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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

Chapter – I

INTRODUCTION

Due to rapid industrialization, industrial workers are exposed to several types of

hazards and accidents. Every year lakhs of workers are injured due to mechanical, chemical,

electrical and radiation hazards and it leads to partial or total disablement. So in recent years,

greater attention is given to health and safety due to pressure from government, trade unions,

labour laws and awareness of employers.

The efficiency of workers depends to a great extends on the environment in which the

work. Work environment consists of all the factors, which act and react on the body and mind

of an employee. The primary aim is to create an environment, which ensures the greatest ease

of work and removes all causes of worries.

Occupational health and safety is a discipline with a broad scope involving many

specialized fields. In its broadest sense, it should aim at:

a) The promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social
well-being of workers in all occupations.
b) The prevention among workers of adverse effects on health caused by their working
conditions.
c) The protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors
adverse to health.
d) The placing and maintenance of workers in an occupational environment adapted to
physical and mental needs.
e) The adaptation of work to humans.

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

Successful occupational health and safety practice requires the collaboration and

participation of both employers and workers in health and safety programmes, and involves

the consideration of issues relating to occupational medicine, industrial hygiene, toxicology,

education, engineering safety, ergonomics, psychology, etc.

Occupational health issues are often given less attention than

occupational safety issues because the former are generally more difficult to confront.

However, when health is addressed, so is safety, because a healthy workplace is by definition

also a safe workplace. The converse, though, may not be true - a so-called safe workplace is

not necessarily also a healthy workplace. The important point is that issues of both health and

safety must be addressed in every workplace.

Work plays a central role in people's lives, since most workers spend at least eight

hours a day in the workplace, whether it is on a plantation, in an office, factory, etc.

Therefore, work environments should be safe and healthy. Unfortunately some employers

assume little responsibility for the protection of workers' health and safety. In fact, some

employers do not even know that they have the moral and often legal responsibility to protect

workers.

Health of the workers:


Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the
absence of diseases. It‟s a positive and dynamic concept which means something more than
the absence of illness.
Safety of the workers:
Safety is a measures or techniques implemented to reduce the risk of injury, loss and
danger to persons, property or the environment in any facility or place involving the
manufacturing, producing and processing of goods or merchandise.

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

1.1 About the project

The survey has been conducted from employees in order to find out satisfactory level

of the employees towards health and safety of Neycer India Limited at Vadalur.

The area selected for this study is Neycer India Limited; the sample size chosen for the study

was 100 employees.

The important factors considered for the analysis are health and safety measure in the

Transport, Canteen performance, welfare facilities, working condition and safety

programmes.

The collect data were poled out and analyzed by applying suitable statistical tools.

The findings and suggestions are given for further development and maintain health and

safety of the organization.

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

1.2 PROFILE OF THE COMPANY:

Neycer India limited is formally known as Neyveli Ceramics & Refractory‟s Limited, was

promoted by South Madras. Industrial Development Company Private Limited. An affiliate

of Seshasyee brothers (Pvt) Limited. The company was incorporated on 12th may1960.The

project was established with a licensed capacity to manufacture 1800tonnes of sanitary ware

per annum.The technical collaboration for his venture was provided by M/s Elemental

Baykeramik vestries GMBH (KERAMAG) OF West Germany. The project was completed

and the commercial production commenced in October 1965.

The production plant was steadily increased and the rated capacity of 1800 tones per annum

was reached in 1967.

GROWTH AND EXPANSION:

The company after availing the technical services from M/s Bombay Potteries

and Tiles Limited, Bombay, increased its installed capacity from 1800 tonnes to 3000

tonnes. In the year 1974-75, the installed was further increased from 3000 tonnes to 4200

tonnes per annum at a further outlay. In april 1977,the agreement with M/s Bombay

potteries and tiles limited was terminated has the company had acquired the required skill and

experience from running the plant on their own strength.

In April 1979, the company further increase the capacity from 4200 tonnes per

annum to 4800 tonnes involving the extension of casting shop introduction of the humidity

control system in one of the casting, shops, installation of a twin tunnel ories, construction of

the new work building was provided.

In 1987,the plant had increased the capacity from 7500 tonnes to 9000 tonnes.

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NEYCER BRAND NAME:

Due to the long existence of the company and manufacturing and marketing the

product with consistent quality, the “NEYCER” brand name has become to hold name in our

country.

NEW DESIGN:

Neycer has the capability to develop new patterns, products as per the exclusive

requirement of customers and has skilled man power developed over a period of more than 4

decades. Neycer products are famous for the range of patterns and glossy colours with

different sizes in each under regular manufacture. It has been continuously updating its

manufacturing techniques to product of superior quality. Some of the recently developed

products won prized in exhibitions conducted in eighties.

NEYECR TILES:

With the setting up of Neycer Ceramic Tiles plat at Pondicherry in 1986, the customer

has got the advantage of getting both Neycer Sanitary ware and tiles from one source of their

according to choice.

SPARTEK TAKE OVER:

During 1988, the Neycer management came under Spartek Group, the pioneers in

ceramic tiles manufacturing in India .After this, the company has made headway in:

1.Reduction of excess man power.

2.Elimination of wasteful and unwanted practices in operations.

3.Modernizing the plant and machinery.

4.Developing new designs and colours.

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

5.Improving the process methods and technology up gradation.

There are various ambitious programmes contemplated to modernize the plant to achieve

better productivity and the best quality to meet the market requirements.

In 1989 – 1998, the Neycer further make improvements in their products, and also improve

the market at large. By producing the capacity of the product up to 12000 tonnes to 14500

tonnes.

In 1999 – 2002 the capacity of the Neycer had increased the installed capacity up to 15000

tonnes to 25000 tonnes per annum.

From 2003 – 2005 the capacity was further from 25000 tonnes to 30000 tonnes per

annum,Due to the more in improvements of the marketing activities.

From 2006 – 2009 the market has become very large then the capacity was further increased

from 30000 tonnes to 45000 tonnes per annum.

ABOUT THE PRODUCT

The Neycer is making a wide range of sanitary ware in 20 colours, The product range

include various types of wash closets, urinals, pans and toilet accessories.

The plant has got the production capacity if 12000 M.T.per annum.

We are having 2 Tunnels Kilns, one Push Bat Kiln and Shuttle Kiln.

The various production stages are briefly explained below.

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1. RAW MATERIALS:

S.NO RAW MATERIALS

1. Ball Clay

2. China Clay

3. Feldspar

4. Quartz

5. Wollastonitc

6. Calcitc

7. Zircon

8. Zinc Oxide

9. CMC

10. Chemicals

11. Colour Staains

DRY GRINDING PLANT:

Feldspar , Quartz and Pitcher which we are getting in lumps from are being ground in

the dry grinding plant. the fire powder from DG plant will pass through a magnetic drum

from removal of iron contamination and finally enter the storage silo. From the silo the

powder is collected, packed in gunny bags and sent to the production department for body

glaze preparation.

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SLIP HOUSE-BODY PREPRATION:

In slip house, separate storage bins are available for keeping all the raw materials.

From the storage bins, the raw materials are transported to high speed bungers, where the ball

clay, china clay, feldspar powder, green ware rejects and pre-ground silica sand slurry are

mixed with water and electrolytes. Then the study is sieved and pumped to the mixing tank.

From the ;mixing tank, the slip is pumped to the second stage sieving arrangement through

magnets and the final slip, it is supplied from the storage tanks to the Casting Department by

pumps through pipe lines.

GLAZE PREPARATION:

The glazes raw materials are loaded in porcelain lined Ball Mill with water and are

ground to form a fine glaze slip. The grinding media is dressed flint pebbles. The ground

glaze slips sieved and passed through powerful magnets for complete cllamination o9f iron

contamination.The processed glaze is stored in underground tanks with mixing arrangements.

After confirming the quality standards, the glaze is supplied to glazing department for

spraying operation. They are a number of Ball Mills for making different type of color glazes

as per production programme.

MOULDING:

Here the moulds required for casting department is made Moulds are made of Plaster

of Paris and water. First the model will be developed according to the requirement. Then the

mother mould will be taken from the model. From the mother mould, then Block and case

will be taken and from Block Case, working moulds will be made and sent for casting

department after drying.

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MOULD MADING PROCESS:

After arranging the block and case with liquid soap application, plaster of Paris and

water are mixed in a stirrer to form slurry. Then the slurry is poured into the block and case

and allowed to set and released from the block and case. The released mould finished for

removal of soap and sent for drying in the; mould drying chamber for a maximum period of

one week. After drying, the moulds are finished with fine sand papers and checked for

quality aspects. After quality confirmation, the moulds are supplied to the casting debarment

for casting.

Apart from plaster of Paris block and cases, we are making resin block and case

moulds-an improved technology of block making.

CASTING DEPARTMENT:

Here the moulds are arranged in the wooden benches according to the production

programmers. First the moulds are cleaned and steatite powder, Slurry water is applied on the

moulds, where ever necessary.

Then the body slip coming through the pipe lines from the Slip House storage tank is

filled in the moulds. After getting the required thickness, the excess slip is drained out and

sent to slip house for re-cycling. After sufficient drying, de-molding is done and the ware is

taken out from the mould and kept in the storage rack for two days for air drying. Then the

dried wares are finished, inspected and sent for further drying in drying chamber.

DRYING CHAMBER:

From the Casting Shop the wares are coming out with high moisture content. In the

chamber dryer, the wares are allowed to stand for 16 to 20 hours. Waste heat coming out

from the Tunnel Kiln issued for drying wares. Then the dried wares are glazing.
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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

NEW CDS DRYER:

On 2000, we have installed and commissioned one modern dryer of ceramic drying

systems UK. Here, the wares are dried.

GLAZING:

There are number of spray booths with conveyer arrangement. First the inspected

ware is subjected to perfect air blow for dust removal and the same is thoroughly water

sponged. Then the glaze is applied on the ware with the help of spray gun. Then the trade

name stamp, ISI

Stamp, date stamp and sprayers inspectors, spongers and loaders code numbers are put on the

war in respective places with screen and rubber stamp. Then the glaze at the unwanted

portion is removed and the wares are sent for loading department.

SHUTTLE KILN:

This is new advanced type open firing kiln. This is imported from UK. Fuel is gas.

It is used normally for the re-firing. This can also be used for first firing.

LOADING:

Here the cars are kept with refractory setters according to the production pattern. A

thin coating of alumina wash is given on the setters to avoid sticking of wares on the setters.

Thermo Cole pieces are used for cushioning effect. The wars are loaded on the setters and

after inspection and air blowing the car with wares are pushed inside the Tunnels Kiln for

firing.

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

TUNNEL KILNS 1&2:

It is a continuous type of kiln. Fuel is natural gas. The ears loaded with the wars are

pushed into the kiln as per scheduled time with the help of hydraulic pushing machine and

fired around at 1200 approximately during the firing cycle. Centralized panel board is

available for controlling the temperature and draught. After completion of the firing and

cooling, the cars are taken out from the exit of the kiln and sent to the unloading and sorting

department.

PUSH BAT KILN:

This is also converted in to gas firing. Here mainly Indian pan and Orissa pan are

fired.

UNLOADING & SORTING DEPARTMENT:

The wares coming out from the kiln is unloaded here and classified as follows

according to Neycer specification which is more stringent than ISI norms.

Standard : A Class

Commercial : B Class

Faulty : Refire class-which is

Refired in Shuttle Kiln

After classification, suitable markings are given on the wares and sent to the packing

yard for sales. A flush testing room is provided with all fitting facilities to check up the

flushing performance of the daily products.

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

To know the satisfactory level of employees health & safety.

To study the employee awareness about the health and safety provisions.

To study the effectiveness of the health and safety measures provides by the company.

To study the employees towards various health and safety measures.

To find the satisfactory level of employees with regard to welfare provisions that
binds the health and safety.

To know the medical availability in the company.

To know the ambulance and other emergency facilities available in the company.

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

To-day employee welfare programmers are become important because

it is spent as good investment by the Employers.

From the investment, employer is benefited by increased production

or better quality of work. Study of welfare measures.

1. It help to win over employees loyalty and increase their


morale.
2. This will help to build-up stable force to reduce labour
turnover and absenteeism.

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

1.5 IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY

If there is no safety and Health measure, there is no organization. The importance of this

study is as follows,

 Employee safety and Health measures are the important factors of an organization

to maintain quality of work life of the employee.

 It develops both efficiency and productivity among the workers.

 This study will helpful to create a good relationship between employees as well as

the employer.

 This study is help to the organization while analyze the problems facing by an

employee’s regarding this measures. And take necessary steps for the purpose of satisfy

the needs of an employee etc..,

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1.6 NEED OF THE STUDY

 Safety and health measure are the important factor for an organization to maintain
quality of work life of the employee.

 Safety and health facilities may patronage the employee to work better and it will lead
to increase in output.

 In every organization, an employee‟s safety and welfare measure plays a vital role.
Hence I conducted research on this topic

 To identify the employees response among various benefits regarding safety and
health measures in Neycer India Limited,Abathanapuram,Vadalur , Cuddalore District

 To provide some suggestions for the purpose of improving the employee’s safety and health
measures in in Neycer India Limited

 It helps to improve employee‟s productivity or efficiency by increasing their physical


and mental health.

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

CHAPTER - II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Workplace health and safety is protecting the safety, health and overall welfare of

employees at a particular company or institution. The goal of most workplace health and

safety programs is to promote a safer work environment for employees.

Health and safety

According to the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the World Health

Organization (WHO), health and safety at work is aimed at the promotion and maintenance

of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations;

the prevention among workers of leaving work due to health problems caused by their

working conditions; the protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from

factors adverse to health; the placing and maintenance of the worker in an occupational

environment adapted to his or her physiological and psychological capabilities; and, to

summarise, the adaptation of work to the person and of each person to their job.

Occupational safety and health (OSH) is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with

protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment. The

goals of occupational safety and health programs include to foster a safe and healthy work

environment‟s may also protect co-workers, family members, employers, customers, and

many others who might be affected by the workplace environment.

Occupational safety and health can be important for moral, legal, and financial reasons. All

organizations have a duty of care to ensure that employees and any other person who may be

affected by the companies undertaking remain safe at all times.

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Moral obligations would involve the protection of employee's lives and health. Legal reasons

for OSH practices relate to the preventative, punitive and compensatory effects of laws that

protect worker's safety and health. OSH can also reduce employee injury and illness related

costs, including medical care, sick leave and disability benefit costs. OSH may involve

interactions among many subject areas, including occupational medicine, occupational

hygiene, public health, safety engineering, industrial engineering, chemistry, health physics,

ergonomics and occupational health psychology.

Health of the workers:


Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the
absence of diseases. It‟s a positive and dynamic concept which means something more than
the absence of illness.

Statutory provisions:
According to factories Act, 1948, the statutory provisions regarding the health of the
workers are stated in the sections 11 to 20. They are
Cleanliness (sec 11):
Every factory shall be kept clean by daily sweeping or washing the floors and
workrooms and by using disinfectants where every necessary. Walls, doors and windows
shall be repainted or varnished at least once in every 5 years.

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Disposal of wastes and effluents (sec 12):


The waste materials produced from the manufacturing process must be effectively
disposed of wastes.

Ventilation and temperature (sec 13):


There must be provision for adequate ventilation for the circulation of fresh air. The
temperature must be kept at a comfortable level. Hot parts of machines must be separated and
insulated. The State Government may make rules for the keeping of thermometers in
specified places and the adoption of methods which will keep the temperature low.

Removal of Dust and fumes (sec 14):


If the manufacturing process used gives off injurious or offensive dust and steps must
be taken so that they are not inhaled or accumulated. The exhaust fumes of internal
combustion engines must be conducted outside the factory.

Artificial humidification (sec 15):


The water used for this purpose must be pure. The State Government can frame rules
regarding the process of humidification etc. The water used for humidification shall be taken
from a public supply or other source of drinking water and must be effectively purified before
use.
Overcrowding (sec 16):
There must be no overcrowding in a factory. In factories existing before the
commencement of the Act there must be at least 9.9 cubic meters of space per worker. For
factories built afterwards, there must be at least 4.2 cubic meters of space. The chief inspector
of factories can also prescribe the maximum number of workers who can work in each work
room.
Lighting (sec 17):
Factories must be well lighted. Effective measures must be adopted to prevent glare or
formation of shadows which might cause eye strain.

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Drinking water (sec 18):


Arrangements must be made to provide a sufficient supply of wholesome drinking
water. All supply points of such water must be marked “drinking water”.
No such points shall be within 20 ft. (or 7.5 meters) of any latrine, washing place etc.
Factories employing more than 250 workers must cool the water during the hot weather.

Toilet facilities (sec 19):


Every factory must provide sufficient number of latrines and urinals. There must be
separate provisions for male and female workers.
Latrines and urinals must be kept in a clean and sanitary condition. In factories
employing more than 250 workers, they shall be of prescribed sanitary types.

Spittoons (sec 20):


A sufficient number of spittoons must be provided at convenient places, in a clean and
hygienic condition. The State Government may take rules regarding their number, location
and maintenance.
Safety of the workers:
Safety is a measures or techniques implemented to reduce the risk of injury, loss and
danger to persons, property or the environment in any facility or place involving the
manufacturing, producing and processing of goods or merchandise.

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Statutory provisions:
According to factories Act, 1948, the statutory provisions regarding the safety of the
workers are stated in the sections 21 to 41. They are

Fencing of machinery (Sec 21):


In every factory, every dangerous part of any machinery, every moving part of a
prime mover and every flywheel connected to prime mover the head-race and tail-race of
every water wheel and water turbine, and every part of an electric generator, motor or rotary
converter, every part of transmission machinery, must be securely fenced by safeguards of
substantial construction.

Work on or near machinery in motion (Sec 22):


It is necessary to examine any part of the machinery while it is motion. The
examination and lubrication of the machinery, while in motion, should be carried out only by
a specially-trained adult worker wearing tight-fitting clothing.

Employment of young persons on Dangerous machines (Sec 23):


A young person should not be allowed to work at dangerous machines unless, has
been sufficiently instructed and received sufficient training.

Striking gear and devices for cutting off power (Sec 24):
In every factory, suitable striking gear or other efficient mechanical appliance has to
be provided, maintained and used to move driving belts.

Self-acting machines (Sec 25):


No travelling part of a self-acting machine in any factory and no material carried
thereon shall be allowed to run on its outward or inward traverse within a distance of 18
inches from any fixed structure which is not a part of the machine, if a person is liable to pass
over the space over which it runs.

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Casing of new machinery (Sec 26):


All machinery driven by power, every set-screw, bolt or key or any revolving shaft,
spindle, wheel or pinion, spur, worm and other toothed or friction-gearing has to be properly
encased or guarded in order to prevent danger to the workmen.

Prohibition of employment of women and children near cotton openers (Sec 27):
Women and child workers are prohibited to be employed in any part of a factory for
pressing cotton in which a cotton opener is at work.

Hoists, lifts, lifting machines (Sec 28&29):


Lifting machines, chains, ropes and lifting tackles must be of good mechanical
construction, sound material and adequate strength and free from defects. They are to be
properly maintained and thoroughly examined by a competent person at least once in every 6
months.

Revolving machinery (Sec 30):


The maximum safe working peripheral speed of every grindstone or abrasive wheel
shall be permanently affixed. Safe working peripheral speed of every revolving vessel, cage,
basket, flywheel, pulley or disc has also to be ensured.

Pressure plant (Sec 31):


In any factory operation is carried on at a pressure above the atmospheric pressure,
effective arrangements shall be taken to ensure that the safe working pressure is not
exceeded.

Floors, stairs and means of access (Sec 32):


In every factory all floors, steps, stairs, passages and gangways shall be of sound
construction and properly kept and maintained.

Pits, sumps, openings in floors (Sec 33):


Every fixed vessel, sump, tank, pit or opening in the ground or in a floor, which may
be a source of danger shall be either securely covered or securely fenced.

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Excessive weights (Sec 34):


No person is to be employed in any factory to lift, carry or move any load so heavy as
is likely to cause him injury.

Protection of eyes (Sec 35):


The state government may require the provision of effective screens or suitable
goggles if the risk of injury to the eyes is caused from particles or fragments thrown off in the
manufacturing process or from exposure to excessive light.

Precautions against dangerous fumes (Sec 36):


In any factory, no person shall be allowed to enter any chamber, tank, vat, pipe, flue
or other confined space in which dangerous fumes are likely to be present to an extent
involving risks to persons.

Explosive or inflammable dust, gas (Sec 37):


All practicable measures have to be taken to prevent explosion by, effective enclosure
of plant and machinery, removal or prevention of the accumulation of dust, gas etc and
exclusion or effective enclosure of all possible sources of ignition.

Precaution in case of fire (Sec 38):


Every factory has to be provided with adequate means of escape in case of fire.
Effective and clearly audible means of giving warning in the case of fire have to be provided.
A free passage-way giving access to each means of escape in case of fire has to be
maintained.

Power to require specifications of defective parts or tests of stability (Sec 39):


The factory inspector to serve on the manager of a factory to furnish specifications of
defective parts or he may order the manager to carry out tests as he may specify and to inform
him of the results.

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Safety of buildings and machinery (Sec 40):


Every factory should adopt the measures to ensure the safety of the buildings and
machinery. The factory must employ the required safety officers according to the number of
workers working in the factory.
Power to make rules (Sec 41):
The state government has the power to make rules to supplement the provisions
relating to safety contained in the act.
Occupational accidents/disease:

Work-related accidents or diseases are very costly and can have many serious direct and
indirect effects on the lives of workers and their families. For workers some of the direct
costs of an injury or illness are:
a) the pain and suffering of the injury or illness;
b) the loss of income;
c) the possible loss of a job;
d) Health-care costs.

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It has been estimated that the indirect costs of an accident or illness can be four to ten
times greater than the direct costs, or even more. An occupational illness or accident can have
so many indirect costs to workers that it is often difficult to measure them. One of the most
obvious indirect costs is the human suffering caused to workers' families, which cannot be
compensated with money.
Identifying hazards in the workplace:

Use a
variety of
sources for
information
about
potential or
existing
hazards in
your
workplace

Some occupational diseases have been recognized for many years, and affect workers in
different ways depending on the nature of the hazard, the route of exposure, the dose, etc.
Some well-known occupational diseases include:

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a) Asbestosis (caused by asbestos, which is common in insulation, automobile brake


linings, etc.)
b) Silicosis (caused by silica, which is common in mining, sandblasting, etc.)
c) Lead poisoning (caused by lead, which is common in battery plants, paint factories,
etc.)
d) Noise-induced hearing loss (caused by noise, which is common in many workplaces,
including airports, and workplaces where noisy machines, such as presses or drills,
etc.)
Importance of management commitment on health and safety:

A successful
health and
safety
programme
requires
strong
management
commitment
and worker
participation

In order to develop a successful health and safety programme, it is essential that there
be strong management commitment and strong worker participation in the effort to create and
maintain a safe and healthy workplace. An effective management addresses all work-related
hazards, not only those covered by government standards.

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All levels of management must make health and safety a priority. They must
communicate this by going out into the worksite to talk with workers about their concerns
and to observe work procedures and equipment. In each workplace, the lines of responsibility
from top to bottom need to be clear, and workers should know who is responsible for
different health and safety issues.

Importance of training:

Effective
training is
a key
component
of any
health and
safety
programme

Workers often experience work-related health problems and do not realize that the
problems are related to their work, particularly when an occupational disease, for example, is
in the early stages. Besides the other more obvious benefits of training, such as skills
development, hazard recognition, etc., a comprehensive training programme in each
workplace will help workers to:

a) Recognize early signs/symptoms of any potential occupational diseases before they


become permanent conditions.

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b) Assess their work environment.


c) Insist that management make changes before hazardous conditions can develop.

Health and safety programmes:

Effective workplace health and safety programmes can help to save the lives of workers
by reducing hazards and their consequences. Health and safety programmes also have
positive effects on both worker morale and productivity, which are important benefits.
At the same time, effective programmes can save employers a great deal of money. For
all of the reasons given below, it is crucial that employers, workers and unions are committed
to health and safety.

a) Workplace hazards are controlled - at the source whenever possible.


b) Records of any exposure are maintained for many years.
c) Both workers and employers are informed about health and safety risks in the
workplace.
d) There is an active and effective health and safety committee that includes both
workers and management.
e) Worker health and safety efforts are ongoing.

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REVIEW OF LITERATURE FROM JOURNAL AND ARTICLES:

1) Johannson B; Rask K; Stenberg M (2010)1, this study was to carry out a broad survey
and analysis of relevant research articles about piece rate wages and their effects on
health and safety. A total of 75 research articles were examined extensively and 31 of
these were found relevant and had sufficient quality to serve the purpose of this study.
The findings of these relevant articles are summarized and analysed in the survey. More
recent research shows a clear interest for health, musculoskeletal injuries, physical
workload, pains and occupational injuries. The fact that 27 of the 31 studied articles
found negative effects of piece rates on different aspects of health and safety does not
prove causality, but together they give very strong support that in most situations piece
rates have negative effects on health and safety.

2) Tompa, Emile PhD; Dolinschi, Roman MA; de Oliveira (2009)2, we reviewed the
occupational health and safety intervention literature to synthesize evidence on financial
merits of such interventions. A literature search included journal databases, existing
systematic reviews, and studies identified by content experts. We found strong evidence
that ergonomic and other musculoskeletal injury prevention intervention in manufacturing
and warehousing are worth undertaking in terms of their financial merits. The economic
evaluation of interventions in this literature warrants further expansion. The review also
provided insights into how the methodological quality of economic evaluations in this
literature could be improved.

3) Conor CO Reynolds; M Anne Harris; Peter A Cripton; Meghan Winters (2009)3,


Bicycling has the potential to improve fitness. Understanding ways of making bicycling
safer is important to improving population health. We reviewed studies of the impact of
transportation infrastructure on bicyclist safety. To assess safety, studies examining the
following outcomes were included: injuries; injury severity; and crashes. Results to date
suggest that sidewalks and multi-use trails pose the highest risk, major roads are more
hazardous than minor roads, and the presence of bicycle facilities (e.g. on-road bike
routes, on-road marked bike lanes, and off-road bike paths) was associated with the
lowest risk. Street lighting, paved surfaces, and low-angled grades are additional factors
that appear to improve cyclist safety.

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4) Lucia Artazcoz; Imma Cortes; Vincenta Escriba-aguir; Lorena Cascant (2009)4, the
objectives of this study was to identify family and job characteristics associated with long
work hours. The sample was composed of all salaried workers aged 16–64 years (3950
men and 3153 women) interviewed in the 2006 Catalonian Health Survey. Factors
associated with long working hours differed by gender. In men, working 51–60 h a week
was consistently associated with poor mental health status, self-reported hypertension, job
dissatisfaction, smoking, shortage of sleep. Among women it was only related to smoking
and to shortage of sleep. The association of overtime with different health indicators
among men and women could be explained by their role as the family breadwinner.

5) Dee W. Edington; Alyssa B. Schultz (2008)5, The aim was to present the literature
which provides evidence of the association between health risks and the workplace
economic measures of time away from work, reduced productivity at work, health care
costs and pharmaceutical costs. A search of PubMed was conducted and high quality
studies were selected and combined with studies known to the authors. A strong body of
evidence exists which shows that health risks of workers are associated with health care
costs and pharmaceutical costs. A growing body of literature also confirms that health
risks are associated with the productivity measures. The paper shows that measures of
success will continue to be important as the field of worksite health management moves
forward.

6) David E. Cantor (2008)6, The purpose of this paper was to review the literature and call
for additional research into the human, operational, and regulatory issues that contribute
to workplace safety in the supply chain. This paper identifies several potential research
opportunities that can increase awareness of the importance of improving a firm's
workplace safety practices. This paper identifies 108 articles which informs, how the
logistics and transportation safety has evolved. The paper identifies 14 future research
opportunities within the workplace safety in the supply chain, that have been identified
can have a positive effect on practitioners confronted with safety issues.
7) Lucia Artazcoz; Imma Cortes; Vincenta Escriba-aguir; Lorena Cascant (2007)7, To
provide a framework for epidemiological research on work and health that combines
classic occupational epidemiology and the consideration of work in a structural
perspective focused on gender inequalities in health. Gaps and limitations in classic

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occupational epidemiology, when considered from a gender perspective, are described.


Classic occupational epidemiology has paid less attention to women‟s problems than
men‟s. Research into work related gender inequalities in health has rarely considered
either social class or the impact of family demands on men‟s health. The analysis of work
and health from a gender perspective should take into account the complex interactions
between gender, family roles, employment status and social class.

8) Shouji Nagashima; Yasushi Suwazono; Yasushi Okubo; Mirei Uetani (2007)8, The
aim was to clarify the influence of working hours on both mental and physical symptoms
of fatigue and use the data obtained to determine permissible working hours. The survey
of day-shift male workers, using the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Cumulative
Fatigue Symptoms Index (CFSI). A total of 715 workers participated. In the group
working 260–279 h/month, the odds ratios for SDS and „irritability‟ and „chronic
tiredness‟ of the CFSI were increased. In the group working 280 h/month, the odds ratios
on CFSI for „general fatigue‟, „physical disorders‟, „anxiety‟ and „chronic tiredness‟ were
likewise increased. The research clarified that working hours should be <260 h/month in
order to minimize fatigue symptoms in male day workers.

9) L Ala-Mursula; J Vahtera; A Kouvonen; A Vaananen; A Linna (2006)9, The


associations of working hours (paid, domestic, commuting, and total) with sickness,
absence, and to examine whether these associations vary according to the level of
employee control over daily working hours. The study among 25,703 full-time public
sector workers in 10 towns in Finland. Long domestic and total working hours were
associated with higher rates of medically certified sickness absences among both genders.
Low control over daily working hours predicted medically certified sickness absences for
both the women and men. In combinations, high control over working hours reduced the
adverse associations of long domestic and total working hours with medically certified
absences. Employee control over daily working hours may protect health and help
workers successfully combine a full-time job with the demands of domestic work.

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10) A Baker; K Heiler; S A Ferguson (2002)10, The occupational health and safety
implications associated with compressed and extended work periods have not been fully
explored in the mining sector. Absenteeism and incident frequency rate data were
collected over a 33 month period that covered three different roster schedules. The only
significant change in absenteeism rates was an increase in the maintenance sector in the
third data collection period. The current study did not find significant negative effects of a
12-hour pattern, when compared to an 8-hour system. However, when unregulated and
excessive overtime was introduced as part of the 12-hour/5-day roster, absenteeism rates
were increased in the maintenance sector.

11) N Nakanishia; H Yoshidaa; K Naganoa; H Kawashimob; K Nakamurac (2001)11, to


evaluate the association of long working hours with the risk of hyper-tension. The work
site is in Osaka, Japan. 941 hypertension free Japanese male white collar workers aged
35–54 years were prospectively examined by serial annual health examinations. 424 men
developed hypertension above the borderline level. After controlling for potential
predictors of hypertension, the relative risk for hypertension above the borderline level,
compared with those who worked < 8.0 hours per day was 0.48, for those who worked
10.0–10.9 hours per day was 0.63. These results indicate that long working hours are
negatively associated with the risk for hypertension in Japanese male white collar
workers.

12) N. Haworth; C. Tingvall & N. Kowadlo (2000)12, In response to an increasing


awareness of the role of work-related driving in crashes and the related costs, many
private and government organisations have developed programs to improve fleet safety.
The purpose of this project is to investigate the potential to introduce road safety based
initiatives in the corporate environment. From the review, that the fleet safety initiatives
which have potential to be effective are, Selecting safer vehicles, Some particular driver
training and education programs, Incentives, Company safety programs. It is assumed that
the degree of influence is likely to decrease as the type of vehicle moves from the fleet
towards the private end of the continuum.

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13) Graves carol gevecker; Matanoski genevieve m; Tardiff robert g (2000)13, Carbonless
copy paper (CCP), introduced in 1954. Its safety to workers who handle large amounts of
CCP has been addressed in numerous studies and reports. This review encompasses the
world's literature on CCP and provides a weight-of-evidence analysis of the safety of
CCP to workers in the United States. Since 1987, has produced neither primary skin
irritation nor skin sensitization under normal conditions of manufacture and use. Finally,
very few published complaints have come from the manufacturing sector where the
closest and most voluminous contact occurs. Based on the weight of the evidence,
NIOSH is anticipated to conclude that CCP is not a hazard to workers and has only a
small possibility of producing mild and transient skin irritation.

14) Karen J.M. Niven (2000)14, A literature review was described which aimed to evaluate
economic evaluations of health and safety interventions in healthcare. Problems were
identified with valuing benefits in health and safety because they frequently take many
years to emerge and are difficult to measure. Understanding of economic techniques
within the health and safety professions was limited, resulting in wide-ranging
assumptions being made as to the positive economic impact of health and safety
interventions. Healthcare managers, health economists, and health and safety
professionals have not traditionally worked together and have inherent misunderstandings
of each other roles. The review concludes that the aim of future research should be to
assist the National Health Service (NHS) to make valid decisions about health and safety
investment and risk control methods.

15) A Spurgeon; J M Harrington; C L Cooper (1997)15, The European Community


Directive on Working Time, which should have been implemented in member states of
the European Community by November 1996. This paper reviews the current evidence
relating to the potential effects on health and performance of extensions to the normal
working day. Research to date has been restricted to a limited range of health outcomes--
namely, mental health and cardiovascular disorders. Other potential effects which are
normally associated with stress--for example, gastrointestinal disorders, musculoskeletal
disorders, and problems associated with depression of the immune system, have received
little attention. It is concluded that there is currently sufficient evidence to raise concerns
about the risks to health and safety of long working hours.
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16) Simon Chapple and Tracy Mears (1996)16, Most OECD countries rely on a mixture of
market forces, tort liability, compulsory insurance and government regulation to deal with
workplace safety and health issues. There are also other non-efficiency reasons for
government involvement in workplace safety and health. However, while markets may
not be efficient, government intervention can fail to make any improvement and/or not
satisfy cost-benefit criteria. While the empirical evidence is not clear cut, the balance of
the evidence suggests that wages may include some consideration for health and safety
risks. Evidence also suggests that workers‟ compensation systems increase the frequency
and duration of claims for non-fatal injuries, but may decrease the number of fatal
injuries.

17) Peter Hasle and Hans Jorgen Limborg (1995)17, The scientific literature regarding
preventive occupational Health and Safety Activities in Small Enterprises has been
reviewed in order to identify effective preventive approaches and to develop a future
research strategy. There is a lack of evaluation of intervention studies, both in terms of
effect and practical applicability. However, there is sufficiently strong evidence to
conclude that workers of small enterprises are subject to higher risks than the larger ones,
and that small enterprises have difficulties in controlling risk. The most effective
preventive approaches seem to be simple and low cost solutions, disseminated through
personal contact. It is important to develop future intervention research strategies, which
study the complete intervention system of the small enterprises.

18) International Council on Nanotechnology, Rice University18, The report, "Current


Knowledge and Practices regarding Environmental Health and Safety in the
Nanotechnology Workplace", offers a review and analysis of existing efforts to develop
"best practices." This report finds that efforts to catalogue workplace practices have not
systematically documented current environment, health and safety practices in a variety
of workplace settings and geographies. Moreover, it finds that some existing documents
are not publicly available.

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19) Maynard, Andrew D19, Article from newsletter by Andrew Maynard summarizing the
current level of development and government investment in nanotechnology research and
development, how nanotechnology presents a potential challenge to conventional
approaches to understanding health hazards in the workplace, and how the United States
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health is working to address current and
potential adverse health impacts in the workplace from nanotechnology.

20) Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment, and Health20, This article seeks to
address a number of important questions concerning the potential health and workplace
safety risks raised by the manufacturing, handling, and distributing of engineered
nanoparticles. The article addresses the following questions; (1) the hazards classification
of engineered nanoparticles, (2) exposure metrics, (3) the actual exposures workers may
have to different engineered nanoparticles in the workplace, (4) the limits of engineering
controls and personal protective equipment in protecting workers in regard to engineered
nanoparticles, (5) the kind of surveillance programs that should be put in place to protect
workers, (6) whether exposure registers should be established, and (7) if engineered
nanoparticles should be treated as new substances and evaluated for safety and hazards.

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CHAPTER – III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH

Research is a process in which the researcher wishes to find out the end result for a
given problem and thus the solution helps in future course of action. The research has been
defined as “A careful investigation or enquiry especially through search for new fact in any
branch of knowledge”.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The procedure using, which researchers go about their work of describing, explaining
and predicting phenomena, is called Methodology. Methods compromise the procedures used
for generating, collecting, and evaluating data. Methods are the ways of obtaining
information useful for assessing explanation.

TYPES OF RESEARCH

The type of research used in this project is descriptive in nature. Descriptive research
is essentially a fact finding related largely to the present, abstracting generations by cross
sectional study of the current situation .The descriptive methods are extensively used in the
physical and natural science, for instance when physics measures, biology classifies, zoology
dissects and geology studies the rock. But its use in social science is more common, as in
socio economic surveys and job and activity analysis.

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DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH AIMS AT

 To portray the characteristics of a particular individual situation or group(with or


without specific initial hypothesis about the nature of this characteristics).
 To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is
associated with something else( usually , but not always ,with a specific initial
hypothesis).
The descriptive method has certain limitation; one is that the research may make description
itself an end itself.

Research is essentially creative and demands the discovery of facts on order to lead a
solution of the problem. A second limitation is associated whether the statistical techniques
dominate. The desire to over emphasis central tendencies and to fact in terms of Average,
Correlation, Means and dispersion may not always be either welcome.

This limitation arises because statistics which is partly a descriptive tool of analysis can aid
but not always explain casual relation.

DESIGN OF DESCRIPTIVE STUDIES:

Descriptive studies aim at portraying accurately the characteristics of a particular


group or solution. One may under take a descriptive study about the work in the factory,
health and welfare. A descriptive study may be concerned with the right to strike, capital
punishment, prohibition etc.

A descriptive study involves the following steps:

1. Formulating the objectives of the study .


2. Defining the population and selecting the sample .
3. Designing the method of data collection .
4. Analysis of the data .
5. Conclusion and recommendation for further improvement in the practices.

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RESEARCH DESIGN

Research design is the specification of the method and procedure for acquiring the
information needed to solve the problem.

The research design followed for this research study is descriptive research design where we
find a solution to an existing problem. The problem of this study is to find the effectiveness
of Employees Safety & Health at Neycer India Limited.

UNIVERSE AND SAMPLING:

This study was restricted to the blue collar employees. Out of the universe of 69 blue
collars, a sample of 100 respondents was selected by simple random sampling method. All
the opinions expressed herein are the contribution by the respondents only.

DATA COLLECTION METHOD

Survey method is considered the best method for data collection and the tool used for
data collection are Questionnaire. Private individuals, research workers, private and public
organizations and even government are adopting it. In this method a questionnaire is
collected through personal interview. A questionnaire consists of a number of question
involves both specific and general question related to Employees Safety & Health.

SOURCES OF DATA

The two sources of data collection are namely primary & secondary.

 Primary data
Primary data are fresh data collected through survey from the employees using
questionnaire.

 Secondary data
Secondary data are collected from books, internet and various journals, magazines
etc.

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STATISTICAL TOOLS USED

 PERCENTAGE METHOD
In this project percentage method test and used. The following are the formula

Percentage of Respondent = No. of Respondent x 100

Total no. of Respondent

 CHI - SQUARE Analysis

In this project chi- square test was used. This test is used to test significance of
2
association between two attributes. Chi- square, symbolically written as (pronounce as
Ki- square), is a statistical measure used in the context of sampling analysis for
comparing a variance to a theoretical variance. Formula for finding chi square is

2
= ∑(O-E)2/ E

In this study chi-square is to find the association between respondents


gender and respondents accident proneness, respondents accident proneness and enough
training for the employees & employees work load and the approach of the organization .

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CHAPTER - IV

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

TABLE – 1

AGE WISE CLASSIFICATION

S.No Age Group No.of.Respondents percentage

1 Between 21 - 30 Years 20 20%

2 Between 31 - 40 Years 21 21%

3 Between 41 - 50 Years 08 08%

4 Above 50 Years 51 51%

100%
Total 100

INTERPRETATION:

The above table shows that 51% the respondents are in Above 51 age group and 21% of

the respondents are in between 31 to 40 age groups, 20% of the respondents are in between

21 – 30 age group, and remaining 8% of the respondents are in between 41 to 50 years.

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CHART – 1

AGE WISE CLASSIFICATION

60%

50%

40%
Percentage

30%

20%

10%

0%
Between 21 - 30 Between 31 - 40 Between 41 - 50 Above 50 Years
Years Years Years
Age group of the responddnts

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TABLE – 2

GENDER WISE CLASSIFICATION

S.No Gender No.of.Respondents percentage

1 Male 94 94%

2 Female 06 6%

Total 100 100%

INTERPRETATION:

From the above table it is inferred that the 94% of the respondents are

Male and 6% of respondent are in female.

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CHART – 2

GENDER WISE CLASSIFICATION

Female, 6%

Male, 94%

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TABLE – 3

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION

S.No Educational Qualification No.of.Respondents percentage

1 SSLC and Below 69 69%

2 HSc 15 15%

3 Diploma 07 7%

4 UG 06 6%

5 PG 03 3%

Total 100 100%

INTERPRETATION:

From the above table it is inferred that 69% of the respondents were SSLC and

below,15% of the respondents were having HSc, and 7% of the respondents were having

diploma, 6% of the respondents were having UG and remaining 3% of respondents were PG

qualification.

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CHART – 3

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION

70%

60%

50%
Percentage

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
SSLC and HSc Diploma UG PG
Below
Educational Qualification

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TABLE – 4

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE MARITAL STATUS OF

THE RESPONDENTS

S.No Marital Status No.of.Respondents percentage

1 Married 82 82%

2 Un Married 18 18%

Total 100 100%

INTERPRETATION:

From the above table it is inferred that the 82 % of the respondents are married and 18%

of the respondents are in UN – married.

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CHART – 4

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE MARITAL STATUS OF

THE RESPONDENTS

90%
80%
70%
60%
Percentage

50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Married Un Married
Marital status

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TABLE – 5

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE YEAR OF EXPERIENCE

S.No Year of Experience No.of.Respondents Percentage

1 5 Years and Below 18 18%

2 6-10 Years 13 13%

3 11- 15 Years 03 03%

4 Above 15 Years 66 66%

Total 100 100%

INTERPRETATION:

From the above table it is inferred that 66% the respondents are having above 15 years

of experience, 18% of the respondents are having 5 years and below of experience, 13% of

the respondents are having 6 – 10 years of experience and remaining 03% of the respondents

having 11 – 15 years of experience.

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CHART – 5

CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE YEAR OF EXPERIENCE

5 Years and Below

6-10 Years

Above 15 Years

11- 15 Years

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TABLE – 6

HEALTH & SAFETY POLICY

S.No Health and safety policy No.of.Respondents Percentage

Yes 85 85%
1.

2. No 15 15%

Total 50 100%

INTERPRETATION:

From the above table it is inferred that the 85% of the respondents are agreed
and remaining 15% of the respondents are disagreed that they have health and safety policy
in our company.

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CHART – 6

HEALTH & SAFETY POLICY

90% 85%

80%
70%
60%
Axis Title

50%
40%
30%
20%
15%
10%
0%

Yes
No

Opinion about health safety policy

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TABLE – 7

FACTORY SAFETY COMMITTEE

S.No Safety committee No.of.Respondents Percentage

1. Yes 87 87%

2. No 13 13%

Total 100 100%

INTERPRETATION:

The above table shows that 87% of the respondents are agreed and remaining 13% of
the respondents are disagreed the safety committee is working in our company properly.

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CHART – 7

FACTORY SAFETY COMMITTEE

90%

80%

70%

60%
Percentage

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
Yes No
Factory safety committee

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TABLE – 8

PROVIDING SPECIAL TRAINING ON SAFETY

S.No Special training on No.of.Respondents Percentage


safety

1. Yes 63 63%

2. No 37 37%

Total 100 100%

INTERPRETATION:

The above table shows that 63% of the respondents are agreed and remaining 37% of
the respondents are disagreed the special training provide by the organization.

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CHART – 8

PROVIDING SPECIAL TRAINING ON SAFETY

70%

60%

50%
Percentage

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
Yes No
Special training provide on safety

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TABLE – 9

SAFETY COMMITTEE MEETING CONDUCTED

S.No Safety committee meeting No.of.Respondents Percentage


conducted

1. Weekly 13 13%

2. Two Week once 7 7%

3. Monthly 43 43%

4. Yearly once 37 37%

Total 100 100%

INTERPRETATION:

The above table shows that 43% of the respondents are opinion that Monthly and
37 of the respondents are opinion that Yearly once, 13% of the respondents are opinion that
weekly and remaining 7% of the respondents are opinion that Two weeks one with safety
committee is being conducted in a year.

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CHART – 9

SAFETY COMMITTEE MEETING CONDUCTED

50%

45%
43%
40%
37%
35%

30%
Percentage

25%

20%

15%
13%
10%
7%
5%

0%
Weekly Two Week once Monthly Yearly once
Safety committee meeting conducted

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TABLE –10

MAJOR REASON FOR WORK RELATED ACCIDENT THAT OCCUR

IN THE ORGANIZATION

S.No
Major Reason for accident occur No.of.Respondents Percentage

1. Improper lighting 36 36%

2. Polluted work place 04 4%

3. Improper ventilation 15 15%

4. Inadequate safety devices 12 12%

5. Unsafe and careless house keeping 23 23%

Total 100 100%

INTERPRETATION:

From the above table it is inferred that 36% of the respondents are opinion that

improper lighting, 23% of the respondents are opinion that unsafe and careless housekeeping

and 15% of the respondents are opinion that improper ventilation,12% of the respondents are

opinion that inadequate safety device and remaining 4% of the respondents are opinion that

polluted work place is a major reason for work related accident that occur in the organization.

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CHART –10

MAJOR REASON FOR WORK RELATED ACCIDENT THAT OCCUR

IN THE ORGANIZATION

40%

35%

30%

25%
Percentage

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%
Improper lighting Polluted work Improper Inadequate safety Unsafe and
place ventilation devices careless house
keeping
Major Reason for accident occur

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TABLE – 11

WORKER BASED CAUSES FOR THE ACCIDENT THAT OCCUR

IN THE ORGANIZATION

Worker based causes for the


S.No
accident that occur No.of.Respondents Percentage

Lack of adequate skill 30 30%


1.

2. Disturbed mental condition 24 24%

3. Neglecting safety devices 25 25%

4. Unsafe speed 7 7%

5. Unsafe material handling 7 7%

6. Others 7 7%

Total 100 100%

INTERPRETATION:

From the above table it is inferred that the 30% of the respondents are opinion

that lack of adequate skill, 25% of the respondents are opinion that neglecting safety devices

and 24% of the respondents are opinion that disturbed mental condition and remaining 7% of

the respondents are opinion that unsafe speed, unsafe material handling are the worker based

causes for accident occur in the organization.

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CHART – 11

WORKER BASED CAUSES FOR THE ACCIDENT THAT OCCUR

IN THE ORGANIZATION
Worker based causes for the accident that occur

Others

Unsafe material handling

Unsafe speed

Neglecting safety devices

Disturbed mental condition

Lack of adequate skill

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%


Percentage

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TABLE – 12

MAINTENANCE OF FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS

S.No Maintenance of firefighting No.of.Respondents Percentage


equipment

1. Highly Satisfied 65 65%

2. Satisfied 15 15%

3. Moderate 10 10%

4. Dis-Satisfied 10 10%

Total 100 100%

INTERPRETATION:

From the above table it is inferred that 65% the respondents are highly satisfied about

maintenance of firefighting equipment, 15% of the respondents are satisfied and both the10%

of the respondents are moderate and Dis-satisfied about maintenance of firefighting

equipment respectively.

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

CHART – 12

MAINTENANCE OF FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS

70%
65%
Maintenance of firefighting equipment

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%
15%
10% 10% 10%

0% 0 0
Highly Satisfied Moderate Dis-Satisfied
Satisfied
Percentage

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

TABLE – 13

SAFTY TRAINING PROGRAMME TO THE NEW WORKMAN

S.No Safety induction training No.of.Respondents Percentage


to new workman

1. Yes 78 78%

2. No 22 22%

Total 100 100%

INTERPRETATION:

The above table shows that 78% of the respondents are say that yes and

remaining 30% of the respondents are say that no in company gives the safety induction to

the new workman in the plant.

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TABLE – 13

SAFTY TRAINING PROGRAMME TO THE NEW WORKMAN

80%

70%

60%

50%
Percentage

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
Yes No
Safety induction training to new workman

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

TABLE – 14

SAFTY TRAINING PROGRAMME ATTENDED IN LAST ONE YEAR

S.No Safety training No.of.Respondents Percentage


programme attended

1. Yes 90 90%

2. No 10 10%

Total 100 100%

INTERPRETATION:

The above table shows that 90% of the respondents are say that yes and

remaining 10% of the respondents are say that no in safety training programme attended in

last one year.

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

CHART – 14

SAFTY TRAINING PROGRAMME ATTENDED IN LAST ONE YEAR

100%

90%
Safety training programme attended

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
Yes No
Percentage

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

TABLE –15

ATTEND SAFETY TRAINNING PROGRAMME IN LAST ONE YEAR

S.No Safety training programme No.of.Respondents Percentage


attended

1. One time 39 39%

2. Two time 35 35%

3. More than two time 26 26%

Total 100 100%

INTERPRETATION:

The above table shows that 39% the respondents are attending safety training

programme at one time, 35% of the respondents are attending safety training programme at

Two times and remaining 26% of the respondents are attending more than two times in safety

training programme attended in last year.

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

CHART –15

ATTEND SAFETY TRAINNING PROGRAMME IN LAST ONE YEAR

40%
Safety training programme attended

35%

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%
One time Two time More than two time
Percentage

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

TABLE – 16

AT THE TIME OF JOINING AWARENESS LEVEL OF HEALTH AND SAFETY

Awareness level at the time of


S.No No.of.Respondents Percentage
joining

57 57%
1. Very high
08
2. High 8%
09
3. Low 9%
12 12%
4. Very low
5. None 14 14%

Total 100 100%

INTERPRETATION:

From the above table it is inferred that 57% of the respondents are very high and 14%

of the respondents are none, 12% of the respondents are very low and 9% of the respondents

are low, 8% of the respondents are high with at the time of joining awareness level of health

and safety.

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

CHART – 16

AT THE TIME OF JOINING AWARENESS LEVEL OF HEALTH AND SAFETY

60%

50%

40%
Percentage

30%

20%

10%

0%
Very high High Low Very low None
Awareness level at the time of joining

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TABLE – 17

AT PRESENT AWARE ABOUT EMPLOYEE HEALTH AND SAFETY

S.No Awareness level at No.of.Respondents Percentage


present

1. Yes 91 91%

2. No 09 9%

Total 100 100%

INTERPRETATION:

From the above table it is inferred that the 91% of the respondents are says that

yes and remaining 9% of the respondents are says that no in at present aware about employee

health and safety.

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

CHART – 17

AT PRESENT AWARE ABOUT EMPLOYEE HEALTH AND SAFETY

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%
Percentage

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
Yes No
Awareness level at present

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

TABLE – 18

HEALTH AND SAFETY AWARENESS THROUGH WHICH

S.No Awareness Through No.of.Respondents Percentage

1. Motion pictures 38 38%

2. Written broaches 6 6%

3. Colleagues 36 36%

4. Manger in person 3 3%

5. Others 17 17%

Total 100 100%

INTERPRETATION:

From the above table it is inferred that 38% of the respondents acquired the
knowledge through motion pictures, 36% of the respondents through colleagues and 17% of
the respondents through others and 6% of the respondents through written broachers, and the
3% of the respondents through colleagues.

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

CHART – 18

HEALTH AND SAFETY AWARENESS THROUGH WHICH

40%

35%

30%

25%
Percentage

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%
Motion Written Colleagues Manger in Others
pictures broaches person
Awareness Through

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

TABLE – 19

PERSONAL PRODUCTIVE EQUIPMENTS USED DURING THE

WORKING HOURS

S.No Personal protective No.of.Respondents Percentage


equipment used

1. Yes 92 92%

2. No 08 8%

Total 50 100%

INTERPRETATION:

From the above table it is inferred that the 92% of the respondents are agreed

and 8% of the respondents are disagreed that personal protective equipments are used during

the working hours.

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

CHART – 19

PERSONAL PRODUCTIVE EQUIPMENTS USED DURING THE

WORKING HOURS

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%
Percentage

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
Yes No
Personal protective equipment used

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TABLE – 20

COMPANY PROVIDE ADEQUATE PERSONAL PROTECTING EQUIPMENT

S.No Provide personal No.of.Respondents Percentage


protective equipment

1. Yes 88 88%

2. No 12 12%

Total 100 100%

INTERPRETATION:

From the above table it is inferred that the 88 % of the respondents are agreed and

remaining 12% of the respondents are disagreed that adequate personal protective equipment

to be provided by organization.

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

CHART – 20

COMPANY PROVIDE ADEQUATE PERSONAL PROTECTING EQUIPMENT

90%

80%

70%

60%
Percentage

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
Yes No
Provide personal protective equipment

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

TABLE – 21

COMPANY ARRANGE FOR MEDICAL CHECK-UP

S.No Medical check up No.of.Respondents Percentage

1
1. Yes 89 89%

2. No 11 11%

Total 100 100%

INTERPRETATION:

From the above table it is inferred that the 89% of the respondents agreed and

remaining 11% of the respondents are dis agreed that the company arranged medical

Checkup regularly.

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

CHART – 21

COMPANY ARRANGE FOR MEDICAL CHECK-UP

90%

80%

70%

60%
Percentage

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
Yes No
Medical check up

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

TABLE – 22

MEDICAL CHECK – UP ATTENDED LAST YEAR

S.No Frequency of medical No.of.Respondents Percentage


check up

1. One time 45 45%

2. Two time 22 22%

3. More than two time 33 33%

Total 100 100%

INTERPRETATION:

From the above table it inferred that 45% the respondents are attending medical

checkup one time in yearly, 33% of the respondents are attending more than two time of year

and remaining 22%, of the respondents are attending more than two times of year.

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

CHART – 22

MEDICAL CHECK – UP ATTENDED LAST YEAR

45%

40%

35%

30%
Percentage

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%
One time Two time More than two time
Medical check up

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TABLE – 23

ORGANIZATION CAREFULLY CONDUCTING PRE AND POST-EMPLOYMENT


MEDICAL CHECK UP

S.No Medical check up No.of.Respondents Percentage

1. Yes 91 91%

2. No 9 9%

Total 100 100%

INTERPRETATION:

The above table shows that 91% of the respondents are says that yeas and

remaining 9% of the respondents are says that no in organization carefully conducting pre-

employment and post-employment medical checkup.

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

CHART – 23

ORGANIZATION CAREFULLY CONDUCTING PRE AND POST-EMPLOYMENT


MEDICAL CHECK UP

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%
Percentage

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
Yes No
Medical check up

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TABLE – 24

EMPLOYEE EXPECTED SOME MORE SAFETY TOOLS

S.No Expected some more safety No.of.Respondents Percentage


tools

1. Yes 79 79%

2. No 21 21%

Total 50 100%

INTERPRETATION:

The above table shows that 79% of the employees expected some more safety

tools for and remaining 21% of the employees do not expected some more safety tools.

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

CHART – 24

EMPLOYEE EXPECTED SOME MORE SAFETY TOOLS

90%

80%

70%

60%
Percentage

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
Yes No
Expected some more safety tools

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TABLE – 25

AVAILABILITY OF HEALTH INSURANCE

Availability of
S.No No.of.Respondents Percentage
Health insurance

1. Yes 97 97%

2. No 03 3%

Total 100 100%

INTERPRETATION:

The above table a show that 97% of the respondents are says that Yes and
remaining 3% of the respondents are says that No in avail insurance scheme to secure health
and life.

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

CHART – 25

AVAILABILITY OF HEALTH INSURANCE

100%
90%
80%
70%
Percentage

60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Yes No
Availability of Health insurance

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TABLE – 26

ACCIDENT AT WORK PLACE

S.No Accident No.of.Respondents Percentage

Personal injury 37 37%


1.
Unexpected events 43 43%
2.
Method of operation 11 11%
3.
Old machines 9 9%
4.

Total 100 100%

INTERPRETATION:

The above table shows that 43% of the respondents are opinion that unexpected

events and 37% of the respondents are opinion that personal injuries, 11% of the respondents

are opinion that method of operation and remaining 9% of the respondents are opinion that

old machines with understanding of accidents at work place.

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CHART – 26

ACCIDENT AT WORK PLACE

45%

40%

35%

30%
Percentage

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%
Personal injury Unexpected Method of Old machines
events operation
Accident

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TABLE – 27

PART OF BODY EXPOSED TO ACCIDENT

S.No Parts of body No.of.Respondents Percentage

Head 05 5%
1.
Eye 07 7%
2.
Hands 30 30%
3.
Legs 06 6%
4.
Other part of the body
5. 04 4%
None
6. 48 48%

Total 100 100%

INTERPRETATION:

The above table shows that 48% of the respondents are opinion that None,

30% of the respondents are opinions that Hands, 7% of the respondents are opinion that Eye,

and 6% of the respondents are opinion that opinion that legs and 5% of the respondents are

opinion that head and remaining 4% of the respondents are opinion that other parts of the

body with exposed to accident.

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

CHART – 27

PART OF BODY EXPOSED TO ACCIDENT

50%
45%
40%
35%
Percentage

30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Head Eye Hands Legs Other part None
of the
body
Parts of body

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TABLE – 28

ACCIDENT OCCURRED IN THE COMPANY

S.No Accident occurred No.of.Respondents Percentage

Daily 07 7%
1.
Weekly 05 5%
2.
Monthly 03 3%
3.
Rarely 19 19%
4.
5. Never 66
66%

Total 100 100%

INTERPRETATION:

The above table shows that 66% of the respondents are opinions that never,

19% of the respondents are opinion that rarely, and 7% of the respondents are opinion that

Daily, 5% of the respondents are opinion that weekly and remaining 3% of the respondents

are opinion that monthly in accident occurred in the company.

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CHART – 28

ACCIDENT OCCURRED IN THE COMPANY

70%

60%

50%
Percentage

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
Daily Weekly Monthly Rarely Never
Accident occurred

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TABLE – 29

WORKERS USE SAFETY BELTS WHILE WORKING AT HEIGHT

S.No Safety belts use while No.of.Respondents Percentage


working height
Yes 79 79%
1.
No 21 21%
2.

Total 100 100%

INTERPRETATION:

The above table shows that 79% of the respondents are agreed and 21% of

the respondents are disagreed with wearing the safety belts while working at height.

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

CHART – 29

WORKERS USE SAFETY BELTS WHILE WORKING AT HEIGHT

80%

70%

60%

50%
Percentage

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
Safety belts use while working heightNo
Yes

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TABLE – 30

INJURIES RECORDED AND DISCUSSED IN SAFETY COMMITTEE MEETING

S.No Injuries recorded and No.of.Respondents Percentage


discussed in safety committee
Yes 78 78%
1.
No 22 22%
2.

Total 50 100%

INTERPRETATION:

The above table shows that 78% of the respondents are agreed and remaining

22% of the respondents are disagreed with injuries recorded and discussed in safety

committee meeting from time to time.

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TABLE – 30

INJURIES RECORDED AND DISCUSSED IN SAFETY COMMITTEE MEETING

90%

80%

70%

60%
Percentage

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
Yes No
Injuries recorded and discussed in safety committee

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TABLE – 31

PUBLISHED HEALTH AND SAFETY MANUAL

S.No Health and safety manual No.of.Respondents Percentage


published
Yes 90 90%
1.
No 10 10%
2.

Total 100 100%

INTERPRETATION:

The above table shows that 90% of the respondents are say that yes and

remaining 10% of the respondents are say that no in health and safety manuals published by

company.

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

CHART – 31

PUBLISHED HEALTH AND SAFETY MANUAL

90%

80%

70%

60%
Percentage

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%
Yes No
Health and safety manual published

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A Study on health and safety measures in Neycer India Ltd 2015

CHAPTER –V

FINDINGS

The 51% of respondents were belonging to the age group of Above 51 Years.

The 94% of respondents were male.

About 69% of respondents were educationally qualified with SSLC and below.

82% of respondents were married.

The 66% of respondents were having above 15 years‟ experience.

The 85% of respondents are opinion that organization having a health & safety policy.

The 87% of respondents are opinion that factory safety committee is working in our

company.

The 63% of the respondents are agreed that special training provide by the organization.

The 43% of respondents are opinion that monthly once safety committee meeting

conducted by the company.

The 36% of the respondents are opinion that improper lighting is a major reason for

work related accident that occurs in the organization.

The 30% of the respondents are opinion that lacks of inadequate skill are worker

based causes for accident occurs in the organization.

The 65% of respondents were highly satisfied with the maintenance of firefighting

equipment.

The 78% of the respondents are opinion that safety induction training to new

workman is provided.

The 90% of the respondents are agreed that safety training programme attended in last

one year.

About 39% of the respondents are opinion that attending one time in safety training

programme attended in last year.

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The 57% of the respondents are opinion that at time of joining awareness level of

health and safety is very high.

91% of the respondents are agreed that at present aware about employee health and

safety.

The 38% of the respondents are opinion that health and safety awareness through

motion pictures.

About 92% of the respondents are agreed that personal protective equipment‟s are

used during the working hours.

The 88% of the respondents are agreed that company provide adequate personal

protective equipment to be provided by organization.

About 89% of the respondents are agreed that the company arranged medical checkup

regularly.

The 45% of the respondents are attending medical checkup one time in yearly.

About 91% of the respondents are agreed that organization carefully conducting pre-

employment and post-employment medical checkup.

The 79% of the respondents are expected some more safety tools.

About 97% of the respondents are agreed that avail insurance scheme to secure health

and life.

The 43% of the respondents are opinion that unexpected events of accident at work

place.

The 48% of the respondents are opinion that none of the parts of body with exposed to

accident.

The 66% of the respondents are opinion that never accident occurred in the company.

About 79% of the respondents are agreed that wearing the safety belts while working

at height.

The 90% of the respondents are agreed that health and safety manuals published by

company.

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CHAPTER - VI

SUGGESTION AND RECOMMENDATION

o The company has to create the awareness for the workers regarding health and safety.

o They have to provide effective arrangements to the workers for communicating their

health and safety matters.

o It is better to provide frequent health and safety training, at least twice in a year.

o The management has to take necessary steps to reduce the stress level of the workers.

o Orientation programmes can be conducted to make the workers to feel that their work

environment is safe to work.

o The maintenance department has to maintain the machines properly to reduce lead-

time.

o Proper training has to be given to the workers to avoid frequent accidents.

o Meditation practices can be given to avoid electric shocks, finger injuries etc. due to

lack of concentration.

o Safety committee has to be formed to monitor the health and safety issues.

o The company has to conduct the regular inspections to ensure higher level of safety in

the workplace.

o Cordial relationship has to be maintained between the management and the workers to

implement the health and safety policies and measures in a smooth manner.

o Fresh air facilities to be improved in the company, so the companies try to concentrate

proper ventilation facilities in working places of employees.

o The company strictly to provide spittoons of the working places of the employees and

also improving Wastage disposal system properly.

o More modernized device should be implemented to minimize dust.

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CHAPTER - VII

CONCLUSION

The management of Neycer India Limited, vadalur it‟s implemented all possible

steps to achieve Full Safety and Health measure at workplace.

Neycer India Limited provides regular health checkup for workers. It also provides

all needed safety training to the workers for the safety awareness so that there is no

accident.

For better and good safety environment the management do the safety audit

weekly to identify and rectify the near miss cases also there is a monthly safety review

meeting is held.

Neycer India Limited is doing the entire possible thing to maintain the safety in

the plant also by keeping the worker happy.

Through this study, we got some findings and also we have to give some

suggestion based on the findings. We hope that my suggestion will help to improve the

health and safety in future development of our esteemed organization.

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CHAPTER - VIII

A STUDY ON EMPLOYEE HEALTH AND SAFETY IN NEYCER INDIA


LIMITED AT VADALUR
QUESTIONNAIRE

1. Name :
2. Age : 21-30Years 31-40 Years
41-50 Years Above 50Years
3. Gender : Male Female
4. Qualification : SSLC and Below HSC
Diploma UG PG
5. Marital Status : Married Unmarried
6. Work Experience
5 Years and Below 6 – 10 Years
11 -15 Years above 15 Years
7. Does the Organization have a Health and Safety policy?
Yes No
8. Does the factory have safety committee?
Yes No
9. Does the Neycer India limited provide any special training on
safety?
Yes No
10. How frequently he safety committee meeting is conducted?
Weekly once Once in two weeks
Monthly once Yearly Once
11. The major reasons for Work related accident that occur in the
Organization

Improper lighting polluted work place


Improper Ventilation Inadequate Safety devices
Unsafe & careless housekeeping If other mention ____

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12. What is your opinion about maintenance of Firefighting


equipment?
Highly Satisfied Satisfied
Moderate Dis-Satisfied
13. What are the worker based causes for the accident that occur
in the organization
Lack of adequate skill Disturbed mental condition
Neglecting safety devices unsafe speed
Unsafe material handling if others specify ____________________
14. Does the company give the safety induction training to the
new workman in the plant?

0 Yes No
15. Did you have attended any safety training programme in last
one year?
Yes No
16. If yes how many times did you attend safety training
programme per year?
One time Two time More than two time
17. At the time of joining, your awareness level of Employees
safety & health measures?
Very High High Low Very Low None
18. At present, do you aware of Employees Safety & Health
measures?
Yes No
19. If yes, through Which
Motion pictures written broachers Colleagues
Manger in person Others
20. Are using all personal protective equipment during the
working hours?
Yes No

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21. Company provides adequate personal protective equipment


like safety shoes and safety helmet?
Yes No
22. Does the Company arrange for Medical Check - up?
Yes No
23. If yes how many times have you undergone the medical
checkup within year?
One time Two time More than two time
24. Is your organization carefully conducting pre – employment
and post – employment medical checkup?
0 Yes No
25. Does you expect the company should provide some more
safety tools?
Yes No
26. Do you avail insurance schemes to secure your health and
life?
Yes No
27. What is your understanding about an accident at work place?
Personal Injury Unexpected Event
Method of Operation Old Machines
28. Which part of your body exposed to accident?
Head Eye Hands
Legs Other part of the body none
29. How often the accident occurred in your Company?
Daily Weekly Monthly
Rarely Never
30. Do workers use safety belts while working at height?
Yes No

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31. Are the injuries recorded and discussed in safety committee


meeting from time to time?

0
Yes No

32. Does the company have any published health and safety
manual?
Yes No
33. Any other information
_________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

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CHAPTER - IX

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books:
1) Arun monappa (1994), “Industrial relations”, 8th edition.
2) Ajay garg (1995), “Labour laws”, 8 th revised edition.
3) C.B.Mamoria, Satish mamoria, Gankar (2009), “Dynamics of industrial relations”,
19th edition.
4) C.B.Guptha (2000), “Human Resource management".
5) C.R.Kothari (1997), “Research methodology- methods and techniques”, 2nd
edition.
6) Joseph M Putti (1980), “The management of securing and maintaining the
workforce”, S Chand & Co Ltd. Ram Nagar, New Delhi.
7) O.R.Krishnaswami, M.Ranganatham, “Methodology of research in social sciences”,
Himalaya publishing house.
8) P.N.Arora, S.Arora, "Statistics for management" Himalaya publishing house.
9) Richard I. Levin, David S. Rubin (2002), “Statistics for Management”, 7th edition.
10) Sewa singh chauhan (1993), “Labour welfare administration in India”, 1st edition.

Websites:
1) www.hr.com

2) www.humanresources.about.com

3) www.ilo.com

4) www.britannica.com

5) www.definition-info.com

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References:
1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20106469
2) http://journals.lww.com/joem/Abstract/2009/09000/A_Systematic_Review_of_Occup
ational_Health_and.6.aspx
3) http://www.ehjournal.net/content/8/1/47
4) http://jech.bmj.com/content/63/7/521.abstract
5) http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do;jsessionid=9F2CDBC6B
5111CA6756D2D26B9121610?contentType=Article&contentId=1718276
6) http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do?contentType=Article&c
ontentId=1728145
7) http://jech.bmj.com/content/61/Suppl_2/ii39.abstract
8) http://occmed.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/57/6/449
9) http://oem.bmj.com/content/63/9/608.abstract
10) http://oem.bmj.com/content/60/1/43.abstract
11) http://jech.bmj.com/content/55/5/316.abstract
12) http://www.monash.edu.au/muarc/reports/muarc166.html
13) http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=1519328
14) http://ethics.iit.edu/NanoEthicsBank/popular_search.php?cmd=search&words=workpl
ace+safety&mode=normal
15) http://oem.bmj.com/content/54/6/367.abstract
16) http://www.dol.govt.nz/publication-view.asp?ID=53
17) http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2007-123/pdfs/2007-123.pdf
18) http://cohesion.rice.edu/CentersAndInst/ICON/emplibrary/Phase%20I%20Report_UC
SBICON%20Final.pdf
19) http://www.icohweb.org/newsletter/icoh_newsletter_2004_04.pdf
20) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pu bmed/19030766?dopt=Abstract

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