Mark Scheme (Results)

January 2008

GCE

GCE Mathematics (6666/01)

Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales No. 4496750

1
Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London WC1V 7BH
 January 2008
6666 Core Mathematics C4
Mark Scheme
Question
Number
Scheme Marks

x 0 π
4
π
2
3π
4 π
1. (a)
y 0 1.844321332… 4.810477381… 8.87207 0

awrt 1.84432 B1
awrt 4.81048 or 4.81047 B1
0 can be [2]
implied
Outside brackets
awrt 0.39 or 12 × awrt 0.79 B1
1
2
× π4 or π8
1 π For structure of trapezium
(b)
2 4
{
Area ≈ × ;× 0 + 2 (1.84432 + 4.81048 + 8.87207 ) + 0} rule {.............} ; M1
Way 1
Correct expression
inside brackets which all must
be multiplied by their “outside A1
constant”.

π
= × 31.05374... = 12.19477518... = 12.1948 (4dp) 12.1948 A1 cao
8
[4]

π
(or awrt 0.79 ) and a divisor
{ }
4
0 + 1.84432 1.84432 + 4.81048 4.81048 + 8.87207 8.87207 + 0
Area ≈ π4 × 2
+ 2
+ 2
+ 2 of 2 on all terms inside B1
brackets.
Aliter One of first and last ordinates,
(b) which is equivalent to: two of the middle ordinates M1
Way 2 inside brackets ignoring the 2.
1 π Correct expression inside
2 4
{
Area ≈ × ;× 0 + 2 (1.84432 + 4.81048 + 8.87207 ) + 0} brackets if 12 was to be A1
factorised out.

π
= × 15.52687... = 12.19477518... = 12.1948 (4dp) 12.1948 A1 cao
4
[4]

6 marks

1 π
Note an expression like Area ≈ × + 2 (1.84432 + 4.81048 + 8.87207 ) would score B1M1A0A0
2 4

2
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
** represents a constant
(which must be consistent for first accuracy mark)
1 1 Takes 8 outside the
⎛ 3x ⎞ 3 ⎛ 3x ⎞ 3 bracket to give any of B1
(8 − 3x ) = ( 8 ) ⎜1 − ⎟ = 2 ⎜1 − ⎟
1 1
2. (a) 3 3

⎝ 8 ⎠ ⎝ 8 ⎠ 1
(8) 3 or 2 .

⎧ ( 1 )(− 23 )
= 2 ⎨1 + ( 13 )(** x); + 3
⎩ 2!
with ** ≠ 1
1
Expands (1 + ** x) 3 to
give a simplified or an M1;
un-simplified
1 + ( 13 )(** x) ;
( 1 )( − 23 )( − 53 ) ⎫
(** x) 2 + 3 (** x)3 + ...⎬ A correct simplified or an
3! ⎭ un-simplified
{..........} expansion with A1
candidate’s followed
through (** x )

⎧ ( 1 )(− 32 ) 3 x 2 ( 13 )(− 23 )(− 53 ) 3 x 3 ⎫ Award SC M1 if you see

= 2 ⎨1 + ( 13 )(− 38x ) + 3 (− 8 ) + (− 8 ) + ...⎬ ( 13 )(− 32 ) ( 1 )(− 32 )(− 53 )
2! 3! (** x) 2 + 3 (** x)3
⎩ ⎭ 2! 3!

= 2{1 − 18 x ; − 1
64 x2 − 5
1536 x 3 − ...} Either 2{1 − 18 x ........} or
anything that A1;
1 1 2 5 3 cancels to 2 − 1 x ;
= 2 − x; − x − x − ... 4
4 32 768
Simplified − 1
32
x −
2 5
768
x3 A1
[5]

Attempt to substitute
1 1 1 5
(b) (7.7) 3 ≈ 2 − (0.1) − (0.1) 2 − (0.1)3 − ... x = 0.1 into a candidate’s M1
4 32 768 binomial expansion.

= 2 − 0.025 − 0.0003125 − 0.0000065104166...

= 1.97468099... awrt 1.9746810 A1

[2]

7 marks

You would award B1M1A0 for

If you see the constant term “2” in a
⎧ ( 1 )(− 2 ) (1 )(− 2 )(− 5 ) ⎫ candidate’s final binomial expansion,
= 2⎨1 +(13)(− 38x ) + 3 3 (− 38x )2 + 3 3 3 (−3x)3 + ...⎬
⎩ 2! 3! ⎭ then you can award B1.
because ** is not consistent.

Be wary of calculator value of ( 7.7 ) 3 = 1.974680822...

1

3
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
Aliter
1
2. (a) (8 − 3 x) 3
Way 2
1
2 or (8) 3 (See note ↓ ) B1
1
Expands (8 − 3 x) 3 to give
⎧ 1 −2 ( 1 )(− 32 ) − 53 ⎫ an un-simplified or
⎪(8) 3 + ( 13 )(8) 3 (** x); + 3 (8) (** x) 2 ⎪ M1;
⎪ 2! ⎪ simplified
=⎨ ⎬ 1 −2
⎪ ( 1 )( − 23 )(− 53 ) − 83 (8) 3 + ( 13 )(8) 3 (** x);
+ 3 (8) (** x)3 + ...⎪
⎪⎩ 3! ⎪⎭ A correct un-simplified
or simplified
with ** ≠ 1 {..........} expansion with A1
candidate’s followed
through (** x )

⎧ 1 ( 1 )(− 23 ) − 53 ⎫
−2
⎪(8) 3 + ( 13 )(8) 3 (−3x); + 3 (8) (−3x) 2 ⎪ Award SC M1 if you see
⎪ 2! ⎪ ( 13 )(− 23 ) − 53
=⎨ ⎬ 2!
(8) (** x) 2

⎪ ( 13 )(− 32 )(− 53 ) − 83
(8) (−3x) + ...⎪
( 1 )(− 32 )(− 35 ) − 83
+ 3
+ 3 (8) (** x)3
⎪⎩ 3! ⎪⎭ 3!

= {2 + ( 13 )( 14 )(−3x) + (− 91 )( 321 )(9 x 2 ) + ( 815 )( 256

1
)(−27 x 3 ) + ...}

Anything that
cancels to 2 − 1 x ;
1 1 2 5 3 4 A1;
=2− x; − x − x − ...
4 32 768 or 2{1 − x ........}
1
8

Simplified − 321 x 2 − 5
768
x3 A1
[5]

Attempts using Maclaurin expansion should be escalated up to your team leader.

If you see the constant term “2” in a

Be wary of calculator value of ( 7.7 ) 3 = 1.974680822...
1
candidate’s final binomial expansion,
then you can award B1.

4
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

Use of V = π ∫ y 2 dx .
2
⎛ 1 ⎞
b b
1
3. Volume = π
∫ ⎜ ⎟ dx = π
a ⎝ 2x + 1 ⎠ ∫
a ( 2 x + 1)
2
dx
Can be implied. Ignore limits.
B1

∫ ( 2 x + 1)
−2
=π dx
a

b
⎡ (2 x + 1) −1 ⎤
= (π ) ⎢ ⎥
⎣ (−1)(2) ⎦ a

b Integrating to give ± p (2 x + 1) −1 M1
= (π ) ⎡⎣ − 12 (2 x + 1) −1 ⎤⎦
a − 12 (2 x + 1) −1 A1

⎡⎛ −1 ⎞ ⎛ −1 ⎞ ⎤ Substitutes limits of b and a and

= ( π ) ⎢⎜ ⎟−⎜ ⎟⎥ dM1
⎣⎝ 2(2b + 1) ⎠ ⎝ 2(2a + 1) ⎠ ⎦ subtracts the correct way round.

π ⎡ −2a − 1 + 2b + 1 ⎤
=
2 ⎢⎣ (2a + 1)(2b + 1) ⎥⎦

π⎡ 2(b − a ) ⎤
= ⎢ ⎥
2 ⎣ (2a + 1)(2b + 1) ⎦

π (b − a ) π (b − a )
= A1 aef
(2a + 1)(2b + 1) (2a + 1)(2b + 1)
[5]

5 marks

Allow other equivalent forms such as

πb −πa −π (a − b) π (b − a) πb −πa
or or or .
(2a + 1)(2b + 1) (2a + 1)(2b + 1) 4ab + 2a + 2b + 1 4ab + 2a + 2b + 1

Note that π is not required for the middle

three marks of this question.

5
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

Aliter ⎛ 1 ⎞
b 2 b
1 Use of V = π ∫ y 2 dx .
3.
Way 2
Volume = π
∫ ⎜ ⎟ dx = π
a ⎝ 2x + 1 ⎠ ∫a ( 2 x + 1)
2
dx
Can be implied. Ignore limits.
B1

∫ ( 2 x + 1)
−2
= π dx
a

Applying substitution u = 2 x + 1 ⇒ ddux = 2 and changing

limits x → u so that a → 2a + 1 and b → 2b + 1 , gives

2 b +1
u −2
= (π )
∫ 2 a +1 2
du

2b + 1
⎡ u −1 ⎤
= (π ) ⎢ ⎥
⎣ (−1)(2) ⎦ 2 a + 1

2b + 1 Integrating to give ± p u −1 M1
= (π ) ⎡⎣ − u 1
2
−1
⎤
⎦ 2a + 1 −1
− u1
2 A1

⎡⎛ −1 ⎞ ⎛ −1 ⎞ ⎤ Substitutes limits of 2b + 1 and

= ( π ) ⎢⎜ ⎟−⎜ ⎟⎥ 2a + 1 and subtracts the correct dM1
⎣⎝ 2(2b + 1) ⎠ ⎝ 2(2a + 1) ⎠ ⎦ way round.

π ⎡ −2a − 1 + 2b + 1 ⎤
=
2 ⎢⎣ (2a + 1)(2b + 1) ⎥⎦

π⎡ 2(b − a ) ⎤
=
2 ⎣ (2a + 1)(2b + 1) ⎥⎦
⎢

π (b − a ) π (b − a )
= A1 aef
(2a + 1)(2b + 1) (2a + 1)(2b + 1)
[5]

5 marks

Note that π is not required for the middle

three marks of this question.

Allow other equivalent forms such as

πb −πa −π (a − b) π (b − a) πb −πa
or or or .
(2a + 1)(2b + 1) (2a + 1)(2b + 1) 4ab + 2a + 2b + 1 4ab + 2a + 2b + 1

6
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

⎧ du 1
⎫
⎪⎪u = ln ( 2 ) ⇒ = = 1x ⎪
x 2

dx x
⎪
4. (i) ∫ ln ( x
2 ) dx =
∫ 1.ln ( 2x ) dx ⇒ ⎨
⎪ dv = 1 ⇒ v =x
2
⎬
⎪
⎪⎩ dx ⎪⎭

Use of ‘integration by parts’

∫ ln ( ) − ∫ x. formula in the correct M1

x
2 ) dx = x ln ( x
2
1
x dx
direction.
Correct expression. A1

∫
An attempt to multiply x by a
= x ln ( 2x ) − 1 dx
candidate’s ax or bx1 or 1x . dM1

= x ln ( 2x ) − x + c Correct integration with + c A1 aef

[4]
π

∫
2

(ii) sin 2 x dx
π
4

Consideration of double angle

⎡ NB : cos 2 x = ±1 ± 2sin 2 x or sin 2 x =
⎣
1
2 ( ±1 ± cos 2 x ) ⎤
⎦ formula for cos 2x
M1

π π
1 − cos 2 x 1
∫ ∫ (1 − cos 2 x ) dx
2 2
= dx =
π
4
2 2 π
4

Integrating to give
1⎡ π
± ax ± b sin 2 x ; a , b ≠ 0 dM1
= x − 12 sin 2 x ⎤⎦ π
2

2 ⎣ 4
Correct result of anything
equivalent to 12 x − 14 sin 2 x A1

= 12 ⎡
⎢⎣ ( π
2 )
− sin(2π ) − ( π
4
−
sin
2 )⎥⎦
( π2 ) ⎤
Substitutes limits of π2 and π4
and subtracts the correct way ddM1
round.
= 12 ⎡⎣ ( π2 − 0) − ( π4 − 12 ) ⎤⎦

= 1
2 ( π4 + 12 ) = π8 + 14 1
2 ( π4 + 12 ) or π
8
+ 14 or π
8
+ 82 A1 aef ,
cso
Candidate must collect their [5]
π term and constant term
together for A1
No fluked answers, hence cso.
9 marks

+ 14 = 0.64269...
∫ ∫ ( their v ).( their ddux ) dx
π
Note: ln ( 2x ) dx = (their v)ln ( 2x ) − for M1 in part (i). Note 8

7
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
Aliter

∫ ln ( ∫ ( ln x − ln 2) dx = ∫ ln x dx − ∫ ln 2 dx
4. (i)
Way 2
x
2 ) dx =

⎧ du 1 ⎫
⎪⎪u = ln x ⇒ =
dx x ⎪⎪
∫ ln x dx = ∫ 1.ln x dx ⇒ ⎨
⎪ dv = 1 ⇒ v =x ⎪
⎬

⎩⎪ dx ⎭⎪

∫ ln x dx = x ln x − ∫ x.
Use of ‘integration by parts’
1
dx
x
formula in the correct M1
direction.

= x ln x − x + c Correct integration of ln x
A1
with or without + c

∫ ln 2 dx = x ln 2 + c
Correct integration of ln 2
M1
with or without + c

Hence,
∫ ln ( x
2 ) dx = x ln x − x − x ln 2 + c Correct integration with + c A1 aef
[4]

Note:
∫ ln x dx = ( their v ) ln x − ∫ ( their v ).( their du
dx ) dx for M1 in part (i).

8
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
Aliter

∫ ln (
4. (i)
Way 3
x
2 ) dx

du 1
u= x
2
⇒ =
dx 2

Applying substitution
correctly to give

∫ ln ( x
2 ) dx ∫
= 2 ln u du
∫ ln ( x
2 ) dx ∫
= 2 ln u du
Decide to award
2nd M1 here!

∫ ln u dx = ∫1.ln u du
Use of ‘integration by parts’
∫ ln u dx = u ln u − u. u1 du
∫ formula in the correct M1
direction.

= u ln u − u + c Correct integration of ln u
A1
with or without + c

Decide to award
M1
2nd M1 here!

∫ ln ( x
2 ) dx = 2 ( u ln u − u ) + c

Hence,
∫ ln ( x
2 ) dx = x ln ( 2x ) − x + c Correct integration with + c A1 aef
[4]

9
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
Aliter
π π

∫ ∫ ∫
4. (ii) 2
sin x dx = 2
2
sin x.sin x dx and I = sin 2 x dx
Way 2 π
4
π
4

⎪⎧u = sin x ⇒ dx = cos x ⎪⎫

du

⎨ dv ⎬
⎪⎩ dx = sin x ⇒ v = − cos x ⎪⎭

{
∴ I = − sin x cos x + cos 2 x dx
∫ } An attempt to use the correct
by parts formula.
M1

∴ I = − sin x cos x +{ ∫ (1 − sin

2
x ) dx}
∫ sin
2
{ ∫
x dx = − sin x cos x + 1 dx − sin 2 x dx
∫ }
∫ {
2 sin 2 x dx = − sin x cos x + 1 dx
∫ } For the LHS becoming 2I dM1

∫
2 sin 2 x dx = {− sin x cos x + x}

∫ sin
2
{
x dx = − 12 sin x cos x + x
2 } Correct integration A1

( ) − (− )⎤⎥⎦
π

∫ sin 2 x dx = ⎡ − 12 sin( π2 )cos( π2 ) + Substitutes limits of π2 and π4

2 ( π2 ) ( π4 )
∴ 1
sin( π4 ) cos( π4 ) +
⎢⎣ 2 2 2
and subtracts the correct way ddM1
π
4

= ⎡⎣(0 + π4 ) − (− 14 + π8 ) ⎤⎦ round.

= π8 + 14 1
2 ( π4 + 12 ) or π
8
+ 14 or π
8
+ 82 A1 aef
cso
Candidate must collect their [5]
π term and constant term
together for A1
No fluked answers, hence cso.

Note π
8
+ 14 = 0.64269...

10
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

5. (a) x 3 − 4 y 2 = 12 xy ( eqn ∗ )

x = −8 ⇒ − 512 − 4 y 2 = 12(−8) y Substitutes x = −8 (at least once) into * to

obtain a three term quadratic in y . M1
− 512 − 4 y 2 = − 96 y
Condone the loss of = 0.

4 y 2 − 96 y + 512 = 0
y 2 − 24 y + 128 = 0

( y − 16)( y − 8) = 0
An attempt to solve the quadratic in y by
either factorising or by the formula or by dM1
24 ± 576 − 4(128) completing the square.
y=
2

Both y = 16 and y = 8.
y = 16 or y = 8. A1
or ( −8, 8 ) and ( −8, 16 ).
[3]

Differentiates implicitly to include either

M1
⎧ dy ⎫ dy ⎛ dy ⎞ ± ky ddyx or 12 x ddyx . Ignore ddyx = ...
(b) ⎨ = ⎬ 3x 2 − 8 y ; = ⎜ 12 y + 12 x ⎟
⎩ dx ⎭ dx ⎝ dx ⎠ Correct LHS equation; A1;
Correct application of product rule (B1)

⎧ dy 3x 2 − 12 y ⎫
⎨ = ⎬ not necessarily required.
⎩ dx 12 x + 8 y ⎭

dy 3(64) − 12(8) 96 Substitutes x = −8 and at least one of their

@ ( −8, 8 ) , = = = − 3, dM1
dx 12(−8) + 8(8) −32 y-values to attempt to find any one of ddyx .
dy 3(64) − 12(16) 0 One gradient found. A1
@ ( −8, 16 ) , = = = 0.
dx 12(−8) + 8(16) 32 Both gradients of -3 and 0 correctly found. A1 cso
[6]

9 marks

11
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

Differentiates implicitly to include either

Aliter ⎧⎪ dx ⎫⎪ dx ⎛ dx ⎞ ± kx 2 ddyx or 12 y ddyx . Ignore ddxy = ... M1
5. (b) ⎨ = ⎬ 3x 2 − 8 y ; = ⎜12 y + 12 x ⎟
⎪⎩ dy ⎪⎭ dy ⎜ dy ⎟ Correct LHS equation A1;
Way 2 ⎝ ⎠
Correct application of product rule (B1)

⎧ dy 3x 2 − 12 y ⎫
⎨ = ⎬ not necessarily required.
⎩ dx 12 x + 8 y ⎭

Substitutes x = −8 and at least one of their

dy 3(64) − 12(8) 96
@ ( −8, 8 ) , = = = − 3, y-values to attempt to find any dM1
dx 12(−8) + 8(8) −32 one of ddyx or ddxy .
dy 3(64) − 12(16) 0
@ ( −8, 16 ) , = = = 0. One gradient found. A1
dx 12(−8) + 8(16) 32
Both gradients of -3 and 0 correctly found. A1 cso
[6]

12
Question
Scheme Marks
Number
Aliter
5. (b) x 3 − 4 y 2 = 12 xy ( eqn ∗ )
Way 3
4 y 2 +12 xy − x3 = 0

−12 x ± 144 x 2 − 4(4)(− x 3 )

y=
8

−12 x ± 144 x 2 + 16 x 3
y=
8

−12 x ± 4 9 x 2 + x 3
y=
8

(9x + x3 )
1

y = − 32 x ± 2
1 2
2

A credible attempt to make y the subject

and an attempt to differentiate either − 32 x
dy
( 12 ) ( 9 x 2 + x3 ) ; (18 x + 3x 2 ) M1
− 12
= − 32 ± 1

(9x )
1
2
dx or 2
+x 3
.
1 2
2

dy
= − 32 ± k ( 9 x 2 + x3 ) ( g( x) )
− 12
dy 3 18 x + 3x 2 A1
=− ± 1 dx
dx 2 4(9 x 2 + x3 ) 2
dy
( 12 ) ( 9 x 2 + x3 ) ; (18 x + 3x 2 )
− 12
= − 32 ± 1
2 A1
dx

dy 3 18(−8) + 3(64)
@ x = −8 =− ± 1 Substitutes x = −8 find any one of dy
. dM1
dx 2 4(9(64) + ( −512)) 2 dx

3 48 3 48
=− ± =− ±
2 4 (64) 2 32

dy 3 3 One gradient correctly found. A1

∴ = − ± = −3, 0.
dx 2 2 Both gradients of -3 and 0 correctly found. A1
[6]

13
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

⎛2⎞ ⎛ 3⎞
uuur ⎜ ⎟ uuur ⎜ ⎟
6. (a) OA = ⎜ 6 ⎟ & OB = ⎜ 4 ⎟
⎜ −1⎟ ⎜1⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

⎛ 3⎞ ⎛ 2 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞ Finding the difference

uuur uuur uuur ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ uuur uuur M1 ±
AB = OB − OA = ⎜ 4 ⎟ − ⎜ 6 ⎟ = ⎜ −2 ⎟ between OB and OA .
⎜ 1 ⎟ ⎜ −1⎟ ⎜ 2 ⎟ Correct answer. A1
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
[2]
An expression of the form
⎛2⎞ ⎛1⎞ ⎛ 3⎞ ⎛1⎞ ( vector ) ± λ ( vector )
M1
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ uuur uuur
l1 : r = ⎜ 6 ⎟ + λ ⎜ −2 ⎟ or
⎜ −1⎟ ⎜ 2⎟
r = ⎜ 4 ⎟ + λ ⎜ −2 ⎟
⎜1⎟ ⎜ 2⎟
(
r = OA ± λ their AB or )
uuur uuur
(b)
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
(
r = OB ± λ their AB or )
uuur uuur A1
⎛2⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎛ −1 ⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎛ 3⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎛ −1 ⎞
⎜ ⎟
(
r = OA ± λ their BA or aef)
uuur uuur
l1 : r = ⎜ 6 ⎟ + λ ⎜ 2 ⎟ or
⎜ −1⎟ ⎜ −2 ⎟
r = ⎜ 4⎟ +λ ⎜ 2 ⎟
⎜1⎟ ⎜ −2 ⎟ (
r = OB ± λ their BA )
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ( r is needed.)
[2]
⎛ 0⎞ ⎛1⎞ ⎛1⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
(c) l2 : r = ⎜ 0 ⎟ + µ ⎜ 0 ⎟ ⇒ r = µ ⎜0⎟
⎜ 0⎟ ⎜1⎟ ⎜1⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
uuur
AB = d 1 = i − 2 j + 2k , d 2 = i + 0 j + k & θ is angle

⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛1⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
uuur ⎜ −2 ⎟ • ⎜ 0 ⎟ Considers dot product
uuur
⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎜1⎟
AB • d 2 ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ between d 2 and their AB. M1
cos θ = =
( ) ( )
uuur
AB . d 2 (1) 2 + (−2) 2 + (2) 2 . (1) 2 + (0) 2 + (1) 2

1+ 0 + 2 Correct followed through

cos θ =
(1) + (−2) + (2) 2 . (1) 2 + (0) 2 + (1) 2
2 2
expression or equation. A1

3
cos θ = ⇒ θ = 45o or π
4
or awrt 0.79. θ = 45o or π
4
or awrt 0.79 A1 cao
3. 2
[3]

This means that cosθ does not

necessarily have to be the subject of
the equation. It could be of the form
3 2 cos θ = 3.

14
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

⎛2⎞ ⎛1⎞ ⎛1⎞

⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
6. (d) If l1 and l2 intersect then: ⎜ 6 ⎟ + λ ⎜ −2 ⎟ = µ ⎜ 0 ⎟
⎜ −1⎟ ⎜ 2⎟ ⎜1⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

i: 2 + λ =µ (1) Either seeing equation (2) written

j : 6 − 2λ = 0 (2) down correctly with or without any
other equation or seeing equations M1
k : − 1 + 2λ = µ (3) (1) and (3) written down correctly.

Attempt to solve either equation (2)

(2) yields λ = 3 or simultaneously solve any two of dM1
the three equations to find …
Any two yields λ = 3, µ = 5
either one of λ or µ correct. A1

⎛ 5⎞
⎛2⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 5⎞ ⎛1⎞ ⎛ 5⎞ ⎜ ⎟
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ 0 ⎟ or 5i + 5k
l1 : r = ⎜ 6 ⎟ + 3 ⎜ −2 ⎟ = ⎜ 0 ⎟ or r = 5 ⎜ 0 ⎟ = ⎜ 0 ⎟ ⎜ 5⎟ A1 cso
⎝ ⎠
⎜ −1⎟ ⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎜ 5⎟ ⎜1⎟ ⎜ 5⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ Fully correct solution & no incorrect
values of λ or µ seen earlier.
[4]

Aliter ⎛ 3⎞ ⎛1⎞ ⎛1⎞

⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
6. (d) If l1 and l2 intersect then: ⎜ 4 ⎟ + λ ⎜ −2 ⎟ = µ ⎜ 0 ⎟
Way 2 ⎜1⎟ ⎜ 2⎟ ⎜1⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

i: 3 + λ =µ (1) Either seeing equation (2) written

j : 4 − 2λ = 0 (2) down correctly with or without any
other equation or seeing equations M1
k : 1 + 2λ = µ (3) (1) and (3) written down correctly.

(2) yields λ = 2 Attempt to solve either equation (2)

or simultaneously solve any two of dM1
Any two yields λ = 2, µ = 5 the three equations to find …
either one of λ or µ correct. A1

⎛ 5⎞
⎛ 3⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛5⎞ ⎛1⎞ ⎛ 5⎞ ⎜ ⎟
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ 0 ⎟ or 5i + 5k
l1 : r = ⎜ 4 ⎟ + 2 ⎜ −2 ⎟ = ⎜ 0 ⎟ or r = 5 ⎜ 0 ⎟ = ⎜ 0 ⎟ ⎜ 5⎟ A1 cso
⎝ ⎠
⎜1⎟ ⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎜5⎟ ⎜1⎟ ⎜ 5⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ Fully correct solution & no incorrect
values of λ or µ seen earlier.
[4]

11 marks
Note: Be careful! λ and µ are not defined in the question, so a candidate could interchange these or use different scalar
parameters.

15
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

Aliter ⎛2⎞ ⎛ −1 ⎞ ⎛1⎞

⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
6. (d) If l1 and l2 intersect then: ⎜ 6 ⎟ + λ ⎜ 2 ⎟ = µ ⎜ 0 ⎟
Way 3 ⎜ −1⎟ ⎜ −2 ⎟ ⎜1⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

i: 2 − λ =µ (1) Either seeing equation (2) written

j : 6 + 2λ = 0 (2) down correctly with or without any
other equation or seeing equations M1
k : − 1 − 2λ = µ (3) (1) and (3) written down correctly.

Attempt to solve either equation (2)

(2) yields λ = −3 or simultaneously solve any two of dM1
the three equations to find …
Any two yields λ = −3, µ = 5
either one of λ or µ correct. A1

⎛ 5⎞
⎛2⎞ ⎛ −1 ⎞ ⎛ 5 ⎞ ⎛1⎞ ⎛ 5⎞ ⎜ ⎟
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ 0 ⎟ or 5i + 5k
l1 : r = ⎜ 6 ⎟ − 3 ⎜ 2 ⎟ = ⎜ 0 ⎟ or r = 5 ⎜ 0 ⎟ = ⎜ 0 ⎟ ⎜ 5⎟ A1 cso
⎝ ⎠
⎜ −1⎟ ⎜ −2 ⎟ ⎜ 5 ⎟ ⎜1⎟ ⎜ 5⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ Fully correct solution & no incorrect
values of λ or µ seen earlier.
[4]

Aliter ⎛ 3⎞ ⎛ −1 ⎞ ⎛1⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
6. (d) If l1 and l2 intersect then: ⎜ 4 ⎟ + λ ⎜ 2 ⎟ = µ ⎜ 0 ⎟
Way 4 ⎜1⎟ ⎜ −2 ⎟ ⎜1⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

i: 3 − λ =µ (1) Either seeing equation (2) written

j : 4 + 2λ = 0 (2) down correctly with or without any
other equation or seeing equations M1
k : 1 − 2λ = µ (3) (1) and (3) written down correctly.

(2) yields λ = −2 Attempt to solve either equation (2)

or simultaneously solve any two of dM1
Any two yields λ = −2, µ = 5 the three equations to find …
either one of λ or µ correct. A1

⎛ 5⎞
⎛ 3⎞ ⎛ −1 ⎞ ⎛ 5 ⎞ ⎛1⎞ ⎛ 5⎞ ⎜ ⎟
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ 0 ⎟ or 5i + 5k
l1 : r = ⎜ 4 ⎟ − 2 ⎜ 2 ⎟ = ⎜ 0 ⎟ or r = 5 ⎜ 0 ⎟ = ⎜ 0 ⎟ ⎜ 5⎟ A1 cso
⎝ ⎠
⎜1⎟ ⎜ −2 ⎟ ⎜ 5 ⎟ ⎜1⎟ ⎜ 5⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ Fully correct solution & no incorrect
values of λ or µ seen earlier.
[4]

11 marks

16
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

⎡ 1 ⎤ dx 1 dx 1
7. (a) ⎢ x = ln ( t + 2 ) , y = t + 1 ⎥ , ⇒ =
dt t + 2
Must state =
dt t + 2
B1
⎣ ⎦

1
ln 4
1 2
⎛ 1 ⎞⎛ 1 ⎞
Area =
∫ t + 1 dx . M1;
Area( R) =
∫ ln 2 t +1
dx ; =
∫ 0
⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟ dt
⎝ t + 1 ⎠⎝ t + 2 ⎠ ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞
Ignore limits.

∫ ⎜⎝ t + 1 ⎟⎠ × ⎜⎝ t + 2 ⎟⎠ dt . Ignore limits. A1 AG

Changing limits, when:

x = ln 2 ⇒ ln 2 = ln(t + 2) ⇒ 2 = t + 2 ⇒ t = 0 changes limits x → t
B1
so that ln 2 → 0 and ln 4 → 2
x = ln 4 ⇒ ln 4 = ln(t + 2) ⇒ 4 = t + 2 ⇒ t = 2

2
1
Hence, Area( R ) =
∫ 0 (t + 1)(t + 2)
dt

[4]

⎛ 1 ⎞ A B A B
(b) ⎜ ⎟= + + with A and B found M1
⎝ (t + 1)(t + 2) ⎠ (t + 1) (t + 2) (t + 1) (t + 2)

1 = A(t + 2) + B(t + 1)

Let t = −1, 1 = A (1) ⇒ A =1 Finds both A and B correctly.

Can be implied. A1
Let t = −2, 1 = B ( −1) ⇒ B = − 1 (See note below)

2
1 2
1 1
∫ 0 (t + 1)(t + 2)
dt =
∫ 0 (t + 1)
−
(t + 2)
dt

Either ± a ln(t + 1) or ± b ln(t + 2) dM1

= [ ln(t + 1) − ln(t + 2) ] 0
2

Both ln terms correctly ft. A1

= ( ln 3 − ln 4 ) − ( ln1 − ln 2 ) Substitutes both limits of 2 and 0

ddM1
and subtracts the correct way round.

ln 3 − ln 4 + ln 2 or ln ( 34 ) − ln ( 12 )
= ln 3 − ln 4 + ln 2 = ln 3 − ln 2 = ln ( 3
) A1 aef isw
or ln 3 − ln 2 or ln ( 32 )
2

(must deal with ln 1) [6]

1 1 1
Takes out brackets. Writing down = + means first M1A0 in (b).
(t + 1)(t + 2) (t + 1) (t + 2)

1 1 1
Writing down = − means first M1A1 in (b).
(t + 1)(t + 2) (t + 1) (t + 2)

17
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

1
x = ln ( t + 2 ) , y=
t +1

Attempt to make t =… the subject M1

7. (c) ex = t + 2 ⇒ t = ex − 2
giving t = e x − 2 A1

Eliminates t by substituting in y dM1

1 1
y= ⇒ y= x 1
e − 2 +1
x
e −1 giving y = x A1
e −1
[4]

1 1 1− y
t +1 = ⇒ t = −1 or t = Attempt to make t =… the subject M1
Aliter y y y
7. (c)
1− y 1 1− y
Way 2 y (t + 1) = 1 ⇒ yt + y = 1 ⇒ yt = 1 − y ⇒ t = Giving either t = −1 or t = A1
y y y

⎛1 ⎞ ⎛1− y ⎞
x = ln ⎜ − 1 + 2 ⎟ or x = ln ⎜ + 2⎟ Eliminates t by substituting in x dM1
⎝y ⎠ ⎝ y ⎠

⎛1 ⎞
x = ln ⎜ + 1⎟
⎝y ⎠

1
ex = +1
y

1
ex − 1 =
y

1 1
y= giving y = A1
e −1
x
e −1
x

[4]

(d) Domain : x > 0 x > 0 or just > 0 B1

[1]

15 marks

18
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

Aliter Attempt to make t + 1 = … the subject M1

7. (c) e x = t + 2 ⇒ t + 1 = e x −1
giving t + 1 = e x −1 A1
Way 3

Eliminates t by substituting in y dM1

1 1
y= ⇒ y= x 1
t +1 e −1 giving y = x A1
e −1
[4]

Aliter Attempt to make t + 2 =… the subject M1

1 1 1+ y
7. (c) t +1 = ⇒ t + 2 = + 1 or t + 2 = 1 1+ y
y y y Either t + 2 = + 1 or t + 2 = A1
Way 4 y y

⎛1 ⎞ ⎛1+ y ⎞
x = ln ⎜ + 1⎟ or x = ln ⎜ ⎟ Eliminates t by substituting in x dM1
⎝y ⎠ ⎝ y ⎠

⎛1 ⎞
x = ln ⎜ + 1⎟
⎝y ⎠

1 1
ex = +1 ⇒ ex − 1 =
y y

1 1
y= giving y = A1
e −1
x
e −1
x

[4]

19
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

dV dV
8. (a) = 1600 − c h or = 1600 − k h , Either of these statements M1
dt dt

dV dV dh 1
(V = 4000h ⇒) = 4000 = 4000 or = M1
dh dh dV 4000
dV
dh dh dV
= × = dt

dt dV dt dV
dh

dh 1600 − c h 1600 c h
Either, = = − = 0.4 − k h
dt 4000 4000 4000
dh
Convincing proof of A1 AG
dt
dh 1600 − k h 1600 k h
or = = − = 0.4 − k h
dt 4000 4000 4000
[3]

dV
(b) When h = 25 water leaks out such that = 400
dt

400 = c h ⇒ 400 = c 25 ⇒ 400 = c(5) ⇒ c = 80

c 80
From above; k = = = 0.02 as required Proof that k = 0.02 B1 AG
4000 4000
[1]
Aliter
(b) 400 = 4000k h
Way 2
⇒ 400 = 4000k 25
Using 400, 4000 and h = 25
⇒ 400 = k (20000) ⇒ k = 400
20000
= 0.02 or h = 5 . Proof that k = 0.02 B1 AG
[1]

Separates the variables with

dh dh dh
(c)
dt
= 0.4 − k h ⇒
∫ 0.4 − k h ∫
= dt
∫ 0.4 − k h ∫
and dt on either side M1 oe

with integral signs not necessary.

100
1 ÷ 0.02
∴ time required =
∫0 0.4 − 0.02 h
dh
÷ 0.02

100
50
time required =
∫ 0 20 − h
dh Correct proof A1 AG
[2]

20
Question
Scheme Marks
Number

100
50
8. (d) ∫0 20 − h
dh with substitution h = (20 − x) 2

dh dh dh
= 2(20 − x)(−1) or = − 2(20 − x) Correct B1 aef
dx dx dx

h = (20 − x) 2 ⇒ h = 20 − x ⇒ x = 20 − h
20 − x
50 50
±λ
∫ dx or
∫ 20 − h
dh =
∫ x
. − 2(20 − x) dx x
20 − x
M1
±λ
∫20 − (20 − x)
dx

where λ is a constant
x − 20
= 100
∫ x
dx

⎛ 20 ⎞
⎝ ∫
= 100 ⎜ 1 − ⎟ dx
x ⎠

± α x ± β ln x ; α , β ≠ 0 M1
= 100 ( x − 20ln x ) ( + c )
100 x − 2000ln x A1

change limits: when h = 0 then x = 20

and when h = 100 then x = 10

100
50
∫ dh = [100 x − 2000ln x ] 20
10

0 20 − h

50
( ) ( )
100

∫
100
or dh = ⎡100 20 − h − 2000ln 20 − h ⎤
0 20 − h ⎣ ⎦0 Correct use of limits, ie. putting
them in the correct way round
Either x = 10 and x = 20
= (1000 − 2000ln10 ) − ( 2000 − 2000ln 20 ) ddM1
or h = 100 and h = 0

= 2000ln 20 − 2000ln10 − 1000 Combining logs to give...

2000ln 2 − 1000
A1 aef
= 2000ln 2 − 1000 or −2000ln ( 12 ) − 1000
[6]

(e) Time required = 2000ln 2 − 1000 = 386.2943611... sec

= 386 seconds (nearest second)

= 6 minutes and 26 seconds (nearest second) 6 minutes, 26 seconds B1

[1]

13 marks

21