it - one step at a time when engaged
The driver wheel usually and
construction, it is therefore a relatively low cost indexing device
Geneva mechanism must have at least three slots for any
intermittent motion to be achieved . It represents a form of intermittent gearing
where the driver wheel has a pin that reaches
into a slot of the driven wheel and thereby advances it by one step at a time. A
conventional Geneva mechanism generated
intermittent motion differs from that of the cam mechanism in that; for each of
its stops there is a corresponding and particular

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motion period and a motion law, unlike the cam mechanisms where there is a
free choice of motion period and motion law
Numerous areas of application of these mechanisms has been highlighted by
Akpaidu and Dahunsi, Hseih, Figliolini et al.,
and Zhang et al. These application areas include mechanical wound-up
watches, timing instruments, precision
measurement equipment, film projectors, machine tools, discrete motion drives
with high load capacity applications in robotic
manipulators, printing and machinery presses, automated packaging, weaving
looms, and transfer lines .
The greatest motivation for industrial use of Geneva mechanism is its simplicity
and inexpensive design and construction.
This however limits its operations to low speed machinery applications because
of problems like high impact force and jerking
motion at the point of engagement and disengagement of the crank pin, shock
loading, vibration and wear .
These performance challenges have been confronted by selecting appropriate
displacement programmes such that zero displacement

 .Wheel and Specifications

The geometry of the Geneva wheel. In this study, three
main (i.e., crank angle, angular velocity, and acceleration) are most essential
when specifying particular geometry in the design of Geneva mechanism .
The crank pin, P always engage the slots on the Geneva wheels tangentially
such that the center line of the slot and the line

connecting the crank pin form a right angle with the crank’s rotation center
when the crankpin enters or leaves the slot
The crank (driven) wheel has n number of slots, and made to advance by 360°/n
for each full rotation of the crank wheel.
The other variables are: Geneva wheel diameter, D; crank or drive pin diameter,
d, and the locking radius, r. It is also usually
convenient to use both pin diameter, d and the tip thickness, t of the wheel as
the ratio of the wheel diameter, D to give what
can be described as normalized variables. Other geometrical dimensions are
available the detail design drawings.
For any set of n - slots wheel, the normalized pin diameter d’ and tip thickness
t’ can be considered constant or, any given d’
and t’ can be used to define a proportional set of Geneva wheels [7, 12]. Also,
the thickness of the Geneva wheel cannot be
considered as an independent parameter, but was taken to be equal to the pin
diameter. This particular assumption was made to ensure that the drive pin load
across the thickness of the wheel is approximately uniform. If the pin diameter
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was made small with respect to the Geneva wheel thickness, then the loading
will be concentrated near the fixed end of the beam and will not be uniformly
distributed across the face of the wheel which will make the kinematics analysis
unrealizable .
For further analysis, the path followed by the crank pin was traced out and used
to outline the triangle PGD Since the Geneva wheel under consideration in
this work is the four external straight slot wheel, triangle PGD is an
isosceles right angled triangle such that:

Equation (1) provides a relationship between the angle θ and α, this relationship
is valid within
Outside along angle, there is no physical contact between the wheel and the
Geneva wheel undergoes a dwell period while the crank wheel
completes its revolution and positions the pin to engage the next slot.
Similarly, by taking the first and second differential derivatives of both sides,
velocity and acceleration relationships for
both wheels could be derive.
where αG represents the angular acceleration of the Geneva wheel, ωG and ωC
represents the angular velocity of the Geneva
and crank wheels respectively. θ and φ represents the angular displacements of
the crank and Geneva wheels respectively.
B. Conceptual and Detail Design Drawings
. Provision was made for transparent perspex or glass cover to enable viewing
while keeping dust away.

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Construction and working of geneva mechanism

The Geneva drive or Maltese cross is a gear mechanism that translates

a continuous rotation into an intermittent rotary motion. The rotating
drive wheel has a pin that reaches into a slot of the driven wheel
advancing it by one step. The drive wheel also has a raised circular
blocking disc that locks the driven wheel in position between steps.
Because the mechanism needs to be well lubricated, it is often
enclosed in an oil capsule.

 ADVANTAGES OF GENEVA MECHANISM

i. Geneva mechanism may be the simplest and least Expensive of all

intermittent motion mechanisms.
ii. They come in a wide variety of sizes, ranging from those used in instruments,
to those used in machine tools to index spindle carriers weighing several tons.
iii. They have good motion curves characteristics compared to ratchets, but
exhibit more “jerk” or instantaneous change in acceleration, than better cam
systems
iv. Geneva maintains good control of its load at all Times, since it is provided
with locking ring surfaces.

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  DISADVANTAGES OF GENEVA MECHANISM

i. The Geneva is not a versatile mechanism.

ii. The ratio of dwell period to motion is also established Once the no of dwells
per revolution has been selected.
iii. All Geneva acceleration curves start and end With finite ac-celeration &
deceleration.
iv. This means they produce jerk.
 APPLICATIONS & USES

 Mini conveyor
 STEPPER
 MECHANICAL WATCHES
 PLOTTERS
 CNC MACHINE
 IRON RING CLOCK
 Modern film projectors may also use an electronically controlled
indexing mechanism or stepper motor, which allows for fast-forwarding
the film.
 Geneva wheels having the form of the driven wheel were also used in
mechanical watches, but not in a drive, rather to limit the tension of the
spring, such that it would operate only in the range where its elastic force
is nearly linear.
 Geneva drive include the pen change mechanism in plotters, automated
sampling devices
 Indexing tables in assembly lines, tool changers for CNC machines, and
so on.
 The Iron Ring Clock uses a Geneva mechanism to provide intermittent
motion to one of its rings.

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 PROJECT FABRICATION
 Step 1: Start From a Triangle

 A Geneva drive has 3 main components - Geneva wheel, drive wheel, and
drive pin. The triangle is the linkage of the 3 parts.
 I gonna design a Geneva wheel with the wheel diameter 1" and 5 slots.
 You can always start with a right triangle with the right angle on the top.
 the left angle =180º / the quantity of slots, for example, if I want to make
5 slots,
 The angle = 180º/5 = 36º
 Don't worry, this is all the math we need in this design.

 Step 2: Diameters of the Geneva Wheel and the Drive Wheel

On the right triangle, draw 2 circles centered at the 2 vertexes of sharp angles
that tangent to both legs.

The circle centered at the 36º angle is the diameter of the Geneva wheel, and the
other is the radius of the drive pin crank.

Draw another circle centered at the vertex of the 36º angle and tangent to the
right circle. The tangent point is the maximum depth (how close to the center
the slots need to be) of each slot.

 Step 3: Locate the Slots and Drive Pin

Decide the drive pin dimeter.

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I use 3/16" (0.1875 in") wood dowel as the drive pin, so it's safe to use 0.2" in
the slots design for some clearance.

Draw 2 circles centered at both Intersections of the left leg and the left 2 circles.
The one closer to the center is the end of the slot, and the farther one is the
where the drive pin should be.

Draw a center to center slot.

 Step 4: The Drive Wheel

Draw a line tangent to the left side of drive pin and perpendicular to the linkage
of the 2 big circles (the cathetus of the triangle, ) then draw a circle centered at
the right vertex and tangent to the line. This circle minus the intersection area
with the Geneva wheel is the the drive wheel.

Use offset tool to make a little clearance to the drive wheel.

 Step 5: Finish the Geneva Wheel

select the slot and the unwanted arc of the drive wheel, use circular pattern tool
to copy 5 at the left vertex.

Till now all the tricky parts are done.

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  Step 6: Make the Drive Crank

On the interaction of drive pin radius and cathetus, draw another circle same
diameter as the drive pin.

To connect the pin the the drive wheel, you can make a bigger wheel that
concentric to the drive wheel, or simply connect them with a crank. Anyway the
left end of the crank shouldn't be too close to the left vertex (unless you don't
want to make it in the real world.)

 Step 7: The Linkage

The linkage is used to connect the shafts of the 2 wheels.

Before drawing the linkage, you need to decide what to use as the shaft. In this
design I will use 3/16 as well.

draw 2 circles at both center, this time the circles should be slightly smaller than
3/16 to hold all pieces together.Draw a center to center slot as the linkage.
Actually you can draw any shape as long as you have the 2 centers.

Clean up the construction lines and the design is finished.

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  Testing of the project

After completation of the model of mini conveyour by using geneva

mechanism we test it. when we start the power supply to the driving wheel it
completes the 1 rotation of 360 degree and the driven wheel rotate up to 30
degree within 8-9 second .
We give the electric power supply to the driving wheel by using a motor which
drives the driven wheel.

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LITERATURE SURVEY AND PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION:-

we studied the information about Geneva mechanism and collect

information about it.then we select the material for it and start the
procedure.we prepare a model in our workshop under the guidance of the
A.H.Kadam sir and Sonavane sir . it was very difficult task for us to cut the
all parts of the model by own but by the guidance it becomes very easy for
us .collections of the parts from the market its new for us then all parts are
ready. After this we assemble all the parts as per requirement and we are
successful in it . For the information about this we used the different types
of books and websites these are as follows:-
1.Theory of machine by R.S.kurmi
2.Theory of machine by J.K.Gupta
3.Theory of machine by S.S.Ratan
4.Theory of machine by H.G.Wells
5.Theory of machine by S.C.Sharma
6.Theory of machine by jagdisha T.
7.Theory of machine by D.R.Malhotra
8.Theory of machine by N.K.Malhotra

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PROPOSED METHODOLOGY OF SOLVING IDENTIFIED PROBLEM

Action Objectives Responsible

Selection of title Co-ordination and All group members and
sharing the ideas mentor
Collect information To know about the All group members
about project geneva mechanism
Prepare a report of the All information about All group member
project geneva mechanism in
detail
Prepare a model of the Understand the All group members
project working of geneva
mechanism in practical

we select the material for it and start the procedure.we prepare a model in our
workshop under the guidance of the A.H.Kadam sir and Sonavane sir . it was
very difficult task for us to cut the all parts of the model by own but by the
guidance it becomes very easy for us .collections of the parts from the market
its new for us then all parts are ready. After this we assemble all the parts as per
requirement and we are successful in it .
after this we colour the model as suitable .which is below.we required 2000
rupees amount to do this model. It was very intresting and new for us to do
something as a practical and it is very applicable in industry which reduces the
efforts of the labour .

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Mini conveyor by using the geneva mechanism

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References

1)Design a micro machined geneva wheel as machine to obtain intermittent

from constantly rotating source by R.S.Kurmi

2) we used the book of theory of machine to the Geneva mechanism .

3) We use the different types of websites for model.

4) we prepare a model in the workshop .

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