Faraday’s Law:

Faraday's first Law

First Law of Faraday's Electromagnetic Induction state that whenever a conductor are placed
in a varying magnetic field emf are induced which is called induced emf, if the
Circuit is closed current are also induced which is called induced current.

Faraday's Second Law

It states that the magnitude of emf induced in the coil is equal to the rate of change of flux
that linkages with the coil. The flux linkage of the coil is the product of number of turns in
the coil and flux associated with the coil.
Faraday Law Formula
Consider a magnet approaching towards a coil. Here we consider two instants at time T1 and
time T2.
Flux linkage with the coil at time, T1 = NΦ1 Wb
Flux linkage with the coil at time, T2 = NΦ2 wb
Change in flux linkage = N(Φ2 - Φ1)
Let this change in flux linkage be, dΦ = Φ2 - Φ1 with time change = −
Now the rate of change of flux linkage =
But according to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, the rate of change of flux
linkage is equal to induced emf. =
Where, flux Φ in Wb = B.A B = magnetic field strength A = area of the coil HOW TO

Lenz's Law:
The induced EMF resulting from a changing magnetic flux has a polarity that leads to
an induced current whose direction is such that the induced magnetic field opposes the
original flux change.

So when a magnetic south pole is moved towards a coil in a

circuit, the face of the coil presents a south pole and the
direction of the induced current is clock wise to prevent this
motion.
The induced current is opposing the change that produced it
by trying to prevent the South Pole from entering the coil
(by repelling it).
Similarly, when a south pole is pulled from a coil in a
circuit, the face of the coil presents a north pole and
direction of the current is anti clock wise.

The induced current is opposing the change that produced it

by trying to prevent the South Pole from leaving the coil (by attracting it).
Considering Lenz's Law Faradays law become = −

Fleming Right Hand Rule:

As per Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, whenever a conductor moves inside a

magnetic field, there will be an induced current in it. If this conductor gets forcefully moved
inside the magnetic field, there will be a relation between the direction of applied force,
magnetic field and the current. This relation among these three directions is determined by
Fleming Right Hand Rule
Hold out the right hand with the first finger(Fore finger), second finger(middle finger)
and thumb at right angle to each other. If forefinger represents the direction of the line
of force (flux), the thumb points in the direction of motion, then second finger points in
the direction of the induced current.

Fleming Left Hand rule:

Hold out your left hand with forefinger, second finger and thumb at right angle to one
another. If the fore finger represents the direction of the magnetic field (flux) and the
second finger that of the current, then thumb gives the direction of the motion of the
conductor.

Fleming Left Hand rule is mainly applicable for electric motor and Fleming Right Hand
rule is mainly applicable for electric generator.