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What Is The Difference Between MCB, MCCB, ELCB, and RCCB - EEP
What Is The Difference Between MCB, MCCB, ELCB, and RCCB - EEP
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What is the difference between MCB,
MCCB, ELCB, and RCCB
MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker)
Characteristics
MCCB (Moulded Case Circuit Breaker)
Characteristics
Air Circuit Breaker
Characteristics
Vacuum Circuit Breaker
Characteristics
RCD (Residual Current Device / RCCB(Residual Current
Circuit Breaker)
Characteristics
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main incoming cable, then it must have all circuits protected by an RCD (because u mite not be
able to get enough fault current to trip a MCB)
RCDs are an extremely effective form of shock protection
The most widely used are 30 mA (milliamp) and 100 mA devices. A current flow of 30 mA (or 0.03
amps) is sufficiently small that it makes it very difficult to receive a dangerous shock. Even 100 mA is
a relatively small figure when compared to the current that may flow in an earth fault without such
protection (hundred of amps)
A 300/500 mA RCCB may be used where only fire protection is required. eg., on lighting circuits,
where the risk of electric shock is small.
Limitation of RCCB
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ELCB (Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker)
Characteristics
RCBO (Residual Circuit Breaker with
OverLoad)
It is possible to get a combined MCB and RCCB in one device (Residual Current Breaker with
Overload RCBO), the principals are the same, but more styles of disconnection are fitted into
one package
Difference between ELCB and RCCB
ELCB is the old name and often refers to voltage operated devices that are no longer available
and it is advised you replace them if you find one.
RCCB or RCD is the new name that specifies current operated (hence the new name to
distinguish from voltage operated).
The new RCCB is best because it will detect any earth fault. The voltage type only detects earth
faults that flow back through the main earth wire so this is why they stopped being used.
The easy way to tell an old voltage operated trip is to look for the main earth wire connected
through it.
RCCB will only have the line and neutral connections.
ELCB is working based on Earth leakage current. But RCCB is not having sensing or
connectivity of Earth, because fundamentally Phase current is equal to the neutral current in
single phase. That’s why RCCB can trip when the both currents are deferent and it withstand up
to both the currents are same. Both the neutral and phase currents are different that means
current is flowing through the Earth.
Finally both are working for same, but the thing is connectivity is difference.
RCD does not necessarily require an earth connection itself (it monitors only the live and
neutral).In addition it detects current flows to earth even in equipment without an earth of its
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own.
This means that an RCD will continue to give shock protection in equipment that has a faulty
earth. It is these properties that have made the RCD more popular than its rivals. For example,
earth-leakage circuit breakers (ELCBs) were widely used about ten years ago. These devices
measured the voltage on the earth conductor; if this voltage was not zero this indicated a current
leakage to earth. The problem is that ELCBs need a sound earth connection, as does the
equipment it protects. As a result, the use of ELCBs is no longer recommended.
MCB Selection
The first characteristic is the overload which is intended to prevent the accidental overloading of
the cable in a no fault situation. The speed of the MCB tripping will vary with the degree of the
overload. This is usually achieved by the use of a thermal device in the MCB.
The second characteristic is the magnetic fault protection, which is intended to operate when the
fault reaches a predetermined level and to trip the MCB within one tenth of a second. The level
of this magnetic trip gives the MCB its type characteristic as follows:
Fuse and MCB characteristics
Fuses and MCBs are rated in amps. The amp rating given on the fuse or MCB body is the
amount of current it will pass continuously. This is normally called the rated current or nominal
current.
Many people think that if the current exceeds the nominal current, the device will trip, instantly.
So if the rating is 30 amps, a current of 30.00001 amps will trip it, right? This is not true.
The fuse and the MCB, even though their nominal currents are similar, have very different
properties.
For example, For 32Amp MCB and 30 Amp Fuse, to be sure of tripping in 0.1 seconds, the
MCB requires a current of 128 amps, while the fuse requires 300 amps.
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The fuse clearly requires more current to blow it in that time, but notice how much bigger both
these currents are than the ’30 amps’ marked current rating.
There is a small likelihood that in the course of, say, a month, a 30-amp fuse will trip when
carrying 30 amps. If the fuse has had a couple of overloads before (which may not even have
been noticed) this is much more likely. This explains why fuses can sometimes ‘blow’ for no
obvious reason
If the fuse is marked ’30 amps’, but it will actually stand 40 amps for over an hour, how can we
justify calling it a ’30 amp’ fuse? The answer is that the overload characteristics of fuses are
designed to match the properties of modern cables. For example, a modern PVC-insulated cable
will stand a 50% overload for an hour, so it seems reasonable that the fuse should as well.
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Jignesh Parmar
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