Written Report

in

Philippine literature

Topic: Literature During Spanish Period

Submitted by:
Alcoba, Rea B.
Celoso, Frances Gaile C.
Gamboa, Alexis
Olano, Desa Mae
Santiago, Cristine Angelica R.
Quilatan, Mykalene D.

BSBA II – 15, Group 2

Submitted to:
Prof. Lourdes L. Bertis
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
1521
• Spaniards first came to the Philippines and
• Spanish colonized Philippines for 3 centuries
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
• First Spanish governor-general in the Philippines
• Literature started to flourish in his time
Changes in Philippine Literature During the Spanish Period
1. WRITING SYSTEM
• It was replaced by the Roman Alphabet called abecederio
• Among the only native systems that have survived are the syllabaries of
Mangyans and Tagbanua of Palawan
2. CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE
• 1600 – most of the lowland communities in Luzon has bowed to Spanish
sovereignty and accepted new faith
3. Spanish LANGUAGE BECAME THE LITERARY LANGUAGE
• Spanish language is called Castillan
• The conquistador, destroyed whatever written literature he could find and
hence rendered the writing system of the Philippines.
• Spanish colonial strategy undermines the native oral tradition by substituting
it for the story of passion of Christ
• Some of the Spanish loan words: silla, mesa, lapis, papel, gobierno and policia
4. European Legends & Traditions
5. Ancient Literary Types were collected and translated to different dialects
6. Grammar Books were printed in Filipino
7. Religious Tone
First Publications During Spanish Period
1593
• Printing was introduced in the islands by the Dominicans
 • The arrival of xylography and typography
Doctrina Christiana En Lengua Espanola Y Tagalog
- The first attempt to use the bicultural and bilingual approach to the Christian
faith in the archipelago
- The prayers and basic tennets were printed into 2 languages (Spanish &
Tagalog) and in 2 systems of writing (Roman Alphabet and Native Script)
- Work was credited to Fr. Domingo Nieva, although some researchers contend
that its real author was Fr. Juan de Plasencia, O.P
Other Literary Compositions:
• Arte y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala (Arts and Rules of the Tagalog
Language) is a book written by Fr. Blancas de San Jose with the help of
Fernando Bagongbanta, a ladino and a Tagalog man-of-letters.
• Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala (Vocabulary of the Tagalog Language)
was the first Tagalog dictionary written by Fr. Pedro de San Buenaventura in
1613.
• Compendio de la Lengua Tagala (A Dictionary of the Tagalog Language)
was written by Fr. Gaspar de San Agustin in 1703.
• Vocabulario de la Lengua Pampanga (Vocabulary of the Kapampangan
Language) was the first book in Kapampangan written by Fr. Diego in 1732.
• Vocabulario de la Lengua Bisaya (Vocabulary of the Visayan Language)
was deemed as the best language book in Bisayan by Mateo Sanchez in 1711.
• Arte de la Lengua Ilokana (Art of Ilokano Language) was the first Ilokano
grammar book written by Fr. Francisco Lopez.
• Arte de la Lengua Bicolana (Art of the Bicol Language) was the first book
in Bicol language written by Fr. Marcos Lisbon in 1754.

POETRY DURING THE SPANISH PERIOD

Just like the prose written during the Spanish period, the poetry composed during
the Spanish period were primarily used to spread Christianity. In almost all parts of
the archipelago, the Christianity doctrine was propagated using the sword and the
cross. The old and ancient poetic samples are either burned or destroyed by the friars.
Pioneer Filipino poets
• Fernando Bagongbanta was a native of Abucay Bataan who assisted
Blancas de San Jose in printing Artes Y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala. His well-
known work is the poem entitled “Salamat nang walang Hanggan”.
• Tomas Pinpin was a contemporary of Bagongbanta was known as the “Prince
of Filipino Printers” because he was the first indio to own a printing press. He
was the co-author of Fr. Blancas de San Jose in the book “Librong pag-aaralan
ng mga Tagalog sa Uikang Castila.”
• Pedro Suarez Osorio comes from Ermita, Manila and wrote the book
entitled “Explicacion de la Doctrina Lengua Tagala.”
• Felipe De Jesus was a native of San Miguel, Bulacan who possess a tender
feeling when he wrote “Ybong Camunti sa Palad.”
Types of Poetry during Spanish period
• Hymns and Religious verses were adaptation of the ancient and Pre-
Spanish songs and hymns incorporated with Catholic dogma and rites and
rituals. These were:
a) Talindaw is a native verse sung by a leader during a ceremony usually during
a novena.
b) Pabinian is the choral response of the mass to the leader’s talindaw
c) Dalit kay Maria made up of 2- or 4-line verse sung much more seriously as
an invocation to the Virgin Mary.
Other types of Poetry
• Our Mother Tongue- is originally in Tagalog written by Dr. Jose Rizal when he
was only eight years old. It talks about the Filipino language and is address to
the Filipino People.
Pen name of Dr. Jose Rizal- Dimasalang/Laong-laan
• Dasalan at Tocsohan- is a satire on the friars hypocrisy, the Hail Mary, the Act
of Del Pilar. It was written by Marcelo H. Del Pilar. It is not a song it is a mock
prayer addressed at the Spanish era friars of the Philippines.
Pen name of Marcelo H. Del Pilar- Plaridel
• Buhay is an extended and versified biography of European saints and some
personalities in the Old and New Testaments of the Bible.
 • Ang Pasyon ni Kristo (The Passion of the Christ) is a book detailing the life
and sufferings of Jesus Christ read during Lent season. Chanters take 2-4
nights singing Pasyon, and it has been translated into various dialects
throughout the country.

LYRIC POETRY DURING THE SPANISH PERIOD

Florante at Laura
• Florante at Laura is an "awit" or song with dodecasyllabic quatrains (12
syllables per line, 4 lines per stanza) and full of figures of speech. The story is
about the love and determination of the Duke Florante and the Princess Laura
of Albania while being pursued by the usurper Count Adolfo.
• Written by Francisco “Balagtas” Baltazar
• Francisco Baltazar (born Francisco Balagtas y de la Cruz; April 2,1788 -
February 20, 1862) also known as Francisco Balagtas, was a prominent
Filipino poet, and is widely considered one of the Greatest Filipino literary
laureat es for his impact on Filipino literature. The famous epic, Florante at
Laura, is regarded as his defining work
Ibong Adarna
• Ibong Adarna is a corido or metrical romance with octasyllabic quatrains (8
syllables per line, 4 lines per stanza) and contains 1,722 stanzas. The story
revolves around the life of King Fernando, Queen Valeriana and their three
sons, Princes Pedro, Diego, and Juan. The three princes vie for the throne and
kingship, and are trained in sword fighting and combat. The most courageous
would inherit the throne.
• It has no exact date of origin and its author remains unknown. However, it is
believed that the poem was composed by Huseng Sisiw, pseudonym of Jose de
la Cruz. Some says it was composed by Francisco Baltazar.
• José de la Cruz (December 21, 1746 – March 12, 1829), more popularly known
as Huseng Sisiw, was one of the great Filipino writers during the Spanish
colonization of the Philippines. He is given the honor of "Hari ng Makatang
Tagalog" (King of Tagalog Poetry) in the Philippines.
ESSAY DURING THE SPANISH PERIOD
Urbana at Felisa
• It was written by Fr. Modesto de Castro, who was known as the “Ama ng
Klasikong Tuluyan sa Tagalog” or the “Father of Classic Prose in Tagalog”.
• It was published in 1864 with the full title of “Pag susulatan nang dalaung
binibini na si Urbana at si Feliza na nagtuturo ng mabuting caugalian”.
• The most important piece of didactic literature of this period.
• It is an exchange of letters between two sisters: Urbana, who is a student in a
colegic in Manila, and Felisa, who lives in the province with their parents and
their youngest brother, Honesto.

DRAMA DURING THE SPANISH PERIOD

Spanish-Influenced Dramas
• Are amalgamations of old, Pre-Spanish customs and Christian practices. Some
of these include:
A. Tibag F. Carillo K. Karagatan
B. Lagaylay G. Zarzuela L. Duplo
C. Cenaculo H. Sainete M. Balagtasan
D. Panunuluyan I. Moro-Moro
E. Salubong J. Panambitan

STORY DURING THE SPANISH PERIOD

Fray Botod
• written by Graciano Lopez Jaena in 1874
• introduces the stereotypical Spanish friar who uses religion as a tool for
oppressing others.
• Graciano Lopez Jaena (December 18, 1856 - January 20, 1896)
• January 20, 1896) was a Filipino journalist, revolutionary, and national hero
who is well known for his newspaper, La Solidaridad.
• Pen name of Graciano Lopez Jaena: Diego Laura