I. LEXICO – GRAMMAR (6.

0 POINTS)

Part 1: For questions 1-12, c​hoose the best answers (A, B, C, D) to each of the following
questions and write your answer (A, B, C, D) in the corresponding numbered boxes.
1​. Steven is always _________ about showing up for work because he feels that tardiness is a sign
of irresponsibility.
A. tolerable B. punctual C. literal D. belligerent
2​. Being able to afford this luxury car will ​_________ ​getting a better- paying job.
A. recombinant B. reiterate C. necessitate D. reciprocate
3​. If you will not do your work of your own ​_________ , ​I have no choice but to penalize you if it
is not done on time.
A. coercion B. willingness C. volition D. infusion
4​. To find out what her husband bought for her birthday, Susan attempted to ​_________ ​his family
members about his recent shopping excursions.
A. prescribe B. probe C. alienate D. converge
5​. Continuing strikes are beginning to ​_________ ​havoc on the economy.
A. wreak B. warrant C. ensue D. endow
6​. Searching frantically to find hidden jewels, the thieves ​_________ ​the entire house.
A. justified B. darkened C. amplified D. ransacked
7​. The locals are locked in a bitter ​_________ ​with the government over the ownership of the land.
A. feud B. warfare C. battle D. fight
8​. The Labour Party is divided into two broad ​_________ ​on the issue of the euro: those who want
to enter the monetary union and those who do not.
A. barracks B. camps C. teams D. regiments
9​. I'll ​_________ ​admit that the company isn't doing well, but I don't think there's any need to
panic.
A. readily B. overtly C. bluntly D. explicitly
10​. It's all very ​_________ ​to put more money into research and development, but where's the
money going to come from?
A. right B. correct C. good D. well
11​. The organizers expressed their ​_________ ​at the poor attendance figures.
A. dissention B. disturbance C. discourse D. dismay
12​. The government have ​_________ ​the agreement to subsidize organic farmers.
A. skipped B. scrapped C. scrounged D. scarred
1.B 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.D
7.A 8.A 9.B 10.C 11.A 12.B

Part 2: For questions 13 - 20, write the correct form of each bracketed word in the
corresponding numbered boxes.
13​. The investor can (​MATERIAL​) _________ only those certificates that are already registered
in his name.
14​. Having an accident without insurance can be (​RUIN​) _________ expensive.

Page 1/14
15​. Headmasters are in a unique position of power to mold the minds of (​IMPRESS​) _________
young students.
16​. ​Hundreds of companies across the country have now gone into ​(​RECEIVE​) _________ ​with
debts of several million.
17​. With a (​CONVERT​) ​_________ currency, a rudimentary banking system and no stock
market, the country was struggling.
18​. ​Many economists say any (​PUNISH​) ​_________ ​measures against foreign companies would
hurt U.S. interests.
19​. Ibrahim vaulted to the forefront of a movement generated in large part by social media, which
thrives on emotion and (​SPONTANEOUS​)​ ​_________​.
20​. Before printing processes developed, books took an incredibly long time to make as they had
to be (​PAIN​) _________ written by hand.
13.MATERIALISE 14.RUINOUSLY 15.​IMPRESSIONABL 16.UNRECEIVED
E
17.​UNCONVERTIBLE 18.PUNISHABLE 19.SPONTANEITY 20.PAINFUL

Part 3: ​For questions 21 – 30, ​fill in the gaps in the following sentences with suitable
particles. ​Write your answer in the corresponding numbered boxes.
21​. Japan continues to forge _________ in the manufacture of new electronic equipment.
22​. The explosion had smashed _________ all the ground-floor windows.
23​. It took Sarah some years to work _________ a market for her products
24​. When David goes on one of his European trips, he lashed _________ $ 2,000 on presents for
the whole family.
25​. You can see from here how the river bank is slowly being eaten _________.
26​. The company plans to roll _________ the scheme across Europe in the coming months.
27​. Ned, the General Editor, led _________ with a general survey of the objectives to be aimed at.
28​. Is there an easy way to stop him droning _________ about the internal combustion engine?
29​. Scheme after scheme, absolutely foolproof, has been spoilt from the beginning by my never
having enough capital to carry it _________.
30​. The tension between the two countries has eased _________.
21.AHEAD 22.UP 23.IN 24.OUT 25.AWAY
26.IN 27.ON 28.AWAY 29.ON 30.OFF

Part 4: For questions 36-40, choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that is
CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions. Write your
answer in the corresponding numbered boxes.
36​. On 20th July, the town council was ​convened​ to hear an emergency report on its finances.
A. summoned B. dispersed C. adjourned D. accumulated
37​. They consider themselves to be ​benevolent​ employers, providing sick pay and pensions for all
their workers.
A. benign B. spiteful C. affable D. indolent
38​. These ​deluxe hotels in Thailand are unsurpassed in style and comfort by the majority of their
counterparts elsewhere in the world.
A. commodious B. opulent C. destitute D. inferior
39​. The tour operator will arrange transport and plan your ​itinerary​.
Page 2/14
A. circuit B. contrivance C. disposition D. inferior
40​. He was ​ostracized​ by his colleagues for refusing to support the strike.
A. coveted B. shunned C. relish D. thwart
36.A 37.A 38.B 39.A 40.B
Part 5: The following passage contains 10 mistakes. ​For questions 41 - 50,​ find and correct
them. ​Write your answer in the corresponding numbered boxes.

Line 1 After my internship finished, I wasn't offered a permanent position as I hoped I

would be. My line manager said that this was not a reflection of the way I had
performed but rather of the economic reality of life in post- recession Britain.
Perhaps, truth said, it was no harm that I was let go. I must say I never found her
Line 5 brand of leadership particularly inspired at any rate. She was an autocrat and ruled by
an iron fist. There was a clear hierarchy that had to be respected.
Well, with little money and that I had of it fast disappearing, I was fairly desperate
and necessity forced my hand so I gave the first job that came along - quite literally,
and, before I had quite let it sink in, I was enrolled in a paid apprenticeship program
Line 10 at Lawry and Sons - not one in the traditional sense as it applies to the trades mind,
but rather a program sponsored by the Law Society as an alternative route of entry
into the profession by way of gaining practical, paid experience in a law firm without
also studying part-time.
While outwardly, I would from now on be considered a white-collar worker: a
Line 15 professional in a respected field, in reality, the remuneration package was pretty
modest and I barely kept myself above the dreaded poverty threshold for the first
year or two, such was the financial strain of having to cover rent and utilities as well
as the bare necessities of day-to-day living in the city with the highest cost of living
in Europe. However, as my studies progressed, I do a steady progression up through
Line 20
the ranks of the firm.
Indeed, it wasn't long after I became fully qualified that I made partner. And I
enjoyed my work as much as a person can ‘enjoy’ working. There was good
camaraderie in the team, and the fringe benefits were considerable; l had a company
Line 25 car and a generous pension, to that only my employer was expected to contribute, as
well as access to the company gym twenty-four, seven. Life was good.

Line Mistake Correction Line Mistake Correction

41. 1 HOPED HAD 46. 8 GAVE TOOK
HOPED
42. 2 OF ON 47. 12 WITHOUT WHILE
43. 3 SAID TOLD 48. 14 NOW THEN
44. 5 BY WITH 49. 5 INSPIRED INSPIRING
45. 7 THAT WHAT 50. 19 DO MADE

III. READING (6.0 POINTS)

Page 3/14
Part 1: For questions 1 – 10, fill each of the following numbered blanks with ONE suitable
word and write your answers in the corresponding boxes provided below the passage.

Uber Booted Out of London Over ‘Safety and Security’

Mayor of London says the ride-hailing service gave the city no choice but to order it to cease
operations.
It’s almost (​1​) __________ to make Londoners panic but there were gasps of distress across the
capital Friday when the mayor announced that Uber was to be banned from the city.
Since its (​2​) __________ in 2012, Uber has completely transformed London’s transport system.
Unlike major cities from New York to Mumbai, there has never been an affordable citywide
network of private-hire vehicles to (​3​) __________ the train and bus systems. Black cabs were
largely the (​4​) __________ of city workers and tourists, being too expensive for weekly or even
monthly use for most Londoners. The explosion of Uber, which has 3.5 million (​5​) __________ in
London, has fundamentally changed the way people navigate the city.
Sadiq Khan, the mayor of London, said he accepted that millions of Londoners had benefited from
Uber, but claimed that the company’s refusal to “play by the rules” meant there was no option but
to (​6​) __________ Uber’s license.
Transport officials ruled that the ride-sharing service (​7​) __________ the safety and security of its
passengers at risk and should be halted by the end of the month.
“Providing an innovative service must not be at the (​8​) __________ of customer safety and
security,” he said. “It would be wrong if [Transport for London] continued to license Uber if there
is any way that this could pose a threat to Londoners' safety and security.”
Uber’s current license will (​9​) __________ Sept. 30, although it will be allowed to carry on
operating during an appeal so it is unlikely that Ubers will disappear from London’s congested
roads before mid-October at the earliest.
There is no doubt that Uber will appeal against this shock ruling. “If this decision stands, it will put
more than 40,000 licensed drivers out of work and (​10​) __________ Londoners of a convenient
and affordable form of transport,” said Tom Elvidge, Uber’s general manager. “This ban would
show the world that, far from being open, London is closed to innovative companies who bring
choice to consumers.”
1.IMPOSSIBLE 2.ARRIVAL 3.COMPLEME 4.PRESERVE 5.USERS
NT
6.REVOKE 7.PUTS 8.EXPENSE 9.EXPIRE 10.DEPRIVE

Part 2: Read the following passage and answer questions 11 – 17.

Several paragraphs have been removed from the passage. Choose from paragraph A – H the
one which fits each gap. There is ONE extra paragraph which you do not need to use. Write
your answers in the corresponding boxes provided below the passage.

Nineteenth century life in English cities

One of the greatest problems created by the rise of great cities in Britain in the nineteenth century
was: where should the population be housed? The early Victorians spent little on housing and their
children died young; later Victorians spent more and experienced longer life. This was not a
triumph of medical cures, but of political action and public investment in engineering and
preventive medicine.
11​. ______

Page 4/14
The borough engineer painted a lurid picture of the conditions residents endured, explaining how
courts had no through ventilation, and normally contained 'the privy or ashpit common to all the
wretched dwellings, with its liquid filth oozing through their walls, and its pestiferous gases
flowing into the windows'.
12​. ______
These conditions caused considerable alarm to the more affluent members of society - and not
simply from a charitable concern for the social conditions of the poor. The warren of streets posed
a threat to public order, allowing criminals to escape observation in the 'rookeries' described by
Charles Dickens in Oliver Twist.
13​. ______
Until the general acceptance of the germ theory of disease in the later nineteenth century, fevers
and epidemics were explained by 'miasmas', exhalations from decaying matter which poisoned the
air.
14​. ______
The need for observation and ventilation meant opening up the city and improving the process of
circulation, much as an individual's health depended on the circulation of blood and oxygen. One
answer was to demolish slums by driving railways to new stations or building new roads to allow
the passage of traffic.
15​. ______
Some charities most famously the Peabody Trust in London built new model housing on the
cleared land, but to little avail. The new housing was often grim, forbidding barrack blocks, and
rents were too high for many of the people who were displaced from the slums.
16​. ______
This change in the design of housing complemented the public investment in sewers and water
supply. At the same time/ the income of most working class people started to rise at an
unprecedented rate. The price of food started to drop with the ready availability of cheap imports
from across the Atlantic - and the drop in the cost of feeding a family resulted in higher spending
on housing.
17​. ______
The result was a great improvement in urban health. These houses were themselves attacked by the
end of the century for their monotony, and reformers argued for a more imaginative form of
'garden suburb' architectural style which came to dominate the new suburban council houses of the
1920s and 1930s.

A​. But was there any reason for optimism? The towns offered a better chance of work and higher
wages than the countryside, where many families were trapped in dire poverty and seasonal
employment. On the other hand, the countryside was healthier. Life expectancy in a desperately
unhealthy large town was considerably lower than in a small market town.

B​. Despite these continuing problems of poor housing, conditions did improve from the 1870s with
the construction of new, healthier housing. The Public Health Act required local authorities to
implement building regulations or bye-laws, which dictated that each house should be
self-contained with its own sanitation and water.

C​. Initially, the question was dealt with by subdividing existing property and cramming more
accommodation into backyards. Cities became more densely packed, creating dead-ends and foul

Page 5/14
alleys. In Liverpool, about a quarter of the population lived in courts in the early 1840s, and
perhaps ten per cent lived in cellars.

D​. Soon, huge numbers of new bye-law houses were being constructed in English cities: long rows
of terraced housing, in grids of streets, easily cleaned and inspected. In Scotland, most residents of
the great cities lived in high-rise tenements, but even so the amenities improved and the level of
over- crowding fell.

E​. Conditions within the houses were no better. Commissioners appointed to enquire into the
cholera outbreak in Newcastle-upon-Tyne found that about 50 per cent of families had only a
single room. Most houses did not have an independent water supply or privy, and what was shared
was often the responsibility of no one. The low life expectancy of babies born into such conditions
is easily understood.

F​. Hence the decision to build Shaftesbury Avenue in London's West End, cutting through some of
the worse slums of Soho. Little was done for the wretchedly poor people who lost their housing, so
they simply huddled together in the next block.

G​. Hence the alarm of the crisis aptly known as the 'Great Stink of London,' when, due to the
amount of raw sewage flowing into the Thames from sewers, the smell became overpowering.
What was required was through ventilation, the provision of parks to act as 'lungs' for the cities,
and a general process of cleansing.

H​. The streets should be opened up to observation by the police and sanitary inspectors. The lack
of through ventilation, the putrefaction and stench described in Liverpool, was also a threat to
public health - of the rich as well as the poor.
11.C 12.E 13.H 14.G 15.F 16.B 17.D

Part 3: Read the following passage and answer questions 18 – 30.

Saving the British Bitterns
A. ​Breeding bitterns became extinct in the UK by 1886 but, following re-colonisation early last
century, numbers rose to a peak of about 70 booming (singing) males in the 1950s, falling to fewer
than 20 by the 1990s. In the late 1980s it was clear that the bittern was in trouble, but there was
little information on which to base recovery actions.
B. ​Bitterns have cryptic plumage and a shy nature, usually remaining hidden within the cover of
reedbed vegetation. Our first challenge was to develop standard methods to monitor their numbers.
The boom of the male bittern is its most distinctive feature during the breeding season, and we
developed a method to count them using the sound patterns unique to each individual. This not
only allows us to be much more certain of the number of booming males in the UK, but also
enables us to estimate local survival of males from one year to the next..
C. ​Our first direct understanding of the habitat needs of breeding bitterns came from comparisons
of reedbedsites that had lost their booming birds with those that retained them. This research
showed that bitterns had been retained in reedbeds where the natural process of succession, or
drying out, had been slowed through management. Based on this work, broad recommendations on
how to manage and ​rehabilitate ​reedbeds for bitterns were made, and funding was provided

Page 6/14
through the EU LIFE Fund to manage 13 sites within the core breeding range. This project, though
led by the RSPB, involved many other organizations.
D. ​To refine these recommendations and provide fine-scale, quantitative habitat prescriptions on
the bitterns preferred feeding habitat, we radio-tracked male bitterns on the RSPB’s Minsmere and
Leighton Moss reserves. This showed clear preferences for feeding in the wetter reedbed margins,
particularly within the reedbed next to larger open pools. The average home range sizes of the
male bitterns we followed (about 20 hectares) provided a good indication of the area of reedbed
needed when managing or creating habitat for this species. Female bitterns undertake all the
incubation and care of the young, so it was important to understand their needs as well. Over the
course of our research, we located 87 bittern nests and found that female bitterns preferred to nest
in areas of continuous vegetation, well into the reedbed, but where water was still present during
the driest part of the breeding season.
E. ​The success of the habitat prescriptions developed from this research has been spectacular. For
instance, at Minsmere, booming bittern numbers gradually increased from one to 10 following
reedbed lowering, a management technique designed to halt the drying out process. After a low
point of 11 booming males in 1997, bittern numbers in Britain responded to all the habitat
management work and started to increase for the first time since the 1950s.
F. ​The final phase of research involved understanding the diet, survival and dispersal of bittern
chicks. To do this we fitted small radio tags to young bittern chicks in the nest, to determine their
fate through to fledging and beyond. Many chicks did not survive to fledging and starvation was
found to be the most likely reason for their demise. The fish prey fed to chicks was dominated by
those species penetrating into the reed edge. So, an important element of recent studies (including
a PhD with the University of Hull) has been the development of recommendations on habitat and
water conditions to promote healthy native fish populations.
G. ​Once independent, radio-tagged young bitterns were found to seek out new sites during their
first winter; a proportion of these would remain on new sites to breed if the conditions were
suitable. A second EU LIFE funded project aims to provide these suitable sites in new areas. A
network of 19 sites developed through this partnership project will secure a more sustainable UK
bittern population with successful breeding outside of the core area, less vulnerable to chance
events and sea level rise.
H. ​By 2004, the number of booming male bitterns in the UK had increased to 55, with almost all
of the increase being on those sites undertaking management based on advice derived from our
research. Although science has been at the core of the bittern story, success has only been achieved
through the trust, hard work and dedication of all the managers, owners and wardens of sites that
have implemented, in some cases very drastic, management to secure the future of this wetland
species in the UK. The constructed bunds and five major sluices now control the water level over
82 ha, with a further 50 ha coming under control in the winter of 2005/06. Reed establishment has
principally used natural regeneration or planted seedlings to provide small core areas that will in
time expand to create a bigger reed area. To date nearly 275,000 seedlings have been planted and
reed cover is extensive. Over 3 km of new ditches have been formed, 3.7 km of existing ditch have
been re-profiled and 2.2 km of old meander (former estuarine features) has been cleaned out.
I. ​Bitterns now regularly winter on the site some indication that they are staying longer into the
spring. No breeding has yet occurred but a booming male was present in the spring of 2004. A
range of wildfowl breed, as well as a good number of reedbed passerines including reed bunting,
reed, sedge and grasshopper warblers. Numbers of wintering shoveler have increased so that the
site now holds a UK important wintering population. Malltraeth Reserve now forms part of the UK
network of key sites for water vole (a UK priority species) and 12 monitoring transects has been
established. Otter and brown-hare occur on the site as does the rare plant.

Page 7/14
For questions 18 – 24, choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-H from the list below.
There is TWO extra headings that you do not need to use. Write your answers in the
corresponding space provided.
List of Headings
i. research findings into habitats and decisions made
ii. fluctuation in bittern number
iii. protect the young bittern
iv. international cooperation works
v. began in calculation of the number
vi. importance of food
vii. research has been successful.
viii. research into the reedbed
ix. reserve established holding bittern in winter

18. Paragraph A ____ii___

19. Paragraph B ____v___
20. Paragraph C ____i____
21. Paragraph D ____viii____
22. Paragraph E ____vii__
Paragraph F _____vi
23. Paragraph G ____iii____
24. Paragraph H _____iv___

For questions 25 – 30, choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER
from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in the corresponding space provided.
25​. When did the bird of bittern reach its peak of number?
___1950s________________________________
26​. What does the author describe the bittern’s character?
___Being shy________________________________
27​. What is the main cause for the chick bittern’s death?
___Starvation_______________________________
28​. What is the main food for chick bittern?
___Native fish________________________________
29​. What system does it secure the stability for bittern’s population?
___Partnership project network________________________________
30​. Besides bittern and rare vegetation, what mammal does the plan benefit?
___Otter and brown________________________________

Part 4: Read an article about the attraction of buying and renovating old houses and answer
questions 31 – 40.
A​. ​Years ago, glancing through the property pages of the newspaper one evening, I stumbled upon
a tiny photograph of a small ivy-clad stone house with a triangle of blue sea in the background.
‘For sale by auction’ it said, ‘guide price: £80,000.’ Even if I’d been looking for a country house,
and I wasn’t, I’d hardly have opted for one in such a remote area, yet somehow that little image
became lodged in my mind. Next day, on a whim, I rang the selling agent. The house, I gleaned,
gloried in the name Desolate, was truly in the middle of nowhere and hadn’t been touched in half a
century. Intrigued, I immediately felt an urge to go and see it for myself. So, it was that the

Page 8/14
following weekend, after an inordinately long drive down from London with the whole family in
tow, I found myself edging up the seemingly interminable farm track that led up to Desolate from
the main road. It turned out to be two little houses joined by a stone archway. On one side was a
clapped out electricity generator; on the other, a couple of dingy rooms downstairs and a couple
more upstairs, all with rotten windows and peeling, brown wallpaper. But from the sitting-room
window was a view of a garden gate opening onto a field with the sea cliffs beyond. On seeing
that, I was smitten.
B. For more than 50 years, or so the story went, it had been home to a woman aviator called Miss
Darker whose wartime exploits had allegedly inspired Michael Ondaatje's novel, ​The English
Patient. ​In the film, she’s played by Kristin Scott Thomas and meets a nasty end in the North
African desert. The real-life Miss Darker returned home and spent the rest of her life as a recluse at
Desolate. All of this just added to my conviction: I just had to have her house. I didn’t care that my
children thought it the grottiest thing ever, pointing out that despite the view there was no access to
the sea, and it was miles to the nearest shop. My ears were closed to such details. I was in love and
would elope if need be. I spent the next two weeks gazing rapt at the photos I’d taken and counting
money.
C. ​On the day of the auction, I drove down with an old friend. I took her to see Desolate first,
showing it to her with anxious pride as I would show her a man I was marrying. Yes, she said. She
understood. The sale was being held in a quiet local town, but as we arrived I sensed my plan was
going awry. The car park was jammed with large 4x4s and the room itself was full of braying
Londoners: mostly women with expensively abundant hair, all looking strained and excited. I took
my place in the front row so I wouldn’t have to see the others crammed in behind me. The bidding
started at £50,000 and went up slowly. When it paused at £120,000, I was about to raise a shaking
hand, but it raced on up, far out of reach until Desolate eventually sold for the best part of half a
million. I couldn’t look at the man who’d bought it. I got into the car and wept. It was shameful for
an unsentimental, middle-aged woman to be brought so low by a heap of stone and a view. But I
was desolate over Desolate.
D. ​The memory of that thwarted love affair came back to me recently when a friend called to tell
me about a house she’d seen that was far too expensive for her and suited her in no way. I could
hear in her voice that it was pointless trying to talk sense into her. I started to wonder what it is
about these houses that can hold such allure for people that they sell for many times their value.
Internet message boards are testimony to the fact that it’s by no means an uncommon scenario.
Perhaps the real reason has little to do with bricks or mortar. You look at a view and you think:
‘This will make my life different.’ And of course, the houses we fall for most are those that need
us most – those where we can most easily make our mark and become part of their history. In the
end, we did buy a house; an ugly, cheap and practical one. But the sea is easily reached and
through repeated use I've grown fond of it. Yet in writing this article I’ve looked again at the
photographs took of Desolate all those years ago and my heart still aches, just a bit.
In which section does the writer
31​. accept that the location of the house called Desolate left a lot to be desired?
32​. admit to harboring some regrets about a missed opportunity?
33​. attempt to rationalize her feelings about the house she wanted to buy?
34​. draw an analogy to underline how seriously she took an idea?
35​. pinpoint the moment when she decided to go for something?
36​. mention feelings of curiosity arising out of a conversation?
37​. recount the story of another person who experienced similar feelings to her own?
38​. recall getting the first inkling that a dream wouldn’t be realized?
39​. remember ignoring sensible misgivings about a plan?
40​. suggest that her behavior on one occasion was out of character?
Page 9/14
31.A 32.D 33.D 34.B 35.A
36.D 37.B 38.C 39.B 40.A

IV. WRITING (5.0 POINTS)

Part 1: Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence,
using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and ten
words, including the word given.
1​. Her promotion to Sales Manager made her parents extremely happy. (​CLOUD​)
Her parents wouldn’t _​HAVE BEEN ON CLOUD NINE WITHOUT HER PROMOTION​_to
Sales Manager.
2​. I finally managed to persuade Simon to tell me his big secret — he's getting married! (​BEANS​)
I finally got Simon to _​SPILL THE BEANS ABOUT​_his wedding.
3​. That the prices of almost goods are increased forced people to spend less money. (​BELT​)
People had to _​TIGHTEN THEIR BELT BECAUSE OF​_the increase in the price of almost
goods.
4​. The marketing manager suggested not appointing any new staff. (​FREEZE​)
The marketing manager _​SUGGESTED A FREEZE ON THE APPOINTMENT OF​_of new
staff.
5​. Both parties prepared themselves to face a long legal battle. (​BRACED​)
Both parties _​BRACED THEMSELVES UP TO FACE​_a long legal battle.

Page 10/14