General Luna St.

, Intramuros,
Manila, 1002 Metro Manila
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila

Badminton

PED 0043-10

Prof. Katrina Pulanco

March 14, 2020

HISTORY OF BADMINTON
Badminton took its name from Badminton House in Gloucestershire, the ancestral home of the
Duke of Beaufort, where the sport was played in the last century. Gloucestershire is now the base
for the International Badminton Federation.

The IBF was formed in 1934 with nine members: Canada, Denmark, France, Netherlands,
England, New Zealand, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The United States joined four years later.
Membership increased steadily over the next few years with a surge in new members after the
Olympic Games debut at Barcelona.

The first big IBF tournament was the Thomas Cup (men’s world team championships) in 1948.
Since then, the number of world events has increased to seven, with the addition of the Uber Cup
(ladies’ team), World Championships, Sudirman Cup (mixed team), World Juniors, World Grand
Prix Finals, and the World Cup.

The World Cup invitational event started in 1981 and is organized by the International
Management Group (IMG). The World Cup series is due to end in 1997, and the IBF is
considering organizing exhibition matches featuring the world’s top players to replace the World
Cup.

For the recent Thomas and Uber Cups in Hong Kong, the sale of commercial and television
rights was a multimillion dollar contract. And it’s not just in Asia. In Europe also, there’s a
growing number of companies bidding for rights. Television companies worldwide are already
buying exclusive rights to the 1997 World Championships to be held in Glasgow, Scotland.

A turning point in badminton’s growth was the $20 million tripartite contract in 1994 for
sponsorship of the World Grand Prix Finals. Under the terms of the deal between the IBF, IMG,
and STAR TV, STAR injects the monies into the promotion and development of badminton. In
return, STAR gains total exclusivity for the exploitation of the commercial and television rights
to the WGP Finals. “The deal was good for both main parties,” said David Shaw, IBF’s
executive director, who was brought into the organization with a brief to grow the sport. “We
needed a strong partner in television, and the broadcaster had identified badminton as a vehicle
which would attract audiences across Asia to its prime sports channel.”

The next phase in the rise and rise of international badminton has been to retake the USA. The
U.S. was an early member of the IBF and initially one of the most successful. When the Uber
Cup was introduced in 1956, Americans won the first three events. But then interest waned.
Badminton is a well-liked and familiar sport in the USA but, predominantly, is usually played as
a fun game in the backyard or on the beach. We know that once Americans see the other
badminton—international badminton, the world’s fastest racket sport—they will want to see and
play more. The Atlanta Olympics started to raise the sport’s profile in the U.S. The event was a
sell-out and became one of the “must-see” sports. Ex-President Jimmy Carter, Chelsea Clinton,
Paul Newman, and Princess Anne were among the celebrities who came to watch. David Broder
of the Washington Post reported “seeing one of the supreme athletic spectacles of my life.”
The year 1996 was a landmark in USA badminton. It’s not only the Atlanta Olympic Games that
started to generate tremendous interest in the U.S. market. In December 1995, the IBF introduced
a new concept tournament in California, the Hong Ta Shan Cup, a men’s invitation tournament
with the best players and big prize money. There are now plans to add a women’s event and to
increase the prize money. The Hong Ta Shan Group has gone on to sponsor the U.S. Open,
increasing the prize money to $200,000. This makes the event the most valuable World Grand
Prix event in the series and gives it six-star status.

The degree of change is increasing. Badminton’s debut as an Olympic Games sport has
manifestly boosted interest internationally. The STAR TV agreement has increased the sport’s
coverage dramatically. Sponsors and television companies are being attracted to a sport which
gives them access to the Asian economies. And spectators are increasingly attracted to the
exciting mix of angles, tactics, touch, reaction, and fitness that would exhaust a squash
champion.

ORIGIN OF THE GAME

The sport of badminton has its origins in ancient civilizations in Europe and Asia. The ancient
game known as battledore (bat or paddle) and shuttlecock probably originated more than 2000
years ago.

According to topendsports.com, "A badminton-like game was known in ancient Greece and
Egypt - a game called battledore and shuttlecock - in which two players hit a feathered
shuttlecock back and forth with tiny rackets.

The game was played in India during the 18th Century, at which time it was called "Poona”. In
the 1860s it was adopted by British Army officers stationed in India. The officers took the game
back to England, where it became a success at a party given by the Duke of Beaufort in 1873 at
his estate called "Badminton" in Gloucestershire.

It was the Duke of Beaufort who officially introduced the game to England. In 1873, guests at a
lawn party on his country estate, Badminton, played a game of Poona. The game was a hit and
soon became popular among the British elite. People began calling the new party sport “the
Badminton game.”

In the 1600s Battledore and Shuttlecock was an upper class pastime in England and many
European countries. Battledore and Shuttlecock was simply two people hitting a shuttlecock
backwards and forwards with a simple bat as many times as they could without allowing it to hit
the ground.

KEY TERMINOLOGIES IN BADMINTON

 Alley - Extension of the court by l 1/2 feet on both sides for doubles play.

 Back Alley - Area between the back boundary line and the long service line for doubles.

 Backcourt - Back third of the court, in the area of the back boundary lines.

 Balk - Any deceptive movement that disconcerts an opponent before or during the
service; often called a "feint."

 Baseline - Back boundary line at each end of the court, parallel to the net.

 Carry - An illegal tactic, also called a sling or throw, in which the shuttle is caught and
held on the racquet and then slung during the execution of a stroke.

 Center or Base Position - Location in the center of the court to which a singles player
tries to return after each shot.

 Center Line - Line perpendicular to the net that separates the left and right service
courts.

 Clear - A shot hit deep to the opponent’s back boundary. The high clear is a defensive
shot, while the flatter attacking clear is used offensively.

 Court - Area of play, as defined by the outer boundary lines.

 Drive - A fast and low shot that makes a horizontal flight over the net.

 Drop - A shot hits only and with finesse to fall rapidly and close to the net on the
opponent’s side.

 Fault - A violation of the playing rules, either in serving, receiving, or during play (see
common faults listed below).

 Flick - A quick wrist and forearm rotation that surprises an opponent by changing an
apparently soft shot into a faster passing one; used primarily on the serve and at the net.
 Forecourt - Front third of the court, between the net and the short service line.

 Hairpin Net Shot - Shot made from below and very close to the net with the shuttle
rising, just clearing the net, and then dropping sharply down the other side. The shuttle’s
flight approximates the shape of a hairpin.

 Half-court Shot - A shot hit low and to midcourt, used effectively in doubles against the
up-and-back formation.

 Kill - Fast, downward shot that cannot be returned; a "put away." Let - A legitimate
cessation of play to allow a rally to be replayed. Long Service Line - In singles, the back
boundary line.1n doubles a line 2 l/2 feet inside the back boundary line. The serve may
not go past this line.

 Match - A series of games (at U.S. Olympic Festival-’93 it is three out of five), to
determine a winner.

 Midcourt - The middle third of the court, halfway between the net and the back
boundary line.

 Net Shot - Shot hit from the forecourt that just clears the net and drops sharply.

 Push Shot - Gentle shot played by pushing the shuttle with little wrist motion, usually
from net or midcourt to the opponent’s midcourt.

 Racquet - Instrument used by player to hit shuttlecock Weight: About3 ounces. Length:
27 inches. Made of: Ceramic, graphite, or boron frame; beef-gut string. Cost: $60-$175
(unstrung).

 Rally - Exchange of shots while the shuttle is in play.

 Serve or Service - Stroke used to put shuttlecock into play at the start of each rally.

 Service Court - Area into which the serve must be delivered. Different for singles and
doubles play.

 Short Service Line - The line 6 l/2 feet from the net which a serve must reach to be
legal.
  Shuttlecock - Official name for the object that players hit. Also known as "birdie."
Weight: .17-.l9 ounces. Made of: 16 goose feathers attached to a cork tip covered with
goat skin. Cost: $1.50-$2.00. Usually lasts for no more than two games. The heavier the
shuttlecock, the faster it flies. Flies faster in higher temperatures and at higher altitudes.

 Smash - Hard-hit overhead shot that forces the shuttle sharply downward. Badminton’s
primary attacking stroke.

 Wood Shot - Shot that results when the base of the shuttle is hit by the frame of the
racquet. Once illegal, this shot was ruled acceptable by the International Badminton
Federation in 1963.

PLAYING COURT DIMENSIONS

 The Net Line

o The net line marks the middle of the

court where the net is placed, creating
a 22 feet by 20 feet area on each side of
the net.

 The Badminton Net

o The top of the badminton net is hung 5

feet above in the center net line.

 Short Service Line

o The short service line is marked 6 feet 6 inches from the center line. The area
inside the short service line is also called the Non Volley Zone.

 Center Line

o The Center Line is the line that divides the court from the Short Service Line to
the Back Boundary Line. This delineates the Left from Right Service Court.

 Side Line for Singles Play

 o The Singles Side Line is marked 1 1/2 feet from the edge of the outer boundary
(doubles side line)

 Back Boundary Line and Long Service Line for Singles

o The back boundary line is the same for singles and doubles play it is the
outermost back line on the court.

 Long Service Line for Doubles

o The Long Service line for Doubles is marked 2 1/2 feet inside the Back Boundary
Line.

BADMINTON BASIC SKILLS

1. Basic Grip
1.1 Forehand Grip

Forehand
-"Shake hands" type of grip
-Face of racket perpendicular to floor
-Little finger should be at the end or "butt" of the racket
-A "V" will be formed by the thumb and pointer finger on top of the racket
-handle

1.2 Backhand Grip

Backhand
-Same grip as the forehand can be used
-OR, Use the THUMB UP GRIP
-Rotate the racket slightly so the thumb is along the wide side of the
racket.

2. Serve
2.1. High Serve

Use this badminton serve during singles play to

move your opponent as far back in court as
possible, thus opening up his court. Be more
cautious if you use this serve during doubles.
Opponents with strong attacking abilities will
work this serve to your disadvantage.
- Stand two to three feet behind the short service
line.
- Relax your body and bent your knees slightly.
- Lead with your non-racket leg and place your racket leg behind.
- Bring your racket back to your waist level then start your forward swing.
- Hold the shuttle by the feathers and bring it closer to meet the racket instead of dropping it in
front.
- Contact the shuttle at a higher point but still below your waist line.
- Push the shuttle with the racket face and try to make the shuttle skim the tape of the net.

2.2. Low Serve

Use this badminton serve when you want your

opponent to lift the shuttle. It is commonly used
during doubles, but you can use it during singles
too if your opponent's attack is too strong. You
can use either forehand or backhand to play this
serve.

3. Clear Shots
3.1. Forehand Overhead Clear In Badminton

-Good preparation is a must. The racket should be taken back to the back-
scratching position as one moves into position
-When the racket is taken back, it is important that the wrist be cocked up
-Turn sideways to the net
-Hit the shuttle, extending as high as possible with the racket face pointing
slightly up
-Transfer weight forward, snap the wrist, and rotate the forearm at point of contact
-Rotate the shoulders and nips as one would when throwing a ball
-Hit the shuttle hard.
-Hit the shuttle high and deep

3.2. Backhand Overhead Clear In Badminton

-Switch to the backhand grip while turning sideways

-Cock the wrist down, bend the arm and reach behind the back when preparing
-Extend the arm outward at point of contact and try to generate as much power as
possible by snapping the wrist and rolling the forearm
-Bring your right leg across over the left leg if shuttle is away.
-The shoulder rotation is critical. It will be impossible to generate any power
without extensive use of the shoulders
-Reach in front of the body (towards the net) to make contact

4. Footwork in Badminton

Good badminton footwork is simply

having the ability to reach the shuttle
early while on balance. You can skip,
shuffle, bounce, glide, chasse step or
lunge on court.

So long as you reach the shuttle fast,

depriving your opponents of time, you
can use all the above movement that
suits best to you depending on the
situation.
5. Drop shot

Primarily utilized after a high serve or a clear shot, the drop

shot should just barely clear the net. It is most effective when
disguised as an overhead clear.

6. Smash

-Get into position so contact can be made in front of the

body with the racket face angling down toward the court
-It is far easier to smash from the forecourt than the back
court because of the angle the shuttle must travel. Also the
shuttle slows down rapidly and therefore may be easily
returned when struck from deep in the court
-Sharp downward angle is just as important as sheer speed.
-The smash is a power stroke that must be placed at the
opponent’s feet

7. Ready Position

-Make sure racket is pointing forward and is parallel with the

court.
-Make sure legs are opened about shoulder width.
-One leg should be slightly in front of the other. (The leg in
front should be the same side as the hand holding the racket)
-Body slightly tilted forward.
-Bend the knee slightly
-Heel should not be touching the ground.
-Body should always be in the move to gain momentum.

RULES IN A BADMINTON GAME

Rules
  A player must wait until his opponent is ready before serving. If the opponent attempts a
return then he is ruled having been ready.
 The feet of both players must remain in a stationary position until the serve is made. Your
feet can not be touching the line at this time.
 It is not a fault if you miss the shuttle while serving.
 The shuttle cannot be caught and slung with the racket.
 A player cannot hold his racket near the net to ward off a downward stroke by his
opponent or to interfere with his racket.

Faults
 The shuttle, at the instant of being hit is higher than the servers’ waist or the head of the
racket is higher than the servers’ racket hand.
 The shuttle does not land in the correct service court.
 The server's feet are not in the service court or if the feet of the receiver are not in the
court diagonally opposite the server.
 The server steps forward as he/she serves.
 Any player balking or feinting his opponent before serve or during serve.
 A serve or shot that lands outside the court boundaries, passes under or through the net,
touches any other obstructions or a players’ body or clothing. The boundary and service
lines are considered in play.
 The shuttle in play is struck before it crosses the net to the striker's side of the net. You
may follow through over the net.
 A player touching the net or its supports with his body or racket while the shuttle is in
play.
 Hitting the shuttle twice in succession by a player or team.

Scoring System
 A match consists of the best of 3 games of 21 points.
 Every time there is a serve – there is a point scored.
 The side winning a rally adds a point to its score.
 At 20 all, the side which gains a 2 point lead first, wins that game.
 At 29 all, the side scoring the 30th point, wins that game.
 The side winning a game serves first in the next game.

Interval and Change of Ends

 A 1 minute interval between each game is allowed.
 In the third game, players change ends when the leading score reaches 11 points.

Singles
  At the beginning of the game (0-0) and when the server’s score is even, the server serves
from the right service court. When the server’s score is odd, the server serves from the
left service court.
 If the server wins a rally, the server scores a point and then serves again from the
alternate service court.
 If the receiver wins a rally, the receiver scores a point and becomes the new server. They
serve from the appropriate service court – left if their score is odd, and right if it is even.

Doubles
 A side has only one ‘set’.
 The service passes consecutively to the players as shown in the diagram.
 At the beginning of the game and when the score is even, the server serves from the right
service court. When it is odd, the server serves from the left court.
 If the serving side wins a rally, the serving side scores a point and the same server serves
again from the alternate service court.
 If the receiving side wins a rally, the receiving side scores a point. The receiving side
becomes the new serving side.
 The players do not change their respective service courts until they win a point when
their side is serving.

 If players commit an error in the service court, the error is corrected when the mistake is
discovered.
 In a doubles match between A & B against C & D.  A & B won the toss and decided to
serve. A to serve to C. A shall be the initial server while C shall be the initial receiver.

Course of action / Score Service from

Explanation Service Court
  Love Right Service Court. A serves A
All Being the score of the to C A &
serving side is even. and C are B
the initial
server and
receiver.
A & B win a point. A & B will change service 1-0 Left Service Court. Being A serves C
courts. A serves again from Left service court. C & the score of the serving to D &
D will stay in the same service courts. side is odd D
C & D win a point and also right to serve. Nobody 1-1 Left Service Court. Being D serves A
will change their respective service courts. the score of the serving to A. &
side is odd. B
A & B win a point and also right to serve. Nobody 2-1 Right Service Court. B serves C
will change their respective service courts. Being the score of the to C &
serving side is even. D
C & D win a point and also right to serve. Nobody 2-2 Right Service Court. C serves C
will change their respective service courts. Being the score of the to B &
serving side is even. D
C & D win a point. C & D will change service 3-2 Left Service Court. Being C serves A
courts. C serves from Left service court. A & B will the score of the serving to A &
stay in the same service courts. side is odd. B
A & B win a point and also right to serve. Nobody 3-3 Left Service Court. Being A serves A
will change their respective service courts. the score of the serving to C &
side is odd. B
A & B win a point. A & B will change service 4-3 Right Service Court. A serves C
courts. A serves again from Right service court. C & Being the score of the to D &
D will stay in the same service courts. serving side is even. D

Note that this means:

The order of server depends on the score odd or even same as in singles. 
The service courts are changed by the servicing side only when a point is scored. In all other
cases, the players continue to stay in their respective service court from where they played
previous rally. This shall guarantee alternate server.
 

BADMINTON RACKET

Badminton rackets play a very big role in unleashing one player's maximum capacity. These are
the parts of the racket.

 Head - Oval part of the racket, including the frame and the stringing.
  Shaft - Elongated part of the racket that ends in the head.
 Butt - Enlarged end of the shaft that prevents the hand from slipping off the handle.
 Handle - Part of the shaft that the player grips to control the racket.
 Frame - Racket frame to which the stringing is attached.
 Stringing - Surface of interlaced strings of synthetic or natural fiber that is used to smash
a shuttlecock.

TAKE NOTE: When choosing a racket, the beginner players must first use a heavy racket
(training racket) weighing in about 85 to 89 grams. The heavier the racket, especially the head of
the racket, can create much more powerful hits and smashes, but it is more difficult to control in
terms of transition from offensive stop to defensive stop. For intermediate players, it is very ideal
to choose a racket that satisfies their own style. Normally, intermediate to advanced level players
choose a racket that is lighter and longer. Lightweight rackets are perfect for fast actions and
transitions since it is easy to manipulate and control. It can also decrease the stress in wrist due to
its lightweight. Lightweight rackets weighs in about 82 to 84 grams. High quality rackets are a
bit expensive but rest assured that its service will be all worth it.

SHUTTLECOCK

The shuttle shall be made of natural and/or synthetic materials. From whatever material the
shuttle is made, the flight characteristics generally shall be similar to those produced by a natural
feathered shuttle with a cork base covered by a thin layer of leather. When in a tournament, it is
advisable to use one of the BWF’s preferred suppliers as a brand.

Feathered Shuttle
The shuttle shall have 16 feathers fixed in the base. The feathers shall have a uniform length
between 62 mm (2.5 inch) to 70 mm (2.75 inch) when measured from the tip to the top of the
base. The tips of the feathers shall lie on a circle with a diameter from 58 mm (2.3 inch) to 68
mm (2.7 inch). The feathers shall be fastened firmly with thread or other suitable material. The
base shall be 25 mm (1 inch) to 28 mm (1.1 inch) in diameter and rounded on the bottom. The
shuttle shall weigh from 4.74 to 5.50 grams.

Non-Feathered Shuttle

The skirt, or simulation of feathers in synthetic materials, shall replace natural feathers. The base
shall be as described in the previous section. Measurements and
weight shall be also as described in the previous section. However,
because of the difference in the specific gravity and other properties
of synthetic materials in comparison with feathers, a variation of up to
10 per cent shall be acceptable. Subject to there being no variation in
the general design, speed and flight of the shuttle, modifications in the
above specifications may be made with the approval of the Member
Association concerned, in places where atmospheric conditions due to
either altitude or climate make the standard shuttle unsuitable.