Results

a) Effect of bioreactor on temperature.

Temperature = 30℃
Aeration = 1vvm
Agitation =400rpm

Table :Results of dissolved oxygen concentration in the bioreactor at 30℃.

Time(s) PO2 %Air Cl Cl*-Cl ln(Cl*-Cl)

10 0.27 0.0027 0.004 1.403 0.339

20 0.4 0.004 0.006 1.401 0.337

30 0.53 0.0053 0.007 1.400 0.336

40 5.32 0.0532 0.075 1.332 0.287

50 15.7 0.157 0.222 1.185 0.170

60 28.1 0.281 0.397 1.010 0.010

70 39.7 0.397 0.561 0.846 -0.167

80 49.8 0.498 0.703 0.704 -0.352

90 59.2 0.592 0.836 0.571 -0.561

100 66.3 0.663 0.937 0.470 -0.754

110 72.1 0.721 1.018 0.389 -0.945

120 77.2 0.772 1.091 0.316 -1.150

130 81.2 0.812 1.147 0.260 -1.347

140 84.5 0.845 1.194 0.213 -1.545

150 87.5 0.875 1.236 0.171 -1.766

160 89.3 0.893 1.261 0.146 -1.927

170 91.2 0.912 1.288 0.119 -2.131

180 92.8 0.928 1.311 0.096 -2.342

190 93.8 0.938 1.325 0.082 -2.501

200 94.8 0.948 1.339 0.068 -2.690

210 95.7 0.957 1.352 0.055 -2.898

220 96.4 0.964 1.362 0.045 -3.095

230 96.9 0.969 1.369 0.038 -3.265

240 97.4 0.974 1.376 0.031 -3.469

250 97.8 0.978 1.382 0.025 -3.670

260 98 0.98 1.384 0.023 -3.787

270 98.3 0.983 1.389 0.018 -3.994

280 98.5 0.985 1.391 0.016 -4.161

290 98.7 0.987 1.394 0.013 -4.361

300 98.8 0.988 1.396 0.011 -4.478

310 99 0.99 1.398 0.009 -4.764

320 99.1 0.991 1.400 0.007 -4.945

330 99.2 0.992 1.401 0.006 -5.166

340 99.3 0.993 1.403 0.004 -5.450

 2.000

f(x) = − 0.02 x + 1.41

0.000 R² = 0.94
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

-2.000

-4.000

-6.000

-8.000

-10.000

-12.000

ln(Cl*-Cl) Linear (ln(Cl*-Cl))

Graph: In(C*-CL) with temperature of 30°C against time.

y = mx + c
y = -0.0215X + 1.4144
m = -0.0215
-1
KLa = 0.0215s

-1
KLa = 77.4h

Temperature = 40℃
Aeration = 1vvm
Agitation =400rpm

Table :Dissolved oxygen concentration in the bioreactor at 40℃.

Time(s) PO2 %Air Cl Cl*-Cl lnCl*-Cl

5 4.17 0.0417 0.069 1.584 0.460

10 4.60 0.046 0.076 1.577 0.455

15 8.32 0.0832 0.138 1.515 0.416

20 13.40 0.134 0.222 1.431 0.359

25 25.10 0.251 0.415 1.238 0.213

30 30.30 0.303 0.501 1.152 0.141

35 37.70 0.377 0.624 1.029 0.029

40 42.20 0.422 0.698 0.955 -0.046

45 45.60 0.456 0.755 0.898 -0.107

50 51.40 0.514 0.850 0.803 -0.220

55 55.50 0.555 0.918 0.735 -0.308

60 58.70 0.587 0.971 0.682 -0.383

65 62.50 0.625 1.034 0.619 -0.480

70 65.60 0.656 1.085 0.568 -0.566

75 69.20 0.692 1.145 0.508 -0.677

80 71.70 0.717 1.186 0.467 -0.762

85 74.40 0.744 1.231 0.422 -0.863

90 76.60 0.766 1.267 0.386 -0.953

95 78.80 0.788 1.304 0.349 -1.052

100 80.70 0.807 1.335 0.318 -1.147

105 82.50 0.825 1.365 0.288 -1.245

110 84.20 0.842 1.393 0.260 -1.348

115 87.00 0.87 1.440 0.213 -1.544

120 88.30 0.883 1.461 0.192 -1.651

125 89.60 0.896 1.483 0.170 -1.769

130 90.60 0.906 1.499 0.154 -1.872

135 91.60 0.916 1.516 0.137 -1.985

140 92.70 0.927 1.534 0.119 -2.127

145 93.70 0.937 1.550 0.103 -2.277

150 94.20 0.942 1.559 0.094 -2.361

155 95.00 0.95 1.572 0.081 -2.512

160 95.70 0.957 1.583 0.070 -2.666

165 96.20 0.962 1.592 0.061 -2.793
170 96.90 0.969 1.603 0.050 -3.003

175 97.30 0.973 1.610 0.043 -3.146

180 97.70 0.977 1.617 0.036 -3.313

185 98.10 0.981 1.623 0.030 -3.514

190 98.60 0.986 1.631 0.022 -3.839

195 98.90 0.989 1.636 0.017 -4.101

200 99.20 0.992 1.641 0.012 -4.458

205 99.30 0.993 1.643 0.010 -4.612

210 99.60 0.996 1.648 0.005 -5.304

215 99.90 0.999 1.653 0.000 -12.126

2.000
f(x) = − 0.03 x + 1.44
0.000 R² = 0.71
0 50 100 150 200 250

-2.000

-4.000

-6.000

-8.000

-10.000

-12.000

-14.000

Graph: In(C*-CL) with temperature of 40°C against time.

y = mx + c
y = -0.0298X + 1.4354
m = -0.0298
 -1
KLa = 0.0298s

-1
KLa = 107.28h

Temperature = 50℃
Aeration = 1vvm
Agitation =400rpm

Table :Dissolved oxygen concentration in the bioreactor at 50℃.

Time(s) PO2 %Air Cl Cl*-Cl ln(Cl*-Cl)

0 0 0 0.000 1.919 0.652

10 2.99 0.0299 0.057 1.862 0.621

20 17.3 0.173 0.332 1.587 0.462

30 36.9 0.369 0.708 1.211 0.191

40 53.5 0.535 1.027 0.892 -0.114

50 67.1 0.671 1.288 0.631 -0.460

60 77.1 0.771 1.480 0.439 -0.823

70 84.1 0.841 1.614 0.305 -1.188

80 89.2 0.892 1.712 0.207 -1.575

90 93 0.93 1.785 0.134 -2.010

100 96.5 0.965 1.852 0.067 -2.705

110 98.7 0.987 1.894 0.025 -3.703

120 100 1 1.919 0.000 #NUM!

 12.000

10.000

8.000
ln(Cl*-Cl)

6.000

4.000

2.000

0.000
0 f(x) = 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
R² = 0
Time,s

Graph: In(C*-CL) with temperature of 50°C against time.

y = mx + c
y = -0.0376X + 1.1807
m = -0.0376

KLa = 0.0376s-1

KLa = 135.36h-1

Table: Mass transfer coefficient in bioreactor at changes of temperature.

Temperature (°C ) KLa(h-1 )
30 77.4
40 107.28
50 135.36
 160

140

120

KLa(h-1 ) 100

80

60

40

20

0
25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Temperature (C )

Graph: Mass transfer coefficient against temperature.

b) Effect of aeration rate on bioreactor.

Temperature = 30°C
Agitation = 400 rpm
Table: The result for aeration rate at 1.0 vvm

Time(s) PO2 %Air Cl Cl*-Cl ln(Cl*-Cl)

10 0.27 0.0027 0.004 1.403 0.339

20 0.4 0.004 0.006 1.401 0.337

30 0.53 0.0053 0.007 1.400 0.336

40 5.32 0.0532 0.075 1.332 0.287

50 15.7 0.157 0.222 1.185 0.170

60 28.1 0.281 0.397 1.010 0.010

70 39.7 0.397 0.561 0.846 -0.167

80 49.8 0.498 0.703 0.704 -0.352

90 59.2 0.592 0.836 0.571 -0.561

100 66.3 0.663 0.937 0.470 -0.754

110 72.1 0.721 1.018 0.389 -0.945

120 77.2 0.772 1.091 0.316 -1.150

130 81.2 0.812 1.147 0.260 -1.347

140 84.5 0.845 1.194 0.213 -1.545

150 87.5 0.875 1.236 0.171 -1.766

160 89.3 0.893 1.261 0.146 -1.927

170 91.2 0.912 1.288 0.119 -2.131

180 92.8 0.928 1.311 0.096 -2.342

190 93.8 0.938 1.325 0.082 -2.501

200 94.8 0.948 1.339 0.068 -2.690

210 95.7 0.957 1.352 0.055 -2.898

220 96.4 0.964 1.362 0.045 -3.095

230 96.9 0.969 1.369 0.038 -3.265

240 97.4 0.974 1.376 0.031 -3.469

250 97.8 0.978 1.382 0.025 -3.670

260 98 0.98 1.384 0.023 -3.787

270 98.3 0.983 1.389 0.018 -3.994

280 98.5 0.985 1.391 0.016 -4.161

290 98.7 0.987 1.394 0.013 -4.361

300 98.8 0.988 1.396 0.011 -4.478

310 99 0.99 1.398 0.009 -4.764

320 99.1 0.991 1.400 0.007 -4.945

330 99.2 0.992 1.401 0.006 -5.166

340 99.3 0.993 1.403 0.004 -5.450

350 99.3 0.993 1.403 0.004 -5.450

360 99.4 0.994 1.404 0.003 -5.849

370 99.5 0.995 1.406 0.001 -6.522

380 99.5 0.995 1.406 0.001 -6.522

390 99.5 0.995 1.406 0.001 -6.522

400 99.6 0.996 1.407 0.000 -9.747

410 99.5 0.995 1.406 0.001 -6.522

420 99.6 0.996 1.407 0.000 -9.747

430 99.6 0.996 1.407 0.000 -9.747

2.000

f(x) = − 0.02 x + 1.41

0.000 R² = 0.94
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

-2.000

-4.000

-6.000

-8.000

-10.000

-12.000

ln(Cl*-Cl) Linear (ln(Cl*-Cl))

Graph: ln(C*- CL) against time for aeration rate at 1.0vvm.

 y = mx + c
y = -0.0215X + 1.4144
m = -0.0215
-1
KLa = 0.0215s

-1
KLa = 77.4h

Table: The result for aeration rate at 2.0 vvm

Time(s) PO2 %Air Cl Cl*-Cl ln(Cl*-Cl)

0 0 0 0.000 1.410 0.34

10 0 0 0.000 1.410 0.34

20 4.5 0.045 0.064 1.346 0.30

30 18.6 0.186 0.263 1.147 0.14

40 33.3 0.333 0.470 0.940 -0.06

50 47.5 0.475 0.671 0.739 -0.30

60 60.6 0.606 0.856 0.554 -0.59

70 70.1 0.701 0.990 0.420 -0.87

80 77.6 0.776 1.096 0.314 -1.16

90 83 0.83 1.172 0.238 -1.44

100 87 0.87 1.229 0.181 -1.71

110 90.4 0.904 1.277 0.133 -2.02

120 92.8 0.928 1.311 0.099 -2.31

130 94.6 0.946 1.336 0.074 -2.61

140 95.9 0.959 1.355 0.055 -2.89

150 96.8 0.968 1.367 0.043 -3.16

160 97.5 0.975 1.377 0.033 -3.42

170 98 0.98 1.384 0.026 -3.66

180 98.4 0.984 1.390 0.020 -3.91

190 98.8 0.988 1.396 0.014 -4.24

200 98.9 0.989 1.397 0.013 -4.35

210 99.1 0.991 1.400 0.010 -4.59

220 99.3 0.993 1.403 0.007 -4.92

230 99.4 0.994 1.404 0.006 -5.14

240 99.4 0.994 1.404 0.006 -5.14

250 99.4 0.994 1.404 0.006 -5.14

260 99.5 0.995 1.406 0.004 -5.41

270 99.5 0.995 1.406 0.004 -5.41

280 99.6 0.996 1.407 0.003 -5.79

290 99.6 0.996 1.407 0.003 -5.79

300 99.6 0.996 1.407 0.003 -5.79

310 99.7 0.997 1.408 0.002 -6.41

320 99.7 0.997 1.408 0.002 -6.41

330 99.7 0.997 1.408 0.002 -6.41

340 99.7 0.997 1.408 0.002 -6.41

350 99.8 0.998 1.410 0.000 -8.36

360 99.7 0.997 1.408 0.002 -6.41

370 99.8 0.998 1.410 0.000 -8.36

380 99.7 0.997 1.408 0.002 -6.41

390 99.7 0.997 1.408 0.002 -6.41

400 99.8 0.998 1.410 0.000 -8.36

410 99.8 0.998 1.410 0.000 -8.36

420 99.8 0.998 1.410 0.000 -8.36

430 99.8 0.998 1.410 0.000 -8.36

440 99.8 0.998 1.410 0.000 -8.36

450 99.8 0.998 1.410 0.000 -8.36

460 99.8 0.998 1.410 0.000 -8.36

 1.00

0.00
0 f(x) =50
− 0.02 x100
+ 0.22 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
R² = 0.97
-1.00

-2.00

-3.00

-4.00

-5.00

-6.00

-7.00

-8.00

-9.00

Graph: ln(C*- CL) against time for aeration rate at 2.0vvm.

y = mx + c
y = -0.0205X + 0.2191
m = -0.0205

KLa = 0.0205s-1

KLa = 73.8h-1

Table: The result for aeration rate at 3.0 vvm

Time(s) PO2 %Air Cl Cl*-Cl ln(Cl*-Cl)

10 7.19 0.0719 0.102 1.306 0.267

20 23.3 0.233 0.329 1.079 0.076

30 39.7 0.397 0.561 0.847 -0.166

40 54.8 0.548 0.774 0.634 -0.456

50 67 0.67 0.946 0.462 -0.773

60 75.9 0.759 1.072 0.336 -1.091

70 82.7 0.827 1.168 0.240 -1.428

80 87.5 0.875 1.236 0.172 -1.760

90 90.9 0.909 1.284 0.124 -2.088

100 93.4 0.934 1.319 0.089 -2.423

110 95.3 0.953 1.346 0.062 -2.784

120 96.6 0.966 1.365 0.043 -3.136

130 97.4 0.974 1.376 0.032 -3.438

140 98.1 0.981 1.386 0.022 -3.806

150 98.5 0.985 1.391 0.017 -4.099

160 98.8 0.988 1.396 0.012 -4.393

170 99 0.99 1.398 0.010 -4.653

180 99.2 0.992 1.401 0.007 -5.004

190 99.3 0.993 1.403 0.005 -5.241

200 99.4 0.994 1.404 0.004 -5.551

210 99.4 0.994 1.404 0.004 -5.551

220 99.4 0.994 1.404 0.004 -5.551

230 99.5 0.995 1.406 0.002 -6.003

240 99.5 0.995 1.406 0.002 -6.003

250 99.6 0.996 1.407 0.001 -6.851

260 99.6 0.996 1.407 0.001 -6.851

270 99.6 0.996 1.407 0.001 -6.851

280 99.6 0.996 1.407 0.001 -6.851

290 99.6 0.996 1.407 0.001 -6.851

300 99.6 0.996 1.407 0.001 -6.851

310 99.6 0.996 1.407 0.001 -6.851

320 99.6 0.996 1.407 0.001 -6.851

330 99.6 0.996 1.407 0.001 -6.851

340 99.6 0.996 1.407 0.001 -6.851

350 99.7 0.997 1.408 0.000 #NUM!

 ln(Cl*-Cl)
1.000

0.000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
-1.000 f(x) = − 0.02 x − 0.5
R² = 0.66
-2.000

-3.000

-4.000

-5.000

-6.000

-7.000

-8.000

Graph: ln(C*- CL) against time for aeration rate at 3.0vvm.

y = mx + c
y = -0.02X + 0.4973
m = -0.02
-1
KLa = 0.02s

-1
KLa = 72h
 Table: Mass transfer coefficient in bioreactor at changes of aeration rate.
Aeration rate(vvm) KLa(h-1 )
1 77.4
2 73.8
3 72

78
77
76
75
KLa(h-1 )

74
73
72
71
70
69
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Aeration rate (vvm)

Graph: Mass transfer coefficient against aeration rate.

c) Effect of agitation speed on bioreactor.

Temperature = 50℃
Aeration = 1vvm
Agitation =200rpm

Table :Results of dissolved oxygen concentration in the bioreactor when agitation

speed at 200rpm.

Time(s) PO2 %Air Cl Cl*-Cl ln(Cl*-Cl)

0 0 0 0.000 1.919 0.652

10 0.31 0.0031 0.006 1.913 0.649

20 3.37 0.0337 0.065 1.854 0.618

30 9.13 0.0913 0.175 1.744 0.556

40 15.7 0.157 0.301 1.618 0.481

50 22 0.22 0.422 1.497 0.403

60 28.5 0.285 0.547 1.372 0.316

70 34.7 0.347 0.666 1.253 0.226

80 40.9 0.409 0.785 1.134 0.126

90 46.4 0.464 0.891 1.028 0.028

100 52.2 0.522 1.002 0.917 -0.087

110 57.6 0.576 1.106 0.813 -0.206

120 62.1 0.621 1.192 0.727 -0.319

130 65.1 0.651 1.249 0.670 -0.401

140 70 0.7 1.344 0.575 -0.553

150 73.4 0.734 1.409 0.510 -0.673

160 76.4 0.764 1.466 0.453 -0.793

170 79.2 0.792 1.520 0.399 -0.919

180 82.3 0.823 1.580 0.339 -1.081

190 84.6 0.846 1.624 0.295 -1.220

200 86.7 0.867 1.664 0.255 -1.367

210 88.8 0.888 1.704 0.215 -1.539

220 90.6 0.906 1.739 0.180 -1.714

230 92.2 0.922 1.770 0.149 -1.901

 240 93.9 0.939 1.802 0.117 -2.147

250 95.3 0.953 1.829 0.090 -2.409

260 96.7 0.967 1.856 0.063 -2.764

270 97.9 0.979 1.879 0.040 -3.219

280 99 0.99 1.900 0.019 -3.969

290 100 1 1.919 0.000 #NUM!

1.000
f(x) = − 0.01 x + 1
R² = 0.76
0.000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

-1.000

-2.000

-3.000

-4.000

-5.000

Graph: ln(C*- CL) against time at agitation speed of 200 rpm.

y = mx + c
y = -0.0122X + 0.998
m = -0.0122

KLa = 0.0122s-1

KLa =43.92h-1

Table :Results of dissolved oxygen concentration in the bioreactor when agitation

speed at 300rpm.

Time(s) PO2 %aAir Cl Cl*-Cl ln(Cl*-Cl)

0 0 0 0.000 1.919 0.652

10 0.87 0.0087 0.017 1.902 0.643

 20 4.43 0.0443 0.085 1.834 0.606

30 10.7 0.107 0.205 1.714 0.539

40 18.8 0.188 0.361 1.558 0.444

50 26.8 0.268 0.514 1.405 0.340

60 35.6 0.356 0.683 1.236 0.212

70 44.7 0.447 0.858 1.061 0.059

80 53.2 0.532 1.021 0.898 -0.108

90 63 0.63 1.209 0.710 -0.343

100 69.2 0.692 1.328 0.591 -0.526

110 74.5 0.745 1.430 0.489 -0.715

120 79.2 0.792 1.520 0.399 -0.919

130 85.9 0.859 1.649 0.270 -1.308

140 90.8 0.908 1.743 0.176 -1.736

150 93.8 0.938 1.800 0.119 -2.131

160 97.1 0.971 1.864 0.055 -2.894

170 99.1 0.991 1.902 0.017 -4.076

180 100 1 1.919 0.000 #NUM!

1.000
f(x) = − 0.02 x + 1.1
R² = 0.64
0.000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

-1.000
ln(Cl*-Cl)

-2.000

-3.000

-4.000

-5.000
Time,s

Graph: ln(C*- CL) against time at agitation speed of 200 rpm.

 y = mx + c
y = -0.0188X + 1.0966
m = -0.0188
-1
KLa = 0.0188s

-1
KLa =67.68h

Table :Results of dissolved oxygen concentration in the bioreactor when agitation

speed at 400rpm.

Time(s) PO2 %Air Cl Cl*-Cl ln(Cl*-Cl)

0 0 0 0.000 1.919 0.652

10 2.99 0.0299 0.057 1.862 0.621

20 17.3 0.173 0.332 1.587 0.462

30 36.9 0.369 0.708 1.211 0.191

40 53.5 0.535 1.027 0.892 -0.114

50 67.1 0.671 1.288 0.631 -0.460

60 77.1 0.771 1.480 0.439 -0.823

70 84.1 0.841 1.614 0.305 -1.188

80 89.2 0.892 1.712 0.207 -1.575

90 93 0.93 1.785 0.134 -2.010

100 96.5 0.965 1.852 0.067 -2.705

110 98.7 0.987 1.894 0.025 -3.703

120 100 1 1.919 0.000 #NUM!

 1.000
0.500 f(x) = − 0.03 x + 0.78
R² = 0.58
0.000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
-0.500
-1.000
ln(Cl*-Cl)

-1.500
-2.000
-2.500
-3.000
-3.500
-4.000
Time,s

Graph: ln(C*- CL) against time at agitation speed of 400 rpm.

y = mx + c
y = -0.0266X + 0.778
m = -0.0266

KLa = 0.0266s-1

KLa =95.76h-1

Table: Mass transfer coefficient in bioreactor at changes of agitation speed.

Agitation speed (rpm) KLa (h-1 )
200 43.92
300 67.68
400 95.76
 120

100

80
KLa (h-1 )

60

40

20

0
150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Agitation speed (rpm)

Graph: Mass transfer coefficient against agitation speed.