LABORATORY RESULTS
URINALYSIS
Characteristic Normal finding/s Actual Finding Implication
Color Yellow, amber, nearly Yellow Checking the color and
colorless or transparent clarity of the urine sample is
the first test performed. The
urine sample is visually
examined for color, with
"yellow," "straw," or "nearly
colorless" being typical
normal values. Abnormal
colors are possible: orange
can be a side effect of a
prescription medication,
brown and pink may indicate
the presence of blood, and
dark yellow can mean
dehydration.
Appearance Clear clear Infection may cause urine to
become cloudy, giving it a
hazy appearance.
Sugar negative negative Finding glucose in the urine
is not a normal finding.
Typically, this is found in
patients with diabetes.
Mucous negative negative Mucus in the urine indicates
Bacterial Infection.
Pus cells negative negative Pus cells in the urine
indicate infection.
RBC negative negative Significant numbers of RBC
in the urine typically indicate
the presence of infection.
Bacteria negative Negative The presence of bacteria
Interpretation
Based on the actual
findings, the patient’s urine
color is normal.
Based on the actual
findings, the patient’s urine
appearance is clear, which
is a normal finding.
Based on the actual findings
the patient’s urine is
negative for sugar which is a
normal finding.
Based on the actual finding,
the patient is negative for
mucous, which is a normal
finding
The patient’s urine is
negative for pus cells, which
is a normal finding
The patient’s urine is
negative for RBC, which is a
normal finding.
The patient’s urine is
 may indicate an infection or
contamination of the sample.
pH 7.35-7.45 4.5 Urine become increasingly
acidic as the amount of
sodium and excess acid
retained by is increasing.
Specific gravity 1.010-1.025 1.020 This portion of the test
determines how
concentrated the urine is. If
the patient is dehydrated, for
example, the specific gravity
will be high. If the person is
very well-hydrated, a lower
result is expected.
Albumin negative negative Finding protein in the urine
is not a normal finding.
Seriously elevated levels
may indicate that there is a
problem with kidney
function.
negative for bacteria, which
is a normal finding.
Encourage the patient to
increase fluid intake and
food intake such us citrus
fruits and green leafy
vegetables.
Based on the actual
findings, the patient’s urine
specific gravity is in normal
range.
Based on the actual
findings, the patient is
negative for albumin which
is a normal finding.
 HEMATOLOGY
Characteristics Normal Finding/s Actual Finding/s Implication/s
Hgb Concentration 135-160 139 g/l A decrease Hgb indicates
anemia, severe
hemorrhage, cancer, kidney
disease and splenomegaly.
Increased Hgb indicates
polycythemia vera,
dehydration, COPD and
high altitudes.
Leucocytes 4.5 - 10 10.2 Elevated leucocytes usually
indicates infection, tissue
inflammation or tissue
necrosis. A decreased
leucocyte indicates a
decrease in production or
an increased destruction of
the cells.
Segmenters 0.55 - 0.65 0.47 Segmenters increases
during a bacterial infection.
Decrease Segmenters
increases the risk of
bacterial infection.
Lymphocytes 0.25 - 0.40 0.44 Elevated lymphocyte
indicates a viral infection
and chronic infection.
Lowered lymphocytes
usually indicate
immunodeficiency disease.
Monocytes 0.02 - 0.06 0.08 Elevated Monocytes
indicates inflammatory
disorders: viral infection
such as mononucleosis,
tuberculosis, chronic
Interpretation
Based on the actual
findings, patient’s
hemoglobin concentration is
within normal range.
Based on the actual findings
the patient’s leucocytes are
slightly elevated but still it
should be referred to the
attending physician.
The patient had decreased
Segmenters. This abnormal
finding should be referred to
the patient’s attending
physician because decrease
Segmenters increases the
risk of bacterial infection.
The patient had increased
lymphocytes. This abnormal
finding should be referred
immediately to the patient’s
attending physician because
this may indicate that the
patient had an infection or
ongoing infection.
The patient had increased
Monocytes. This abnormal
finding should be referred
immediately to the patient’s
attending physician because
 ulcerative colitis and this may indicate that the
parasites such as those patient had an infection.
associated with malaria.
Monocytes can be
decreased in prednisone
therapy, overwhelming
infections, aplastic anemia
and HIV infection.
Eosinophils 0 - 0.04 0.01 Elevated eosinophils indicate Based on the actual
parasitic infections, allergic findings, the patient’s
reaction, eczema, leukemia eosinophils are within
and autoimmune diseases. normal range.
Eosinophils will decrease if
there is an increase of
adrenosteroid production.
Thrombocytopenia 150 - 300 238 g/L Increased thrombocytopenia Based on the actual
indicates polycythemia vera, findings, the patient’s
post Splenectomy thrombocytopenia is within
syndrome, rheumatoid normal range.
arthritis and can occur in
malignant disorders.
Decrease thrombocytopenia
indicates hemorrhage and
can occur in idiopathic
thrombocytopenic Purpura,
leukemia, chemotherapy,
DIC and increased use or
destruction of platelet.
Hematocrit 0.39 – 0.49 0.46 Low hematocrit indicates Based on the actual
anemia, normal pregnancy, findings, the patient’s
hemorrhage and leukemia. hematocrit is within normal
Elevated Hct indicates range.
polycythemia vera,
Eclampsia, dehydration and
burns.