SUMMARY OF FORMULAS: PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2ChE-a

M = atomic weight in (g/mol) NA = Avogadro’s Number

Ideal Gas Law Charles’ Law Combined Gas Law Density Dalton’s Law Amagat’s Law
Mole Fraction
PV = nRT 𝑉1 𝑉2 𝑃1 𝑉1 𝑃2 𝑉2 𝑚 𝑛 𝑇 = 𝑛1 + 𝑛2 ⋯ 𝑛𝐴 𝑘
𝑚 = =
PV = RT 𝑋𝐴 =
PV = 𝑀 RT 𝑇1 𝑇2 𝑇1 𝑇2 𝑀
𝑛𝑇 𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑥 = ∑ 𝑉𝑖 (𝑇𝑚 , 𝑉𝑚 )
Boyle’s Law 𝑚 𝑃𝑇 = 𝑃1 + 𝑃2 ⋯ 𝑃𝐴 𝑖=1
PM = RT 𝑋𝐴 = 𝑉𝐴 = 𝑋𝐴 𝑉𝑇
P1V1 = P2V2 Avogadro’s Law Gay-Lussac’s Law 𝑉
𝑃𝑇
𝑉1 𝑉2 𝑃1 𝑃2 𝑛𝐴 𝑅𝑇 𝑛𝐴 𝑅𝑇
Pressure 𝑃𝐴 = 𝑉𝐴 =
= =
P = ρgh 𝑛1 𝑛2 𝑇1 𝑇2 PM = ρRT 𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑥 𝑋𝐴 + 𝑋𝐵 + ⋯ = 1 𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑥
N = nNA 𝑘𝐵 = R/ NA m = M/ NA 𝑣A = Vave 𝑁𝐴 ∗ = 𝑛𝑁𝐴 σ = 𝜋𝑑2 = 𝐴
Pressure of an Ideal Kinetic Energy of the Gas Root Mean Square Velocity Most Probable Velocity
3 Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution of speeds
Gas from KMT 𝑈𝐾.𝐸. = 2 nRT 3 −𝑀𝑣2 3𝑅𝑇 2𝑅𝑇
𝑀
PV =
1
nM𝑢 2 3 𝑓(𝑣) = 4𝜋(2𝜋𝑅𝑇)2 ∗ 𝑣 2 ∗ 𝑒 2𝑅𝑇 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 = √ 𝑉𝑝 = √
3 𝑈𝐾.𝐸. = 2 𝑘𝐵 T 𝑀 𝑀

Collision Frequency (collisions/sec) Collision Density Mean Free Path (distance/collision)

Average Velocity 𝑁 ∗ (collisions / m3 sec) 𝑉 𝑅𝑇
𝑍𝐴 = (√2) ( 𝑉𝐴 ) 𝜋 ∗ 𝑑𝐴 2 ∗ 𝑣A 𝜆= 𝜆=
√2 𝑁𝐴 ∗ 2 ∗
√2 𝑁𝐴 𝜋 𝑑𝐴
2
√2 𝑁𝐴 𝑃 𝜋 𝑑𝐴
2
8𝑅𝑇 𝑍𝐴𝐴 = ( 2 ) ( ) 𝜋 ∗ 𝑑𝐴 2 ∗ 𝑣A
𝑉𝑎𝑣𝑒 = √ 2
𝑘𝐵 𝑇
𝜋𝑀 𝑃 𝑃 2 𝜆=
𝑍𝐴 = (√2) ( )𝜋 ∗ 𝑑𝐴 2 ∗ 𝑣A √2
𝑍𝐴 = ( 2 ) (𝑘 𝑇) 𝜋 ∗ 𝑑𝐴 2 ∗ 𝑣A 2
𝑘𝐵 𝑇
𝐵
√2 𝑃 𝜋 𝑑𝐴
Vm = molar volume = V/n
Virial Equation of State
Compression Redlich-Kwong (R-K) Equation of State
𝑃𝑉𝑚 = 𝑅𝑇 (𝐵′ 𝑝 + 𝐶 ′ 𝑝2 + 𝐷′ 𝑝3 )
Factor (Z) Van der Waals Van der Waals
𝐵 𝐶 𝑅𝑇 𝑎
𝑃𝑉𝑚 𝑃𝑉𝑚 = 𝑅𝑇 (1 + + 2+⋯) constants parameters 𝑃= −
𝑉𝑚 𝑉𝑚 𝑉𝑚 − 𝑏 √𝑇 𝑉𝑚 (𝑉𝑚 + 𝑏)
𝑍= 27𝑅 2 𝑇𝑐 2
𝑅𝑇 Vm,c = 3𝑏 𝑎=
Van der Waals Equation of State 64𝑃𝑐
Tc =
8𝑎 𝑅 2 𝑇𝑐 2.5
𝑎𝑛2 27𝑅𝑏 𝑅𝑇𝑐 𝑎 = 0.42748
Boyle’s Temp. (𝑃 + 2 ) (𝑉 − 𝑛𝑏) = 𝑛𝑅𝑇
𝑣 𝑎 𝑏= 𝑃𝑐
𝑎 Pc = 8𝑃𝑐
27𝑏2 𝑅𝑇𝑐
𝑇𝐵 = 𝑎 𝑏 = 0.08864
𝑏𝑅 (𝑃 + (𝑉
2 ) 𝑚 − 𝑏) = 𝑅𝑇 𝑃𝑐
𝑉𝑚