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 iai i ai iai iai iai aslaila
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a
d saaslal d a
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d a
d saaslal d a
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l
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa P a
P a

iai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aa
d saaslal
PaPda
ads
a
PaPda
adsa TN XII-STD BIO-BOTANY
PaPda
adsa
PaPda
adsa
PaPda
adsa
PaPda
ads
a
PaPda
adsa a
PP d
a adsaas
l

iai iai Prepared iBy

saaslal saaslal a lailai a lailai aslala
i
saasla
ilai iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal l
ad d a
d d a
d s
a s d a
d s
a s
DURAIMURUGAN d a
d saEASAN M.Sc.,
d a
d B.Ed. d a
d d a
d adsaas
a P aPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
POST GRADUATE TEACHER
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
iai aslaila
i
aslaila
i i i
as ilaeduraimurugan93@gmail.com
E-mail: aslaila aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal adsa adsa a
dsa l a
a
d s
a adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda6381086550PaPda
Mobile: PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
GOPALAKRISHNAN RAMAN M.Sc., B.Ed.
iai iai i ai POST
ilai GRADUATE TEACHER
i iai i ai iai
saaslal saaslal saaslal a laDEPARTMENT a lailaZOOOGY saaslal saaslal saaslal l
ad dad d a
d d a
dsa s d a
d s
a s
OF d a
d d a
d d a
d adsaas
a P aPa P aPa PaPaE-mail: gramakrishna1795@gmail.com
PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
Mobile: 9025607324
i ai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal a
d s
a adsa adsa adsa ads
a adsa a
d s
a adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a

UNIT VI – REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS

iai iai ilai iai iai iai iai iai
a
d saaslal dadsaaslal d a
d a
sasl a
d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
dsaaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa PaPa CHAPTER PaP1a- Asexual P aPa Sexual Reproduction
and PaPa aPa
inPPlants PaPa PaPda

iai i
aslailaQuestions:- aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal Short
a
d sa a
d sa ads a adsa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda1. What is P aPda reproduction?
asexual PaPda 2 PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
2. Define - Clones 2
iai 3. Reproductive propagules or diaspores 2
saaslal a lailai a lailai a lailai ai
aslaildeveloped ilai
aslavegetative iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal l
s s s s s s saare saby adsaas

Padasalai
ad d a
4.
d a Write the d a
names
d a of plants d a
ind a
which the a
roots
d d d ad d areproduction.
d d a
2d
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
5. Which is called as Terror of Bengal? Why?
6. Write the names of plants in which the stem developed by vegetative reproduction. 4
iai lailai the names i
aslaofilaplants inadswhich
i
aslaila the leaves lailai lailai aslaila
i i i
adsaaslal 7.
a
d saaWrite
s adsa a adsaasdeveloped by
adsaavegetative
s reproduction.
adsa 4 adsaaslala adsaas
l
a PaPda8. What arePepiphyllous
aPda PaPda 4
buds? PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
9. Advantages of natural Vegetative Reproduction 4
iai iai
10.aslDisadvantages i
ofianatural Vegetativeiai Reproduction iai 4 iai iai iai
adsaaslal d a
d sa al d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa11. What are a conventional
PaPthe PaPa methods ofPavegetative
Pa PaPa
reproduction? 4 PaPa PaPa PaPda
12. Define the grafting method of vegetative reproduction. 4
iai 13. Write
ailai the advantages i and Disadvantages i of Conventional
i methods. i 6 i i
a
dsaaslal a s
14.
d aaslWhat is a saaslaila 6
totipotent?
d ads aaslaila adsaaslaila adsaaslaila adsaaslaila adsaaslaila adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
15. Micropropagation 6
16. Define - Sexual Reproduction 7
iai ailai the whorls iai iai iai iai iai iai
adsaaslal d dsaaslWrite
17.
a d adsaaslalof flower. d ads7aaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa18. ExplainP–aPMicrosporogenesis
a PaPa 7 PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
19. What is pollinium? 8
iai ailai are theslayers
20.aslWhat i
aslaila presentadsin ailaimatured santher
aslthe
i
aslaila wall? 8adsaaslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal adsa ad a a ad a adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda21. Define P- aStomium
Pda 9 PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
22. What is Tapetum? Write its types. 9
iai 23. Write the functions of tapetum.ail9ai
saaslal a lailai a lailai saasl
iai
saaslal
i ai
saaslal
iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal l
ad d ads
24.a s a
Cryopreservation
d dsa s – 10 d ad d a
d d ad d ad d ad adsaas
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
25. What is Bee pollen? Write its applications. 10
26. Mellitopalynology 10
iai ailai some allergic i
aslaila reactions lailai by pollen aslaila
i i i aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal 27.
adsaaslWrite adsa ads aascaused a
d sa grains. 10adsaaslala adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda28. Define P–aPTenuinucellate
da da
PaPand PaPda 12
Crassinucellate PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
29. What are the types of ovules? 12
iai iai is pollination?
30.aslWhat iai Explainaits ai
itypes. 14 aslailai i ai iai iai
adsaaslal d adsa al d adsaaslal d adsaslal d a
d sa d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda

iai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal adsa adsa adsa ads
a adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
Send Your Questions and Answers to Our Email Id - padasalai.net@gmail.com
lailai lailai lailai lailai lailai lailai lailai lailai l
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a
d saaslal d a
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d saaslal d a
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d sawww.TrbTnpsc.com
d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d adsaas
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a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa P a
P a

iai ailai the difference i

aslaila between lailai ilai cleistogamours? i
aslaila 14 adsaaslaila
i
aslaila
i
a
d saaslal 31.
a
ds aaslWrite a
d s
a adsaaschasmogamous a
d saaslaand a
d s
a adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda32. Xenogamy PaPda– 15 PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
33. Define - Monoecious and Dioecious 15
iai ailai are thesbiotic
34. lWhat
aslaila
i and abioticlaagents
iai aslaila
of pollination? i 16
aslaila
i iai iai
adsaaslal d a
d saasWrite d a
d a d adsaas l d a
d saself d a
dspollination
a d adsaaslal d a
dsaaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa 35. the
PaPaadvantages and
PaPadisadvantages PaPaof and cross
PaPa 20
PaPa PaPa PaPda
36. Significance of pollination 20
iai 37. Write the stages involved in double fertilization. 20
saaslal a l ailai a l ailai a l ailai a l ailai i
aslaila18 aslaila
i
aslaila
i l
ad a
d s
38.a s What are the
adsa s
characteristic adsa s
features of ads a s
ornithophilous ads
flowers?
a adsa adsa adsaas
a PaPda39. Define Ppollen
aPda PaPda
– pistil interaction.
ada
21 P P PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
40. Write the types of style. 21
iai ailai is double ilai i i iai iai i ai iai
adsaaslal d d saaslWhat
41.
a d adsaaslafertilization?
d a
d slala
saa22 d a
d saaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa42. Write the a
PaPtypes PaPa seen inPangiosperms.
of endosperm aPa PaPamention their
And PaPafunctions. 24 PaPa PaPda
43. Difference between amphimixis and apomixes. 27
i ai asaila
44. lWhat i is polyembryony?
aslaila
i
as ila
Writelathe i catagories.la28
as ila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal a
d sa adsa a
d sa a
d sa adsa adsa a
d sa adsaas
l
a PaPda45. What isPparthenocarpy?
aPda da are thePtypes?
PaPWhat aPda 28 PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
46. List the significance of parthenocarpy. 28
iai 47. What is melitophily?
saaslal a ailai
lWhat saaslal
i ai iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal l
a
d d a
d s
48.a s is pollenkit?
d ad d a
d d a
d d a
d d a
d d a
d adsaas
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
Draw and label the parts:-
iai lailai of flowersaa7slailai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal 1.saaParts
a
d s a
d a
d sa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda2. T.S of MaturePaPda Anther 9PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
3. Structure of an ovule 12
iai i i
4. Structure
aslaila
of Embryo i Sac 14 lailai iai iai iai iai
saaslal slala
saaMonocot sdicot saas saaslal saaslal saaslal saaslal adsaas
l

Padasalai
ad d a
d d a
d a d a
d d a
d d a
d d a
d d a
d
a PaPa 5. and
PaPa seed 26
PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
6. Embryo sac of Ulmus glabra 28
iai ailai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal s
Big
a
d aaslQuestions:- adsa a
d sa a
d sa a
d sa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda1. Explain P aPda
the common methods PaPda of conventional
PaPda propagation. PaPda 4 PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
2. Give the advantages and disadvantages of modern method of propagation. 6
iai i i i ai iai of maleagametophyte.
iai aslaila
i iai iai
adsaaslal d d slala
3.saaDescribe
a d d saaslal of development
the process
a d a
d saaslal d a
d saslal d a
d sa11 d adsaaslal d a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa4. Explain P aPatypes of ovules.
the PaPa 12 PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
5. Let us brief about the process of monoscorpic embryo sac development. 13
iai aslaila
6. Briefly i explain the
aslaila
i
types
aslaila
of pollination i
asaila
i
and its ldifferent agents. 15i
aslaila aslaila
i
aslaila
i
a
dsaaslal a
d sa a
d sa a
d sa a
d sa a
d sa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda7. DescribePthe aPda structure of da and monocot
dicot
PaP PaPda seed. 26 PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
8. Explain the events of fertilization. 21
iai 9. Write as essay on iparthanocarpic fruits. 28
saaslal a ailai
lExplain a lalaofi
a ila
la27 i iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal l
ad d a
d s
10.a s the
d a
d s s
types
a d d s
apomixes.
a a s d a
d d a
d d a
d d a
d adsaas
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
UNIT VII – GENETICS
iai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
asaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal adsa adsa adsa l
a
d s
a adsa adsa a
dsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda PaPdaCHAPTERP2aPd-aClassical Genetics
PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a

iai Short i
i Questions:- iai iai iai i ai iai iai
a saaslal a slala
saaDefine a saaslal33 a saaslal a saaslal a saaslal a saaslal a saaslal adsaas
l
a d d
PaPa
d
1. – d d
Genetics
PaPa d
PaPa
d d
PaPa
d d
PaPa
d d
PaPa
d d
PaPa
d
PaPda
2. What is heredity? 34
iai 3. What are the typesi of variation? 34
saaslal a lailai a l alai i
aslaila34 aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i l
ad 4.
a
d sa s
State the ads
importance
a s of a
d s
variation.
a adsa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
a PaPda5. Give thePreasons
aPda PaPda success.P35
for Mendel’s
aPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
6. Why Mendel selected pea plant for his experiment? 35
iai i i iai chose aby iai i i i ai 36saaslailai iai
adsaaslal d d slala are the
7.saaWhat
a d a
dsaaslal
characters
d a
d saslalMendeldfor
a
d slalapea plant
saahis d adsaaslal
experiment?
d ad d a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa8. Define - PtheaPaalleles 37 PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda

iai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal adsa adsa adsa ads
a adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
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lailai lailai lailai lailai lailai lailai lailai lailai l
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d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d sawww.TrbTnpsc.com
d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d adsaas
l
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa P a
P a

iai lailai i
aslaila homozygous aslaila
i heterozygous i
aslaila 37 adsaaslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
a
d saaslal 9.saaDifference
a
d s between
a
d sa a
d sa and
adsa ads
a adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda10. Give the PaP da of Dominance
Law PaPda 37 PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
11. Give the Law of Segregation 37
iai ailai
12. lDifferences
aslaila
between i genotypelaand iai phenotype iai
37 iai iai iai
adsaaslal d a
d saasWrite d a
d sanote d a
d saas lcross – d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d a
d saaslal d a
dsaaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa 13. a short
PaPa on reciprocal
PaPa 37
PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
14. What is Empirical law? 38
iai 15. Define - Test Cross 38
saaslal a l ailai a l ailai ilai
aslathe aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i l
ad a
d s
16.a sWhat is backadsa s
Cross? What a
d s
are
a types? 39
adsa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
a PaPda17. Dihybrid da
PaPCross 40 P P
ada PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
18. Law of independent Assortment 40
iai ailai - Trihybrid i ai iai iai iai i ai iai
adsaaslal d d saaslDefine
19.
a d a
d saaslal Cross d42 a
d saaslal d adsaaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa20. What isPgene aPa interaction? PaPa42 PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
21. Explain codominance with suitable examples. 44
i ai asaila
22. lWhat i is intragenic
aslaila
iintraction? lGive
asaila
i some examples
aslaila
i for intragenic
aslaila
i intraction.la43
as ila
i
aslaila
i
a saaslal a sa a sa a sa a sa a sa a sa a s
a adsaas
l
PaPda – 44
d d d d d d d d
a PaPda23. Lethal gene PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
24. Pleiotropy 45
iai 25. Difference between epistatic & hypostatiz 45 i i
saaslal a ailai
lWhat a lailaiinheritance? a ilai
la46 aslala iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal l
a
d d a
d s
26.a s is d d s
polygenic
a a s d adsa s d adsa d a
d d a
d d a
d adsaas
a PaPa27. What isPatavism? aPa
49 P P
aa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
28. Give the name of the scientists who rediscovered the mendelism? 37
iai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal a
d sa a
d sa adsa adsa a
d sa a
d sa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPdaBig Questions:- PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
1. Difference between discontinuous and continuous variation. 34
iai i i explainathe
2. Briefly i
lailamonohybrid iai 37
cross. iai iai iai iai
saaslal slala
saaBriefly sasthe saaslal 40 dadsaaslal saaslal saaslal saaslal adsaas
l

Padasalai
ad d a
d d a
d d ad dad d a
d d a
d
a PaPa 3. explain
PaPa dihybrid
PaPa Cross. PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
4. Briefly explain incomplete dominance with suitable experiments. 43
iai 5. Give a brief account on lethal gene. 44
saaslal a l ailai a l ailai a l ailai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i l
ad 6.
a
d sa s
Detail on ads
dominant
a s epistasis.adsa s
45 a
d sa ads a ads a adsa adsaas
a PaPda7. Explain P aPda
the PaPda
polygenic inheritance.
ada
46 P P PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
8. Give a brief explains on extra chromosomal inheritance. 48
iai iai i ai iai iai iai iai iai
adsaaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal dadsaaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
CHAPTER 3 - Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
iai aslaila
Short i
Questions:- aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
asaaslal a sa a sa a sa a sa a sa a sa a sa adsaas
l
PaPda1. Define –PChromosomes.
d d aPda d Pda d d d d d
a Pa53 PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
2. State the chromosomal theory of inheritance. 53
iai 3. What is sex linkage? 54
saaslal a lailai are the salient
a lailaifeatures sof asla ilai lailai of inheritance?
saastheory
iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal l
ad d 4.
a
d sa s
What d adsa s d ad a chromosomald a
d d ad 54 d ad d ad adsaas
a PaPa5. ComparePthe aPa
MendelianPfactors
aPa PaPa
with chromosomes PaPa 55
behavior. PaPa PaPa PaPda
6. What is fossil gene? 55
iai lailai - Linkage ilai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal 7.saaDefine
a
d s adsaasla56 adsa a
d sa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda8. Write thePadifference
Pda PaPda linked gene
between PaPdaand unlinked PaPda
genes. 56 PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
9. Differentiate it - coupling (or) Cis configuration and repulsion (or) Trans configuration 56
iai ailai the difference
10. lWrite iai betweenacomplete iai linkage i incompleteialinkage.
iaand i 57 lailai iai
adsaaslal d a
d saasWhat d adsaaslal Groups?dad saslalsome examples.
d a
d saaslal 58 dadsaaslal d adsaas d adsaaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa 11. are
PaPalinkage PaPa Give PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
12. How linkage differs from crossing over? 58
iai 13. Define - Crossingi over 59
saaslal a lailai a l alai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i l
ad a
d s
14.a sWrite the ads
stages
a s involved in
adscrossing
a over. a
d s59
a adsa adsa adsa adsaas
a PaPda15. Chiasmata PaPda59 PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
16. Terminalisation 60
iai ailai are thestypes i
aslaila of crossing ilai 60 iai i ai iai iai
adsaaslal d d saaslWhat
17.
a d ada d adsaaslaover? d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa18. Write the a
PaPimportance a
PaPcossing
of aPa
over.P60 PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda

iai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal adsa adsa adsa ads
a adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
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lailai lailai lailai lailai lailai lailai lailai lailai l
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a
d saaslal d a
dsaaslal d d saaslal
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a d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d sawww.TrbTnpsc.com
d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d adsaas
l
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa P a
P a

iai ailai ilai aslaila

i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
a
d saaslal 19.
a
ds aaslRecombination adsaasla60 adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda20. What isPrecombination
aPda aPda
Pfrequency? PaPdathe formula.
Write da
PaP61 PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
21. Define - Genetic mapping. 62
iai ailai of genetic
22. lUses ilai
mapping 64 lailai iai iai iai iai
adsaaslal d a
d saasMultiple d adsaasla64 d adsaas d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa 23. alleles
PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
24. Characteristics of multiple alleles 64
iai 25. Define - self sterility 64
saaslal a l ailai a l ailai ai
aslailon aslaila
i i
aslaila Give anadexample
i
aslaila 65 adsaaslaila
i l
ad a
d s
26.a s Does adsa s
environmental play aads
role
a sex ads
determination
a in s
plants?
ad a sa adsaas
a PaPda27. What isPmutation?
aPda PaPdare
What
a
the typesPof
aPda
mutation? 68 PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
28. What are the mutagens? Write their types. 67
iai ailai mutation ailai its typess68aslaila
i iai iai i ai iai
adsaaslal d d saaslPoint
29.
a d adsaasland d a
d a d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa30. Write the a
PaPmutant PaPaof wheat and
varieties a
PaPcaster with the a
PaPmutagens. PaPa
69 PaPa PaPda
31. What are comutagens? Give some examples. 69
i ai 32. lDefinei – Chromosomal i i or abberations i 69 i i i
asaila aslaila
mutations
adsaaslal a
d sa adsa a
d s
aaslaila adsaaslaila adsaaslaila adsaaslaila a
d s
a aslaila adsaas
l
a PaPda33. Write the PaPdtypes
a of ploidyPaPda(Fig. 3. 20) P70 aPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
34. What is polyploidy? Write its types. 71
iai 35. Significance of ploidy 73
saaslal a ailai
lDefine a lailai Write sits ilai
asladifferent ilai
saasla75
iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal l
a
d d a
d s
36.a s d adsa s
translocation. d a
d a types.
d a
d d a
d d a
d d a
d adsaas
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda

iai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal a
d sa adsa adsa a
d sa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPdaBig Questions:-
PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
1. Bateson and Punnet got 7:1:1:7 and 1:7:7:1 ration instead of 1:1:1:1. Why? Discuss. Give
iai i i
yourlaanswer. 57 lailai i ai iai iai iai iai
saaslal s la
saaExplain saas saaslal over 59 saaslal saaslal saaslal saaslal adsaas
l

Padasalai
ad d a
d d ad d ad d a
d d ad d ad d ad
a PaPa 2. the
PaPa mechanism of
PaPacrossing PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
3. Discuss the process of recombination. Explain recombination frequency (RF). 61
iai 4. Explain sex determination in papaya, Sphaerocarpos and maize. 65
saaslal a l ailai a l ailai a l ailai a lailai a l ailai aslaila
i
aslaila
i l
ad 5.
a
d sa s
Discuss on ads
selfa s
- sterility in adsa s
Nicotiana 64 ads a s adsa s adsa adsa adsaas
a PaPda6. Briefly explain
PaPda the types PaPda
of mutation. 68 PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
7. Explain the types of polyploidy. 71
iai i i i ai iai ai
lailchromosomes. iai iai iai
adsaaslal d d slala a briefdaaccount
8.saaGive
a dsaaslal on structural
d a
d saaslal aberrations
d a
d saasof d a
d saaslal73 d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda

iai aslaila
i
aslaila
i UNIT ilai – BIOTECHNOLOGY
aslaVIII aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
a
dsaaslal adsa a
d sa ads a adsa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
CHAPTER 4 - Principles and Processes of Biotechnology
iai iai iai iai iai iai iai iai
adsaaslal d d saaslal Questions:-
Short
a d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa1. Define - PBiotechnology
aPa aPa
P78 PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
2. What is zymology? 81
iai lailai Cell proton i
aslaila(SCP) 82adsaaslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal 3.saaSingle
a
d s a
d sa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda4. RecombinantPaPda DNA technology PaPda 83 PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
5. What is fermentation? 81
iai i i
6. Bioreactor 81 lailai iai iai i ai iai iai
adsaaslal d a
d slala
saaApplications d a
d saasSCP 82 dadsaaslal d adsaaslal d a
d saaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa 7. PaPa of PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
8. Define vector that is used in biotechnology. What are the types of vectors? 83 & 86
iai 9. Listi the microorganisms that are used for the production of SCP. 82
saaslal a lalai a l ailai a l ailai a l ailai a l ailai aslaila
i
aslaila
i l
ad a
d s
10.a sWhat do youadsa s
know about a
d s
PCR?a s 84 adsa s a
d sa s adsa adsa adsaas
a PaPda11. Define Prestriction
aPda PaPda Write its types
enzyme. PaPda with examples.
PaPda 84 PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
12. Recognition sequences 84
iai ailai is palindromiciai iai iai i ai iai iai
adsaaslal d d saaslWhat
13.
a d adsaaslal sequence?
d a
d saaslal85 d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa14. What are a
PaPsymmetric a
PaPasymmetric
and aPa 85
Pcuts? PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda

iai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal adsa adsa adsa ads
a adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
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a
d saaslal d a
dsaaslal d d saaslal
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d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d sawww.TrbTnpsc.com
d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d adsaas
l
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa P a
P a

iai ailai – blunt ailaiand sticky ailai 85 aslaila

i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
a
d saaslal 15.
a
ds aaslDefine adsaaslend a
d saaslend adsa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda16. Walking da
PaPgenes PaPda genes 87 PaPda
or jumping PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
17. What are expression vectors? Give an example. 87
iai ilai of vector
18. lTypes i i
88 iai ilai aslaila
i iai iai
adsaaslal d a
d saasaWhat d ad slala
saacommon d a
d saaslal of directdagene
dsaaslatransfer d adsplants?
a d adsaaslal d a
dsaaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa 19. are
PaPathe methods
PaPa PaPa in
PaPa 89
PaPa PaPa PaPda
20. Which is called as natural genetic engineer of plants? Why? 90
iai 21. Write the principle of gel electrophoresis. 92 i i
saaslal a l ailai a l ailai a l ailai aslala aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i l
ad a
d s
22.a s Write a short
adsa s
note on ELISA a
d sa s
92 adsa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
a PaPda23. What are da
PaPDNA probes? PaPda
92 PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
24. What are the types of blotting techniques? 92
iai ailai aslaila
i iai iai iai i ai iai
adsaaslal d d saaslTransfection
25.
a d a
d sa94 d a
d saaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d a
d saaslal d adsaaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa26. What isPgene aPa editing? P 95aPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
27. What is CRISPR-Cas9? 95
i ai asaila
i
28. lAdvantages
asaila
i
of lherbicide
aslaila
tolerant i
crops 96 lailai
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal a
d sa a
d sa a
d sa adsaas adsa a
d sa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda29. DefineP-aPBT da Cotton. Write PaPda its advantagesPaPda and disadvantages.
PaPda 97 PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
30. Write some insect resistant crops. 97
iai 31. Mentions the benefits and risks iofi golden rice. i98i
saaslal a ailai
lWrite a lailai a
saaslal are used lala
saasproduce
iai
saaslal types ofdadsaaslal
iai iai
saaslal l
a
d d a
d s
32.a s the d a
d sa s
microorganisms d which
a
d d ato
d different
d ad d ad adsaas
a PaPapolyhydroxyalkanoates.
PaPa aa
98P P PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
31. Biopharming 99
iai ailai the strategies i
aslaila for bioremediation
aslaila
i ilai water. 99alailai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal 32.
a
d saaslWrite a
d sa adsa in soil
adsaaslaand adsa s a
d sa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda33. Give some PaPdaexamples of PaP da
bioremediation da
PaPtechnologies. Pda
Pa99 PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
33. What are the limitations of bioremediation? 100
iai ailai diagrammatic
34. lDraw ilai representation iai of biological i
iahydrogen iai
production by algae. iai 100 iai
saaslal saasBioprospecting saasla100 saaslal saaslal saaslal saaslal saaslal adsaas
l

Padasalai
ad d a
d d a
d d ad d a
d d ad d a
d d ad
a PaPa 35. PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
36. What is biopiracy? Give some examples. 101
iai 37. What is RNA interference? 95 i i
saaslal a l ailai a l ailai aslala aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i l
ad a
d sa s a
d sa s adsa a
d sa adsa ads a adsa adsaas
a PaPdaBig Questions:-PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
1. Applications of biotechnology 101
iai i i i
aslaila resistant
i
aslaila 96 adsaaslaila
i iai iai iai
adsaaslal d a
d slala some
2.saaExplain
d a
d sinsect
a d a
d sacrops. d d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa3. Briefly explain
PaPa the blotting PaPatechniquesPand aPa its uses. 92PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
4. Give the detailed protocol for gel electrophoresis. 92
iai aslaila
5. Explain i the typeslaof
as ila
i vector. 87 lailai
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
a
dsaaslal a
d sa a
d sa adsaas a
d sa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda6. Give a brief
PaPdaaccount onPrestriction
aPda PaPda 84
enzymes. PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
7. Explain the steps involved in Recombinant DNA technology with diagram. 83
iai 8. Detailed report oni fermentation processes. 81 i i
saaslal a lailai a lalai a lailai saaslal
a iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal l
ad d a
d sa s d a
d sa s d adsa s d a
d d a
d d a
d d a
d adsaas
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
UNIT VIII – BIOTECHNOLOGY
iai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa a
dsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda PaPda
CHAPTER 5Pa-PdPlant
a TissuePaPda
Culture PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a

iai Short i
i Questions:- lailai iai iai i ai iai iai
adsaaslal d a
d slala
saaDefine d a
d saasculture d a
d saaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d a
d saaslal dadsaaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa 1. - Tissue
PaPa 107
PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
2. Applications of tissue culture 107
iai 3. What are the components of Knop’s solution? 108
saaslal a lailai a l ailai a l ailai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i l
ad 4.
a
d sa s
Define – ads s
Totipotency
a and adsa s
differentiation 109adsa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
a PaPda5 Write thePfundamental
aPda PaPda
principles PaPdtissue
of plant
a da
PaP109
culture. PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
6. What are the techniques involved in plant tissue culture? 110
iai i i iai iai iai i ai iai iai
adsaaslal d d slala is sterilization?
7.saaWhat
a d adsaaslal 110 dadsaaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa8. Write thePaname
Pa of Medias a
PaPused Pa culture.P110
in plantPatissue aPa PaPa PaPa PaPda

iai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal adsa adsa adsa ads
a adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
Send Your Questions and Answers to Our Email Id - padasalai.net@gmail.com
lailai lailai lailai lailai lailai lailai lailai lailai l
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a
d saaslal d a
dsaaslal d d saaslal
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d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d sawww.TrbTnpsc.com
d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d adsaas
l
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa P a
P a

iai lailai is agar?sa aslaila

i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
a
d saaslal 9.saaWhat
a
d s ad
110
a
d sa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda10. Define P–aPCallus
da 111 PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
11. What are embryoids? 110
iai ailai is hardening?
12. lWhat iai 111 ilai iai iai iai iai
adsaaslal d a
d saasWrite d adsaaslaofl plant tissue
d a
d saasla d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa 13. the types
PaPa PaPa culture. 112
PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
14. What are protoplasts? 112
iai 15. What are the steps involved in protoplast culture? 113
saaslal a l ailai a l ailai a l ailai a l ailai i
aslailalist their asource
i
aslailaand uses. aslaila
i l
ad a
d s
16.a sGive some adsa s
examples for a
d sa s
important secondary
adsa s metabolites adsand
a dsa adsa adsaas
a PaPda113 PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
17. Applications of somatic embryogenesis 114
iai ailai – Organogenesisi ai 114saaslailai iai iai i ai iai
adsaaslal d d saaslDefine
18.
a d a
d saaslal d a
d d a
d saaslal d adsaaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa19. Advantages PaPa of artificial PaP a 116 PaPa
seeds PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
20. What is cryopreservation? 117
i ai asaila
21. lWhat i is IPR? 117
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal a
d sa a
d sa adsa a
d sa adsa a
d sa a
d s
a adsaas
l
a PaPda22. What are da parts ofPpatent?
PaPthree aPda PaPdout
And list a the general PaPdsteps
a PaPda 117
in patenting. PaPda a
PP d
a
23. Write a short note on biosafety. 118
iai 24. Write ethical issues in genomic iresearch. 119 i i
saaslal a ailai
lWhat a lailai118 a lalai saaslal
a iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal l
a
d d a
d s
25.a s is d d s s
bioethics?
a a d adsa s d a
d d ad d a
d d a
d adsaas
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
Big Questions:-
iai lailai the basic ilai i
aslaila in plant
i
aslaila culture.ads109
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal 1.saaExplain
a
d s a
ds aaslaconcepts involved
adsa a
d satissue a adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda2. Explain P aPdatechniques P
the aPda
involved in PTC.PaPd
a
110 PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
3. Give a brief account on protoplast tissue culture. 112
iai i i
4. Applications iai tissue culture
of plant iai 115 ilai ilai iai iai
saaslal slala
saaWhat saaslal List the saaslal saaslaconsiderationssaaslafor saaslal 118 dadsaaslal adsaas
l

Padasalai
ad d a
d d a
d d ad d a
d d a d d a
d
a PaPa 5. is bio-safety?
PaPa PaPa potential risks
PaPa and PaPa safety
PaPaaspects. PaPa PaPda

iai aslaila
i
aslaila
i i
aslailaIX – PLANT
i
aslailaECOLOGY aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal adsa adsa sa
UNIT
ad adsa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
CHAPTER 6 – Principles of Ecology
iai ilai ilai iai iai iai iai iai
adsaaslal d a
d a
sas l a
d a
d a
sas l a
d a
d saaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a PaPaShort Questions:-
PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
1. Definitions of ecology by Rieter and Ernst Hackel 122
iai as ila
i
2. laEcological
aslaila
hierarchy i 123
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
a
dsaaslal a
d sa a
d sa a
d sa adsa adsa ads
a adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda 3. What P aPdathe branches
are ofdaecology? 123
PaP PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
4. Difference between habitat and niche 123
iai 5. Defineilai - Biotope and ecotope 123
saaslal a laDefine a lailai equivalents. iai
saaslal Give some
ilai
saaslaexamples.
iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal l
ad d a
d s
6.a s – d a
d sa s
Ecological d ad d ad d 123
ad d a
d d a
d adsaas
a PaPa 7. What P aa
areP the classes of
a
PaPecological PaPa 124
factors? PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
8. What are Helicophytes and Sciophytes? 125
iai ilai i
aslaila 125 adsaaslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal a
d
9.
saaslaPalaeoclimatology
a
d sa adsa adsa adsa a
dsa adsaas
l
a PaPda 10. How animals
PaPda are classified PaPda based onPthermal aPda PaPda 125
tolerance? PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
11. What is thermal Stratification? Mention their types. 125
iai ilai the effects
12.laWrite i temperature.
iaof iai126 iai i i iai iai
adsaaslal d a
d saas Difference d a
d saaslal d adsaaslaland sclerophyllous
d adsaaslal d ad slala
saa126 d a
d saaslal dadsaaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa 13. PaPa between Evergreen
PaPa PaPa forests
PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
14. Give an example for tolerance to toxicity. 127
iai 15. Write a short note on Albedo effect. 127
saaslal a l ailai a l ailai a l ailai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i l
ad a
d s
16.
a s Effects of a
d s
wind
a s and fire 127
adsa s adsa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
a PaPda 17. WhichPare aPda PaPda
called as indicators
da
PaPWhy?
of fire? 128 P P
ada PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
18. What is rhytidome? 128
iai ilai iai iai iai i ai iai iai
adsaaslal d a
d saaslaPedology
19.
d dsaaslal
128
a d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa 20. TypesPof aPa
soil based on itsa formationP128
PaP aPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda

iai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal adsa adsa adsa ads
a adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
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lailai lailai lailai lailai lailai lailai lailai lailai l
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i iai iai
a
d saaslal d a
dsaaslal d d saaslal
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a d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d sawww.TrbTnpsc.com
d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d adsaas
l
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa P a
P a

iai ilai is ecotone? i

aslaila 130 adsaaslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
a
d saaslal a
d
21.
s aaslaWhat ads a adsa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda 22. State the PaPdEdge
a aPda
effect.P130 PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
23. What are the different types of interactions of plants associated with animals? (Tab.6.4)
iai ilai
131 i ai iai iai iai iai iai
adsaaslal d a
d saaslaGive d a
d saaslal for mutualism
d adsaaslal and commensalism.
d a
d saaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa 24. the
PaPa examples PaPa PaPa PaPa131 PaPa PaPa PaPda
25. Proto – cooperation 132
iai 26. What is parasitism? What are the types of parasites? Give some examples. 133
saaslal a l ailai a l ailai a l ailai a l ailai a l ailai aslaila
i
aslaila
i l
ad a
d s
27.
a s Explain thea
d sa s
types of adsa s
competition? 133 a
d sa s adsa s adsa adsa adsaas
a PaPda 28. What P ada
is Pco-evolution?P Give
aPda
an example.PaPda 134 PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
29. What is mimicry? Give an example. 134
iai ilai i ai iai iai iai i ai iai
adsaaslal d a
d saaslaMyrmecophilly
30.
d adsaaslal134 d a
d saaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa 31. How the a
PaPplants PaPa
are classified based on a adaptation?
PaPthe PaPa135 PaPa PaPa PaPda
32. Define hygrophytes. Give an example. 136
i ai as ila
i
33.laXerophytes
aslaila
136 i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal a
d sa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda 34. Trichophyllous
PaPda plants da
137
PaP PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
35. Define - phylloclades 137
iai 36. Whatilai are trophophytes? 138 i i
saaslal a laMesophytes a lailai saaslal
a
saaslal
iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal
iai iai
saaslal l
a
d d a
d s
37.
a s d adsa s
138 d ad d ad d ad d ad d ad adsaas
a PaPa 38. HalophytesPaPa 139 PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
39. Pneumatophores or breathing roots 139
iai ilai – seed ailai fruit dispersal. i
aslaila What are
i
lailaecological lailai involved i
aslainilaseed adsaaslaila
i
adsaaslal a
40.
dsaaslaDefine adsaasland adsa adsaasthe adsaafactors
s adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda140
dispersal? PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
41. Write some ecological important days. 142
iai ilai
42.laAdvantages ilai dispersal
ofaseed i ai
142 iai iai iai iai
saaslal saas Define saaslball saaslal saaslal saaslal saaslal saaslal adsaas
l

Padasalai
ad d ad – d ad d ad d ad d ad d ad d ad
a PaPa 43. PaPaseed 142
PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
44. What is vivipary? 140
iai 45. What are the defense mechanisms evolved byiplats against their predation? i132
saaslal a l ailai a l ailai a l ailai a lalai a l ailai aslala
i
aslaila
i l
ad adsa s adsa s adsa s adsa s adsa s adsa adsa adsaas
a PaPda Big Questions:-
PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
1. Briefly explain the different classes of ecological factors. 124
iai lailai explain ilaikinds of interaction
iai iai lailai animals.sa231
aslaila
i iai
adsaaslal d a
d
2.
saasBriefly d a
d saasla
the
d a
d saaslal d dsaaslal associated
of plants
a d a
d saaswith d ad d a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa 3. What are a interspecific
PaPthe PaPainteractions? a
PaPExplain Pa
on it.Pa134 PaPa PaPa PaPda
4. Explain the adaptations of hydrophytes and xerophytes. 135
iai aslaila
5. Briefly i discuss lon
asaila
i
seed
aslaila
dispersal i ecological
by
aslaila
i
factors. 140 lailai
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
a
dsaaslal adsa a
d sa adsa adsa ads aas ads
a adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a

iai CHAPTER 7 - Ecosystem

saaslal a lailai a lailai a lailai saaslal
iai iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal l
ad d a
d sa s d a
d sa s d a
d sa s d ad d ad d a
d d a
d adsaas
a PaPaShort Questions:- PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
1. Define ecosystem148
iai lailai are the abiotic i
aslaila and biotic ailai lailai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal 2.saaWhat
a
d s adsa a
d saaslcomponents? adsaa149
s adsa adsa a
dsa adsaas
l
a PaPda3. StandingPqualityaPda PaPda state 149 PaPda
or starding PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
4. Why plants are called producers? 149
iai 5. How i ithe consumers ailaiof ecosystem i be classified?
iacan iai 149 alailai iai iai
adsaaslal d a
d slala
saaDefine d adsaaslcrop d a
d saaslal d adsaaslal adsas a
d saaslal adsaaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa 6. standing
PaPa 149
PaPa PaPa PaPda d
PaPa d
PaPa PaPda
7. Write the functions of ecosystem 149
iai 8. What is photosynthetically activei radiation (PAR)? 149
saaslal a lailai a l ailai a l alai a l ailai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i l
ad 9.
a
d sa s
PAR is not ads
always
a s constant.a
d s
Why?
a s 149 adsa s adsa adsa adsa adsaas
a PaPda10. Mention PaP da PaPda 150
the types of carbon PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
11. What is productivity? Classify it. 150
iai ailai are thesfactors i
aslaila affecting ailai iai 150 alailai iai iai
adsaaslal d d saaslWhat
12.
a d ada d a
d saaslprimary d a
d saaslal
productivity?
adsas a
d saaslal a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa13. Give the PaP a
concept PaPa level in ecosystem.
of trophic PaPa 151 PaPda d
PaPa d
PaPa PaPda

iai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal adsa adsa adsa ads
a adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
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a
d saaslal d a
dsaaslal d d saaslal
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d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d sawww.TrbTnpsc.com
d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d adsaas
l
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa P a
P a

iai ailai is energy ilai 151 alailai aslaila

i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
a
d saaslal 14.
a
ds aaslWhat a
d s
a aslaflow? ad sa s adsa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda15. State the da of thermodynamics
PaPlaws PaPda da
PaPexamples.
with PaPda
151 PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
16. State ten percent law. 152
iai ailai food schain.
17. lDefine
aslaila
iWhat are the
aslaila
i
types? 152 lailai iai iai iai
adsaaslal d a
d saasWhat d a
d a d a
d sexample.
a d a
d saas d adsaaslal d a
d saaslal d a
dsaaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa 18. is food
PaPa web? Give
PaPaan 153
PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
19. Significance of food web 153
iai 20. Ecological pyramids and its types 153
saaslal a l ailai a l ailai a l ailai lailai spindlesashaped.
alooks
i
aslaila Why?ads153 aslaila
i
aslaila
i l
ad a
d s
21.a s The pyramid adsof
a s number in a
d sa s
forest ecosystema
d sa s ad a adsa adsaas
a PaPda22. Why the PaP da
pyramid of number PaPda in a parasitic PaPda ecosystemPis aPda PaPda 153
always inverted? PaPda a
PP d
a
23. Write the stages involved in the process of decomposition? 155
iai ailai aslaila
i 156 saaslailai iai iai i ai iai
adsaaslal d adsaaslLeaching
24. or seluviation
d a
d a d ad d a
d saaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa25. What isPhumus?aPa 156 PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
26. What are the factors affecting decomposition? 156
i ai 27. lDefine i – Biogeochemical i i i 156 i i i
asaila aslaila
cycle.
aslaila
Mention its types.
adsaaslal adsa adsa adsa a
d saaslaila adsaaslaila adsaaslaila adsaaslaila adsaas
l
a PaPda28. Types of da
PaPecosystem PaPda7.14) 157 PaPda
(Fig. PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
29. Name the blue carbon ecosystems 158
iai 30. Limnology 158 i i
saaslal a ailai
lEcosystem a
saaslal 159 dadsaaslal
iai iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal l
a
d d ads
31.a s d services
ad d a
d d ad d ad d ad adsaas
a PaPa32. Write aPshort aPa PaPa
not on Mangrove PaPa services. 159
ecosystem PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
33. Mention some anthropogenic activities which are disturb an ecosystem. 160
iai ailai i
aslaila 160 adsaaslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal 34.
adsaaslEcosystem resilience
adsa a
d sa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda35. “Use ecosystem
PaPda PaPdalose ecosystem”
but don’t PaPda can you add PaPdaone more slogan
PaPda for naturePor aPda a
PP d
a
environment or Go green concept. 160
iai
saaslal ailai – Ecosystem
36. lDefine
saasWhat
i i management
slala
saasuccession? saaslal
iai161 iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal l
adsaas

Padasalai
ad d ad d ad d ad d a
d d ad d ad d ad
a PaPa 37. is plant
PaPa PaPa 162 PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
38. What are the types of succession? 162
iai 39. Difference between primary andi secondary succession 162 i i
saaslal a l ailai a l ailai a l alai a lailai aslala aslaila
i
aslaila
i l
ad ads
40.a s Write the adsa s
classification of adsa s
plant succession.
a
d sa s
163 adsa adsa adsa adsaas
a PaPda41. Significance
PaPda of plant succession
PaPda ada
165 P P PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
42. Hydrosere 164
iai iai i ai iai iai iai iai iai
adsaaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal adsaas
l
a PaPaBig Questions:- PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
1. Describe the structure of ecosystem. 149
iai aslaila
2. Briefly i explain the
aslaila
i
types
aslaila
of ecological i pyramids.
aslaila
i
153
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
a
dsaaslal a
d sa a
d sa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda3. Explain P aPdamechanismPof
the aPda
decomposition. PaPda155 PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
4. Write a brief note on carbon and phosphorus cycle. 156
iai 5. Draw schematic representation ofi ecosystem. 157
saaslal a lailai any fivesaapractices
lailai a lai
ladaily a lailai “If we sfail ilai
aslato iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal l
ad d 6.
a
d sa Write
s d a
d s in dyour
adsa s lifedto
adsjustify.
a s d ad a protect
d aenvironment,
d dwe
ad adsaas
a PaPawill fail to P aPa
save posterity”.P160
aPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
7. What are the strategies of ecosystem management? 161
iai lailai ai
lailecological aslaila
i 162saaslailai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal 8.saaCharacteristics
a
d s a
d saaof
s ad
succession
sa ad adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda9. Explain P aPdatypes of succession.
the PaPda 162 PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
10. Briefly explain the stages of hydrosere succession. 164
iai iai iai iai iai i ai iai iai
adsaaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
UNIT IX – PLANT ECOLOGY
iai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i ailai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal adsa a
d sa adsa
CHAPTER 8a-
dsaEnvironmental adsaaslIssues adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
Short Questions:-
iai ailai is greenhouse iai aslaila
i iai i ai iai iai
adsaaslal d
1.saaslWhat
a
d d a
dsaaslal effect?
d a
d s170
a d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa2. List thePnamesaPa of greenhouse
PaPa gases. 170 PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda

iai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal adsa adsa adsa ads
a adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
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a
d saaslal d a
dsaaslal d d saaslal
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d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d sawww.TrbTnpsc.com
d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d adsaas
l
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa P a
P a

iai ailai are theshuman i

aslaila activities ailai to produce ilai greenhouse ai
aslaileffect? 170saaslailai aslaila
i
a
d saaslal 3.saaslWhat
a
d ad a a
d saasllead adsaaslathe adsa ad adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda4. Global Pwarming
aPda 170 PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
5. Write the effects of global warming 170
iai ailai
6. lMention
asaila
some leffects i of globallaiwarming
ai ailai 171 saslailai
on plants. iai iai
adsaaslal d a
d saasWhat d adsastrategies d a
d saas l to deal dwith
a
d saaslglobal d ad a d adsaaslal d a
dsaaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa 7. are
PaPathe followed
PaPa PaPa warming?
PaPa 171 PaPa PaPa PaPda
8. What is good ozone? State the reason. 171
iai 9. Ozone hole 172 i i
saaslal a l ailai aslala of Montreal
i
aslailaand Kyoto lailai
aprotocols. aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i l
ad a
d s
10.a s Write the ads
objectives
a a
d sa a
d sa s 172
adsa adsa adsa adsaas
a PaPda11. Give anPexample
aPda PaPda project activity.
for CDM PaPda 172 PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
12. Write about plant indicators with some examples. 172
iai ailai of ozone i ai iai iai iai i ai iai
adsaaslal d d saaslEffects
13.
a d a
d saaslaldepletion d a
dsaaslal
172
d a
d saaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa14. Write some PaPa of the major a
PaPspecies PaPa in commercial
cultivated PaPa agroforestry. PaPa173 PaPa PaPda
15. Define – Silvopasture system 173
i ai asaila
16. lWhat i is proteinlabank?
as ila
i 173 lailai
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal a
d sa a
d sa a
d saas a
d sa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda17. What are da major activities
PaPthe PaPda of forestry PaPdaextension centers?
PaPda 174 PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
18. What are the causes of deforestation? 174
iai 19. What is invasive ispecies? Give some examplesi for invasive plant species andi mention its i i
saaslal a ailai
leffects. a lalai a lailai a lalai a lailai a lalai saaslal
a l
a
d d a
d sa s 175d a
d sa s d a
d sa s d a
d sa s d adsa s d adsa s d ad adsaas
a PaPa20. Difference PaPabetween InPsitu aPa
and Ex situ PaP a
conservation P177
aPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
21. Write a short note on Chipko and Appiko movement. 177
iai ailai are endemic i
aslaila species?adsMention
i
aslaila someadsendemic
i
aslaila plants. lailai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal 22.
a
d saaslWhat a
d sa a a adsaa178
s adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda23. What isPcarbon
aPda PaPda
sequestration? 178 PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
24. Carbon foot print 179
iai ailai
25. lBiochar 179 lailai i ai iai iai iai iai
saaslal saasCarbon as
s179 saaslal saaslal saaslal saaslal saaslal adsaas
l

Padasalai
ad d a
d d ad a d a
d d a
d d ad d ad d ad
a PaPa 26. sink
PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
27. Write the benefits of ainwater harvesting. 180
iai 28. What are the benefits of EIA? 181
saaslal a l ailai a l ailai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i l
ad a
d s
29.a s Define – ads s
Biomonitering
a 181a
d sa a
d sa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
a PaPda30. How bio da
PaPdiversity PaPda can assess?
impacts PaPda
181 PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
31. Difference between GIS and GPS 181
iai ailai the importance iai of GIS.a181 iai iai iai iai iai
adsaaslal d d saaslWrite
32.
a d a
d saaslal d adsaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa33. What isPremote aPa a
PaPWrite
sensing? PaPa uses. 182PaPa
its specific PaPa PaPa PaPda
34. Write the applications of satellites. 182
iai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
a
dsaaslal a
d sa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPdaBig Questions:- PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
1. Write the natural and anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gases. 171
iai 2. What is agroforestry? ilai Write some benefits. 173 i i
saaslal a lailai the effects a laof a
i
laila174 saaslal
a iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal l
ad d 3.
a
d sa s
Write d adsa s d ds s
deforestation.
a a d ad d ad d ad d a
d adsaas
a PaPa4. Briefly discussPaPa on afforestation.
PaPa Mention
a
PaPits objectivesPaP a
and achievements.PaPa 174 PaPa PaPda
5. Explain the methods of biodiversity conservation. 176
iai lailaia brief account i
aslaila on invasive ilai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal 6.saaGive
ad s adsa adsaaslaspecies. 175
adsa adsa adsa a
dsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a

iai iai iai UNIT iai– ECONOMIC

X iai BOTANY i ai iai iai
adsaaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d a
d saaslal dadsaaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
CHAPTER 9 – Plant breeding
iai i
aslailaQuestions:- aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal s
a
Short
a
d adsa a
d sa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda1. Define P- aEconomic
Pda PaPda 185
botany PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
2. What is domestication 185
iai ailai some possible iai ilai plant species iai i ai iai iai
adsaaslal d
3.saaslList
a
d d a
dsaaslal Changesd a
d aslathe
sain d a
d saaslal due toddomestication
adsaaslal 185
d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa4. Vavilov’s a
PaPcentres PaPaorigin and crops
of crop PaPa domesticated PaPa187 PaPa PaPa PaPda

iai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal adsa adsa adsa ads
a adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
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a
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d saaslal d a
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d sawww.TrbTnpsc.com
d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d adsaas
l
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa P a
P a

iai ailai is organic ilai aslaila

i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
a
d saaslal 5.saaslWhat
a
d adsaaslafarming? 187
adsa adsa adsa ads
a adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda6. Write the PaPdnames
a PaPdaIndian plantPbreeders
of some aPda 187 PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
7. What are bio fertilizers? Mention some bio fertilizers. 187
iai ailai
8. lClassification
aslaila
of Bio i fertilizersla(Fig.
ilai 9.3) 188 ilai iai iai iai
adsaaslal d a
d saasDefine – d adsapesticides. d adsaassome d a
d saasla189 d adsaaslal d a
d saaslal d a
dsaaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa 9. Bio
PaPa Give
PaPa examples.
PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
10. Green manuring 189
iai 11. What are the objectives of planti breeding? 190 i i
saaslal a l ailai a l ailai a l alai aslala 191 adsaaslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i l
ad a
d s
12.a s Write the ads
maina s steps involved
adsa s in plant a
d s
breeding.
a adsa adsa adsaas
a PaPda13. What are da
PaPthe PaPda plant breeding
conventional PaPda methods? P aPda
191 PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
14. Acclimatization 191
iai ailai are thestypes i
aslaila of selection? iai iai iai i ai iai
adsaaslal d d saaslWhat
15.
a d a
d a d a
d saaslal 191 dadsaaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa16. What isPmass aPa selection? a
PaP191 PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
17. What is hybridization? Write steps involved in it. 192
i ai asaila
18. lWhat i are the types
aslaila
iof hybridization?
aslaila
i 193
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
a saaslal a sa a sa a sa a sa a sa a sa a s
a adsaas
l
PaPda19. Define P–aPHeterosis.
d d da d d d d d d
a PaPda its types.P193
Mention aPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
20. What is mutation breeding? Give some examples for mutant breed. 194
iai 21. What are the agents ilai used to cause mutation in mutation breeding? 194
saaslal a ailai
lGamma a la194 a lailai a lailai a lailai iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal l
a
d d d s
22.
a a s garden
d adsa s d adsa s d adsa s d adsa s d ad d a
d adsaas
a PaPa23. How polyploidy
PaPa PaPa in plants?
can induced
a
PaP194 PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
24. What is autopolyploidy? Give an example. 194
iai ailai is allopolyploidy?
aslaila
i i
ailaexample. aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal 25.
a
d saaslWhat adsa Give
adsaaslan ad
194
sa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda26. What isPgreenaPda revolution? PaPda194 PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
27. NORIN 10 195
iai ailai some disease
28. lGive iairesistanceavarieties
i ai of plants. i
ia(Tab. 9.1) 195 iai iai iai
saaslal saasWhat saaslal saslal saaslal saaslal saaslal saaslal adsaas
l

Padasalai
ad d a
d d ad d ad d ad d ad d ad d a
d
a PaPa 29. is biofortication?
PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
30. Write some pest resistance plant varieties. 196
iai 31. Write the variousi methods of new plant engineering techniques. 197
saaslal a l ailai a l alai a l ailai a lailai a l ailai aslaila
i
aslaila
i l
ad a
d sa s adsa s adsa s adsa s adsa s adsa adsa adsaas
a PaPdaBig Questions:-PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
1. Briefly discuss on history of agriculture. 186
iai i i lailai biofertilizers.iai iai iai iai iai
adsaaslal d d slala explain
2.saaBriefly
a d a
d saassome d a
d saaslal 188 dadsaaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa3. Briefly explain
PaPa the conventionalPaPa plant P aPa
breeding methodsPaPa– Selection PandaPaheterosis. PaPa PaPda
4. Explain different steps and types of hybridization. 192
iai aslaila
5. How ican you achieve
aslaila
i organic farming?
aslaila
i
asaila
Write lyour i implementations
aslaila
i for yourlaagricultural
as ila
i
aslaila
i
a
dsaaslal adsa adsa adsa a
d sa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPdafield. PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
6. Give a brief account on green revolution. 194
iai iai iai iai iai iai iai iai
adsaaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
UNIT X – ECONOMIC BOTANY
iai i a i i a i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal adsaasla l
adsaasl a l
adsa a
d s
a a
dsa a
d s
a a
dsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda
CHAPTER 10 – P aPda
Economically P aPda Plants and
Useful PaPdaEntrepreneurial
PaPda BotanyPaPda a
PP d
a

iai Short i
i Questions:- iai i i lailai lailai iai iai
adsaaslal d a
d slala
saaWhat d a
d saaslal d a
d slala
saaprominence d adsaascereals d adsaasplants? d adsaaslal dadsaaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa 1. are the
PaPa attributes for
PaPathe PaPa of as food
PaPa 201
PaPa PaPa PaPda
2. How cereals can be classified? Give some examples for its types. 201
iai 3. Uses of Oryza sativa 201
saaslal a lailai a l ailai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i l
ad 4.
a
d sa s
Uses of wheatadsa s
201 adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
a PaPda5. Pseudo –Pcereal
aPda
201 P P
ada PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
6. What are pulses? 202
iai i i i
aslaila 203 adsaaslaila
i iai i ai iai iai
adsaaslal d a
d slala of vigna
7.saaUses
d a
dsmungo
a d d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa8. Economic a
PaPimportance PaP
of a
Arachis PaPa 205
hypogaea PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda

iai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal adsa adsa adsa ads
a adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
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a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa P a
P a

iai lailaiof Sesamum ai

aslailindicum aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
a
d saaslal 9.saaUses
a
d s a
d sa 205
ads a adsa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda10. Uses ofPcoffeeaPda 206 PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
11. Which is queen of species? Write its uses. 206
iai ailai is king
12. lWhich ai
lailspecies
of
aslaila
or black igold of India? i
iaWrite the top ia i
producers iai 207 alailai
in India.
adsaaslal d a
d saasWrite d a
d saasof d a
d slonga.
a d adsaaslal d adsaaslal d adsaaslal adsas adsaas
l
a PaPa 13. the
PaPauses Curcuma
PaPa 107
PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda PaPda
14. Uses of red pepper 207
iai 15. Uses of jute and cotton 208
saaslal a l ailai a l ailai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i l
ad a
d s
16.a sUses of timber
a
d sa s 208 a
d s a adsa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
a PaPda17. Vulcanization
PaPda 209 PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
18. Name the plants used for making paper pulp. 209
iai ailai are thescosmetics
aslaila
i iai i
aslaila 210 adsaaslaila
i i ai iai
adsaaslal d a
d saaslWhat
19.
d a
d a d a
d saaslalfrom Aloe
derived
d adsvera?
a d d adsaaslal d a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa20. What are a three humors
PaPthe PaPa of siddha medicine?
PaPa 211 PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda
21. What are the three humors of Ayurveda medicine? 212
i ai asaila
22. lWrite i the majorlatribal
as ila
i communities
aslaila
i in Tamil lNadu.
asaila
i 212
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal a
d sa a
d s
a adsa adsa adsa adsa a
d s
a adsaas
l
a PaPda23. Medicinal PaPdavalues of Phyllanthus
PaPda PaPda212
amarus PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
24. Which is known as king of bitters? Write its medicinal importance. 213
iai 25. What are psychoactive drugs? 213
saaslal a ailai
lWrite a lailai values of ailai iai
saaslal
saasltrans-tetrahydrocanabinal.
iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal
iai
saaslal l
a
d d a
d s
26.a s the d a
d s
a s
medicinal d ad d ad d a
d213 d a
d d a
d adsaas
a PaPa27. Read the a
PaPtable aa
at pagePnoP 213 PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda

iai ailai aslaila

i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal Big
a
d saaslQuestions:- a
d sa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda1. Write thePauses Pda of any five PaPdfood
a plants. P201 aPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
2. Give a brief account on traditional systems of medicines. 211
iai i i any five
3. Explain ilai
medicinal plants i write itslauses.
iaand i i 212 alailai iai iai
saaslal slala
saaGive saaslafor saaslalof bio-pest s la
saarepellent. asas saaslal saaslal adsaas
l

Padasalai
ad a
d a
d ad ad a a
a d
PaPa 4. the d
protocol
PaPa d
preparation
PaPa d
PaPa Pdad
Pa215 d
PaPa
d d
PaPa
d
PaPda
5. What is organic pesticide? How it is prepared? 215
iai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a

iai iai i ai iai iai iai iai iai

adsaaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal dadsaaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda

iai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
a
dsaaslal adsa adsa adsa ads
a adsa ads
a adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a

iai iai iai iai iai iai iai iai

adsaaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda

iai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa adsa a
dsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a

iai iai iai iai iai i ai iai iai

adsaaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal dadsaaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda

iai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal adsa adsa ads
a adsa adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a

iai iai iai iai iai i ai iai iai

adsaaslal d a
d saaslal d a
dsaaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal d a
d saaslal adsaas
l
a PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPa PaPda

iai aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
aslaila
i
adsaaslal adsa adsa adsa ads
a adsa adsa adsa adsaas
l
a PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda PaPda a
PP d
a
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