Solomon Asch-

Conformity and impression formation experiments

1. Introduction Imagine that you are in a math class and the instructor
asked the following question: what is the correct answer of 1-0= ?
The first answer will come up to you mind is one. Right!! But what if
all your classmates answered 0 !! Are you going to change your
answer even if it is obvious to you that their answer is not correct in
order to match the majority!
2. 3. Conformity: ❖ It means changing your behavior or opinion in order
to match with the majority of the group you belong to. People get
along with the group behaviors and opinions to avoid being different
and abnormal.

Harry Harlow
Attachment studies with infant monkeys
- Harry Harlow founded a primate lab and started studying how infant
monkeys developed when separated at birth from their mothers. He
put these lonely monkeys in cages with two dolls. One was made out
of wire with a wooden head and contained a bottle for the monkey's
nourishment. The other was made of soft foam and covered in cuddly
cloth but did not have a bottle. With this setup, Harlow attempted to
separate the two things the monkey gets from its mother:
nourishment and comfort. The wire mother gave food, while the cloth
mother gave warmth and comfort.

Stanley Milgram
Obedience studies
Milgram (1963) was interested in researching how far people would go in
obeying an instruction if it involved harming another person. 
Stanley Milgram was interested in how easily ordinary people could be
influenced into committing atrocities, for example, Germans in WWII.

Wilhelm Wundt
Set up first psychological laboratory; theory of structuralism
Wundt was initially a physician and a well-known neurophysiologist before
turning to sensory physiology and psychophysics. He was convinced that,
for example, the process of spatial perception could not solely be explained
on a physiological level, but also involved psychological principles. Wundt
founded experimental psychology as a discipline and became a pioneer
of cultural psychology. He created a broad research programme in
empirical psychology and developed a system
of philosophy and ethics from the basic concepts of his psychology –
bringing together several disciplines in one person.

Albert Ellis Pioneer in Rational-Emotive Therapy (RET), focuses on altering

client's patterns of irrational thinking to reduce maladaptive behavior and
emotions
William James
Founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function
in our environment; wrote first psychology textbook - The Principles of
Psychology
James and Functionalism. ... James is often described as the father of
American psychology. He regarded the mind as a process, a function of the
organism. By the 1890s scientists were well acquainted with Darwin's basic
idea that humans had evolved from simpler animals, and James related
psychology to Darwin's theory.

Herman Ebbinghaus
tested memory and learning habits
The forgetting curve hypothesizes the decline of memory retention in time.
This curve shows how information is lost over time when there is no
attempt to retain it. A related concept is the strength of memory that refers
to the durability that memory traces in the brain.

Edward Thorndike
human and animal learning - Law of Effect; provided basis for behaviorism
Edward Thorndike (1898) is famous in psychology for his work on
learning theory that lead to the development of operant conditioning within
behaviorism. Whereas classical conditioning depends on developing
associations between events, operant conditioning involves learning from
the consequences of our behavior.

Alfred Binet
created first intelligence test for Parisian school children - created concept
of mental age

G. Stanley Hall
American psychologist who opened the first psycology lab in America-
"Father of Adolescence" studied the psychological development of children
Wundt was initially a physician and a well-known neurophysiologist before
turning to sensory physiology and psychophysics. He was convinced that,
for example, the process of spatial perception could not solely be explained
on a physiological level, but also involved psychological principles. Wundt
founded experimental psychology as a discipline and became a pioneer
of cultural psychology. He created a broad research programme in
empirical psychology and developed a system
of philosophy and ethics from the basic concepts of his psychology –
bringing together several disciplines in one person.