1. There are different methods to measure body temperature including oral, ear, rectal, forehead, and armpit temperature measurements. Each method has advantages and limitations in terms of accuracy, convenience, and suitability for different age groups and health conditions.
2. Various types of thermometers are available including mercury, alcohol, electronic, and infrared thermometers. Special precautions should be taken when using different thermometers.
3. Key factors to consider when taking body temperature include using the correct measurement method, following instructions, maintaining hygiene, and taking temperature at the same time each day for comparison. Seek medical advice if readings are abnormal or unclear.
1. There are different methods to measure body temperature including oral, ear, rectal, forehead, and armpit temperature measurements. Each method has advantages and limitations in terms of accuracy, convenience, and suitability for different age groups and health conditions.
2. Various types of thermometers are available including mercury, alcohol, electronic, and infrared thermometers. Special precautions should be taken when using different thermometers.
3. Key factors to consider when taking body temperature include using the correct measurement method, following instructions, maintaining hygiene, and taking temperature at the same time each day for comparison. Seek medical advice if readings are abnormal or unclear.
1. There are different methods to measure body temperature including oral, ear, rectal, forehead, and armpit temperature measurements. Each method has advantages and limitations in terms of accuracy, convenience, and suitability for different age groups and health conditions.
2. Various types of thermometers are available including mercury, alcohol, electronic, and infrared thermometers. Special precautions should be taken when using different thermometers.
3. Key factors to consider when taking body temperature include using the correct measurement method, following instructions, maintaining hygiene, and taking temperature at the same time each day for comparison. Seek medical advice if readings are abnormal or unclear.
General Guidelines on measuring Types of thermometer and
body temperature and using specific precautions
thermometer Description Special points to note* Mercury-in-glass/ Alcohol-in-glass Thermometer Measures oral, As mercury spill is hazardous to 1. Compare the accuracy, suitability, rectal or armpit environment and health, the use of convenience and price of thermometers body temperature mercury thermometer should be before purchase. through the avoided as far as possible. thermal 2. Choose a thermometer and method of Thermometer should be reset by expansion of measurement which suit the individual‘s shaking the mercury/ ethanol level mercury/ ethanol age and health condition; Consult down below 35°C (95°F) each time healthcare professionals if in doubt. Oral before using.
3. Patients with communicable diseases The tips of oral thermometer and
should use personal thermometers to rectal thermometer are different in shape (slender vs. round) and must avoid cross-infection. Rectal not be cross-used. Proper use of 4. Familiarise with the correct use of thermometer and temperature reading Electronic (digital) Thermometer thermometers to by referring to the user instructions Measures oral, Temperature difference among oral, provided by manufacturer. rectal or armpit rectal and armpit body temperature measure body 5. Avoid activities that would distort body temperature should be noted. temperature measurement (e.g. by means of temperature drinking hot water immediately before thermistor with its taking oral temperature). resistance varying according to the 6. Clean and maintain the thermometer temperature according to the procedures recommended by the user instructions. Infrared Thermometer 7. In case body temperature needs to be taken regularly, take the temperature at Measures thermal For ear thermometer, a new ear-probe the same time of each day and use the radiation jacket should be used for different same temperature taking method to (infrared) emitted person; the ear canal must be pulled allow comparison. from ear and straight when measuring. forehead to infer 8. If there is any doubt about the body Forehead thermometer should only be body temperature temperature reading, please consult used for screening instead of healthcare professionals. diagnostic purpose due to greater measurement error. www.mdd.gov.hk * Users should read and follow the instructions in the user Medical Device Division manual of the thermometer because operation procedures E-mail : mdd@dh.gov.hk may vary among brands Website : www.mdd.gov.hk Thermometer can be Comparison among different measurement methods used to check the body temperature to see Measurement method Oral Ear Rectal Forehead Armpit whether a person has a Suitability fever. This pamphlet provides an introduction Infants and children below 6 to body temperature, its measurement methods Cooperative Adults and and proper use of various types of thermometer. children Uncooperative above 6 Unconscious Accuracy ☺☺☺ ☺☺☺ ☺☺☺ ☺ ☺☺ Convenience and speed ☺☺☺ ☺☺☺ ☺ ☺☺☺☺ ☺☺ > 37.5°C > 38°C > 38°C > 36°C > 37.3°C Reference level for fever (99.5°F) (100.4°F) (100.4°F) (96.8°F) (99.1°F)
Body Temperature Measurement methods and specific precautions
There are two ways to measure body temperature — by measuring core temperature and surface Measurement method Unsuitable conditions for the measurement method temperature. Oral ● Suffering from shortness of breath
Body Meaning Measurement
● Sneezing repeatedly, having a hard cough or suffering a seizure 3 temperature taken through ● Unconscious or confused measurement ● Unable to close the mouth tightly Core Temperature of Oral cavity, ear Having a middle ear infection temperature deep tissues canal, rectum Ear ● ● Obstruction of ear canal by ear wax Infrared ear Surface Temperature of Forehead, armpit ● Wearing hearing aid thermometer temperature surface skin tissues Rectal ● Large amount of faeces accumulated in the rectum Since surface temperature is more susceptible to ● Rectal diseases, e.g. haemorrhoid or diarrhoea, etc. changes in the surroundings, it is considered less accurate and is recommended for use only when ● Just undergone intestinal operation there is difficulty in measuring the core temperature. ● Having wounds/ lesions in the anus Armpit ● Unable to secure thermometer under the axilla Forehead ● Forehead being covered (e.g. by bandage/ cooling gel sheet) Infrared forehead thermometer