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Module 1B ElectricField B PDF
Module 1B ElectricField B PDF
1.) It has magnitude or intensity, specified by the symbol, E, equal to the force per unit
positive test charge, q, placed on the point, p, in the field produced by a charge, Q.
𝑄𝑞
𝐹𝑃 𝑆2 𝑄
EP = =K =k
𝑞 𝑞 𝑆2
𝐹 𝑄𝑞 𝑄
B EB EA = 𝑞 = K 𝑞 𝑆 2 = k𝑆 2
+ SB 𝐴
𝑄1
EA1 = k directed toward Q1
𝑆𝐴1 2
𝑄2
EA2 = k directed away from Q2
𝑆𝐴2 2
SUPERPOSITION PRINCIPLE in Electric Fields : “The net electric field at a point in space
is the vector sum of the electric fields due to each charge.”
The net electric field at each point in space is a superposition of the electric fields due to each
individual charge which can be added using the component method, similar to finding the net
resultant electric force in applying the Coulomb’s Law.
TO solve for the resultant Electric field intensity at point A due to the 2 charges, Q 1 and Q2 :
𝑅𝑦
RY = ∑ 𝐸𝑌 = EA1 sin Φ – EA2 sin β R = √𝑅𝑥 2 + 𝑅𝑥 2 , ΦR = tan−1
𝑅𝑥
Note : The sign of the charge is not considered in writing the equation but the sign of the charge
is considered in determining the direction of the force ( attraction or repulsion.)
𝑄1 12 𝑥 10−9
E1 = k = 9x109 = 3 x104 N/C due East (attraction)
𝑆1𝐴2 0.062
𝑄2 12 𝑥 10−9
E2 = k = 9x109 = 6.75 x 104 N/C due East (repulsion)
𝑆2𝐴2 0.04 2
RY = ∑ 𝐸𝑌 = 0
b.) At point B :
E1 B E2
𝑄1 12 𝑥 10−9
E1 = k = 9x10 9
= 6.75 x104 N/C due West (repulsion)
𝑆1𝐵2 0.042
𝑄2 12 𝑥 10−9
E2 = k = 9x109 = 0.551 x 104 N/C due East (attraction)
𝑆2𝐵 0.142
RY = ∑ 𝐸𝑌 = 0
E1
c.) At point C
5
θ = β= cos −1 = 60o
C θ 10
E2
𝑄1 12 𝑥 10−9
E1 = k = 9x109 = 1.08 x104 N/C (repulsion), 60o N of E
𝑆1𝐶2 0.12
𝑄2 12 𝑥 10−9
E2 = k = 9x109 = 1.08 x 104 N/C (attraction) , 60o S of E
𝑆2𝐶 0.12
RY = ∑ 𝐸𝑌 = E1 sin θ – E2 sin β = 0
LINE OF FORCE – an Imaginary line drawn in such a way that its direction at any point is the
same as the direction of the field at that point. It was introduced by Michael Faraday as an aid in
visualizing electric and magnetic fields.
LINES OF FORCE can be used to indicate the magnitude and direction of the field
The no. of lines of force per unit area crossing a surface at right angle to the direction of the field
is at every point proportional to the electric intensity. ( N/AN ∝ 𝐸)
𝑁 𝑁 𝑄
= εo E or N = εo E A N D = εo E = =
𝐴𝑁 𝐴𝑁 𝐴𝑁
where : N = no. of lines of force crossing the area, AN, unit: lines = coulomb
IN A.), Lines of force are closely spaced in a region where the intensity is large..
IN B.) , Lines of force are widely separated in a region where the intensity is small..
Ex 2.)How many lines of force are passing through a rectangle , 5 cm by 10 cm placed normal
to the field at point C in problem 1.
Given : EC = 10,800 N/C due East ( in problem # 1)
A = 0.05m x 0.10m = 5x10-3 m2
N = εoE AN = 8.85 x 10-12 c2/Nm2 (10,800 N/C) (5x10-3 m2 ) =4.779x10-10 coul or lines
Ex 3.) A charge A of 400 μC is 12m from a charge B of –100 μC. What is the strength of the
field at a point C that is 5m from B and 13 m from A? b.) How many electric lines of force pass
through a rectangle, 2cm by 0.5cm, normal to the field at c?
Ex 4.) The intensity of the field at a distance of 2 m from the surface of a spherical conducting
sphere of radius, r = 3m, is 3.6 x 104 N/C Determine the charge density at the surface of the
sphere.
SOLUTION : The number of lines of force crossing the spherical surface of radius, r = 2m +3m
Is equal to the charge, Q, enclosed by that surface.
Q = N = εoE AN = 8.85 x 10-12 c2/Nm2 ( 3.6 x 104 N/C ) 4π (3m +2m )2 = 100.09 X 10-6 C
𝑄 100.09 𝑥10−6
D= = =8.85 x10-7 C/m2
𝐴 4𝜋(3)2