MIL REVIEWER
subject in more detail while
Media and Information Language
 Media Language
o Codes, conventions, formats,
symbols and narrative structures
that indicate the meaning of
media messages to an audience.
 Codes
o Systems of signs that when put
together create meaning.
o Semiotics- study of signs
o TYPES OF CODES
 Symbolic Codes- shat
beneath the surface of what we
see (objects, setting, body
language, clothing, color, etc.)
or ironic symbols that are easily
understood.
 Examples are
 red-stop
 green-go
 yellow-slow down
 Written codes- Use of language
style and textual layouts
(headlines, captions, speech
bubbles, language styles, etc.)
 Technical Codes- are ways in
which equipment is used to tell
the story.
 Sounds, camera
angles and types
of shots and
lighting and
camera technique.
 BASIC CAMERA SHOT
 Extreme Wide Shot (EWS)
o View far from the object that
he isn’t even visible often
used as an establishing shot.
 Very Wide Shot (VWS)
o The subject is visible
(barely), but the emphasis is
still on placing him in his
environment.
 Wide Shot (WS)
o The subject takes up the full
frame or at least as much as
comfortably possible.
 Mid Shot (MS)
o Shows some part of the
still giving on impression of
the whole subject.
 Medium Close-up (MCU)
o Half way between mid shot
and close up.
 Close Up (CU)
o A certain feature or part of
the subject takes up the
whole frame.
 Extreme Close Up (ECU)
o The ECU gets right in the
is and shows extreme detail.
 ADVANCE CAMERA SHOT
 Cut-in
 Show some part of the
subject in detail.
 Cut away
 A shot of something other
than the subject
 Two Shot
 A shot of two people, framed
similarly to a mid shot.
 Over-the-shoulder
 Looking from a person at the
subject.
 Noddy Shot
 Usually refers to a shot of
the interviewer listening and
reacting to the subject
 Point-of-View
 Looking/shows a view of
from the subject’s
perspective.
 Weather Shot
 The subject is the weather
can be used other purposes.
 CAMERA ANGLES
 Bird’s Eye View
o This show a scene from
directly overhead, a very
unnatural and strange angle.
 High Angle
o The Camera is elevated
above the action using a
crane to give a general view.
 Eye Level
o A fairy neutral shot
 o The camera is positioned as
much through it is a human
actually observing a scene.
 Low Level
o This increase height and
gives a sense of speed of
confusion.
 Warm’s-eye View
o A view of an object from
below as though the
observer were a worm.
 Dutch/conted Angle
o Sometimes the camera is
tilted to suggest imbalance,
transition and instability.
 CAMERA MOVEMENTS
 Pan Shot
o Moving the camera lens to
one side or another. Look to
your left, then look to your
right.
 Tilt
o Moving the camera lens up
or down while keeping its
horizontal axis constant. Nod
your head up and down- this
is tilting
 Truck
o Tracking is like dolling, but it
involves motion left or right,
truck left mean “move the
camera physically to the left
while maintaining its
perpendicular relationship.”
 Zoom
o Involves changing the focal
length of the lens to make
the subject appear closer or
further away in the frame.
 Dolly
o This is a motion towards or
motion from the name come
from the old “dolly tracks”
that used to be laid down for
the heavy camera to move
along.
 communication.
 Pedestal
o Moving the camera up or
down without changing its
vertical and horizontal axis.
Legal, Ethical, and Societal Issues in
Media and Information
 Republic Act No. 10175 (Cybercrime
Prevention Act of 2012)
 Is a law in the Philippines approved
on September 12, 2012
 Aims to address legal issues
concerning online interaction and
Internet.
 Cybercrime offenses:
o Cybersquatting
o Cybersex
o Child Pornography
o Identity Theft
o Illegal Access to data
o Libel
 Cyber- relating to, or involving
computer networks (such as the
Internet)
 Cyberspace- refers to the virtual
computer world, and more specifically, is
an electronic medium used to form a
global computer network to facilitate
online communication.
 Cybercrime- refers to the criminal
activities carried out by means of
computers or the internet.
 Cyberbullying- the use of electronic
communication to bully a person,
typically by sending messages of an
intimidating and threatening nature.
 Hacking- refers to the practice of
modifying or altering computer software
and hardware to accomplish a that is
considered to be outside of the creator’s
original objective
 Hackers- individuals who engage
in computer hacking activities.
 Phishing- is the attempt to obtain
sensitive information such as
usernames, passwords, and credit card
details (indirectly, money), often for
malicious reasons, by disguising as a
trustworthy entity in an electronic
 Illegal Downloading- refers to
obtaining files that you do not have the
right to use from the internet.
  Digital Piracy- the practice of illegally
copying and selling digital music, video,
o Types of Plagiarism
computer software, etc.
1. SOURCE NOT CITED
 Identity Theft- Is the deliberate use of
a. The Ghost Writer- the writer
someone else’s identity, usually as a
turn in another’s work, word-
method to gain a financial advantage or
by-word, as his or her own
obtain credit and other benefits in the
b. The Photocopy- the writer
other person’s name, and perhaps to the
copies significant portion s of
other people’s disadvantage or loss.
text straight from single
 Cyber Defamation- is an unprivileged
source, without alteration
false statement of fact which trends to
c. The Potlack Paper-The writer
harm the reputation of a person or
copies several different
company.
sources, tweaking the
 TWO TYPES OF CYBER
sentences to make them fit
DEFAMTION
together while retaining
o Libel- Written
most of the original phrasing.
o Slander- Verbal d. The Poor Disguise- The writer
Child Pornography has altered the paper’s
appearance slightly by
 Cybersex- also called computer sex, changing key words and
internet sex, netsex. phrasing.
1. Is a virtual sex encounter in e. The Labor of Lazier- the
which two or more people writer takes the time to
(connected remotely via paraphrase most of the
internet) send each other paper from other sources
sexually explicit contents or and make it all fit together.
sexually explicit Act. f. The Self-stealer- the writer
 Child Pornography- is a form of child borrows generously from his
sex exploitation. or her previous work.
 Cybersquatting- is registering, 2. SOURCES CITED
trafficking in, or using an internet a. Forgotten Footnote- the
domain name with bad faith intent to writer mentions an author’s
profit from the goodwill of trademark name for a source, but
belonging to someone else. neglects to include specific
 Copyright- a legal device that gives the information on the location
creator of a literary, artistic, musical, or of the materials referred.
other creative work the sole right to b. Misinformer- the writer
publish and sell that work. provides inaccurate
o Violation of a copyright is called information regarding the
infringement sources, making it
 Plagiarism- an act or instance of using impossible to find them.
or closely imitating the language and c. To perfect Paraphrase- the
thoughts of another author without writer properly cites a
authorization; the representation of the source, but neglects to put in
author’s work as one’s own, as by not quotation marks on text that
crediting the original author. has been copied.
d. Resourceful Cites- The writer
properly cite all resources,
paraphrasing and using
quotations properly and
appropriately. The catch?
 The paper contains no
original work.
e. The Perfect Crime- the writer
properly quotes and cite
sources in some places but
goes on to paraphrase other
arguments from the source
without citation.
 Fair Use- is a legal concept that allows
the reproduction of copyrighted material
for certain purposes without obtaining
permission and without paying.
 Computer Addiction- the excessive
use of computers to the extent that is
interferences with daily life.
 Digital Divide- An economic inequality
between groups in term of access to use
or, or knowledge of ICT.
 Virtual Self- the persona you create
about yourself virtually.
 Netiquette- the correct or acceptable
way of communicating on the internet.