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Ansi A 1264 1 2007 PDF
Ansi A 1264 1 2007 PDF
1-2007
ANSI/ASSE A1264.1-2007
Safety Requirements for Workplace
Walking/Working
Surfaces and Their Access; Workplace,
Floor, Wall and Roof Openings; Stairs
and Guardrails Systems
ANSI/ASSE A1264.1-2007
A S AMERICAN SOCIETY OF
S E SAFETY ENGINEERS
Secretariat
This standard was developed by an American National Standards Committee, national in scope,
functioning under the procedures of the American National Standards Institute with the
American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) as Secretariat. This standard establishes
minimum safety requirements for workplace floor and wall openings, stairs and railing systems.
It is intended that the procedures and performance requirements detailed herein will be adopted
by every employer whose operations fall within the scope and purpose of the standard.
Neither the standards committee, nor the Secretariat, feel that this standard is perfect or in its
ultimate form. It is recognized that new developments are to be expected, and that revisions of
the standard will be necessary as the art progresses and further experience is gained. It is felt,
however, that uniform requirements are very much needed and that the standard in its present
form provides for the minimum performance requirements necessary for the protection of
personnel regarding workplace floor and wall openings, stairs and railing systems.
In addition to technical improvements, this revision contains two new definitions and four new
illustrations to help clarify text in the standard.
Suggestions for improvements of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to the
American Society of Safety Engineers, 1800 East Oakton Street, Des Plaines, Illinois 60018.
The left column, designated “Standard Requirements,” is confined solely to these requirements. Where
supporting photographs or sketches are required, they are designated as “figures.”
The right column, designated “Explanatory Information,” contains only information that is intended to
clarify the standards. This column is not a part of the standard.
Operating rules (safe practices) are not included in either column, unless they are of such a nature as to
be vital safety requirements, equal in weight to other requirements, or guides to assist in compliance with
the standard.
1.1.1 Excluded from this standard are: E1.1.1 Recognizing that the special safety
private residences; escalators; moving requirements necessary for stages, orches-
walks; stairs or ramps serving floating roof tra pits, churches, school auditoriums, and
tanks; floor openings occupied by elevators, athletic assembly occupancies may not be
manlifts, dumbwaiters, conveyors, machin- adequately covered by other codes or
ery, containers; the loading and unloading standards, this standard may provide the
areas of truck, railroad, and marine docks; minimum safety performance requirements
self-propelled motorized mobile equipment; to protect the occupants. See ANSI/ASSE
platforms; scaffolds; and construction work A10.18, Safety Requirements for Temporary
areas. Floors, Holes, Wall Openings, Stairways
and Other Unprotected Edges in
Construction and Demolition Operations.
1.3 Application.
1.3.1 The requirements of this standard E1.3.1 The requirements of this standard
apply to new and existing installations and can be effectively applied during alterations
workplace exposures to fall hazards. of existing facilities or when major changes
are made to work areas.
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A1264.1 – 2007
2. DEFINITIONS
2.1 Alternating Tread Type Stair. E2.1 For more information please
Series of treads usually attached to a center review Figures 2.1:A and 2.1:B.
support in an alternating manner so that a
user of the stair normally does not have both
feet on the same level (see Figure 2.1:A and
Figure 2.1:B).
2.4 Floor Hole/Opening. Floor hole/ E2.4 Skylights located in floors or roofs
opening measuring over two inches (51mm) are considered floor or roof hole/openings.
in any direction of a walking/working surface
which persons may trip or fall into or where
objects may fall to the level below.
Figure 2.5:A
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A1264.1 – 2007
Figure 2.5:B
Figure 2.6:A
Figure 2.6B
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A1264.1 – 2007
2.10 Nosing. Leading edge of a tread E2.10 For more information refer to
or platform. (See Figure 2.10.) Figure 2.10.
Figure 2.10
2.13 Pit. A recessed opening in the E2.13 A recessed opening in the floor
floor used for workers to stand in while intended for transferring materials would
servicing vehicles or equipment from below. also be considered a pit. A pit would be
considered as a floor hole/opening.
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A1264.1 – 2007
2.16 Ramp. Sloped walking surface for E2.16 Ramps generally are any walking
access from one level to another. surface with a slope greater than 1:20.
2.22 Ship Stairs (Ship Ladders). E2.22 For more information refer to
Typically a series of treads angled at Figure 2.22.
between 50 and 70 degrees with open risers
(see Figure 2.22).
Figure 2.22
2.23 Spiral Stairs. One or more series E2.23 For more information refer to
of treads attached to a vertical pole and Figure 2.23.
progressing from one level or floor to
another in a helical fashion within a
cylindrical space (see Figure 2.23).
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A1264.1 – 2007
Figure 2.23
2.24 Stairway. One or more flights of E2.24 Scaffolds, ladders and other like
stairs, either exterior or interior, with the devices are not considered stairs.
necessary landings and platforms
connecting them, to form a continuous and
uninterrupted passage from one level to
another.
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A1264.1 – 2007
3.1 Stairway Floor Opening. Every E3.1 A load bearing cover or guardrail
stairway floor opening shall be guarded by a system is required over infrequently used
guardrail system as specified in Section 5.4. stairways which are located in passageways
The guardrail shall be provided on all (such as aisle spaces). The guardrail
exposed sides, except at entrance to system would then require the use of
stairway. removable railing systems on all exposed
sides, except at entrance to stairways. The
removable railing system should be hinged
or otherwise mounted so as to come into
position automatically with the opening of
the cover.
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A1264.1 – 2007
3.4.1 Warning labeling shall comply with E3.4.1 Warning labels should be legible
requirements set forth in ANSI Z535, Safety for the life of the product and remain
Color Code, and shall be tested for durability attached unless forcibly removed.
in expected environmental conditions.
Labels identifying the manufacturer, date of There is a Z535 family of American National
manufacturer shall be placed on all Standards addressing signs and symbols.
skylights, so as to be readable when Please refer to the series for the appropriate
installed. standard to use.
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A1264.1 – 2007
3.6 Pit, Trap Door, and Manhole E3.6 The load-bearing cover should not
Floor Opening. Every pit, trap door, and create a tripping hazard. Consideration
manhole floor opening shall be guarded by a should be given as to the ease of
secure load-bearing cover. When the cover unintended displacement of a load bearing
is not in place, the pit, trap or manhole cover, depending on its securement
openings shall be protected along the method. The opening would require
exposed perimeter by a removable railing attendance until the protection system is
system. installed. When a removable railing is not
practical somebody should be constantly
attending the opening with the intent of
preventing somebody from falling in.
3.7 Pit Safety Nets. Pit safety nets E3.7 It is important for users to follow
are acceptable alternatives when other the manufacturer’s instructions. Periodic
protective systems included in this standard visual inspections are needed to guard
are not feasible or practical for use. The against fraying, ripping, or degradation of pit
safety net system shall be installed per the safety nets and the hardware.
manufacturers installation instructions.
For more information please review:
Pit safety nets included in this standard shall
comply with: CFR 1926.502(c)(4)(i), Safety Net Systems
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A1264.1 – 2007
5. PROTECTION OF OPEN-SIDED
FLOORS, PLATFORMS, RUNWAYS, AND
RAMPS
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A1264.1 – 2007
5.2 Runway. Every runway shall be E5.2 For more information about fall
guarded by a railing system (or the arrest please review ANSI/ASSE Z359.1,
equivalent as specified in Section 5.6) along Safety Requirements for Personal Fall
all open sides four feet (1.22m) or more Arrest Systems, Sub-Systems, and
above floor or ground level. Wherever tools, Components.
machine parts or objects are likely to be
used on the runway, a toeboard shall also
be provided along each exposed side.
Runways used exclusively for special
purposes may have the railing on one side
omitted where operating conditions
necessitate such omission provided the
falling hazard is minimized by using a
runway of not less than 18 inches (457mm)
in width. In such situations persons shall be
required to use an appropriate fall arrest
system.
5.3 Hazardous Location. Regardless E5.3 For more information about fall
of height, open sided floors, walkways, protection please review ANSI/ASSE
platforms, or runways above or adjacent to Z359.1, Safety Requirements for Personal
dangerous equipment, pickling or galvan- Fall Arrest Systems, Sub-Systems, and
izing tanks, degreasing unit, and similar Components.
hazards, such as regular work space at the
edge of roofs, shall be guarded with a railing
system and toeboard. Where routine access
is required, a removable railing system shall
be provided and persons shall be required
to use an appropriate fall arrest system.
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A1264.1 – 2007
5.5 Stair Railing System. A stair E5.5 On open-sided stairs the stair
railing system shall be of construction railing system is also the guardrail and
similar to a guardrail system except it shall generally is not more than 42 inches in
be made from round pipe for the graspable height. A separate handrail may be
handrail sections, but the vertical height required depending on the width of the
shall be not more than 42 inches (1067mm) stairway.
or less than 34 inches (864mm) from the
upper surface of the top rail to the surface of
the tread in line with the face of the riser at
the forward edge of the tread.
5.6.1 The anchorage of posts and E5.6.1 For more information please
framing members for railing systems of all reference ASTM E985-00e1, Standard
types shall be designed using standard Specification for Permanent Metal Railing
engineering practices and safety factors. Systems and Rails for Buildings, Section 6,
The completed railing systems shall be for metal railings.
designed using standard engineering
practices and safety factors. The completed Horizontal test would be applied at
railing systems shall be designed and potentially weakest point of ornamental
constructed for its intended use to preclude railing systems.
system failure. As a minimum, it shall
withstand a concentrated load of 200 From a safety viewpoint, a residual
pounds (90.7kg) applied in any direction, deflection in excess of one half inch may
except upward, at the midpoint between indicate potential failure.
posts without exceeding maximum allowable
deflection. The intermediate rail shall be
capable of withstanding a horizontal load of
160 pounds force applied perpendicularly at
midpoint and midheight without exceeding
the maximum allowable deflection of three
inches (76mm). The end or terminal post
shall be capable of withstanding a load of
200 pounds (90.7kg) applied in any direction
at the top of the post. The above loads are
not additive.
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A1264.1 – 2007
All members shall be capable of withstand forces noted in Section 5.6.1, the
withstanding a concentrated load of 200 sag at midpoint should be maintained at
pounds (90.7kg) applied at any point, in any less than three inches (76mm). Rope,
direction except upward. chain, or cable are acceptable materials in
certain applications where deflection
requirements are meet.
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A1264.1 – 2007
5.11 Skylight Screen. Skylight screens E5.11 The skylight construction may be
shall be of such construction and mounting of grillwork with openings not more than four
that they are capable of withstanding a inches (102mm), or of slat work with
concentrated load of at least 200 pounds openings not more than two inches (51mm)
(90.7kg) applied perpendicular to any one wide, with length unrestricted. The screen
area of one square foot dimension of the should be tested by the manufacturer to
screen. They shall also be of such show its capacity meets the requirements of
construction and mounting that, under the application.
ordinary loads or impacts, they will not
deflect downward sufficiently to break the
skylight or glass below them.
6.1 Fixed Stairs for Access. Fixed E6.1 Single risers and flights of three
stairs shall be provided for access from one risers or less (short flights) are considered
level to another where operations stairs and should meet all requirements for
necessitate normal travel between levels, stairs. Treads of short flights should not be
and for access to operating platforms for less than 13 inches (330mm) of tread depth,
any equipment that requires routine and their presence and location should be
attention. Changes in level (elevation) of facilitated to improve step identification
less than 21 inches (533mm) shall be through the use of visual cues, which
achieved either by a ramp or stair. Stairs include: handrails; delineated nosing edges;
serving as a required means of egress for tactile cues; warning signs; contrast in
life safety (evacuation) shall comply with surface colors; and accent lighting.
NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, the
International Building Code (IBC), and/or
applicable building codes, regulations,
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A1264.1 – 2007
6.1.1 Spiral stairs, ship ladders, or E6.1.1 Three point contact should be
alternating tread devices shall not be used at all times when ascending or
permitted in new construction, unless space descending spiral stairs, ship stairs or
limitations make it unfeasible to use alternating tread stairs. Some alternating
conventional stair designs. tread stairs are built to be descended facing
away from the stair, making three point
Exception: For special limited usage and contact a necessity. Three point contact
secondary access situations where it is not means that either both hands and one foot,
practical to provide a conventional stairway, or both feet and one hand are in contact
spiral stairs, ship ladders, or alternating with the climbing device at all times.
tread devices are permitted (see Figures
6.1.1:A, 6.1.1:B, and 6.1.1:C). For more information refer to Figures
6.1.1:A, 6.1.1:B, and 6.1.1:C.
Figure 6.1.1:A
Figure 6.1.1:B
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A1264.1 – 2007
Figure 6.1.1:C
6.4 Slope. Fixed stairs shall be E6.4 The preferred slope for a stairway
installed, depending upon their type, at is 30 to 35 degrees from the horizontal (see
angles to the horizontal of thirty and seventy Figure 6.4). The International Building Code
degrees. (IBC), and/or applicable building codes,
regulations, standards or ordinances should
also be considered.
Figure 6.4
6.5 Tread Depth and Riser Height. E6.5 Depending on the stair type,
Any uniform combination of tread-riser certain riser and tread dimensions could be
dimensions shall be used that results in a limited. The International Building Code
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A1264.1 – 2007
stairway at an angle to the horizontal within (IBC), NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, OSHA
the permissible range; but minimum tread regulations, and/or building codes, regula-
depth and maximum riser height shall be tions, standards or ordinances should also
nine and one-half inches (241mm). be considered.
6.6 Nosing. Nosings shall have an E6.6 Any add-on nosings should be of
even leading edge and not extend more construction as to be adequately secured
than one and one-half inches (38mm) and maintained so that it does not present
beyond the face of the lower riser. tripping or falling hazards. Any add-on
nosings should be of a contrasting color or
its equivalent to make the edge of the stair
clearly visible. The International Building
Code (IBC), NFPA 101, Life Safety Code,
OSHA regulations, building codes,
regulations, standards or ordinances should
also be considered.
6.7 Slip Resistance. All treads and E6.7 For more information about slip
nosings shall be of slip resistant material. resistance please review ANSI/ASSE
A1264.2, Standard for the Provision of Slip
Resistance on Walking/Working Surfaces.
The International Building Code (IBC),
NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, OSHA
regulations, building codes, regulations,
standards or ordinances should also be
considered.
6.8 Uniformity of Risers and Treads. E6.8 Variation in excess of 3/16 inches
Riser height and tread depth shall be (4.8 mm) in the depth of adjacent treads or
uniform throughout any flight of stairs in the height of adjacent risers should be
including any foundation structure used as avoided. The tolerance between the largest
one or more treads of the stairs. and smallest riser or between the largest
and smallest tread should not exceed 3/8
inches (9.5 mm) in any flight.
6.9 Long Flight of Stairs. Flights of E6.9 Flights (runs) of stairs are
stairs, uninterrupted by landings, or generally 12 feet (3.66m) vertical between
intermediate platforms shall be avoided. landing, but not more than 15 feet (4.5m).
The International Building Code (IBC),
NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, building
codes, regulations, standards or ordinances
should also be considered.
6.11 Door and Gate Openings. Stairs E6.11 For more information please
shall have landings at door openings and review Figure 6.11.
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A1264.1 – 2007
Figure 6.11
6.13 Open Risers. Spiral stairs, ship E6.13 Open risers are needed on certain
ladders, or alternating tread devices having narrow tread and steep angled stair systems
tread depth of less than nine and one-half and exterior structures. Spiral stairs, ship
inches (241mm) shall have open risers. ladders, and alternating tread devices are
permissible by Section 6.1.1 under certain
conditions.
7.2 Stair Railing System/Handrail E7.2 Single risers and flights of three
Required Use. Every flight of stairs shall be risers or less (short flights) are considered
equipped with a handrail system as stairs and should meet all requirements for
specified in 7.2.1 through 7.2.6. Stair width, stairs. Treads of short flights should not be
for the purposes of applying the provisions less than 13 inches (330mm), and their
of this section shall be nominal width of the presence and location should be facilitated
stair. to improve step identification through the
use of visual cues, which include: handrails;
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A1264.1 – 2007
Figure 7.2
7.2.4 Stairways of more than 44 inches E7.2.4 Any stairway more than 75 inches
(1.1m) in width, but not exceeding 88 inches (1.9 m) in width should have an intermediate
(2.2m) in width, shall have one handrail on handrail. Additional intermediate handrails
each enclosed side and one stair-railing should be provided so that all portions of the
system on each open side. stairway width are within 30 inches (762mm)
of a handrail.
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD A1264.1 – 2007
(2.2m) in width, shall have one handrail on should be provided so that all portions of the
each enclosed side, one stair-railing system stairway width are within 30 inches (762mm)
on each open side, and one intermediate of a handrail.
stair-railing system located approximately
midway of the width of the stairway.
7.2.6 Exterior stairways that have earth E7.2.6 Additional intermediate handrails
built up on both sides shall have a railing should be provided so that all portions of the
system on both sides. stairway width are within 30 inches (762mm)
of a handrail.
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A S
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