wOHhk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% ^Wiia fm<&

13 jk fY%aKsh
isú,a ;dlaIKfõoh
úIh ks¾foaYh
^2009 j¾Ifha is g l% s h d;a u l fõ'&

;dla I K wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka ; = j

úoHd yd ;dla I K mS G h
cd;s l wOHdmk wdh;kh
uyr.u
1'0 ye|skaùu

oekg mj;sk wOHdmk l%uh ;=<ska mdi,ska msg jk isiqkag Wiia ;dlaIKfõo mdGud,d yeoEÍug ,nd oS we;s wjia:d
úr, h'

w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& i|yd ks¾foaYs; ;dlaIKfõoh úIh ud,dj l,d úIh Odrdj hgf;a y|qkajd oS we;af;a ;dlaIKfõoh
úIhkag wod< ksmqK;d ixj¾Okh lr .ekSu mdi,a isiqkag wjia:dj ,nd oSu msKsi h'

fuu úIh ud,dj uDÿ ;dlaIKfõoh yd oDG ;dlaIKfõoh hkqfjka m%Odk ixrpl follska iukaú; fõ' fï tla tla
ixrplh ;=< 12 jk fY%aKsh i|yd mokï mdGud,djla yd 13 jk fY%aKsh i|yd iqúfYaIS úl,am ;dlaIKsl lafIa;% ;=kla we;=<;a
fõ'

12 jk fY%aKsfha oS oDG ;dlaIKfõoh mokï mdGud,dj yeoErE isiqkag 13 jk fY%aKsfha oS wOHhkh lsÍug wjia:dj ,efnk
úl,am ;dlaIKfõo w;=ßka isú,a ;dlaIKfõoh o tlls'

YsIag iïmkak ck iudchl w;HjYH wx. jk ksjdi" ux udj;a" c, iemhqu yd c, wmjyk moaO;s" ie,iqï lsÍu yd
kùlrKh lsÍu ;=<ska ixj¾Okh lsÍfï oS Wmfhda.S lr .kakd uQ,sl ixl,am yd uQ,O¾u ms<sn|j wOHhkh lsÍug fuu úIh
u.ska wjia:dj ,efí' ;j o" fiajdjkag wod< fuu ;dlaIKsl l%ufõo" l%shdldrlï u.ska wOHhkfha fhfok ksid Bg wod<
ksmqK;d ixj¾Okh lr .ekSug o yels fõ'

tu.ska ;dlaIKfõoh ienE Ôjk wjia:dj,g wod< lr .ekSug o yels jk w;r ;ud wjg f,dalh yd ine|s ;dlaIKh"
wjfndaO lr .ekSug;a bka m%fhdack ,nd .ekSug;a w.h lsÍug;a yqrej ,nd .kshs'

i
2'0 úIh ks¾foaYfha wruqKq

1' isú,a ;dlaIKfõofhys iajNdjh;a ta yd ine|s fmdÿ uQ,O¾u;a ms<sn| yelshd j¾Okh lr .ekSu'

2' isú,a ;dlaIKfõofhys fhfok úoHd;aul uQ,O¾u wjfndaO lr .ekSfï yd Ndú; lsÍfï yelshd j¾Okh lr .ekSu'

3' ;dlaIKfõo ixl,am bf.k .ekSfï yd tajd ikaksfõokh lsÍfï myiqj i,id fok iqúfYaIS mo we;=<;a jdx ud,dj
Ndú; lsÍu'

4' wdjqo" ñkqï WmlrK yd fiiq WmlrK Ndú; lsÍfï yelshd j¾Okh lr .ekSu'

5' ksßlaIK yd uekSï ;=<ska tla /ia lr .kakd ixLHd;aul yd wfkl=;a f;dr;=re yeisrùfï l=i,;d j¾Okh lr .ekSu'

6' ;ks ;ks j fyda lKavdhï jYfhka fyda ir, l%shdldrlïj, fhoSfuka ;dlaIKfõoS wjia:d .fõIKh lrñka ks¾udK
ìys lsÍu'

7' úúO moaO;Skag yd mßirhkag fhda.H wdldrhg ie,iqï ilia lsÍu yd w.h lsÍu ms<sn| yelshd ixj¾Okh lr .ekSu'

8' ;dlaIKfõoh ms<sn| bf.kqï l%shdldrlïj, fhoSfuka mqoa., fm!reI .=Kdx. jk ffO¾hh" wêIaGdkh" Wmdh ud¾."
jHjidhl;ajh yd mßl,amk yelshd m%o¾Ykh lsÍu'

9' ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha oS iudchg yd mßirhg we;s úh yels n,mEï ms<sn| j ixfõoS ùu'

i
 úIh ks¾foaY mdi,a jdr jYfhka
fnod .ekSug fhdað; ie,eiau

jdrh ksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgï ld,Éfþo

m<uq jk 1'0 ksmqK;dfõ isg 4'0 ksmqK;dj olajd 94

jdrh ^ksmqK;d uÜgï 19&

fo jk 4'1 ksmqK;dfõ isg 7'0 ksmqK;dj olajd 116

jdrh ^ksmqK;d uÜgï 21&

;=ka jk 7'0 ksmqK;dfõ isg 9'0 ksmqK;dj olajd 90

jdrh ^ksmqK;d uÜgï 16&

iii
3'0 úIh ks¾foaYh - 13 jk fY%aKsh

ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

1'0 S wjYH;d i|yd 1'1 øjHj, .;s ,laIK úuiñka • øjHj, wjYH;dj
bos lsrï 02
iqÿiq øjH f;dard boslsßï ld¾hhg .e,fmk • .;s ,laIK
.kshs' mßos øjH f;da r d .ekS f ï • Yla;sh
iQodku m%o¾Ykh lrhs • m%udK iy ñkqï
• fhda.H;d ,laIK
• ñ,
• ,nd .ekSfï myiqj
• .=Kd;aulNdjh ^Quality&
• msßú;r

s ï tall ^Building units& • Ndú; tall

1'2 boslÍ 06
f;dard .kshs' • .fvd,a ^WodyrKhla f,i&
• Ndú; wjia:d
• .fvd,aj," bkaðfkareuh .=Kdx.
• msßú;r
• .fvd,a j¾.
• ir, neñ j¾.
• nv., neïu
• bx.%Sis neïu
• .fvd,a neñ i|yd Ndú;
• nodu j¾.
• isfuka;s noduh
• yqkq noduh
• ueá noduh

1
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

• isfuka;s íf,dla .,a

• Ndú; wjia:d
• nr ork ì;a;s i|yd
• nr fkdork ì;a;s i|yd
• msßú;r
• j¾.

1'3 r¿ .,a Ndú;h úuid n,hs' • bos lsÍï i|yd r¿ .,a Ndú; jk wjia:d 04
• r¿ .,aj, we;s úfYaI .=Kdx.
• r¿ .,a neñ bos lsÍfï l%ufõohka

1'4 fldkalS%Ü ksmehqï i|yd iqÿiq • fldkalS%Ü i|yd Ndú; øjH yd tajdfha .;s ,laIK 06
øjH f;darhs' • isfuka;s
• je,s
• .,a
• jer .ekajqï
• iqÿiq ñY%K wkqmd; Ndú;h iy tajdfha jeo.;alu
• fldkalS%Ü ms<sfh, lsÍu
• ñY% lsÍu
• ;ekam;a lsÍu
• moï lsÍu
• fldkalS%Ü j¾.
• idudkH fldkalS%Ü
• Ndú; wjia:d
• .;s ,laIK
• ñY%K wkqmd;

2
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

• jer.ekajQ fldkalS%Ü
• iïmSvl n,
• wd;kH n,

1'5 bos lsÍï wjYH;d i|yd iqÿiq • mia yd mdIdK 03

mi f;dard .kshs' • Ndú; wjia:d
• j¾. yd tajdfha .;s ,laIK
• mdxY= f;;ukfha n,mEu
• nr ord isàfï yelshdj

1'6 iq o q i q ks u yï l% u f;da r d • u;=msg ksuyïj, wjYH;dj 05

.ekS f ï iQ o dku m% o ¾Ykh • fmkqu
lrhs' • wdf,dalh
• l,a meje;au
• ikSmdrlaIdj
• kv;a;= lghq;= myiqj
• lmrdre lsÍu
• Ndú; øjH yd tajdfha .;s ,laIK
• mssg; lmrdrej
• we;=<; lmrdrej
• c, gexls
• ñY%K wkqmd; iy ksudj
• l%ufõoh
• ;;a;aj md,kh
• ;Ska; wdf,am lsÍu
• ;Ska;j, .;s ,laIK
• Ndú; øjH wkqj wdf,amk l%u

3
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

• ì;a;s yd f.ìï W¿
• j¾. iy .;s ,laIK
• we;sÍfï l%ufõohka
• f.ìu ksudj
• isfuka;s oeóu
• fgrdfida oeóu

1'7 jy, iy fodr cfk,a i|yd • jy, fiú,s 05

iqÿiq øjH f;darhs' • fiú,s øjHj, ;sìh hq;= .=Kdx.
• fiú,s j¾. iy tajdfha úfYaIs; ,laIK
Wod( • msÿre
• fmd,a w;=
• W¿
• weianeiagia isfuka;s /,s ;yvq
• f,day /,s ;yvq
• fodr cfk,a i|yd Ndú; øjH
• oej
• f.dvke.s,s øjHla f,i oej Ndú;fha oS we;s úfYaI
.;s ,laIK
• oej j¾.SlrK wjYH;dj
• oej moï lsÍfï iy ixrlaIKfhys wjYH;djh
• lD;%Su oej
• Ndú; wjia:d
• j¾. iy úfYaIs; ,laIK
Wod( • ;=kS ,E,s (Ply-wood)
• Ñma fndaâ (Chip board)
• M.D.F.

4
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

• we¨ñkshï jHqy Ndú;h

• .;s ,laIK
• úúO yrialv
• Ndú; wjia:d

1'8 f.dvke.s,s c, iemhqï • c, iemhqï moaO;s 05

moaO;s i|yd Ndú; øjHj, • c, k< j¾.
hdka;%K úuiñka øjH • ÖkÉpÜá k< (C.I.)
f;darhs' • .e,ajkhsia hlv k< ^G.I.)
• mS'ù'iS' k< (PVC)
• c, k<j, úfYaI .=Kdx.
• PVC k< Wmdx. iy Ndú;h
• lrdu iy lmdg j¾.
• ysá lrduh (Bib tap)
• geï lrduh (Pillar tap)
• Tnk lrduh (push button tap)
• ;ej;=ï lmdgh (Stop Valve)
• fodrgq lmdgh (Gate Valve)
• fnda, lmdgh (Ball Valve)
• lrdu iy lmdgj, wjYH;dj
• ikSmdrlaIl WjdrK ^WmlrK& iy wod< fldgia
(Components)
• jeisls<s fmdaÉÑh (WC)
• uqyqK fidaok fíiu
• iskala Ndckh ((Sink)

5
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

1'9 .Dyia: úÿ,s ia:dmk i|yd • .Dyia: úÿ,s ia:dmk Wmdx. 04

iqÿiq øjH f;dard .kshs' • msßú;r wkqj /yeka j¾.
• jyre iy fmakq
• wdrlaIl iúl=re iy Wmdx.
• iïu; wdrlaIl m%ñ;s

1'10 ;djld,sl yegqï i|yd Ndú; • m,xÑ i|yd Ndú; øjH 04

øjH f;dard .kshs' • oej
• WK ,S
• hlv$jdfka k<
• ,Kq" jdfka uQÜgq
• yevhï ;ekSug Ndú; øjH
• ,E,s" nd,al
• uqlal= ^oej$jdfka&
• hlv mfka,
• ldkq lemSfï oS me;s ,E,s fhoSug Ndú; øjH
• me;s ,E,s
• yria nd,al
• uqlal=$lre
• ;djld,sl uvq i|yd Ndú; øjH
• WK ,S
• fmd,a w;=
• /,s ;yvq
• ld¾h wkqj Ndú; øjHj, .=Kdx. úYaf,aIKh

6
 ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

2'0 = ,g wod< kS;s • bosls Íï i|yd kS;s Í;s ls%hd;aul lsÍfï wjYH;dj
bos lsÍu lghq;=j, oS 2'1 bos lsÍï lghq;j 06
n,mj;akd kS;s Í;s yd fr.=,dis" wK mk;a u.ska • wdf,dalh iemhSu
Ndú;hg iQodku ls%hd;aul jk wdldrh úuid • jd;dY%h iemhSu
m%o¾Ykh lrhs' n,hs' • ikSmdrlaIdj /l .ekSu
• .skafkka wdrlaId ùu
• mßirh /l .ekSu
• bos lsÍï jevìug wod< kS;s Í;s iy tajdfha wjYH;dj
• f.dvke.s,s f¾Ldj
• úÒ f¾Ldj
• újD; wjldYh
• msúiqï ud¾.
• wdf,dal f¾Ldj
• jdyk kej;=ï bvlv
• f.dvke.s,s kS;s Í;sj,g wod< lreKq
• wdf,dalh yd jd;dY%h
• hdka;s%l ixjdkkh iy jdhq iukh
• ;rmamq iy úÿ,s fidamdk
• wmjykh iy wm øjH neyer,Su
• c, iy úÿ,s fiajd
• .sks wdrlaIKh
• f.dvke.s,af,a Ndú;h
• by; lreKqj,g wod< kS;s Í;s
• mqrd úoHd;aul w.hla we;s ia:dk iq/lSfï kS;s Í;s
• N+ o¾YklrKh iy Ydl ixrlaIKhg wod< kS;s Í;s
• úfYaI kS;s Í;s mKjd we;s l,dm ^WodyrK f,i&
• .=jka f;dgqm, ^lgqkdfhl&
• f,dal Wreu" k.r ^uykqjr&

7
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

• uyje,s wêldßh
• by; l,dmj,g wod< kS;s Í;s
• kS;s rS;s l%shd;aul lsrSfï n,h mejÍ we;s wdh;k
• kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wêldßh
• uyd ud¾. wêldßh
• m<d;a md,k wdh;k
• uy k.r iNd
• k.r iNd
• m%dfoaYSh iNd
• by; wdh;kj, j.lSï

2'2 bos lsÍï lgqh;= i|yd • bos lsrSfï wdrïNh isg ksu lsÍfï iy;slh ^C of C& ,nd 05
ls%hd;aul lsÍfï oS" wjYH .ekSu olajd bgq lrk ld¾hhka
n,m;a yd wkq u e;s h ,nd • ksjdihlg fyda f.dvke.s,a,lg c, fiajdj ,nd .kakd
.ekSug ls%hd lrhs' l%uh
• úÿ,s fiajd iïnkaO;dj ,nd .kakd l%u
• jdKscuh f.dvke.s,s
• fiajd i|yd
• fydag,a
• jdKscuh f.dvke.s,s bos lsÍu i|yd ,nd .; hq;= wkque;s
Wod( fiajd ia:dk" fydag,a

2'3 m%dfoaYSh iy kd.ßl bos • f.dvke.s,s j¾.SlrKh 03

lsÍï i|yd f.dvke.s,s A j¾.h - uy,a 5 fyda Bg jeä f.dvke.s,s
j¾.SlrKh lrhs' B j¾.h - uy,a 2 g jeä" 5 g wvq f.dvke.s,s
C j¾.h - j'ó' 300 g fkdwvq .Dyia: f.dvke.s,s

8
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

2'4 wkque;sh ,nd .ekSu i|yd • f.dvke.s,s ie,iqï bosßm;a lsÍfï oS iïmQ¾K l< hq;= 06
wod< wdh;k fj; wjYH;d
f.dvke.s,s ie,iqï bosßm;a • mßudKh
lsrf
S ï iQodku m%o¾Ykhlrhs' • msgm;a .Kk
• iy;sl lsÍu
• jHQyuh ie,iqï yd .Dy ks¾udK ie,iqïj, wka;¾.;h
• f.dvke.s,s fiajd moaO;sj,g wod< ie,iqïys wvx.= oE
• úÿ,s fiajd moaO;s
• c, iemhqï moaO;s
• c, wmjyk moaO;s
• ie,iqï bosßm;a l< hq;= wdh;k
• uy k.r iNd
• m%dfoaYSh iNd
• kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wêldßh
• wkque;sh ,nd fok wdh;k
• ie,iqï bosßm;a lsÍfï l%shdj,sh

2'5 bvï ixj¾Okh yd ne|s • kS;s rS;s mkjkq ,nk wdh;k 06

fjk;a kS;s ß;s úuid n,hs' • ud¾. ixj¾Ok wêldßh
• ÿïßh fomd¾;fïka;=j
• fjr< ixrlaIK uKav,h
• jdß ud¾. fomd¾;fïka;=j
• jk Ôù fomd¾;fïka;=j
• by; wdh;k mkjd we;s kS;s Í;s

9
 ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

3'0 ir, bos lsÍï 3'1 bos lsÍïg m%:ufhka • weia;fïka;=jl wjYH;djka 06
ld¾hhka i|yd weia;fïka;= ms<sfh, lsÍfï • bos lsÍfï jHdmD;sh i|yd jeh jk úhou fidhd ne,Su
weia;fïka;= wjYH;dj úuid n,hs • øjH
ilia lrhs' • Y%uh
• bos lsÍï lghq;= ixúOdkh lsÍu
• øjH iemhSu
• wdjqo iy WmlrK ,nd .ekSu
• bos lsÍï jevj, .=Kd;aulnj ^Quality& mj;ajd f.k hdu
• msßú;r Ndú;h ^S.M.M.7&
• ld¾hhkays iajNdjh
• wod< ld¾hh kshñ; ld,hg kshu lsÍug
• weia;fïka;= ieliSfï jdis
• jeh jk úhou" øjH yd Y%uh wkqj l,a we;s j y÷kd
.ekSug
• bos lsßu .ek wjYH ñ, oS .ekSug
• bos lsÍï ld¾hfha .=Kd;ul nj /l .ekSug

3'2 ir, bos lsÍï ld¾hhka i|yd • wod< bos lsÍï ld¾hhka i|yd ^WodyrK f,i& 06
m% u dK ì,a m;% ieliS f ï • uqr l=áhlg
iQodku m%o¾Ykh lrhs' • f.m< ieliSu
• w;a;sjdrï ldKq lemSu
• w;a;sjdrï fldkalS%Ü oeóu
• m%udK ì,a m;l wvx.= m%Odk fldgia
• jev úia;rh ^Descriptions&
• m%udK ^Qualitities&
• tall ^Units&
• f¾Ü .Kk ^Rate&

10
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

• uqo, ^Amount&
• bos lsÍï ld¾hh m%udK ì,a m;aj, we;=<;a lrk wdldrh

3'3 weia;fïka;= msßjeh ilia • weia;fïka;= ilia lsÍug wod< uQ,dY%

06
lsÍug wod< wx. úuid n,hs' • iïu; ñkqï l%u - SMM7, SLS573
• f.dvke.s,s iïu; msßú;r iy f¾ghka
• Building Schedule of Rate (BSR)
• msßjeh ilia lsÍfï oS i,ld n,k idOl
• øjH m%udK
• øjHj, ñ,
• m%jdyk .dia;=
• wmf;a hdï
• Y%ñl úhou
• mqyqKq lïlre
• kqmqyqKq lïlre
• wdjqo iy WmlrK
• Wäia úhou ^Over heads& yd ,dNh
06
3'4 ir, boslsÍï ldhH_hka i|yd • msßjeh ilia lsÍfï ld¾hhka
weia;fïka;= msßjeh ilia • ir, .Dy NdKav ;ekSu
ls Í fï yels h dj m% o ¾Ykh • f.ìu W¿ we;sÍu
lrhs' • ^1M x 1M& .fvd,a ì;a;s bos lsÍu
• ì;a;s lmrdre
• c,k, t,Su
• ie,iqï lshùu
• m%udK .ekSu
• iïu; tall f;dard .ekSu

11
 ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

• m%udK m;% ilia lsÍu

• WoaOD; lsÍu ^abstract&
• msßjeh ilia lsÍu
• øjH ñ,
• Y%ñl úhou
• wdjqo yd WmlrK úhou
• wmf;a hdï
• Wäia úhou
• ,dNh

4'1 f.dvke.s,a,la 4'1'1 jia;= u; lsh % d lrk ndysr n, • m%;Hd n,h 06

bos lsÍfï oS jHqyuh iy m% ; s l s % h d u.ska we;s lrk" • ks¾jpkh
fldgia tl,ia ù we;s úúO m%;H n, yd úl%h s d úuid • kHdhhka
wkaou úuid n,hs' n,hs ' • úls%hd we;s lrk wNHka;r m%;Hd n, ms<sn| yqlaf.a
mÍlaIKh iy yqlaf.a kshuh
• m%;Hd n, iy úlsh % d we;s lrk ndysr n, iy m%;l
s h
%s d
• m%;sls%hdj,g wkql+, j isÿ jk m%;Hd n,hkays
ls%hdldÍ osYdjka
• fmdhsfidka wkqmd;h (Poisson’s Ratio)
• øjH u; n, ls%hd lsÍfï oS we;s úh yels .;s ,laIK
• m%;Hia:;dj (Elasticity)
• iqúld¾h;dj (Plasticity)
• ;kH;dj (Maleability)
• Nx.=r;dj (Brittleness)
• ne¨ula mqmqrd hdu
• fmd,a mrd,hl nr ls%hd lsÍu
• weianeiafgdaia ;yvqj u; Ndrhla fhoSu

12
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

4'1'2 f.dvke.s,a,l jHqyuh wx. • f.dvke.s,a,l jHqyuh wx. 05

iy tajd u; ndysr Ndr ls%hd • w;a;sjdru
lsÍfï oS we;s jk yeisÍï • ì;a;s iy l=¨kq
úuid n,hs' • ,skag,a iy ;,do
• Wv ;Ügq f.ìu
• jy,h
• ldmam
• ;rmamq
• jHqyuh fldgia flfrys we;s lrk m%;Hd n,
• wd;;s n,
• iïmSvk n,
• kuH n,
• úrEmK n,
• Ndr hgf;a u.ska jHqyuh fldgiaj, yeisÍï
• úlD;s ùu
• úl, ùu

4'1'3 øjHhl ia;íO;dj flfrys • ia;íO;dj ks¾jpkh (Stiffness) 06

n,mdk idOl úuid n,hs' • n,h iy úia:dmkh ia;íO;dj flfrys n,mdk wdldrh
Wod( ÿkak (Spring)
• ia;íO;dj jeä lsÍug øjH$Wmdx. yev.iajd we;s wdldrh
Wod( irex.,h" fjila l+vqj" weiafniagia /,s ;yvq"
ldâfndaâ weiqreï fmÜá

13
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

4'1'4 f.dvke.s,a,l jHqyuh • f.dvke.s,a,la ksid we;s jk Ndr 06

fldgia u; Ndr ls%hd lrk • wÔù ^u,& Ndr
wdldrh úuid n,hs' • iÔù Ndr
• iq<Õ u.ska we;s lrk Ndr
• jia;= ud;% tlsfkl iïnkaO ù jHQyuh fldgia ilia ù
we;s wkaou
• Ndrh jia;= ud;%j,ska jHQyhkag yqjudre jk wdldrh
Wod( fodr iy irfkare
;,d| yd l=¨kq

4'1'5 úúO mia ia;rj, jHqyuh • mia j¾. iy tajdfha bis¨ï yelshdj 03
Ndrhka ord isàfï yelshdj • ;ks yd uy,a f.dvke.s,s u.ska we;s lrk f;rmqï w;r
úuid n,hs' fjki
• ì;a;sfhys biq¨ï yelshdj ;SrKh lrk idOl
• miaj, iajNdjh
• f.dvke.s,s j¾.
• ;ks
• uy,

4'1'6 ir, ksjdi tallhl bos lsÍï • ir, ksjdihl bos lsÍfï wkqms<sfj, 06
wkq m s < s f j, iy .; hq ; = • f.m< ilia lsÍu
wdrlaI; s lsh % dud¾. wkq.ukh • w;a;sjdru ieliSu
lrhs' • lhsre neïu ks¾udKh
• ì;a;s yd l=¨kq
• jy,h
• fodr cfk,a

14
 ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

• f.ìu iy ì;a;s
• ksudjka
• bos lsÍï lr f.k hdfï oS mj;ajd f.k hd hq;= wdrlaIs;
ms<sfj;a
• øjH Ndú;fha oS
• WmlrK" wdjqo mßyrKfha oS
• ;djld,sl bos lsÍï
• ldkq lemSfï oS
• yevhï ilia lsÍu
• m,xÑ bos lsÍu
• jev lsÍfï oS
• wdrlaIs; fuj,ï Ndú;h
• ksjeros l%u Ndú;h

4'2 f.dvke.s,s fiajdjkag 4'2'1 .Dyia: úÿ,s ia:dmk • úÿ,s ia:dmk moaO;s ie,iqï 05
wod< ixrpl f;da r d moaO;sj, wvx.= fldgiaj, • ixfla;
.ksh's Ndú;h úuid n,hs' • iÔù" WodiSk yd N+.;
• Odrdj yd fjda,aàh;dj uekSu
• Úÿ,s mßm: ì|skfhys ^Circuit breaker& ls%hdldß;ajh
• fgiagrh Ndú;h

4'2'1 .Dyia: c, iemhqï moaO;s • c, iemhqï moaO;s ie,iqï lshùu 06

wvx.= fldgia y s wjYH;dj • m%Odk c, iemhqfï isg ksjilg c, iïnkaO;dj
úuid n,hs' • kdk ldur jeisls<s WmlrK i|yd c,h iemhSu
• Rcq l%uh ^Direct System&
• jl% l%uh ^Indirect system&

15
 ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

4'2'3 m,afodare wmjyk moaO;shlg • m,afodare wmjyk moaO;shl fldgia 05

wh;a fldgia iy tys hdka;K
% • wmjyk k< j¾. iy tajdfha m%udKhka
úuid n,hs' • c, W.=,a
• ukq ì,a
• mQ;sl gexls yd fmÕjqïj,
• N+ .; c, uÜgï fjkia ùfï oS we;s úh yels ÿIalr;d

4'2'4 ks¾ñ; mßirh jeä oshqKq • jd; ixirKh we;s lsÍu 05

% dud¾. .ksh's • iajNdúl wdf,dalh iemhSu
lsÍug wjYH lsh
• ¥ú,sj,ska f;dr jd;dY%h iemhSu
• Yío ¥IKfhka f;dr ùu

4'2'5 f.dvke.s,s kv;a;= lghq;= • f.dvke.s,s kv;a;= wjYH;dj 02

lsÍu m%o¾Ykh lrhs' • l,a meje;au
• ikSmdrlaIdj
• mqkre;a:dmk úhou wju lsÍu
• fiajdjka ukdj mj;ajd f.k hdu
• kv;a;= lghq;=
• ffoksl kv;a;= lghq;=
• ld, iSudjlg jrla isÿ flfrk kv;a;= lghq;=

5'0 li< ksis mßos 5'1 li< ckkh iy j¾.SlrKh • li< j¾. lsÍu 06
l<ukdlrKh lsÍfï úuid n,hs' • >k
l%u f;dard .kshs' • øj
• jdhq
• li< ksl=;a jk m%Njhka iy .;s ,laIK wkqj j¾. lsÍu

16
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

• .Dyia: ^domestic&
• wdh;ksl ^institutional&
• jdKsc ^commercial&
• l¾udka; ^industrial&
• lDIsld¾ñl ^agricultural&

5'2 wkdrlaIs; j li< neyer • iudchSh yd fi!LHuh .eg¨ 06

lsÍï ksid ñksidf.a meje;aug • c,h ¥IKh ùu
isÿ jk ydks úuid n,hs' • fN!;sl fjkia ùï
• ridhksl ixhq;sh
• ffcj fjkia ùï
• úlsrK n,mEï
• jdhq ¥IKh

5'3 wdrla I s ; j li< neyer • li<j, .;s ,laIK 06

lsÍfï l%u f;dard .kshs' • W;amdokfha oS
• f.dv.id ;sìh oS
• li< neyer lsÍfï l%ufõohka
• ;kqllrKh ^Dilution
• m%,dNh ^Recovery
• ,sy,
s l
a rKh ^Mitigation
• ffcj iudphkh ^Bio accumulation&
• ffcj ydhkh ^Biodegradation&
• m%ldY ydhkh ^Photo degradation&
• kd.rsl li< neyer lsrSfï l%ufõohka
• bvï f.dv lsÍu
• fldïfmdaiaÜ ksmoùu

17
 ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

• ms<siaiSu
• mßirhg li< tl;= ùu wju lsÍu
• mQ;sl gexlsfha iy Wrkj, ks¾udKh lr we;s wkaou
• mQ;sl gexlsh ;=< øj li< osrd m;aùfï l%shdj,sh
• kd.ßl" w¾O kd.ßl yd .%dóh mßirhlg .e<fmk mßos
fhdod .ekSu

6'0 ir, ìï uekqï lrhs' 6'1 oïje,a ñkqï l%uh Ndú; lr • oïje,a ñkqï l%uh ^ìï uekqu& 06
l=vd ìï lÜáhla ukshs' • Ndú; WmlrK yd øjH
• l=[a[ msysgqùu
• oïje,a f¾Ldjka ßá Ndú;fhka fhoSu
• wkq,ïn .ekSu
• we;s úh yels fodaI iy fodaI wju lsÍu
• lafIa;% ñkqï igyka lsÍu
• is;shï .; lsÍu
• iïu; mßudK Ndú;h
• l=[a[ msysá ,laIK ,l=Kq lsÍu
• wkq,ïn ,l=Kq lsÍu

6'2 uÜgï .ekS f ï ir, l% u • uÜgï .ekSu 06

Ndú; lrhs' • bkaðfkare f,j,h Ndú;h
• ms,a ,l=Kq
• ;djld,sl ms,a ,l=Kq
• WmlrKh msysgqjd,Su
• uÜgï .ekSu
• ksrjoH;dj mÍlaId lsÍu

18
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

• fodaI wju lsÍu

• lafIa;% ñkqï igyka lsÍu

s ula ilia • ifudaÉp f¾Ld is;shï lshùu

6'3 ifudaÉp f¾Ld is;h 06
lr we;s whqre úuid n,hs' • wka;rh iy wka;rh fjkia lsÍu
• N+ úIu;d ,laIK ^mdi, wjg&
• ifudaÉp f¾Ld wka;rh fjkia lr kej; is;shï .;
lsÍu

6'4 ;s f hdv,hs Ü gq j Ndú; lr • ;sfhdv,hsgh Ndú;h

06
isria iy ;sria fldaK uekSfï • WmlrKh ia:dk .; lsÍu
l%u úuid n,hs' • ;sria fldaK uekSu
• isria fldaK uekSu
• ksrjoH;dj mÍlaId lsÍu

6'5 ìï uekSfï iy i,l=Kq • kùk ñkqï WmlrKj, kj ;dlaIK l%ufõo 06

lsÍfï kùk WmlrKj, • f,ai¾ kshdul l%uh ^Laser Guided System&
;dlaIKh úuid n,hs' • Global Positioning System (GPS) l%uh
• úoHq;a ÿr uekqï l%uh ^Electronic distance
measurements&

6'6 bvï N=la;sh iy Ndú;h • Tmamqj lshùu 06

ms<sn| úúO rdcH • bvfï msysàu iy udhsï
wdh;kj,g wh;a • bvfï ie,eiau
ld¾hNdrh úuid n,hs' • mßudKh
• m%udKh
• msúiqï ud¾.

19
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

• bvfï whs;sh mejÍ we;s wdldrh

• bvfï mßyrKh
• ,shdmosxÑh iy ks;Hdkql+,Ndjh
• jßmkï nÿ wh lsÍu
• ùÒ f¾Ld" ud¾. rlaI;
s iSudjka msyg
s ù
q fï n,h ,;a wdh;k
• kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wêldßh
• ud¾. ixj¾Ok wêldßh
• m%dfoaYSh iNd
• uy k.r iNd
• k.r iNd

6'7 ir, f.dvke.s,a,la • i,l=Kq lsÍfï wjYH;dj 06

ie,iqug wkqj f.m< u; • f.dvke.e,s kS;s Í;sj, .e<mSï
i,l=Kq lrhs' • f.dvke.s,s f¾Ldj
• ùÒ f¾Ldj
• wdf,dal fldaK
• msúiqï ud¾.
• bvï iSudjka
• i,l=Kq lsÍfï oS Ndú; WmlrK yd øjH
• ñkqï má
• l=[a[
• kQ,a osh f,j,h ^water level&
• ie,iqug wkqj uOH f¾Ld i,l=Kq lsÍu
• ksrjoH;dj mßlaId lsÍu
• irKqj Ndú;h ^sight rail&
• olakd oKav ^Boning rod&
• lhsre uÜgu i,l=Kq lsÍu ^Plinth level&

20
 ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

7'1 j¾Idm;kh iy c,h mj;akd • j¾Idm;kh iy c, pl%h 06

wdldrh úuid n,hs' • c, pl%h" fjk;a iajNdúl ls%hd iu. we;s iïnkaO;dj
• fmdf<dj u; c,h r|d mj;sk ia:dk
• c, fmdaIl m%foaY (Catchment areas)
• .x.d m;a, iy osh fn;au (River beds, Water sheds)
• jdIamSNjkh iy W;aiafõokh
• fmdf<dj u;=msáka
• c, mDIaG u;ska
• Ydl iy me<Eáj,ska
• j¾Idm;kh uekSu
• ffoksl" udisl" jd¾Isl
• j¾Idm;kh oelafjk N+f.da,Sh is;shï
• j¾Idm;k w.hhka l,a we;s j ;SrKh lsÍu

7'0 ñksidf.a meje;au 7'2 c, pl%fha ls%hdldß;ajh • c, iïm; ¥IKh lrk kd.ßl ls%hdldrlï 06
i|yd c, iïm; flfrys we;s jk wys;lr • kd.ßl li< neyer lsÍfï l%u
/l .ekSfï iQodku n,mEï úuid n,hs' • ld¾ñl wm øjH
m%o¾Ykh lrhs' • wm;a c,h neyer,Su (waste water)
• lDIsld¾ñl wm øjH
• c, iïm; ¥IKh lsÍfï m%;sM,
• fi!LH .eg¨
• iajNdúl .eg¨

21
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

7'3 c, ud¾. iy c,dY /l • j¾Idj iy u;=msg .,d hdu (Surface flow) 06

.ekSug iQodku m%o¾Ykh • iajNdúl c,dY iy f.dvke.+ c,dY ksid we;s jk .eg¨
lrhs' iy iSudjka
• mi fidaod hdug ^mdxY= Ldokh& fya;= jk ñksia lsh
% dldrlï
• mi fidaod hdu je<elaùfï l%u
• c,h nei hdu l<ukdlrKh lsÍu
• ìï wdjrK fhoSu (Ground Covers)

7'4 u;=msg c, wmjykh úêu;a • u;=msg c, wmjykh 06

f,i l<ukdlrKh lsÍfï • u;=msg c, wmjykh ksis mßos l<ukdlrKh lsÍfï
iQodku m%o¾Ykh lrhs' wjYH;dj
• c, pl%fha meje;au /l .ekSu
• c, ¥IKh je<elaùu
• u;=msg c, wmjykhg ndOd lrk iajNdúl l%shdldrlï
• frdka uv ;ekam;a ùu
• u;=msg c, wmjykhg ndOd lrk ñksia ls%hdldrlï
• my;a ìï f.dv lsÍu ksid ;djld,sl c, /|jqï ia:dk
• li< ;ekam;a ùug bv yeÍfuka iajNdúl c, ud¾.
yd kd.ßl ldkq moaO;s wjysr lsÍu

22
 ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

8'0 wrms r s u eia f uka c,h 8'1 c,fha Ndú; wjia : d úuid • c, b,a¨u 06
Ndú;hg iy wm; c,h n,hs' • .Dyia: lghq;=j,g
neyer,Sug iQodku • fmdÿ lghq;=j,g
m%oraYkh lrhs' • jdKsc yd l¾udka;j,g
• .Dyia: c, Ndú;h
• Ndú; wjia:d
• îug
• wdydr msiSug
• ikSmdrlaIl lghq;=j,g
• kEug iy fiaoSug
• f.j;= lghq;=j,g
• Ndú;h uekSu
• tall
• fmdÿ lghq;= i|yd c, Ndú;h
• frday,a
• ld¾hd,
• mdi,a
• mQckSh ia:dk
• jdKsc yd l¾udka; c, wjYH;dj

8'2 c,fha .= K d;a u l ;;a ; a j h • c,fha .=Kd;aul nj ;SrKh lrk idOl 06

úuid n,hs' • wñ,;dj ^Turbidity&
• pH w.h
• ,jK;dj ^Salinity&
• ri yd .kaOh ^Taste & odour&

23
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

• c, m%Nj wkqj c,fha ;;a;ajh

• u;=msg c,h
• .x.d" we< fod<
• c,dY" jeõ
• N+ .; c,h
• <sx

8'3 c, iemhqul c, ysig • lrduhl c,h .e,Sfï fõ.h flfrys n,mdk idOl 06
n,mdk idOl f;dard • iemhqï c, ysi
.ksh's • jdhqf.da,Sh mSvkh
• c, k< ;=< mSvkh
• m%Yia; mSvk uÜgu
• k< ud¾.j, jyk ydks
• k< ;=< >¾IKh
• osYdj fjkia ùfï oS k< Wmdx. Ndú;h
• k< moaO;sj, ldkaÿ ùï
• k< ia:dmkfha fodaI
• jeis c,h Ndú;fhka we;s jk wd¾Òl jdis

8'4 .Dyia: c, wjYH;d i|yd • .dyia: lghq;= i|yd k< c,h iemhSu 06
jeis c,h Ndú; lrhs' • k< c, iemhqï jHdmD;shl ld¾hNdrh
• k< c, iemhqu i|yd msßjeh
• jeis c, Ndú;fhka we;s jk wd¾Òl jdis

24
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

• .Dyia: lghq;= i|yd jeis c,h Ndú;h

• .Dyia: j Ndú; l< yels wjia:d
• jeis c,h tl;= lsÍfï l%u
• jeys msys,s iy Wmdx.
• jeis c, .nvd lsÍu

8'5 .Dyia: wm; c,h wdrlaIs; • wm; c,h f.dvke.s,sj,ska bj;ajk wkaou 06
j neyer,Sfï ^disposal& • kdk ldur" uq¿;eka f.hs Ndú; wm; c,h
hka;%K úuid n,hs' • jeisls,s fmdaÉÑ u.ska bj;ajk m,afodare c,h
• jy,h u;=msg jefgk jeis c,h
• wmjyk moaO;sj, wvx.= fldgia
• ikSmdrlaIl NdKav
• wmjyk k< ud¾.
• c, W.=,a j¾.
• c, W.=,aj, l%shdldß;ajh
• ukqì,a wjYH;djh
• wmjyk moaO;s l%u
• ;ks k< l%uh
• k< fofla l%uh
• wm; c,h neyer,Sfï l%u
• pQIK gexlsh
• mQ;sl gexlsh

25
 ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

9'0 ud¾. bos lsÍu yd 9'1 ud¾. bos lsßfï wjYH;dj yd • ud¾. bos lsÍfï wjYH;d 06
kv;a;= lsßu i|yd m%jdyk l%u úuid n,hs' • u.S m%jdykh
iQodku m%o¾Ykh lrhs' • NdKav m%jdykh
• m%jdyk l%u
• uyd ud¾.
• ÿïßh ud¾.
• .=jka ud¾.
• uqyqÿ yd c, ud¾.
• m%jdyk l%uj, jdis yd wjdis ;SrKh lrk idOl
• úhou
• .; jk ld,h
• .uka myiqj

9'2 ud¾. ie,iqï lsÍfï oS • ud¾. ie,iqï lsÍfï oS i,ld n,k idOl 06
imqrd,sh hq;= wjYH;d úuid • úúO jdykj, f;rmqï Ndrhlg Tfrd;a;= oSfï yelshdj
n,hs' • Odjk jdyk mßudjg m%udKj;a ùu
• .uka ld,h iy úhou wju lsÍu
• nEjqï wju lsÍu
• jx.= wju lsÍu
• ud¾. kS;s yd ud¾. ix{d
• md,k ix{d
• wjjdod;aul ix{d
• f;dr;=re$ Wmfoia ix{d

26
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

9'3 ud¾. j¾.SlrKh lr we;s • ud¾. ixj¾Ok wêldßfha j¾.SlrKh 06

wdldrh úuid n,hs' • A, B, C, D yd E
• tu ud¾.j, ,laIK
• Y%S ,xld ud¾. is;shul ud¾. moaO;sh olajd we;s wkaou
• ud¾. fufyhúug wod< wdh;k
• fudag¾ r: m%jdyk fomd¾;fïka;=j (R.M.V.)
• ud¾. ixj¾Ok wêldßh (R.D.A.)
• Y%S ,xld fmd,Sish

9'4 ud¾.hl uQ,sldx.j, • ud¾. j¾. 06

^Elements& wjYH;dj id¾:l j • fndr¿$ mia ud¾.
úuid n,hs' • ;dr$ ìgquka ud¾.
• fldkal%SÜ ud¾.
• ud¾.h yrialäka oelafjk uQ,sldx.
• Odjk m:
• yegqï wdia;r
• Ndú; øjH
• ks¾udKh
• mosl fõosld
• Wrysia ^shoulders&
• mDIaÁh wmjyk ldkq moaO;s
• leïnrh
• me;s ldkq

27
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

• fiajdjka i|yd há ldkq$ k< moaO;s

• úÿ,s iemhqï
• c, iemhqï
• ÿrl:k myiqlï iemhqu
• m,afodare wmjyk moaO;s
• ud¾. Ndú; lrkakka i|yd wdrlaIl ms<sfj;a
• jdyk kej;=ï ia:dk

9'5 ud¾. kv;a;= lsÍfï l%u • ud¾. kv;a;= lsÍfï wjYH;dj 06

f;dard .kshs' • kv;a;= kej;=ï ia:dk
• ud¾. ixj¾Ok wêldßh
• m<d;a ud¾. ixj¾Ok wêldßh ^Provincial R-D-K&
• kv;a;= j¾.
• wdj¾;k
• yosis
• kv;a;= l%u
• fndr¿ ud¾.
• ;dr$ìgquka ud¾.
• fldkal%SÜ ud¾.

28
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

9'6 jdyk Odjkh ksid we;s jk • jdyk Odjkh ksid we;s jk ydks 06
ydks wju lsÍfï iQodku • mdßißl
m%o¾Ykh lrhs' • fi!LH
• mdßißl ydks
• jdhq ¥IKh ksid we;s jk ^air pollution&
• Yío ¥IKh ksid we;s jk ^sound pollution&
• fi!LHuh ydks
• yosis wk;=re ksid wdndO yd Ôú; ydks
• jdhq yd Yío ¥IKh ksid we;s jk ydks
• ydks wju l< yels l%u
• jdhq yd Yío iSud uek ne,Su
• ÿudrh ksl=;a ùu md,kh lsÍu
• ud¾. kS;s l%shd;aul lsÍfuka ud¾. úkh
mj;ajdf.k hdu
• Yío wju lsÍug mshjr .ekSu
• jdyk iy yels;dla ÿrg fjka lsÍu
• ud¾. boslsÍfï oS mßirfha w,xldrh /l .ekSu

29
4'0 bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamd
wOHdmkfha mrud¾:h mqoa., iunr fm!reI ixj¾Okhhs' fuu mrud¾:h uqÿka muqKqjd,Su msKsi isiqkaf.a m%cdkk" ufkdapd,l yd
wdfõoksl yelshdjkag wu;r j iudcuh l=i,;d yd fm!reI .;s ,laIK o ixj¾Okh l< hq;= h' fuys os .=rejrhd oekqu iïfm%aIKh i|yd
wkq.ukh lrk idïm%odhsl b.ekaùï l%u id¾:l fkdfõ' ta fjkqjg isiqka bf.kqug fhduq lrúh yels kj m%fõYj,g fhduq fjñka
mßkduk .=re N+ñldj l%shd;aul lsÍu ldf,daÑ; h'
ksmqK;d mokï lr.;a l%shdldÍ bf.kqï l%u u.ska oDV ;dlaIKfõoh úIhhkag wod< f;dard.;a ksmqK;d iuQyhla ixj¾Okh lsÍu
wfmalaId flf¾'
fï i|yd mka;s ldurh ;=< isiqka ksrka;r l%shdldÍ mqoa.,hka njg m;a lrjk" iqNjdoS wdl,am j¾Okhg WÑ;" iduQysl;ajh yd
ks¾udKYS,S;ajh j¾Okh l< yels m%dfhda.sl l%shdldrlï i|yd myiqlï i,ik bf.kqï mßirhla ks¾udKh lsÍu .=rejrhdf.a j.lSu fõ'
my; i|yka bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%u u.ska úIh ks¾foaYfha m%ldYs; ksmqK;d yd wNsu;d¾: idlaId;a lr .; yels fj;ehs wfmalaId flf¾'
² lKavdhï idlÉPd ² ks¾udKlrK l%shdldrlï
² m%dfhda.sl l%shdldrlï ² jHdmD;s
² w;ayod ne,Sï iy wdo¾Yk ² mßirh wdY%s; l%shdldrlï
² lafIa;% pdßld ² foaYk
² iólaIK

mdif,a bf.kqï mßirhg yd iïm;aj,g wkql+, j .=rejrhdf.a wNsu;h mßos fuu bf.kqï l%u fjkia lr fhdod .; yels h' fuu
l%ufõo l%shd;aul lsÍfï oS tajdg wod< úúO Wml%u wkq.ukh lsÍu bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh id¾:l;ajh flfrys n,mdkq we;'
² .eg¨ bosßm;a lsÍu
² Y%jHmg fhdod .ekSu
² mska;+r" oekaùï" fmdaiag¾ fhdod .ekSu
² nqoaê l,ïnkh
tjeks Wml%u lsysmhls'

by; i|yka bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%ufõo wkq.ukh lsÍu u.ska" úIh lreKq iïnkaO w¾:dkaú; bf.kqula isÿ l< yels h' tu.ska iajhx
fm<öfuka ld¾hhka weröug yd mj;ajdf.k hdug;a" wkd.; wNsfhda.j,g id¾:l j uqyqK oSug;a yels jev f,dalhg WÑ; mqoa.,hka ìys
l< yels jkq we;'

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5'0 mdi,a m%;sm;a;s iy jevigyka
wkd.; wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK oshyels isiq msßila ìys lsÍfï oS mka;sldur bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%shdldrlï yd úIh iu.dó l%shdldrlïj,
oS ,efnk w;aoelSï jeo.;a fõ' fï i|yd WÑ; mßirhla mdif,ys ;sìh hq;= h'
mßmQ¾K m%dfhda.sl úIhhla jk úÿ,sh" bf,lafg%dksla yd f;dr;=re ikaksfõok ;dlaIKfõohg wod< bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh
id¾:l j bgqlr .ekSu i|yd wod< kHdh yd m%dfhda.sl l%shdldrlïj, isiqka ksr; lrùu i|yd wjYH l=i,;dj,ska fyì .=rejrfhl= f;dard
.; hq;= h'
tneúka fuu úIh b.ekaùu i|yd f;dard.kakd .=rejrhd my; i|yka iqÿiqlïj,ska tllaj;a iïmQ¾K l< hq;= h'
² ;dlaIKfõoS Wmdêh
² cd;sl ;dlaIKfõoS ämaf,daudj ^NDT-ITUM&
² bxðfkare úoHdj ms<sn| Wiia cd;sl ämaf,daudj ^HNDE - SLIATE&
² bxðfkare úoHdj ms<sn| cd;sl ämaf,daudj ^NDES - TTI&
² ;dlaIKfõoS ämaf,daudj ^Dip. in Technology - O.U.S.L.&
² cd;sl ;dlaIKsl iy;sl m;%h ^NCT - Technical Colleges&
by; iqÿiqlï imqrd we;s .=rejrfhl= mdif,a fkdue;s wjia:djl oS fuu úIh b.ekaùu i|yd leu;s úoHd Wmdê .=rejrfhla ^fN!;sl
úoHdj" ridhk úoHdj fyda Ôj úoHd úIh iys;& .=rejrfhl= fhoùu jeo.;a fõ' tfia u tu .=rejrhdf.a myiqj i|yd ;dlaIKsl úIhg
wod< mqyqKq .=rejrfhl=f.a iydh o ,nd osh hq;= h'
f;dard.kq ,nk .=rejrekag cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh ixúOdkh lrkq ,nk fiajdia: ieisj,g iyNd.s lrjd mqyqKqjla ,nd oSug
lghq;= l< hq;= h' ;j o fuu úIh i|yd ld,fþo fjka lsÍfï oS tl <Õ ld,fþo folla fyda ;=kla fjkalr oSfuka bf.kqï-b.ekaùï
l%shdj,sh id¾:l lr .ekSu jvd;a myiq fõ'
my; i|yka mdi,a m%;sm;a;s yd jevigyka oDV ;dlaIKfõoh úIhh l%shd;aul lsÍug iqÿiq mßirhla f.dvkexùug yd úIh
ixj¾Okhg rel=,la jkq we;'
² l%shdldrlï i|yd wjYH myiqlï wLKav j ,nd osh yels jevms<sfj,la l%shd;aul lsÍu
fuys oS wjYH;dj wkqj wuqøjH imhd .ekSu i|yd .=Kd;aul fhojqï ,nd oSu
² ndysr iïm;a mqoa.,hkaf.a fiajh ,nd .ekSug bv m%ia:d iemhSu
² wod< l¾udka;" wdh;k yd jevìï ksÍlaIKhg yd wOHhkhg wjia:d ,nd oSu
² jHdmD;s" YsIH iñ;s" m%o¾Yk" jevuq¿" lafIa;% pdßld wdosh l%shd;aul lsÍug wjia:d ,nd oSu

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6'0 ;lafiarej yd we.hSu

mdi, mokï lr.;a we.hSï jevms<sfj< hgf;a tla tla jdrh i|yd kshñ; ksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgï wdjrKh jk mßos
bf.kqï-b.ekaùï WmlrK ks¾udKd;aul j ms<sfh, fldg l%shd;aul lsÍu wfmalaIs; h'

13 jk fY%aKsh wjidkfha oS cd;sl uÜgfï we.hSu jk w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<& úNd. i|yd fuu úIh ks¾foaYh ks¾foaYs; h'

fuu úIh ks¾foaYh mokï lrf.k Y%S ,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=j u.ska mj;ajkq ,nk cd;sl uÜgfï úNd.h m<uq jrg 2011
j¾Ifha oS meje;afõ'

fuu úNd.fha m%Yak m;%j, wdlD;sh yd iajNdjh ms<sn| wjYH úia;r úNd. fomd¾;afïka;=j u.ska iemfhkq we;'

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