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 Carollo Engineers is an environmental consult-
ing firm with more than 800 employees in 29 offices throughout the
United States. All of our work is performed in the areas of water and
wastewater, resulting in a level of understanding of key project issues
that few can match. Carollo strives to maintain the tradition of using
sound and proven engineering principles while moving progressively
forward to keep abreast of changing times and new technologies.

This is a specialty Statement of Qualifications (SOQ) for

Carollo Engineers detailing some of our experience and expertise in
the field of water treatment specific to this topic.

contents
Issues and Differentiators
Key Achievements
Testing and Optimization Capabilities
Core Team and Publications
Company Profile
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preface/contents
 Carollo’s focus on municipal water and wastewater engineering,
combined with our investment in applied research and our
commitment to integrating conventional and innovative processes,
sets us apart in the industry. A primary and important example of
this is our leadership position as an authority on drinking water UV
disinfection.

UV disinfection provides significant benefits to public health

at a reasonable cost. In addition, construction, operation, and
maintenance attributes make UV technology an attractive choice.
As a pioneer and current leader in wastewater UV applications, as
well as other innovative drinking water technologies, Carollo has
taken a strong lead in research and application of UV disinfection for
drinking water treatment.

A LEADER IN UV TECHNOLOGY
Carollo's recent efforts in UV disinfection have raised the visibility
and viability of this innovative treatment technology. Our recent
work in the United States includes:
!! USEPA UV Disinfection Guidance Manual. While the USEPA
had a number of consultants working on the guidance documents
associated with regulations and technologies for the Long-Term
2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (LT2ESWTR), they
selected Carollo to develop and write key sections of the USEPA
UV Disinfection Guidance Manual (UVDGM), including UV
Carollo used UVXPT and CFD software to evaluate fundamentals, validation, piloting, design, and operation.
hydraulics and UV dose delivery by Trojan UVSwift
reactors used by British Columbia's Victoria
!! Portland UV Validation Facility. Recognizing the need for
160-mgd Japan Gulch UV facility. validation in North America, Carollo developed the Portland UV
Validation Facility. The facility has successfully validated 32 UV
reactor product lines at flows up to 40 mgd per reactor.
!! Dose Monitoring and Control. The heart of a UV disinfection
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system is its validated dose monitoring and control algorithm.

Through our Water Research Foundation research, work on
the USEPA UVDGM, and validation at the Portland facility,
Carollo has developed new approaches for dose monitoring and

issues and differentiators 1

 control that have been adopted by commercial UV reactors from
WEDECO, Calgon, Trojan, and Aquionics.
!! UV Disinfection Research. Since 1990, the Water Research
Foundation has funded 35 projects on drinking water UV
disinfection and advanced oxidation. Carollo is the principal or
co-principal investigator for 10 of those projects and a Project
Advisory Committee member or participant on three others.
In particular, Carollo is leading or participating in 10 of the 12
projects awarded since January 2003. These projects define the
state-of-the-art in drinking water UV disinfection.

Carollo's Year
Project Name
Role Awarded
Evaluation of Computational Fluid Dynamics as
Co-Principal
a Cost-Effective Tool for Assessing UV System 2007
Investigator
Performance
Visualization and Quantification of UV Dose
Co-Principal
and Mixing in UV Reactors by 3D Laser-Induced 2007
Investigator
Fluorescence
For our Water Research Foundation
Preventing and Controlling Mercury Release in UV Principal
UV Knowledge Base project, Carollo is 2006
Disinfection Systems Investigator
conducting on-site evaluations of 10 large-
Evaluation of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
scale UV systems, including Victoria (top - Project
for Modeling UV-Initiated Advanced Oxidation 2005
Advisor
160 mgd) and Edmonton (bottom - 80 mgd). Processes
We apply the lessons learned from evaluating Principal
Development of a UV Disinfection Knowledge Base 2005
installed systems to enhance UV system Investigator
design and operation. Principal
Optimization of UV Validation 2003
Investigator
Principal
Optimization of UV Disinfection 2003
Investigator
Dosimeters for UV Dose Verification and Project
2003
Monitoring Advisor
Advanced Water Treatment of Estuarine Water Principal
2003
Supplies for Improving Water Quality Investigator
Design and Performance Guidelines for UV Sensor Principal
2003

issues and differentiators

Carollo leads the engineering
consulting community in
conducting Water Research
Foundation sponsored research
on drinking water UV
disinfection.
Systems Investigator
Inactivation of Pathogens with Innovative UV Co-Principal
1999
Technologies Investigator
Principal
Practical Aspects of UV Disinfection 1999
Investigator
Full-Scale Implementation of Ultraviolet
Participant 1997
Disinfection in Groundwater Treatment Systems
!! Water Research Foundation Practical Aspects of UV
Disinfection. This was the first funded research project to
address the practical aspects of UV disinfection for surface waters,
creating industry-wide acceptance of the potential of UV.
!! New York City Computational Fluid Dynamic Peer Review.
Recognizing Carollo’s UV expertise, New York City retained
Carollo to provide expert peer review on Computational Fluid
Dynamic (CFD)-based approaches for validating large-scale UV
reactors for their 2,200-mgd Catskill/Delaware UV system.

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2

A
B Design Experience
C designs.
Carollo has designed and installed UV
systems from WEDECO (A - City of Tracy,
CA), Aquionics (B- East Bay MUD, CA),
Calgon (C - Mountain House, CA)
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!! UVXPT and UVCAT Performance Modeling Software.
Carollo developed UVXPT software to provide CFD-based
modeling of dose delivery by UV reactors and UVCAT software
to provide performance and life-cycle costs assessments of UV
system alternatives. These state-of-the-art tools provide a unique
opportunity for WTPs to optimize and validate their UV system
designs early in the design process.
Our expertise in applied UV research, validation, regulation, and
modeling provides us with an unmatched ability on UV disinfection
from concept design to startup. Recent projects include:
!! Greater Cincinnati Water Works, OH - 240-mgd design and
construction.
!! Denver Water, CO - 180-mgd, 250-mgd, and 275-mgd concept
!! Metropolitan Water District of Salt Lake and Sandy, UT -
150-mgd design and construction.
!! Oklahoma City, OK - 150-mgd conceptual design.
!! Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission, MD - 120-mgd
design and construction.
!! City of Tempe, AZ - 50-mgd and 65-mgd design and construction.
!! Weber Basin Water Conservancy District, UT - 32-mgd and
46-mgd design and construction.
!! City of St. George, UT - 40-mgd design.
!! City of Tracy, CA - 30-mgd design and construction.
!! Mountain House, CA - 5-mgd and 20-mgd design and
construction.
!! Neenah Water Utility, WI - 18-mgd design and construction.
!! North Shore Water Commission, WI - 18-mgd predesign.
!! East Bay Municipal Utility District, CA - 8-mgd backwash water
design and construction.
!! City of Flagstaff, AZ - 4-mgd design and construction.
!! City of Weiser, ID - 4-mgd design.
!! High Desert Power Project, Victorville, CA - 3-mgd design.
In addition to externally funded projects, Carollo actively conducts
in-house research to enhance our UV disinfection understanding
and capabilities. We have developed custom UV reactors that can be
fitted with different types of UV lamp, quartz sleeves, and sensors.
These reactors have recently been used to evaluate the impact of
issues and differentiators 3
 lamp type on fouling rates for the City of San Francisco. We have
also developed specialized instrumentation for conducting on-site
assessments of UV system performance, which we are currently using
to evaluate 10 installed UV systems across North America.

Carollo also actively promotes UV disinfection by sponsoring

conferences and workshops across the United States, attended by
academics, regulators, utilities, and manufacturers. As an example,
Carollo authored 12 papers presented at the 2007 International
Congress of the International UV Association held in Los Angeles,
California.

The following pages provide additional detail regarding the projects

that demonstrate our industry leadership in UV disinfection for
drinking water treatment.

San Francisco PUC is using Carollo’s specialized

instrumentation and custom reactors to evaluate
the impact of lamp type and water quality on
fouling rates within UV reactors

0.012 30

70% UVT
0.01 25 83% UVT
93% UVT
98% UVT
Measured T1 RED (mJ/cm2)

0.008 20
Probability

0.006 15

0.004 10

0.002 5

0 0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 0 5 10 15 20 25

2
UV Dose (mJ/cm ) 2
Predicted T1 RED (mJ/cm )

Through our Water Research Foundation research and UV validation at Portland, Carollo has developed an innovative, low
cost approach for determining UV reactor dose distributions from MS2 biodosimetry data. The method has been proven
by the accurate prediction of T1 phage inactivation with four commercial reactors. Using UV dose distributions determined
from biodosimetry eliminates RED bias uncertainty and optimizes UV system sizing and operation by as much as 50 percent
depending on the reactor technology.
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issues and differentiators 4

 The project profiles on the following pages present highlights of
Carollo’s key achievements in drinking water treatment using UV
disinfection. These examples illustrate our ability to:
!! Implement innovative technologies to improve process design and
performance.
!! Integrate engineering and research to achieve practical solutions
tailored to specific client needs.
!! Involve project participants early in the process to “demystify”
advanced technology and fully understand each other’s needs.
!! Offer advanced solutions that are practical, affordable, and
reliable.

We would be happy to provide client references that can attest to the

quality and responsiveness of Carollo’s services.
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key achievements 5
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Guidance document associated
with regulations/technologies for
HIGHLIGHTS
the Long-Term 2 Enhanced Surface
Water Treatment Rule.
Directly responsible for
developing more than 50 percent of
the 2003 UVDGM.
Led presentations and discussions
to support stakeholder feedback.
Carollo developed the approaches used by the
USEPA’s UV Disinfection Guidance Manual to
relate validation results to inactivation credit
for Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and virus.”
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USEPA UV Disinfection Guidance Manual
As part of the Agreement in Principle for the Stage 2 M/DBP Rules,
UV disinfection was included within the regulatory toolbox for
obtaining Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and virus inactivation credits. To
support this decision, USEPA prepared a UV Disinfection Guidance
Manual (UVDGM).
Due to its recognized leadership in UV disinfection, the USEPA
contracted Carollo to write key sections of the UVDGM, including
major portions of the sections on UV fundamentals, design and
pilot testing, and all sections on UV reactor testing and validation.
Carollo also supported stakeholder feedback on the manual by
leading presentations and discussions at stakeholder meetings in
New Orleans and Washington, D.C. In addition to UV disinfection,
Carollo prepared sections of the Microbial Toolbox guidance on
using chlorine dioxide, ozone and demonstration of performance for
earning inactivation/removal credits.
key achievements
Carollo used CFD models of commercial reactors to develop the RED Bias
uncertainty tables in the USEPA UV Disinfection Guidance Manual.
6
 City of Portland, Oregon
Validation of 32 commercial UV
HIGHLIGHTS
reactor product lines from Calgon,
Trojan, WEDECO and Aquionics at
flows up to 40 mgd.
Development of optimized
validation techniques using MS2
and T1 phage that accounts for the
UV reactor’s dose distribution.
Validation of 40-mgd UV reactors
moves large-scale UV from
research to full-scale application.
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UV Disinfection Validation Facility
To receive inactivation credit with UV disinfection, the USEPA
requires that UV systems undergo validation testing. Before 2003,
UV systems installed in the U.S. were validated either on site or at
a facility in Europe. Recognizing a need for a U.S. facility, Carollo
developed the Portland UV Disinfection Validation Facility in
Portland, Oregon.
The facility is located near the groundwater pumping station
of Portland’s South Shore Well Field. The wellfield can provide
on demand up to 90 mgd of chlorine-free, low UV-absorbance
groundwater.
Carollo obtained funding for facility development from four UV
system suppliers: Calgon Carbon Corporation, Trojan Technologies,
ITT-WEDECO, and Aquionics. The design and construction of a
30-inch test train was completed in February 2003. A second 12-inch
test train was added to the facility in December 2005. The facility is
being expanded in 2008 to provide validation at flows up to 60 mgd.
Carollo commissioned the site in March 2003 with the testing of a
40-mgd, medium-pressure UV system supplied by Calgon. Carollo
has since tested 32 commercial UV reactor technologies for drinking
water and reuse applications at flowrates ranging from 1 to 40 mgd
and UV transmittance values ranging from 50 to
98 percent. Since facility startup, over 1,200 challenge
tests using MS2, QB, T1 and T7 coliphage have been used
to demonstrate UV doses ranging from 5 to 120 mJ/cm2.
The test train provides highly accurate validation test
results - flow is controlled to within 1 percent of target
flow, UVT is controlled within 0.3 percent of target UVT,
and influent and effluent concentrations are typically
measured with a standard deviation of 0.04 log. Through
analysis of the validation data, Carollo has developed
efficient and simple dose-monitoring algorithms that predict UV dose
within ± 1 mJ/cm2. The dose-monitoring algorithms are used by UV
systems across North America and have been adopted by the USEPA
UV Disinfection Guidance Manual as a standard method for the UV
industry.
The success of the Portland Validation Facility makes large-scale
validation a reality today. Large cities implementing UV disinfection
can now confidently plan the use of large-scale reactors to comply
with the Long-Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule.
key achievements 7
GREATER CINCINNATI WATER WORKS, OHIO
Large-scale UV system design
using 40-mgd reactors.
HIGHLIGHTS
UVCAT software evaluated UV
disinfection and AOP alternatives.
UV system layout optimized for
redundancy and capital costs.
Reactor building inlet structures
optimized using CFD.
Computational Fluid Dynamics optimized the inlet
piping design to provide optimal flow split between
UV reactors, thereby eliminating the need for
automated flow control.
Carollo evaluated the performance and costs of
MP and LPHO alternates for 6, 8, 10 and 12 trains.
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Demonstration Study and Final Design of UV System
Greater Cincinnati Water Works awarded Carollo, in partnership
with another firm, a $3-million contract to design and construct
a UV system for their 240-mgd Richard Miller Treatment Plant
(RMTP.) The RMTP is a surface water plant that employs
conventional surface water filtration, along with post filtration
granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption for organics removal.
Carollo is responsible for 40 percent of the project and leads tasks on
process engineering, structural design, and validation/demonstration
testing. The anticipated UV system construction costs are $30
million.
Carollo used the cost-benefit model of the USEPA LT2ESWTR,
customized for the RMTP, to justify the selection of design criteria
for pathogen log inactivation and UV dose. The analysis quantified
the significant public health benefits to Cincinnati obtained by
implementing UV disinfection for 2-, 3- and 4-log inactivation
credit. Ten years of historic flow and UVT data were also analyzed to
identify sizing criteria that minimized the risk off-spec performance
caused by seasonal water quality.
Carollo pre-qualified three UV vendors for the RMTP, prepared
a Request for Information on UV system alternates for 6-, 8-, 10-
and 12-train systems, and used UVCAT software to evaluate and
optimize the UV system alternates in terms of sizing, redundancy,
dose monitoring and control, power consumption, O&M costs,
life-cycle costs, and validation. Carollo evaluated expansion options
for the inactivation of emerging contaminants listed on the USEPA
Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule Contaminants (List 3)
key achievements
and the treatment of T&O compounds and micropollutants using
UV light and hydrogen peroxide. The analysis was used to select the
8-train layout, define expansion for seasonal advanced oxidation
for T&O compounds, and plan off-site validation. The analysis
also identified the optimal UV dose and hydrogen peroxide dosing
strategy for each UV system alternative given the RMTP’s highly
seasonal flow and water quality (UVT and peroxide scavengers).
Currently, the project team has completed the 30-percent design
report. Carollo was responsible for structural engineering and
providing technical input on hydraulics, UV system layouts, electrical
design, and controls. Over the next six months, Carollo will prepare
UV specifications and procurement documents, evaluate and rank
UV vendor bids, and conduct validation and full-scale demonstration
testing.
8
METROPOLITAN WATER DISTRICT OF SALT LAKE and SANDY, UTAH
Design, construction and startup of
a 150-mgd water treatment plant
with UV disinfection.
Optimized UV system validation,
HIGHLIGHTS
dose monitoring and control.
On time and within budget project
completion.
Strong partnership/collaboration
between client, engineer, and
contractor.
Engineering Excellence Award
from the American Council of
Engineering Companies of
Utah in 2003.
Carollo provide construction services for the
installation of large-scale WEDECO K143
reactors validated to flows of 40 mgd.
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Point of the Mountain Water Treatment Plant Design
and Construction
Carollo was the lead consultant for the design and construction of
the 150-mgd Point of the Mountain Water Treatment Plant for the
Metropolitan Water District of Salt Lake and Sandy, located near
Salt Lake City, UT. This $90-million greenfield project included flash
mix; flocculation; sedimentation, intermediate ozone; biologically
active filters, UV disinfection, and chlorine disinfection. Other
plant facilities included a finished water pump station, a 20-MG
chlorinated reservoir, solids settling basins, solids handling facilities,
a standby power generation facility and a maintenance facility. Total
construction cost was $72 million and the engineering fees were
$5.4 million. The project was completed as planned in Summer 2007.
Carollo conducted a $1.6-million bench and pilot study over
18 months to select and optimize process alternatives. Analysis
showed that pre- and intermediate ozonation, biologically active
filtration, and UV disinfection provided the most robust and cost
effective treatment to meet future challenges, including T&O events
and the requirements of the LT2ESWTR and the Stage 2 DBP Rule.
Carollo designed the disinfection facilities to provide complementary
use of ozone, chlorine, and UV technologies. UV provided 2.5-log
Cryptosporidium and Giardia inactivation credit. Ozone provided
0.5-log Giardia credit, T&O treatment, process enhancement, and
chlorine provided 2.0-log virus credit.
Carollo prepared UV specifications that provided a competitive
bid between commercial LPHO and MP technologies. Based on an
assessment of life-cycle costs and non-monetary factors, Carollo
key achievements
recommended the selection of a WEDECO K143 UV system.
While the UV system was designed to accommodate seven reactors,
only four reactors are installed to treat an interim capacity of 70 mgd.
With the optimization of UV validation using new test microbes,
the implementation of the 2006 UVDGM, and the increase in UVT
caused by ozonation, the four installed reactors have capacity to treat
the 150-mgd design flow,
thereby providing capital and
O&M cost savings.
9
 Denver Water, Colorado
Three water treatment facilities
with a combined flow greater
HIGHLIGHTS
than 700 mgd.
Evaluation of large-scale
UV disinfection.
Application of advanced tools
for assessing UV disinfection
developed through New York State
Energy Research and Development
Authority and Water Research
Foundation projects.
Carollo used three-dimensional models during
workshops to help Denver Water rank and select
location and UV reactor alternatives for three
large-scale water treatment plants.
“From the beginning of the
project, Carollo showed they were
above the competition in terms of
qualifications, technical expertise,
and customer focus”
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Martin Garcia, Project Engineer,
Denver Water
UV Disinfection Study and Conceptual Design for
the Foothills, Marston, and Moffat Water Treatment
Plants
Denver Water selected Carollo to evaluate UV disinfection at three
water treatment plants: the 300-mgd Foothills WTP, the 250-mgd
Marston WTP, and the 210-mgd Moffat WTP. The project followed
an aggressive seven-month schedule during which Carollo developed
UV design criteria, established UV location alternatives, reviewed
commercial UV technologies, developed conceptual designs for
each facility and an implementation plan for full-scale design. The
evaluation also included an assessment of UV light to inactivate and
control chlorella and UV with hydrogen peroxide to control seasonal
taste and odor events.
Carollo’s approach for Denver Water addressed important issues
that directly impact implementing UV disinfection in terms of costs,
reliability, and ease of use. Carollo compared the costs
and benefits of applying large-scale UV reactors
(40 and 70 mgd) treating combined filter effluent
to smaller scale reactors treating individual
filter flows. Both the Marston and Moffat
WTPs were headloss-constrained due to
the earlier addition of chlorine contactors
in the finished water reservoirs. To resolve
this issue, Carollo developed a disinfection
strategy for Denver using UV disinfection
to achieve both Cryptosporidium and Giardia
credit, thereby allowing chlorine CT to be reduced to the level
needed for 2.5-log virus credit. Combined with modifications of the
yard piping and junction boxes, and the use of low headloss reactors,
these changes would not only make combined filter effluent options
feasible but increase the water level in the finished water reservoirs.
Carollo used UVCAT – UV system cost and performance software –
to identify optimal UV system operational strategies, and used cost-
benefit workshops with Denver Water to rank and select the best
UV system for each site. UVCAT also used risk analysis to evaluate
the impacts of off-specification performance by the UV system and
identify the need for back-up power using uninterruptible power
supply systems.
key achievements 10
San Francisco Public Utilities Commission (SFPUC), California
HIGHLIGHTS
High fouling rates observed with
LPHO and MP UV Systems.
Custom reactors and Optics Bench
accurately quantify fouling.
Fouling rates impact UV system
selection.
Carollo's Optics Bench confirmed significant lamp
sleeve and UV sensor port window fouling.
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UV Fouling Study for the Hetch Hetchy Supply
As part of planning efforts for SFPUC’s proposed 315-mgd UV
disinfection facility for the Hetch Hetchy supply, Carollo conducted
a six-month pilot study to evaluate fouling of UV reactors equipped
with low-pressure high-output (LPHO), low-pressure high-
output amalgam (LPHO-A) and medium-pressure (MP) UV lamp
technologies. Carollo customized two UV reactors obtained from
R-CAN Environmental to provide simultaneous evaluation of all
three-lamp technology. One reactor housed four LPHO and four
LPHO-A lamps, while a second reactor housed a single MP lamp.
Multiple sensor ports were installed to monitor fouling rates along
the length and about the circumference of the quartz sleeves housing
the UV lamps.
UV sensor readings were monitored over five test periods to
determine UV lamp aging and quartz sleeve/sensor port fouling.
Upon completion of each testing period, sleeves and sensor port
windows were removed for direct measurement of fouling using
Carollo’s custom Optics Bench. Sleeves were rinsed with acid
solution to capture foulants for analysis by Inductively Coupled
Plasma/Mass Spectroscopy (ICP/MS) method and then manually
cleaned to restore UV transmittance.
The study showed significant sleeve and sensor port window fouling
with both MP and LPHO lamp types. ICP/MS analysis showed that
the primary constituents of the foulant were calcium, iron, silicon,
and aluminum. The observed fouling rates were surprising because
the Hetch Hetchy supply is an unfiltered source characterized by
low hardness and alkalinity, low mineral content, and relatively high
key achievements
UVT. The study highlights the need for careful evaluation of fouling
potential prior to UV system selection and design. Based on these
initial findings, SFPUC is conducting further pilot testing to evaluate
the effectiveness of the sleeve wiping mechanism prior to final
selection of UV process equipment.
Lamp Aging Phase 1 CAF Phase 2 CAF Phase 3 CAF Phase 4 CAF Phase 5 CAF
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
CAF Index
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Medium-Pressure Lamp Hours
Carollo used CAF index calculations to show fouling over five test phases.
11
 City of Tempe, Arizona
First large-scale UV facilities for
drinking water disinfection
in Arizona.
HIGHLIGHTS
50 and 65 mgd UV systems use
large-scale UV reactors validated
to 40 mgd.
T1 phage validation increases
inactivation credit and lowers
O&M costs.
Relatively small footprint of UV
facilities, resulting in minimal
site impacts.
The WEDECO UV system at the South Tempe
Water Treatment Plant was validated at flows from
2 to 40 mgd and UVTs from 70 to 95 percent at the
Portland Validation Facility.
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Johnny G. Martinez and South Tempe Water
Treatment Plant Upgrades
Carollo has completed the design of UV disinfection and onsite
sodium hypochlorite generation facilities for the City of Tempe,
Arizona’s 50-mgd South Tempe Water Treatment Plant and 65 mgd
Johnny G. Martinez Water Treatment Plant. These upgrades were
implemented to reduce DBPs, provide Cryptosporidium inactivation
to meet the LT2ESWTR, and reduce public health risks associated
with previously used gaseous chlorine.
The designs for both plants used large-scale UV reactors located in a
dedicated building downstream of filtration. The Johnny G. Martinez
design used four duty and one standby UV reactors while the South
Tempe Design uses three duty and one standby. To simplify O&M,
both plants used WEDECO K143 reactors, each equipped with seven
rows of 12 LPHO lamps. The reactors were initially validated using
MS2 phage at flows from 2 to 40 mgd and UVTs from 85 to
95 percent at the Portland UV Validation Facility.
Since the South Tempe Plant UV system was commissioned in
September 2005, the raw water quality at the South Tempe Plant
dramatically changed, resulting in seasonal UVTs that dropped below
the design UVT of the plant and below the validated range of the
reactors. To resolve this issue, the UV reactors were re-validated
using T1 phage. The T1 validation increased the capacity of the
reactor to receive Cryptosporidium credit at lower UVTs and provided
more efficient operation of the UV system under average conditions,
thereby lowering O&M costs.
The re-validated UV system was commissioned from January to
March 2008 with the purpose of obtaining UV disinfection credit
from the Maricopa County Environmental Services Department
(MCESD). Commissioning included a detailed one-week start-up
test and training period led by Carollo, in partnership with the UV
system manufacturer, followed by a 30-day operational test period
conducted by the City’s personnel. The commissioning demonstrated
that the UV system operated per regulatory requirements, resulting
in MCESD approval of the UV system for 2.5-log Cryptosporidium
and 3.0-log Giardia inactivation credit.
key achievements 12
Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission, laurel, Maryland
Design of new UV disinfection
facilities for 120 mgd
HIGHLIGHTS
filtration plant.
Use of Computational Fluid
Dynamic modeling to evaluate UV
reactor performance.
First large-scale UV disinfection
system for drinking water in
the State of Maryland.
Carollo used Computational Fluid Dynamics to
identify the optimal approach for installing UV
within the tight space constraints of the Patuxent
filter gallery. CFD is a powerful tool for assessing
the impact of pipe bends, expansions, and valves
on UV reactor performance.
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Patuxent Water Filtration Plant Expansion
The Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission (WSSC)
selected Carollo (teamed with another consultant) to design a
new UV disinfection system for their 120-mgd Patuxent Water
Treatment Plant (WTP) expansion project. The Patuxent WTP is
a conventional filtration plant currently using chlorine disinfection.
UV disinfection is being added to the treatment process to enhance
multi-barrier pathogen control. The project also includes design
and construction services for conventional filtration and chlorine
disinfection needed to increase the emergency capacity of the WTP
from 80 to 120 mgd.
During preliminary design, Carollo identified and resolved issues
that impacted the costs and ease of implementing UV disinfection.
Because the WTP was originally designed to implement ozone
upstream of filtration, locations between the filter effluent and the
water reservoirs were headloss and space constrained. Carollo used
UVCAT UV system simulation software and hydraulic analysis to
compare life-cycle costs and headloss for filter gallery and combined
effluent locations. Because the combined effluent option was not
feasible without costly intermediate pumping, the filter gallery option
was selected.
Because of space constraints, the filter gallery option was limited to
UV systems using medium-pressure UV lamps. UVCAT evaluated
the dose monitoring and control strategies of medium-pressure
UV system alternates. The analysis showed that UV systems with
high dose delivery turndown were required to provide optimal dose
pacing given the WTP’s highly variable flow and UVT. UVCAT also
key achievements
evaluated the combined costs of filtration and UV disinfection as a
function of the number of filters operating, allowing WSSC to select
a filter operation strategy that provides the optimal balance between
UV system costs and ease of use.
The project team has recently selected a UV supplier and is currently
verifying reactor hydraulics to determine if further UV validation
testing is needed.
13
Mountain House Community Services District, California
Fast track UV system and
construction: design/build team
completed the 20-mgd water
treatment plant with UV treatment
HIGHLIGHTS
in 21 months.
Design based on
preselected UV equipment to
maximize design efficiency.
UV system startup and
commissioning.
Close working relations with
regulator (CDPH) to obtain approval
for UV system.
Carollo conducted a 6-month performance test
of the installed UV system to obtain approval
with the California Department of Public Health.
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Mountain House Water Treatment Plant Interim and
Expansion Project
The Mountain House Community Services District (MHCSD) hired
Carollo to evaluate their existing 2.5-mgd water treatment plant and
develop designs for a 15-mgd plant expansion. Because of tightening
surface water regulations and rapid growth of the community, the
owner required the new plant be designed and constructed in
21 months. The client also requested a capacity increase from 15 mgd
to 20 mgd without a time extension. To meet the fast-track delivery
schedule required by the developer, Carollo partnered with Western
Summit Constructors to provide design/build delivery of this 20-mgd,
$40-million facility.
Carollo performed a detailed evaluation of expansion alternatives,
including conventional treatment with UV disinfection, ultra
filtration, and the expansion of the existing Trident filter system.
Based on capital and operations costs, regulatory compliance, and
system reliability, Carollo recommended a conventional treatment
plant with UV disinfection and sludge drying bed for solids handling.
Construction began in June 2005 and was competed in April, 2007.
To provide treated water to the Mountain House community, the
project was implemented in two phases. The interim expansion phase
implemented a 5-mgd UV system using two Calgon 18-inch Sentinel
reactors each equipped with six medium pressure (MP) lamps. The
expansion phase implemented a 20-mgd UV system using two Calgon
36-inch Sentinel reactors, each equipped with nine MP lamps.
As part of the UV system commissioning, Carollo conducted start-up
testing to demonstrate that the installed UV system was sized to meet
key achievements
the UV dose requirements called for in the UV specification and that
the PLC was programmed with the dose monitoring algorithm given
in the UV validation report. Carollo also confirmed the accuracy of
UV sensors and on-line UVT monitors, verified alarms indicating
UV system operation outside the validated range, and confirmed that
lamp aging, fouling, and power consumption met design criteria.
Carollo worked with the City and the UV equipment manufacturer
to resolve issues identified during start-up testing. Carollo also
worked with the City and California Department of Public Health
(CDPH) to obtain disinfection credit for the UV system. Carollo
documented UV system performance over a six-month evaluation
period and prepared permitting documents that included the
commissioning report, mercury response plan, and UV system
operating strategy.
14
Weber Basin Water Conservancy District, Layton, Utah
Davis North Water Treatment Plant
Carollo designed an expansion and upgrade for the Weber Basin
UV disinfection for the full capacity Water Conservancy District’s Davis North Water Treatment Plant in
of a 46-mgd water treatment plant
Layton, Utah. The project increases capacity from 26 mgd to
using 20-mgd reactors.
46 mgd and includes UV disinfection for the full 46-mgd capacity
One of the country’s first large-
HIGHLIGHTS

using 20-mgd reactors. It is the first such system for treatment of

scale UV disinfection drinking
water installations.
First synergistic application
of UV and ozone for drinking
water treatment.
Conjunctive use of ozone and UV
resulted in a facility cost reduction
approximately 50 percent of the
next-lowest-cost alternative.
potable water in the State of Utah and one of the first large-scale
drinking water facilities in the country utilizing UV disinfection.
The design also included new conventional flocculation and
sedimentation basins, pre- and intermediate ozone designed for taste
and odor control, and enhanced particle removal. An evaluation of
disinfection and taste and odor control strategies showed that the
synergistic combination of ozone and UV disinfection resulted in a
facility cost reduction of approximately 50 percent compared to the
next-lowest-cost alternative.

UV installation at the David North Water Treatment

key achievements
Plant uses large-scale reactors equipped with low-
pressure, high-output lamps.

Computational Fluid Dynamic models helped to assess

the impacts of inlet piping on hydraulics.

V:\CompanySOQs\UVDisinfection\Indd\02KeyAchievUV.indd
15
 East Bay Municipal Utility District, Walnut Creek, California
Water treatment plant expansion
to 120 mgd through $85 million in
HIGHLIGHTS
planned improvements.
First application of UV disinfection
to treat backwash water for 3-log
Cryptosporidium inactivation.
First application of computational
fluid dynamics to prove that
installation hydraulics are equal to
or better than validation hydraulics.
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Water Treatment Plant Improvements Project
Carollo provided preliminary and final design for the East Bay
Municipal Utility District’s Walnut Creek Water Treatment Plant
Improvements Project. The project’s primary objective was to
increase plant capacity to 120 mgd through $85 million in planned
improvements. Improvements included new chemical storage/
feed facilities, new filters totaling 40 mgd, a new backwash water
treatment facility, new 5- and 16-million-gallon clearwell tanks, plant
control instrumentation upgrades, and measures to improve work
space, plant security, and landscaping. Construction of the facilities
involved significant neighborhood issues and required a phasing plan
to keep existing facilities in operation during construction.
The project included implementing UV disinfection for the filter
backwash water handling system, and designing an optional addition
for the main treatment process. The backwash water UV system met
the State of California’s requirement to achieve 3-log inactivation
of Cryptosporidium and Giardia using a design dose of 40 mJ/cm2
at 8 mgd. Carollo performed bench-scale studies to identify the
optimal backwash treatment process using equalization, coagulation,
sedimentation, and UV. Results provided a basis for defining a design
UV transmittance for UV system sizing.
The client-engineer project team chose a medium-pressure Aquionics
system based on availability of UV validation data, reliability
considerations, and site constraints.
To obtain approval from the California Department of Health Services, Carollo
used Computational Fluid Dynamics to compare hydraulics of the installation
(left) to that with UV reactor validation (right).
key achievements 16
 City of Tracy, California
John Jones Water Treatment Plant Expansion
Carollo approved design and construction services for the John
30-mgd UV facility for Giardia and Jones Water Treatment Plant Expansion. The project increased
HIGHLIGHTS

Cryptosporidium control.
Unique evaluated bid approach to
select preferred UV system.
Selection of UV manufacturers
based on life-cycle costs, validation
experience, and installation/
operating history.
the plant flow to 30 mgd with the addition of new flocculation/
sedimentation basins, washwater basins, and chemical addition
facilities. UV disinfection was implemented to address current and
pending regulatory requirements for the inactivation of Giardia
and Cryptosporidium. UV disinfection also provided fewer hydraulic
impacts and lower capital and O&M costs than other technologies,
such as ozone.

Carollo evaluated the life-cycle costs (capital and O&M), reactor

validation experience, and installation and operating history of these
proposed UV system alternatives and selected a WEDECO K143
system consisting of seven rows of 12 LPHO lamps.

Commissioning confirmed that the UV system was properly sized per

the design criteria and used the dose monitoring algorithm provided
in the validation report. Commissioning also verified UV sensor
accuracy, power consumption, response to changing flow and UVT,
and alarms.

To optimize lamp replacement and cleaning schedules, Carollo

provided the City with a software tool that calculates the combined
aging and fouling factor from the measured UV intensity. Carollo also
provided software tools to calculate UV sensor calibration ratios to
maintain regulatory compliance.

To obtain regulatory credit for the UV system, Carollo liaised

between the City and California Department of Public Health
(CDPH), conducted workshops with CDPH on the performance
of the UV system, and prepared
Cost Summary Vendor A Vendor B Vendor C
all documents associated with
Capital Cost, $
the permitting process including
Equipment $713, 600 $805,100 $608,900
commissioning report, mercury
Structural/Mechanical $581,400 $542,000 $776,600
response plan, and UV system
Total Capital Cost, $ $1,295,000 $1,347,100 $1,385,500
operating strategy.
Annual O&M Cost, $/year
Power $24,400 $35,200 $10,500
Replacement $10,700 $19,500 $14,600
Labor $700 $600 $1,700
V:\CompanySOQs\UVDisinfection\Indd\02KeyAchieveUV.indd

Total Annual O&M Cost, $/year $35,800 $55,300 $26,800

Total O&M (w/patent), $/year $35,800 $55,300 $26,800
O&M NPV, $ $410,600 $634,300 $307,400
Total NPV of UV System $1,705,600 $1,981,400 $1,692,900

Carollo used an evaluated bid approach which included capital costs, life-cycle costs,
and non-monetary factors to help select the preferred UV system for the City of Tracy.

key achievements 17
Oklahoma City Water Utilities Trust, Oklahoma
Conceptual design of 150-mgd
large-scale UV system.
HIGHLIGHTS
Flow splitting weirs to control
flow split to UV reactors and
simplify system operation and
eliminate the need for valves and
flow-metering devices.
Life-cycle cost analysis and
preliminary layouts for medium-
pressure and LPHO systems.
Carollo performed a study to find the most cost-effective
alternative for expanding Oklahoma City's Draper Water
Treatment Plant to 150 mgd.
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Draper Water Treatment Plant UV Conceptual Design
Oklahoma City Water Utilities Trust commissioned Carollo to
perform a study to expand the treatment process at the Draper Water
Treatment Plant from 90 mgd to 150 mgd. Due to increased concerns
over Cryptosporidium and the production of chlorinated disinfection
by-products, Carollo evaluated the feasibility of a new 150-mgd UV
disinfection facility. This evaluation included establishing preliminary
UV design criteria; identifying implementation issues; evaluating
different equipment alternatives; presenting estimates for capital,
operation, and life-cycle costs; and providing recommendations for
UV system implementation.
A hydraulic audit of the Draper Water Treatment Plant indicated
significant available hydraulic driving force between the gravity filters
and the clearwells. As a result, Carollo proposed using flow splitting
weirs to control the flow to the UV reactors, thereby simplifying
system operation and eliminating the need for valves and flow
metering.
As part of the study, Carollo performed a life-cycle cost analysis for
both medium-pressure and low-pressure, high-output systems from
several different manufacturers, and developed preliminary layouts of
both systems. Carollo used its experience in the design, evaluation,
and implementation of both types of systems, as
well as manufacturers’ quotations for equipment,
the estimated life of consumables, the estimated
utility cost, and compliance with the draft USEPA
UV Disinfection Guidance Manual, as a basis
for the life-cycle cost analysis. Due to the high
key achievements
costs of power and the costs to expand electrical
capacity at the Draper plant, a LPHO UV system
presented the most cost-effective alternative.
18
 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, jacksonville, Florida
UV pilot study and engineering
analysis to evaluate potential
treatment options for
an ASR project that included
hundreds of wells.
HIGHLIGHTS
Basis of design criteria and
cost estimates for 1.5-bgd
treatment system.
UV and ozonation, in conjunction
with bank filtration.
Large UV and ozone cost synergies.
Cost-effective solution to
multi-barrier treatment alternative
for the challenging water of
Lake Okeechobee.
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Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Program
As part of the $8.4 billion Comprehensive Everglades Restoration
Program (CERP), the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the South
Florida Water Management District selected Carollo to perform
the first pilot testing and engineering analysis of water treatment
technologies on Lake Okeechobee. This pilot study provided the
basis for design and cost estimates for treatment systems with an
ultimate capacity of approximately 1.5 billion gallons per day (bgd).
The CERP presents a framework for Everglades restoration and
contains 68 specific components to restore more natural flows of
water and improve water quality in the South Florida ecosystem. The
plan will restore the habitat of threatened and endangered species
and improve fresh water supply in the region. This study evaluated
alternatives for treating Lake Okeechobee water prior to injection in
aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) wells.
Because of the high organic content of the Lake Okeechobee water,
the remote location, and issues with chemical supply and residuals
disposal, Carollo proposed an innovative approach using bank
filtration, ozonation, and UV disinfection. Carollo conducted a pilot
study to evaluate and optimize the proposed treatment process. The
study found that ozonation upstream of UV significantly increased
water UV transmittance, thereby reducing UV system costs. The
optimized process offered significant synergies in terms of cost and
reliability compared to using any one technology alone. Pilot study
results provided a basis for developing a full-scale conceptual design
with capital and O&M cost estimates.
Algae growth upstream and downstream of the medium-
pressure UV pilot reactor was an operational issue for the
Everglades pilot study. Algae growth is caused by visible light
emitted from the medium-pressure UV lamps.
key achievements 19
WATER Research Foundation
First funded research for UV
HIGHLIGHTS
disinfection of surface water.
First (and only) live Cryptosporidium
challenge of a flow-through low-
pressure, high-output UV system.
Carollo used the WEDECO Series
K for Cryptosporidium challenge
testing as part of the Water
Research Foundation Tailored
Collaboration Project, Practical
Aspects of UV Disinfection.
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Practical Aspects of UV Disinfection
Carollo completed the Water Research Foundation Tailored
Collaboration Project, Practical Aspects of UV Disinfection. This
project was funded through the Water Research Foundation Tailored
Collaboration program and was jointly sponsored by the North Shore
Water Commission, the Electric Power Research Institute, and the
Energy Center of Wisconsin. This was the first funded research
project in the U.S. to address the practical implementation issues
associated with applying UV disinfection to surface water supplies.
As part of this research, Carollo conducted one-year pilot studies on
four UV reactors:
!! Medium-pressure UV reactors provided by Calgon Carbon.
!! Low-pressure, high-output (LPHO) reactors provided by
WEDECO.
!! Low-pressure and LPHO reactors provided by Ideal Horizons.
Pilot studies involved collecting and analyzing water quality
data, monitoring UV reactor performance, and conducting MS2
challenge testing. Carollo conducted challenge studies using live
Cryptosporidium with the WEDECO system. Carollo analyzed all
data, including fouling, wiper performance, temperature impacts,
sensor performance, and power consumption. Results provided a basis
for cost estimates for full-scale implementation of UV disinfection.
key achievements
20
 WATER Research Foundation
HIGHLIGHTS
Most visible/competitive Water
Research Foundation RFP of 1999.
Largest funded UV disinfection
research project.
Expanded geographical coverage
and extensive microbial aspects.
Carollo has conducted long-term evaluations of
nine UV reactors for Water Research Foundation
projects on-site in Utah, including the Trojan
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Bridging Pilot-Scale Testing to Full-Scale Design of
UV Disinfection Systems
Carollo was the co-principal investigator on the research team
conducting the Water Research Foundation Project, Bridging Pilot-
Scale Testing to Full-Scale Design of UV Disinfection Systems. Involving
an internationally recognized team and a budget well over $1 million,
this project represented the most comprehensive evaluation of UV
disinfection for drinking water performed to date.
As part of this research, Carollo completed one-year pilot studies on
five UV reactors:
!! Medium-pressure (MP) reactors provided by Trojan Technologies.
!! Low-pressure, high-output reactors provided by WEDECO.
!! MP reactors provided by Calgon Carbon.
!! MP reactors provided by Aquionics.
Pilot studies involved collecting water quality data, conducting MS2
challenge tests, monitoring on-line sensors, assessing fouling and
cleaning, and evaluating aging, degradation, and failure of system
components. Carollo analyzed all data from these pilot studies and
used the results to develop UV design concepts for the Metropolitan
Water District of Salt Lake and Sandy’s 150-mgd Little Cottonwood
Water Treatment Plant and an 80-mgd water treatment facility for
Central Utah Water Conservancy District.
Swift reactor (above).
key achievements 21
WATER Research Foundation and the New York State Energy
Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA)
New validation test microbes and
UV absorbers optimize
UV validation.
UV sensor placement accounts for
HIGHLIGHTS
non-uniform lamp aging.
UV system simulation tools
optimize UV system design
and operation.
New approaches quantify off-spec
performance and public health
benefits with UV systems.
NaS battery systems provide
backup power and peak shaving.
The Water Research Foundation
Project, Optimization of UV
Disinfection, is the first research
project to evaluate the impact of
non-uniform lamp aging effects on
dose delivery and monitoring.
V:\CompanySOQs\UVDisinfection\Indd\02KeyAchievUV.indd
Optimization of UV Disinfection
Carollo is the Principal Investigator for the joint Water Research
Foundation and NYSERDA project Optimization of UV Disinfection.
This $600,000 project, co-sponsored by New York City, Tacoma, and
Phoenix, developed and demonstrated new tools and approaches for
validating, designing, and operating UV disinfection systems.
The project identified QB and T7 phage as better microbes for
validating UV reactors for Cryptosporidium and Giardia credit, and
SuperHumeÔ as a better UV absorber for validating medium-
pressure UV reactors. These new validation tools significantly reduce,
if not eliminate, the experimental uncertainty with UV validation
methods, thereby reducing the need to apply conservative safety
factors to UV system design and operation.
The project also evaluated the impacts of non-uniform lamp aging
on UV dose delivery and monitoring. UV dose models based
on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) identified UV sensor
placement within UV reactors that minimize over and under
dosing that can occur with non-uniform lamp aging. The study also
completed a 1-year of pilot testing of UV systems equipped with low-
pressure, high-output, and medium-pressure UV lamps at the John P.
Buckley Water Treatment Plant in Troy, New York. The pilot study
quantified the impacts of operational factors such as on/off cycling
and operating power level on the efficiency and performance of UV
lamps.
The project evaluated the cost benefits of using NaS batteries,
a new technology developed in Japan. NaS batteries can be
key achievements
charged at night when power costs are low and used to power
the UV system during the day when power costs are high,
thereby reducing the overall power costs associated with UV
system operation. They can also be used as a UPS system to
minimize UV system off-spec performance.
Last, the project developed the UV system optimization tool,
UVCAT. UVCAT simulates the day-to-day operation of a UV
system using the UV system’s validated dose monitoring and
control strategy and the utility’s flow and UV transmittance.
The tool predicts how many reactors and lamps are required over
time to deliver the required UV dose. The results can be used to
assess UV system sizing, redundancy, power consumption, dose
monitoring efficiency, off-spec performance, and public health
protection. By simulating UV system operation, UVCAT lets the user
evaluate and optimize UV system alternates before they are selected
and installed at the utility.
22
 WATER Research Foundation
International coalition of UV system
HIGHLIGHTS
manufacturers, utilities, regulators,
and standards organizations.
UV sensor guidance endorsed by
the UV system manufacturers.
New dose monitoring algorithms
determine UV dose distributions
from validation data.
The National Institute of Standards and
Technology's Spectral Comparator Facility is
used to calibrate all UV sensor measurement
standards for the United States. The Optical
Division of NIST worked with Carollo to develop
UV sensor guidelines.
CFD-based dose models evaluated the impact
of UV sensor properties on UV dose monitoring.
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Design and Performance Guidelines for UV Sensor
Systems
Carollo has recently completed a Water Research Foundation Project
entitled Design and Performance Guidelines for UV Sensor Systems.
This $580,000 project quantified the capabilities and limitations
of commercial UV sensors, evaluated the impacts of UV sensor
properties on dose monitoring, and developed guidelines for UV
sensors and dose monitoring with stakeholder buy-in. The project
team included the Veterinärmedizinische University in Vienna,
Austria, the National Institute of Standards and Technologies
(NIST) in Maryland, nine North American and nine European
utilities, and eight UV system and UV sensor manufacturers.
Field and laboratory studies showed significant variability with UV
sensor performance, especially with UV sensors used with medium-
pressure (MP) UV systems. In particular, the data analysis showed
that spectral and angular response criteria specified by current
guidance can be a significant cause of variability. UV sensor accuracy
can be significantly improved by controlling the angular orientation
of sensors within the sensor port, field calibration of duty sensors
using the average reading of three reference sensors, and calibrating
MP reference sensors using polychromatic light.
Using dose delivery models based on Computational Fluid Dynamics,
the team analyzed how UV sensors are used for UV dose monitoring.
New approaches were developed for analyzing UV validation data
obtained using MS2 phage that predict UV dose distributions. The
new approaches eliminate the need to apply a Reduction Equivalent
Dose (RED) bias uncertainty factor to the sizing and operation of UV
systems, thereby significantly reducing the capital and operating costs
of UV disinfection.
One-year field evaluations quantified UV system
performance at nine North American facilities.
key achievements 23
 WATER Research Foundation
Thirty participating utilities.
HIGHLIGHTS
On-site evaluations of nine installed
UV systems.
Answers the important questions
about UV system implementation
facing utilities, regulators, and
engineers.
The UV Disinfection Knowledge Base
Project is benchmarking the state-of-
the-art in drinking water disinfection in
V:\CompanySOQs\UVDisinfection\Indd\02KeyAchieveUV.indd
North America.
Development of a UV Disinfection Knowledge Base
UV disinfection has evolved considerably over the last 10 years in
terms of regulations, commercial technologies, design and operation,
and fundamental understanding. Thus, utilities, engineers, and
regulators see UV disinfection as an emerging technology and have
questions that include: How much lamp aging and fouling occurs?
Are UV systems properly sized? How reliable are UV systems? How
much do they cost in terms of capital and O&M? Is mercury release
an issue? How do they comply with guidance and regulations? What
are the lessons learned implementing UV disinfection?
To answer these questions, Water Research Foundation and 10
utilities across North America funded Water Research Foundation
Project 3117, Development of a UV Disinfection Knowledge Base.
This $720,000 project has collected and analyzed data on the design,
validation, performance, costs, and lessons learned from installed UV
systems across North America. Data is stored within a MS Access
database and can be evaluated using software tools specifically
designed to answer questions on the application of UV disinfection.
The project team has also conducted on-site evaluations of UV
system performance at nine UV installations representing the four
top UV vendors. Results from those evaluations are being used to
develop standard methods for evaluating and troubleshooting UV
system performance.
LEGEND
Severn Trent Services
Calgon Carbon Corporation Trojan Technologies, Inc.
Hanovia Ultra Dynamics
Ondeo Degremont WEDECO UV Technologies
key achievements 24
 The Carollo Research Group (CRG), founded in 1997, provides
research, process evaluation, and plant optimization services.
Early in the design process, CRG often performs testing to develop
design criteria for new treatment facilities. CRG also conducts
evaluations as part of our applied research projects that are funded
by associations such as the Water Research Foundation.

The adjacent map

presents locations
UV Validation Facility
North Shore Water Commission
across the United
Boise Neenah Water Utility
Central Lake County
States where
New York State Energy City of Troy

Mountain House Metropolitan Water District

City of Cudahy Research and Development Poughkeepsie
Authority (NYSERDA) New York City
Carollo has
City of Tracy Central Utah Water Orem
of Salt Lake and Sandy
Denver Water
conducted bench,
Conservancy District Cincinnati USEPA Washington Suburban
San Francisco PUC
City of St. George
Water Research Foundation Sanitary Commission
pilot and full-
East Bay Municipal Utility District
Big Bend Water District scale evaluations
Lake Havasu Oklahoma City of UV disinfection
City of Tempe Atlanta
Research
Clayton County for research, validation,
Full-Scale
Bench-Scale
design, and startup
Austin
Pilot-Scale projects. A description of
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers our UV-related capabilities is
provided below.

Desktop Evaluations
UVXPT - CFD-Based UV System Performance Modeling
Software
Carollo has developed UVXPT, a software package for modeling UV
system dose delivery. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) provides
a detailed description of microbe trajectories through UV reactors
that takes into account short-circuiting and eddy zones. Dose
delivery is calculated by integrating the UV intensity experienced
by the microbes over time as they follow the predicted trajectories
V:\CompanySOQs\UVDisinfection\Indd\03Test&OptCapUV.indd

through the UV reactor. UV intensity fields are modeled either for

monochromatic low-pressure or for polychromatic medium-pressure
UV lamps. UV intensity sensor measurements are also modeled to
allow simulation of a UV reactor’s dose monitoring system.

testing and optimization capabilities 25

 Carollo uses UVXPT in the design and implementation of UV
systems for drinking water, wastewater, and reclaimed wastewater
applications, including:

!! Optimizing UV reactor inlet/outlet and baffle design for enhanced

dose delivery and reduced headloss.
!! Scaling validation data as a function of flow rate, water UV
transmittance, and reactor size.
!! Comparing hydraulic conditions obtained with an installation to
those conditions used with validation.
!! Validating UV reactor designs.
uvcat-uv system performance and cost
analysis software
Carollo developed the UV simulation tool, UVCAT, to provide
comprehensive evaluations of UV system performance and costs with
UVXPT compared validation and installation
drinking water and wastewater applications. UVCAT was developed
hydraulics to support regulatory approval for
in 2004 for the Water Research Foundation-NYSERDA project
East Bay MUD.
entitled Optimization of UV Disinfection and has since been enhanced
to provide simulations of emerging pathogen inactivation, advanced
oxidation using UV light and hydrogen peroxide, and UV system
cost-benefit modeling based on the USEPA’s risk model.

UV Disinfection. UVCAT provides simulations of UV system

operation as a function of time using the UV system’s validated dose

Client UV Reactors Application of CFD and UVXPT

USEPA, DC Hanovia Cross Flow Evaluate and develop recommendations for the
Hanovia PMD RED bias, polychromatic bias, and inlet piping for
WEDECO K143 6/12 the USEPA UV Disinfection Guidance Manual.
Greater Cincinnati Water All vendors Developed inlet structures to optimize flow split

testing and optimization capabilities

Works, OH and inlet velocity profiles upstream of the UV
reactors.
New York City, NY WEDECO K143 Evaluate UV intensity fields and UV sensor
readings as part of the peer review for the CFD
modeling of UV reactors for New York City.
Washington Suburban Calgon 36" Sentinel Evaluate impact of filter gallery inlet piping
Sanitation Community, MD Trojan 24" UVSwift alternatives on UV reactor performance.
City of Tempe, TX WEDECO K143 8/12 Compare validation and installation hydraulics
and dose delivery for State approval.
East Bay MUD, CA Aquionics (Berson) Compare validation and installation hydraulics
and dose delivery for State approval.
Water Research Trojan 24" UVSwift Results used to assess dose delivery and
Foundation, CO WEDECO K 6/12 monitoring as part of Water Research Foundation
Hanovia PMD project Design and Performance Guidelines for UV
Sensor Systems.
Water Research Trojan 30" UVSwift UV dose delivery and sensor readings predictions
Foundation, CO Calgon 12" Sentinel compared to validation data for the Water
IDI 20" In-line Research Foundation project Evaluation of
Computational Fluid Dynamics as a Cost-Effective
Tool for Assessing UV System Performance.

V:\CompanySOQs\UVDisinfection\Indd\03Test&OptCapUV.indd
26
 0.04 monitoring and control algorithm. Typically, several years of daily
or even hourly flow and UVT data is used as inputs to evaluate the
UV Absorbance (cm )
-1
0.03
impact of seasonal and year-to-year changes in water quality on UV
0.02
system sizing, dose delivery, redundancy, and power consumption.
0.01 UVCAT quantifies the inactivation of regulated and emerging
pathogens, which can be used to justify UV system sizing and
0
S-96 S-97 S-98 S-99 S-00 S-01 S-02 S-03 S-04 S-05 S-06 expandability. UV system O&M costs are determined by integrating
Date
power consumption and component replacement, accounting for
UVCAT used 10 years of flow and UVT data to lamp aging and sleeve fouling expected with the application. Power
evaluate UV system sizing, operation and life
quality data measured at the water treatment plant can also be
cycle costs for Greater Cincinnati Water Works’
used to quantify and evaluate the impact of UV system off-spec
240-mgd Richard Miller Treatment Plant
performance on public health protection and identify the need for
backup power.

UVCAT software lets utilities Advanced Oxidation. Many utilities implementing UV disinfection
are also exploring using UV light with hydrogen peroxide for the
“test drive” proposed UV system
advanced oxidation of taste and odor (T&O) compounds and
alternates before they are selected micropollutants such as pesticides and endocrine disruptors. While
the sizing and operation of UV disinfection systems are well defined
and installed into the ground.
by dose monitoring algorithms developed through full-scale UV
validation testing, the design and operation of advanced oxidation
systems using UV light and hydrogen peroxide currently rely on
proprietary algorithms defined by UV vendors. Electrical energy per
order (EEO), defined in units of kWh per 1000 US gallons per log
removal, has been proposed as a figure of merit that can be used
to size UV peroxide systems. However, EEO values are site specific
because they depend on the UVT and concentration of hydroxyl
scavenger species in the water (e.g., TOC, alkalinity), and equipment
specific because they depend on the dose distribution delivered by
the reactor and the electrical-to-UV energy conversion efficiency of
the lamp and ballast.

To provide utilities a better cost justification for selecting advanced

oxidation, Carollo modified UVCAT to simulate continuous
and seasonal application of UV/peroxide. UVCAT uses a kinetic

Client Application of UVCAT

Greater Cincinnati Water
Works, OH
Washington Suburban
V:\CompanySOQs\UVDisinfection\Indd\03Test&OptCapUV.indd
UVCAT was used to provide a cost-benefit analysis of UV sizing for 2-, 3-, and 4-log
Cryptosporidium credit. UVCAT compared dose delivery, redundancy, emerging
pathogen inactivation, O&M costs of 6, 8, 10 and 12 train UV system alternatives
from three UV vendors. UVCAT also evaluated seasonal and continuous application
of UV/peroxide for the reduction of MIB, geosmin, atrazine, and ethynylestradiol.
UVCAT evaluated O&M costs for Calgon and Trojan UV systems identifying the

Sanitation Community, MD need for enhanced UV system turndown to provide optimum O&M costs. UVCAT
analysis also evaluated and ranked UV system alternatives during procurement.
Denver Water, CO UVCAT evaluated combined filter effluent and filter gallery UV system alternatives
from four UV vendors at three large-scale WTPs.
City of Tempe, AZ UVCAT quantified public health and cost benefits of UV system re-validation using
T1 phage.

testing and optimization capabilities 27

 approach for simulating UV/peroxide that uses UV dose as opposed
to EEO and accounts for the seasonal impacts of radical scavenger
species such as alkalinity and TOC. Life-cycle costs are estimated
by integrating UV system power consumption, UV component
replacement, and peroxide and quenching agent consumption over
time, and can be minimized by optimizing the UV and peroxide
dosing for the utility’s water quality profile.
4
100
3.5 UV Influent
UV Effluent

Microsporidia Log Kill

3 80

MIB (ng/L)
2.5
60
2
40
1.5
1 20
0.5
0
0 J-04 J-04 J-05 J-05 J-06 J-06 J-07
D-03 D-04 D-05 D-06 Date
Date

Greater Cincinnati Water Works used UVCAT to evaluate UV system expandability for emerging
pathogen inactivation (top right) and seasonal advanced oxidation of T&O compounds (top left).

Bench- and pilot-Scale Testing

Carollo supports UV process evaluations, predesign studies, and
applied research activities using bench- and pilot-scale equipment
that includes a UV collimated beam apparatus, optics bench, custom
UV reactors, and specialized optical and electronic instrumentation.
Carollo also works with UV system suppliers to provide pilot-scale
evaluations of commercial UV systems for disinfection and advanced
oxidation applications.

Collimated Beam Apparatus

Carollo’s collimated beam apparatus provides rapid and accurate
determination of microbial and contaminant UV dose-response.
Carollo's collimated beam The collimated beam apparatus can be equipped with either a

testing and optimization capabilities

apparatus provides the low- or medium-pressure mercury lamp to assess the impact of
following benefits: monochromatic light (i.e., UV at 254 nm) or polychromatic light
!! Offers portability, (i.e., UV from 200 to 300 nm). Small sample volumes (between 25
which allows on-site and 100 mL) are placed under the collimating tube and exposed to
investigations. UV light for a controlled period of time. The UV intensity incident
on the samples is accurately measured using an International Light
!! Allows for small sample radiometer with a NIST traceable calibration. UV transmittance of
volumes, which provide the sample is measured using a spectrophotometer. UV dose delivered
the flexibility to conduct to the sample is calculated using the measured intensity, exposure
long-term performance time, and UV transmittance. UV dose-response curves are obtained
verification studies. by plotting microbial inactivation or the photochemical response as a
!! Allows cost-effective function of dose.
assessment of UV Applications of the collimated beam apparatus include:
disinfection compared to
pilot studies. !! Determining the UV dose response of indicator microbes for UV
system sizing.

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28

Carollo's Optics Bench quantified internal
sleeve fouling with Poughkeepsie, New York's
UV system.
V:\CompanySOQs\UVDisinfection\Indd\03Test&OptCapUV.indd
!! Determining the UV dose-response of heterotrophs in
biologically-active filter effluents.
!! Developing inactivation data for species of algae such as chlorella.
!! Evaluating the impact of water quality on microbial UV dose-
response.
!! Evaluating the advanced oxidation of T&O compounds or
micropollutants using UV light and hydrogen peroxide.
!! Quantifying the formation of DBP such as nitrates and aldehydes
with medium-pressure UV systems.
Optics Bench
As part of our Water Research Foundation Project Design and
Performance Guidelines for UV Sensor Systems, Carollo developed
a UV Optics Bench for the evaluation of UV lamp output, quartz
sleeve and UV sensor window UV transmittance, and UV sensor
measurement properties.
Similar to the collimated beam apparatus, the Optics Bench
uses either a low- or medium-pressure UV lamp to produce
monochromatic or polychromatic light. Apertures and filters control
the UV intensity, spectra, and beam width of the light emitted from
the UV source. UV light from the lamp is quantified using a research
grade International Light radiometer with NIST-traceable calibration.
The Optics Bench was used to quantify sleeve an UV sensor port
window fouling at nine installed UV systems for the Water Research
Foundation Project Development of a UV Disinfection Knowledge Base,
used to quantify UV sensor measurements properties for the Water
Research Foundation Project Design and Performance Guidelines for
UV Sensor Systems, and quantify UV reactor fouling with LP and MP
pilot reactors for the City of San Francisco’s Hetch Hetchy water
supply.
Custom UV Reactors
Carollo has developed custom UV reactors that can be fitted with
different types of UV lamps, quartz sleeves, and UV sensors. The
UV reactors can be configured to evaluate lamp aging, fouling,
microbial disinfection, and advanced oxidation using UV light
and hydrogen peroxide. As an example, the reactors were recently
used by San Francisco PUC to compare lamp sleeve and UV sensor
window fouling with LPHO, amalgam, and MP lamp types. Because
the reactors are customized for the application, they provide cost
effective evaluations of different UV system component technologies
with minimal footprint and setup time.
testing and optimization capabilities 29
 Full-Scale Testing
Portland, OR, UV Validation Facility
The USEPA requires that UV systems undergo performance
validation testing in order to receive inactivation credit. Recognizing
the need for a large UV validation facility in the U.S., Carollo
developed and commissioned the Portland UV Validation Facility
in 2003. The facility has since validated over 30 commercial UV
technologies at flows up to 40 mgd, all in accordance with the
USEPA UV Disinfection Guidance Manual. A more
comprehensive description of the test facility and Carollo’s
responsibilities is provided in the Key Achievements
section of this Statement of Qualifications.

On-Site Validation
Although the Portland UV Validation Facility is designed
and equipped to test UV reactors under a wide range of
hydraulic configurations and UV transmittance ranges,
there are circumstances that may require a reactor to
be validated on-site at the utility, such as site-specific
piping and special water quality characteristics. In
Carollo provides comprehensive on-site evaluations of installed
those instances, Carollo has the necessary expertise and
UV systems.
equipment to perform UV reactor validations on location.
As an example, Carollo conducted the on-site validation of the
206-mgd Calgon Sentinel UV system installed at the City of
Winnipeg, Manitoba’s Deacon Pump station.

UV System Commissioning and Troubleshooting

UV systems contain a vast array of complex components that may
not always operate correctly or that may have difficulty in meeting
the vendor’s claims. A few of the parameters that could be out of line

testing and optimization capabilities

with expectations include:

!! Lamp output.
!! Quartz sleeves transmittance.
!! UV sensor accuracy and drift.
!! Fouling rates.
!! Cleaning mechanism effectiveness.
!! Power consumption.
!! Dose monitoring and control.
Carollo’s UV experts have many years of experience assessing
UV system performance at locations across North America. This
expertise comes not only from our current full-scale projects, but also
from our numerous research projects, which cover such topics as:

V:\CompanySOQs\UVDisinfection\Indd\03Test&OptCapUV.indd
30
 !! Field verification of UV reactor dose monitoring and control
algorithms.
!! Field verification of UV sensor and UVT monitor performance.
!! Quantification of lamp aging and fouling.
!! Optimization of UV system performance and O&M costs.
!! UV system troubleshooting and operator training.
!! Reporting and regulatory approval.
!! Development of mercury response plans.
Carollo’s combined expertise in UV research, regulations, validation,
design, and startup uniquely qualifies us for assisting utilities identify
and resolve operations, maintenance, and design issues with their UV
systems. The project descriptions in the Key Achievements section
of this Statement of Qualifications provides further details on those
services.
V:\CompanySOQs\UVDisinfection\Indd\03Test&OptCapUV.indd

testing and optimization capabilities 31

 Name/Education/
Representative Experience Expertise
Years of Experience
Harold Wright, P.Eng • Directly responsible for preparing the USEPA UV Disinfection Guidance Manual • UV Disinfection
Research Engineer chapters on UV fundamentals, UV reactor validation, and UV reactor pilot- and • Disinfection
demonstration-scale testing. Systems
BS Engineering Physics, • Principal or Co-Principal Investigator for the following Water Research Foundation • Water Quality
Diploma Environmental projects: Evaluations
Studies, MS Environmental u Evaluation of CFD as a Cost-Effective Tool for Assessing UV System
Engineering
Performance ($500,000).
19 Years of Experience u Visualization and Quantification of UV Dose and Mixing in UV Reactors by 3D
Laser-Induced Fluorescence ($257,000).
u Development of a UV Disinfection Knowledge Base ($713,000).
u Design and Performance Guidelines for UV Sensor Systems ($578,000).
u Optimization of UV Disinfection ($580,000).
• Founder and Technical Leader of Carollo’s Portland UV Disinfection Validation
Facility. Designed the test train, obtained discharge permits, developed test
protocols, planned and conducted tests, analyzed data, developed dose
monitoring algorithms, and prepared reports. Facility has successfully validated
32 commercial UV reactors, including 6 of flows up to 40 mgd.
• UV expert for the following UV system designs: Cincinnati, Ohio - 240 mgd; Point
of the Mountain, Utah - 150 mgd; Washington Suburban Sanitation Community,
Maryland - 120 mgd; Tempe, Arizona - 50 and 80 mgd; Mountain House
Community Services District, California - 5 and 20 mgd; Neenah Water Utility,
Wisconsin - 18 mgd; and East Bay Municipal Utility District, California -
8 mgd.
• Developed Carollo’s UVXPT software, CFD-based dose and UV intensity modeling
software for quantifying the impact of upstream and downstream hydraulics
on UV reactor performance. Used UVXPT to assess UV system performance
for USEPA, Greater Cincinnati Water Works, Washington Suburban Sanitation
Community, City of Tempe, Walnut Creek, and four Water Research Foundation
projects.
• Developed Carollo’s UVCAT expert software for analyzing and optimizing water
and wastewater UV applications. Used UVCAT to assess UV system performance
and costs for Greater Cincinnati Water Works, Denver Water, Washington
Suburban Sanitary Commission, City of Tempe, City of Neenah, City of Tracy, and
the Metropolitan Water District of Salt Lake and Sandy.
• Considerable hands-on experience verifying UV system and component
performance in drinking water and wastewater applications:
u Developed instrumentation and conducted on-site evaluations of nine installed
large-scale UV systems for Water Research Foundation Project 3117,
Development of a UV Disinfection Knowledge Base.
Developed testing protocols and evaluated the long-term performance of
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UV sensor and dose monitoring at eight UV installations for Water Research

Foundation Project 2977, Design and Performance Guidelines for UV Sensor
Systems.
u Developed test protocols and evaluated lamp aging data for the Water
Research Foundation/NYSERDA Project Optimization of UV Disinfection.
Provided expert review on Trojan and WEDECO lamp aging data.

core team and publications 32

 Name/Education/
Representative Experience Expertise
Years of Experience
Erin Mackey, Ph.D., P.E. • Project manager for the development and construction of a UV Disinfection • UV Disinfection
Research Engineer Validation Facility at the City of Portland, Oregon. This project involved the • Disinfection
establishment of a UV validation facility with a capacity to test UV disinfection Systems
BS Environmental unit performance at flows of 1 to 30 mgd.
• Public Perception
Engineering, MS • Technical expert for the implementation of UV disinfection as part of the of Water
Environmental Science expansion and modifications to the Neenah Water Treatment Plant, Wisconsin.
and Engineering, PhD • Membrane
The purpose of the master plan is to identify improvements required to increase
Environmental Science and Filtration Quality
capacity to 18 mgd, replace old and deficient facilities, and improve process
Engineering performance. • Taste Testing
• An author of the UV reactor validation protocol, UV design chapter, pilot/
9 Years of Experience
demonstration scale testing, and predesign report appendices of the USEPA UV
Disinfection Guidance Manual. The guidance document will be the basis for the
development of reactor validation data to ensure UV dose delivery for adequate
pathogen inactivation and regulatory compliance, as well as UV designs and
operating protocols.
• Project engineer for Water Research Foundation Project 2593, Inactivation of
Pathogens with Innovative UV Technologies. This project represents the most
extensive and rigorous evaluation of UV disinfection for drinking water supplies
to date. Work involved managing long-term piloting at two water utilities
(Central Utah Water Conservancy District and the City of Austin), monitoring
water quality and UV performance for many different units over 12 months. Also
involved development of preliminary UV installation designs and cost estimates
for the Metropolitan Water District of Salt Lake and Sandy, Utah, and the
Central Utah Water Conservancy District, and the development of guidelines for
comparison of different UV processes.
• Project engineer for a joint Water Research Foundation, Electric Power Research
Institute, and Energy Center of Wisconsin proof of concept UV study, Practical
Aspects of UV Disinfection. This project addressed the long-term performance
and feasibility of UV disinfection systems. Pilot tested four UV disinfection
systems at the North Shore Water Commission and Cudahy Water Utility in
the Milwaukee, Wisconsin, area and at the Neenah Water Utility in Neenah,
Wisconsin. This study is one of the first long-term UV performance studies in the
U.S.
• Principal investigator for the Water Research Foundation Tailored Collaboration
Project, Optimization of UV Disinfection. This project developed improved
approaches for validating UV disinfection systems for drinking water
applications.
Bryant Bench, P.E. • Technical advisor for the upgrade to Water Treatment Plant No. 3 for the Weber • Water Treatment
Associate Basin Water Conservancy District, Layton, Utah. This project, which increases Plant Design
plant capacity to 46 mgd, includes the design of a conventional granular media • Master Planning
BS Civil and Environmental filtration complex, ozone disinfection using side stream injection, and UV
• Construction
Engineering, MS Civil and disinfection.
Management
Environmental Engineering • Project manager for the predesign and design of the 150-mgd Point of the
• Process
Mountain Water Treatment Plant for the Metropolitan Water District of Salt
28 Years of Experience Engineering
Lake and Sandy, Utah. The plant will include pre- and intermediate ozonation,
biologically active filtration, and UV disinfection.
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core team and publications 33

 Name/Education/
Years of Experience
David Gaithuma, E.I.T.
Project Engineer
BSC Environment and
Resource Economics,
MS Environmental
Engineering
4 Years of Experience
Representative Experience Expertise
• Evaluated the application of UV disinfection for MWRA/Water Research • UV Disinfection
Foundation UV-ozone pilot at the Wachusett Reservoir and conducted a 1-year UV • UV Validation
pilot study at the Quabbin Reservoir. Evaluated UV/ozone synergies and effects of
• Pilot and Demo
seasonal water quality and chlorine pretreatment on UV disinfection performance.
Studies
• Lead engineer for the validation of over ten large-scale UV reactors with flows
• Field Evaluations
up to 43 mgd at the Portland UV Disinfection Validation Facility. Prepared test
protocols, handled all logistics and communication with the City and the UV
vendor, conducted all onsite testing including reactor inspection, UV sensors
checks, headloss and power measurements, and biodosimetry. Analyzed all data
and prepared all reports.
• Prepared test protocols, organized logistics, analyzed data, and prepared the
validation report for the on-site UV validation conducted for the City of Winnipeg,
Manitoba.
• UV system process design engineer for Greater Cincinnati Water Works
(240 mgd) and the Washington Suburban Sanitation Community (120 mgd). Used
UVCAT software to evaluate and optimize the performance of LPHO and MP UV
system alternatives and evaluate O&M and life-cycle costs.
• Project engineer for the pre-design, and design of the High Desert Power Project
(HDPP) Aquifer Banking System 3-mgd UV treatment system in Victorville,
California.
• Project engineer on a UV preliminary design for the City of Oceanside, California
(75 mgd), and the UV designs for the Mountain House Community Services
District (20 mgd), and the Kern County Water Agency (KCWA), California
(72 mgd). Identified design criteria, assessed UV system location alternatives,
evaluated UV systems proposed by UV vendors, using UVCAT to estimated
capital, O&M, and life cycle costs, and prepared the design reports.
• Project engineer for UV system commissioning (start-up) and operator training at
the following installations: Neenah, Wisconsin; Tempe, Arizona; Tracy, California;
Mountain House, California; East Bay Municipal Utilities District, Walnut Creek,
California; and Salt Lake City, Utah.
• Project engineer for the following Water Research Foundation and NYSERDA
Projects:
u Development of a UV Disinfection Knowledge Base. Collected and analyzed
data on UV system design, performance, and costs.
u Design and Performance Guidelines for UV Sensor Systems. Evaluated data
from a 1-year study on the performance of five installed UV disinfection
systems.

core team and publications

u Optimization of UV Disinfection. Provided oversight and resolved issues with
four UV pilot reactors installed at the Troy Water Treatment Facility, New York.
Analyzed lamp aging data and fouling data. Conducted a survey of UV system
reliability.
Vincent Hart, P.E. • Project engineer for the conceptual design of a 150-mgd UV facility for the • Water Treatment
Project Engineer Oklahoma City Draper Water Treatment Plant. The project included a life-cycle Plant Design
cost analysis of both medium-pressure and low-pressure, high-output UV • UV Design
BS Environmental systems from several manufacturers.
• Membrane
Engineering, • Project manager/process engineer for the City of Thornton, Colorado, UV Treatment
MS Environmental disinfection project. This project includes a 30-mgd UV installation at the
Engineering Columbine Water Treatment Plant and a 20-mgd of UV installation at the
Thornton Water Treatment Plant.
14 Years of Experience
• Project engineer for the expansion of the Evanston, Wyoming, Water Treatment
Plant from 8 mgd to 18 mgd. The project included an 18-mgd UV disinfection
system. The installation of this equipment prevented Evanston from building a
new clearwell that, due the site constraints, would have been a considerable
expense. The UV disinfection installation was the first drinking water UV
installation in the state of Wyoming.

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34
 Name/Education/
Representative Experience Expertise
Years of Experience
Mark Heath, E.I.T. • Manager and lead validation engineer for the Portland UV Disinfection Validation • UV and Chemical
Project Engineer Facility. Responsible for the validation of 11 UV reactor product lines. Analyzed Disinfection
validation data and prepared reports for the Trojan D30 reactor. Responsible for • Pilot Studies
BS Industrial Engineering, test facility upgrades to 60 mgd.
• Water Quality
MS Environmental • Project engineer for Water Research Foundation Project 3117, Development of Evaluations
Engineering a UV Knowledge Base. Conducted 9 evaluations of installed UV systems across
North America. Analyzed field data and prepared Water Research Foundation
18 Years of Experience periodic reports.
• Project engineer for Water Research Foundation Project 2977, Design and
Performance Guidelines for UV Sensor Systems. Developed instrumentation for
assessing the optical properties of UV sensors, quartz sleeves, and sensor port
windows.
• Project engineer for the San Francisco PUC UV fouling study. Developed UV
reactors, conducted field evaluations, and analyzed data and prepared reports for
a 6-month study that showed significant fouling with San Francisco’s
315-mgd Hetch Hetchy supply.
• Project manager/engineer on a 2-year, $450,000 project comparing the low and
medium pressure UV disinfection for the inactivation of Giardia, Cryptosporidium
and MS2 bacteriophage in filtered and unfiltered drinking water supplies. This
study was conducted with the Portland Bureau of Water Works, Seattle Water
Department, the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, and the Oregon
Health Sciences University.
• Project engineer on 2-year laboratory study to evaluate ozonation and
chloramination for Giardia and virus inactivation for the Portland Bureau of Water
Works.
• Project manager/engineer for Water Research Foundation Project 375, Evaluation
of Cryptosporidium Inactivation in Natural Waters. This 3-year, $1.5-million
project evaluated the efficacy of various disinfectants on Cryptosporidium
inactivation in drinking water supplies from 14 utilities around the United States
and Europe.
• Project manager/engineer on a 6-month $300,000 project for the City of
Escondido, California, to commission a 9 million-gpd water reclamation facility.
Conducted extensive full-scale testing of a low-pressure UV system for final
disinfection of tertiary wastewater effluent to meet California Title 22 regulations.
• Project engineer and project manager Water Environment Research Foundation
project comparing the efficacy and economic feasibility of UV radiation and
chlorination/dechlorination for unfiltered secondary wastewater.
• Project engineer on bench- and pilot-scale evaluations of UV radiation for
disinfection of unfiltered secondary effluent for the Central Contra Costa Sanitary
District, California.
Vincent Roquebert, P. E. • Assistant project engineer for Weber Basin Water Conservancy District Water • Water Treatment
Project Engineer Treatment Plant No. 3 expansion project. Responsible for the specification of the Plant Design
46-mgd UV disinfection system and the review of the submittal associated with • UV Processes
BS Mechanical Engineering the low-pressure high-output UV disinfection system.
• Membrane
MS Industrial Fluid • Project engineer for the East Bay Municipal Utility District, Walnut Creek, Processes
Mechanics California, Water Treatment Plant improvement project. The existing facility used
a 160-mgd direct filtration process. Responsible for the design of the recovery,
21 Years of Experience flocculation, sedimentation, and medium-pressure UV disinfection system
implemented to disinfect 8 mgd of waste washwater return stream.
• UV system design manager for the Patuxent Water Filtration Plant Expansion
project, Laurel, Maryland. The project includes preliminary and final design
services to increase the emergency capacity of the plant from 80 to 120 mgd.
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A new UV disinfection system will be designed for the 120-mgd plant.

core team and publications 35

 Name/Education/
Years of Experience
Jason Anderson, P.E.
Associate
BS Civil Engineering, MS
Environmental Engineering
12 Years of Experience
Robert Cushing, Ph.D., P.E. • Project manager for Carollo’s development of design guidelines and UV reactor
Partner
BA Petroleum Engineering,
MS Civil Engineering,
Ph.D. Civil Engineering
18 Years of Experience
V:\CompanySOQs\UVDisinfection\Indd\04CoreTeamUV.indd
Representative Experience Expertise
• Project engineer and assistant project manager for the North Reservoir Filtration • UV Disinfection
Plant improvements project for the City of Flagstaff, Arizona. This project • Chemical Feed
involved the selection and design of a UV disinfection system for potable water Systems
for pathogen inactivation on one of Flagstaff's surface water supplies. Currently
• Reservoir
on-line, this is one of the first water treatment plants in the West to use UV
Rehabilitation
disinfection.
• Co-author of the USEPA UV Disinfection Guidance Manual’s chapter on UV
system design. Developed sections on systems layout, retrofitting water
treatment plants, equipment selection, specifications, and bid selection.
• Design engineer for the City of Phoenix, Arizona, Cave Creek Water Reclamation
Plant. Responsibilities included master planning, conceptual design, effluent
management strategies, final design of UV disinfection and odor control systems,
and development of the plant’s O&M manual.
• Prepared a predesign report on UV disinfection for the 150-mgd Lake Draper
Water Treatment Plant for Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
• UV Disinfection
testing protocols for the USEPA UV Disinfection Guidance Manual. • Flocculation/
• Co-principal investigator for Water Research Foundation Project 2593, Clarification/
Inactivation of Pathogens with Innovative UV Technologies. Filtration
• Project manager for the Water Research Foundation Tailored Collaboration • Advanced
Project 2623, Practical Aspects of UV Disinfection. Oxidation
• Technical expert for the design and implementation of UV disinfection for the Processes
Seattle Public Utilities Cedar Water Treatment Plant design/build/operate project. • Adsorption
• Technical director for the Flagstaff, Arizona, UV Disinfection Design Project. This • Distribution
project involved design and procurement of a medium-pressure UV system to System Water
provide disinfection for a surface water supply. This is the first application of UV Quality
disinfection in Arizona and one of the first in the country. • Project
• Responsible for UV disinfection related elements in the upgrade of the three Management
Santa Clara Valley Water District water treatment plants with ultimate capacities
of 40 mgd, 100 mgd, and 120 mgd. Developed basis of design criteria and
addressed design considerations including hydraulics, layout, and electrical
aspects for both low-pressure high-output and medium-pressure systems.
• Responsible for UV disinfection related elements of the East Bay Municipal
Utility District's Walnut Creek, California, Water Treatment Plant Expansion.
This project included predesign of UV disinfection for filtered plant production
water as an additional primary disinfection barrier. Designed UV disinfection for
conventionally treated filter backwash water to meet California Department of
Health Services requirements for in-plant recycle.
• Responsible for pilot testing and engineering analysis of water treatment
technologies on Lake Okeechobee as part of the $8.4-billion Comprehensive
Everglades Restoration Program (CERP). The selected treatment train consisted
of bank filtration, ozonation, and UV disinfection.
core team and publications 36
 Name/Education/
Representative Experience Expertise
Years of Experience
Ed Wicklein, P. E. • Project engineer for Water Research Foundation Project 4107, Evaluation of • Hydraulics
Project Engineer Computational Fluid Dynamics as a Cost-Effective Tool for Assessing UV System • CFD Modeling
Performance. Developed CFD models for Trojan, Calgon and IDI drinking water UV
• UV Disinfection
BS Civil Engineering, reactors and compared model predictions to data measured during UV validation.
MS Civil Engineering/ • Developed CFD models to evaluate the impact of design changes on UV
Hydraulics disinfection system performance for the Dry Creek WWTP.
• Project engineer for the 240-mgd UV design for Cincinnati’s Richard Miller
10 Years of Experience
Treatment Plant. Developed CFD models to evaluate and optimize the flowsplit
between UV reactor trains.
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core team and publications 37

 SELECT UV DISINFECTION PUBLICATIONS - PEER REVIEWED
1 Fallon, K.S., Hargy, T.M., Mackey, E.D., Wright, H.B., and Clancy, J. “Development and
Characterization of Nonpathogenic Surrogates for UV Reactor Validation.” Journal of the American
Water Works Association, 99:3:73-82. 2007.
2 Wright, H., Mackey, E.D., Gaithuma, D., Fonseca, C., Baumberger, L., Dzurny, T., Clancy, J., Hargy,
T., Fallon, K., Cabaj, A., Schmalweiser, A., Bierman, A., and Gribbin, C. “Optimization of UV
Disinfection.” Drinking Water Research, September/October 2007.
3 Anderson, J.E., Eaton, C., and Wright, H.B. “UV Equipment Procurement and Bid Document
Preparation.” IUVA News, pp 19-25, September 2006.
4 Wright, H., Gaithuma, D., Aieta, M., and Greene, D. “Integration of Validation, Design, and Operation
Provides Optimal Implementation of UV disinfection.” Journal of the AWWA, 98:10:81-92. 2006.
5 Bolton, J., Wright, H., and Rokjer, D. “Using a Mathematical Fluence Rate Model to Estimate the
Sensor Readings in a Multi-Lamp Ultraviolet Reactor.” Journal of Environmental Engineering and
Science, 4: S27-S31. 2005.
6 Mackey, E.D., Wright, H.B., Cushing, R.S., and Crozes, G.F. “The Draft UV Disinfection Manual.”
USEPA 2004.
7 Mackey, E.D., Cushing, R., Janex-Habibi, M-L., Picard, N., Laine, J-M., and Malley Jr., J. “Bridging
Pilot-Scale testing to Full-Scale Design of UV Disinfection Systems.” Water Research Foundation,
Denver, CO. 2004.
8 Bolton, J.R., Wright, H.B., and Rokjer, D. “Using a Mathematical Fluence Rate Model to Estimate the
Sensor Readings in a Multi-Lamp UV Reactor.” Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science.
2004.
9 Wright, H., and Greene.D. “Comparison of Safety Factor Approaches for UV and Chemical
Disinfection.” IUVA News, 5(4)17-18. 2003.
10 Scheible, K., Wright, H., Cabaj, A., and Hoyer, O. “Validation Facilities for Drinking Water UV
Systems.” IUVA News, 5(4)24-28. 2003.
11 Mackey, E.D., Cushing, R.S., and Crozes, G.F. “Practical Aspects of UV Disinfection.” Water Research
Foundation and American Water Works Association, 12:1, ISBN 1-583211748. 2002.
12 Mackey, E.D., Hargy, T.M., Wright, H.B., Malley, J. Jr., and Cushing, R.S. “Comparing Cryptosporidium

core team and publications

and MS-2 Bioassays: Implications for UV Reactor Validation.” Journal of the American Water Works
Association, 94:2:62-69. 2002.
13 Mofidi, A.A., Baribeau, H., Rochelle, P.A., De Leon, R., Coffey, B.M., and Green J.F. “Disinfection of
c. parvum with Polychromatic UV Light.” Journal of the American Water Works Association. 93:6:95-
109. 2001.
14 Giese, N.L. and Darby, J. “Sensitivity of Microorganisms to Different Wavelengths of UV Light:
Implications on Modeling of Medium-Pressure UV systems.” Water Research, Vol. 34, No. 6. 4007-
4013. 2001.
15 Wright, H.B. “Comparison and Validation of UV Dose Calculations for Low- and Medium-Pressure
MercuryArc Lamps.” Water Environment Research. July/August. 2000.
16 Wright, H.B. “Dose Requirements for UV Disinfection.” International Ultraviolet Association News,
Volume 2. 2000.
17 Wright, H.B. “UV Disinfection: A New Paradigm Unfolds for Drinking Water Treatment.” Water
Conditioning & Purification. October 1999.

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38
 SELECT UV DISINFECTION PUBLICATION/PRESENTATIONS - OTHER
1 Wright, H.B., D. Gaithuma., Dzurny, T., Schulz, C., McCurdy, K., and Bogan, T. “Design and
Performance Guidelines for UV Intensity Sensors.” Paper presented at the AWWA Annual Conference
and Exposition, Atlanta, GA, June 8-12, 2008.
2 Wright, H., Aieta, M., Greene, D., Schulz, C., Opferman, D., Fleming J., and Kashinkunti, R.
“Challenges and Solutions Implementing UV Disinfection at Greater Cincinnati Water Work’s 220
mgd Richard Miller Treatment Plant.” Proceedings of the AWWA Annual Conference and Exposition,
Toronto, ON, Canada, June 24-27, 2007.
3 Wright, H., Aieta, M., Greene, D., Schulz, C., Opferman, D., Fleming J., and Kashinkunti, R.
“Challenges and Solutions Implementing UV Disinfection at Greater Cincinnati Water Work’s 220
mgd Richard Miller Treatment Plant.” Proceedings of the AWWA Annual Conference and Exposition,
Toronto, ON, Canada, June 24-27, 2007.
4 Wright, H., Gaithuma, D., Heath, M., Schulz, C., Bogan, T., Cabaj, A., and Schmalwiesser, A. “Lessons
Learned from Water Research Foundation’s UV Disinfection Knowledge Base.” Proceedings of the
AWWA Annual Conference and Exposition, Toronto, ON, Canada, June 24-27, 2007.
5 Wright, H.B. “UV Validation for Drinking Water Applications.” Proceedings of the WEF 2007
Disinfection Conference, Pittsburg, PA, February 4-7, 2007.
6 Wright, H.B. “Off Spec Performance and Public Health Protection with UV Disinfection.” Proceedings
of the WEF 2007 Disinfection Conference, Pittsburg, PA, February 4-7, 2007.
7 Wright, H.B., Dzurny, T., and Cabaj, A. “Impact of Non-Uniform Output from UV Lamps on Dose
Delivery and Monitoring by UV Reactors Used in Drinking Water Applications.” Proceedings of the
AWWA 2006 Water Quality Technology Conference, Denver, CO, November 5-9, 2006.
8 Wright, H.B., and D. Gaithuma. “New Risk Analysis Tool for Assessing UV Disinfection Systems for
Drinking Water Applications.” Paper presented at the AWWA Annual Conference and Exposition,
San Antonio, TX, June 11-15, 2006.
9 Rennecker, J.L., Gaithuma, D.R., and Wright, H.B. “UV Reactor Validation with Unique Piping
Configuration.” Poster presentation at the American Water Works Association 2005 Annual
Conference & Exposition, June 12-16, 2005.
10 Wright, H.B., Garside, J.C., Elliott, L.E., Garcia, M., and Fisher, J.C. “New Approaches for Evaluating
UV Disinfection Equipment Options for Water Treatment Plants.” Poster presentation at the American
Water Works Association 2005 Annual Conference & Exposition, June 12-16, 2005.
11 Wright, H.B., Rennecker. J.L., and Gaithuma, D.R. “Model Approach for Validating and Approving
UV Disinfection Equipment Options for Water Treatment Plants.” Paper presented at the American
Water Works Association 2005 Annual Conference & Exposition, June 12-16, 2005.
12 Wright, H.B., Schultz, C., Cabaj, A., Dzurny, T.M., McCurdy, K., and Ohno, Y. “Field Performance
of UV Sensor Systems Used with Drinking Water UV Disinfection Systems.” Paper presented at the
American Water Works Association 2005 Annual Conference & Exposition, June 12-16, 2005.
13 Anderson, J.E., Cushing, R.S., Salveson, A.T., and Wright, H.B. “UV Equipment Selection: What a
Utility Should Know to Avoid Getting Burned.” Paper presented at the Texas Section of the American
Water Works Association and the Water Environment Association of Texas, Texas Water 2004
Conference, Arlington, TX, April 5-8, 2004.
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14 Mackey, E.D., Wright, H.B., Fonseca, A.C., Hargy, T., and Cabaj, A. “Improving UV Validation
- Mimicking Real World Conditions.” Paper presented at the Water Environment Federation
Disinfection 2005 Conference, Phoenix, AZ, February 6-9, 2005.

core team and publications 39

 15 Wright, H.B., Dzurny, T.M., and Salveson, A.T. “Cost and Efficiency of Dose Pacing Strategies Used by
Drinking Water and Wastewater UV Systems.” Paper presented at the Water Environment Federation
Disinfection 2005 Conference, Phoenix, AZ, February 6-9, 2005.
16 Fonseca, A.C., and Wright, H.B. “Strategies for Optimizing Electrical Power Consumption with
UV Disinfection.” Paper presented at the New York Water Environment Association 2004 Annual
Conference, New York, NY, February 1-4, 2004.
17 Giese, N.L., and Wright, H.B. “Validation of UV Reactors for Drinking Water Applications.” Paper
presented at the California-Nevada Section of the American Water Works Association 2003 Annual
Fall Conference, San Diego, CA, October 6-10, 2003.
18 Payne, K. “Effects of Hardness on UV Fouling Frequency Using a Low Pressure-High Intensity Lamp.”
Paper presented at the Intermountain Section of the American Water Works Association 2003 Annual
Conference, Jackson Hole, WY, September 15-17, 2003.
19 Crozes, G.F., Cushing, R.S., Rennecker, J.L., Cleveland, C.T., and Wright, H.B. “Synergies of UV
Disinfection and Ozone in Water Treatment.” Paper presented at the International Ultraviolet
Association 2003 Annual Conference, Vienna, Austria, July 9-11, 2003.
20 Wright, H.B., and Mackey, E.D. “Rational Approaches for Defining Safety Factors for UV
Disinfection.” Paper presented at the International Ultraviolet Association 2003 Annual Conference,
Vienna, Austria, July 9-11, 2003.
21 Wright, H.B., Mackey, E.D., Cushing, R.S., Battigelli, D., Hargy, T., Clancy, J., and Peters, D.
“Experiences Developing and Using a Large-Scale UV Reactor Validation Facility.” Paper presented at
the International Ultraviolet Association 2003 Annual Conference, Vienna, Austria, July 9-11, 2003.
22 Roquebert, V.J., Wilkins, K.A., Ambrose, M., and Kahur, S. “Design of UV Treatment System for Filter
Washwater Recycle Stream.” Paper presented at the American Water Works Association 2003 Annual
Conference & Exposition, Anaheim, CA, June 15-19, 2003.
23 Wright, H.D., and Reddy, S.P. “Factors Impacting the Precision of CFD-Based Modeling of UV Reactor
Performance.” Paper presented at the American Water Works Association 2003 Annual Conference &
Exposition, Anaheim, CA, June 15-19, 2003.
24 Cushing, R.S., Fonseca, A.C., Mackey, E.D., and Broedeur, T. “An Overview of the USEPA UV
Disinfection Guidance Manual.” Paper presented at the Florida Section of the American Water Works
Association 2002 Annual Conference, Tampa, FL, November 11-14, 2002.

core team and publications

25 Wright, H.B., Mackey, E.D., and White, P.C. “UV Disinfection Compliance Monitoring for Drinking
Water Applications.” Proceedings of the American Water Works Association 2002 Water Quality
Technology Conference, Seattle, WA, November 10-13, 2002.
26 Mackey, E.D. and Wright, HB. “Using the UV Guidance Manual: Implementation of UV Disinfection
into Your Disinfection Strategy.” Workshop presented at the American Water Works Association 2002
Water Quality Technology Conference, Seattle, WA, November 10-13, 2002.
27 Wright, H.B., Mackey, E.D., Cushing, R.S., and Tekippe, T.R. “A Comparison of UV Disinfection
for Drinking Water, Wastewater, and Reclaimed Wastewater.” Paper presented at the 2002 Water
Environment Federation Technical Conference & Exposition, Chicago, IL, September 28-October 3,
2002.
28 Hart, V.S. “(Co-authored.) “The Thornton Experience: A Detailed Evaluation and Selection
Approach for Potable Water UV Disinfection Equipment.” Paper presented at the Rocky Mountain
Section of the American Water Works Association 2002 Ultraviolet Disinfection Seminar, May 29,
2002.

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40
 29 Wright, H.B., Mackey, E.D., and Cushing, R.S. “Impact of UV Intensity Sensor Properties of Dose
Delivery Compliance Monitoring for Monochromatic and Polychromatic UV Disinfection Systems.”
Paper presented at the Water Environment Federation/American Water Works Association
Disinfection 2002 Conference, St. Petersburg, FL, February 17-20, 2002.
30 Dykstra, T.S., and Gagnon, G.A. “Impact of Fouling on UV Effectiveness.” Paper presented at the
2002 Canadian Society of Civil Engineers/American Society of Civil Engineers Joint Environmental
Engineering Conference, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada, 2002.
31 Liang, S. Min, J.H., Yates, R.S., Chou, C., and Kavanaugh, M.C., Effects of Water Quality on
Destruction of Methyl tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE) by the Pulsed-UV/H2O2 Process, AWWA Water
Quality Technology Conference, November 2001.
32 Roquebert, V., Hagstrom, J., White, P. and Cushing, R. “Design of UV Disinfection System for Drinking
Water Treatment.” Presented at the American Water Works Association 2001 Annual Conference &
Exposition, Washington, D.C., June 17-21, 2001.
33 Cushing, R.S., Bolton, J., Stefan, M., Malley, J., and Mackey, E.D. “Impact of Common Water
Treatment Chemicals on UV Disinfection.” Proceedings of the American Water Works Association
2001 Annual Conference & Exposition, Washington, D.C., June 17-21, 2001.
34 Giese, N.L. and Darby, J. “Impact of Ultraviolet Disinfection on Biofilms in a Model Distribution
System.” Proceedings of the First International Congress on Ultraviolet Technologies, Washington,
D.C., June 14-16, 2001.
35 Petri, B., Olson, D., and Wright, H. “Bioassay-Validated Numerical Models for UV Reactor Design and
Scale-Up.” Paper presented at the International Ultraviolet Association First International Congress
on UV Technologies, Washington, D.C., June 14-16, 2001.
36 Mackey, E.D., Malley, J. Jr., Hargy, T., and Cushing, R.S. “MS-2 Bioassay and Cryptosporidium
Challenges: Comparing and Contrasting UV Reaction Validation Techniques.” Paper presented at the
American Water Works Association 2000 Water Quality Technology Conference, Salt Lake City, UT,
November 5-9, 2000.
37 Wright, H.B., and Lawryshyn, Y.A. “UV Technology Validation and Monitoring: Key to Regulatory
Compliance.” Paper presented at the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators 15th Annual
Conference, Portland, OR, October 2-5, 2000.
38 Mackey, E.D., and Landsness L. “State Regulatory Perspective on UV Disinfection.” Proceedings of the

core team and publications

2000 American Water Works Association Annual Conference & Exposition, Denver, CO, June 11-15,
2000.

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41
 Carollo is currently
ranked within Engineering
News Record's top 100 design
firms . . . ENR's annual Source
Book ranks Carollo among the
top 10 firms for water
and wastewater treatment
plant design.
V:\CompanySOQs\UVDisinfection\Indd\05ComProfUV.indd
Carollo has engineered water
projects across the country.
water and wastewater experts
Carollo Engineers is an environmental engineering firm specializing
in the planning, design, and construction of water and wastewater
facilities and infrastructure. Carollo’s reputation is based upon client
service, a continual commitment to quality, and technical leadership.
During our 76-year history, Carollo has successfully completed more
than 15,000 projects for public sector clients. Carollo is currently
ranked within Engineering News Record’s top 100 design firms. More
importantly, ENR’s annual Source Book ranks Carollo among the
top 10 firms for water and wastewater treatment plant design. Unlike
many of our competitors, Carollo provides only water and wastewater
engineering services.
With our focus on water and wastewater, we recruit nationwide and
hire technical staff who have the extensive background and training
specific to this field. For that reason, the quality and professional
standing of our core group of water and wastewater professionals
equals or exceeds that provided by some of the largest engineering
firms in the U.S.
Resources
Carollo’s staff numbers
more than 800 employees,
including more than 320
registered engineers. We are a
full-service water and wastewater
engineering company with
the experience and qualified
professionals to successfully manage
projects of any size. Our staff includes
civil, sanitary, electrical, environmental,
mechanical, chemical, structural,
instrumentation, and corrosion
control engineers, as well as
architects, planners and specialists in other areas. These individuals
perform work solely on water and wastewater related facilities.
company profile 42

Carollo’s state-of-the-art computer
network allows us to effectively
communicate between offices and
interface with almost any engineering
software on the market today.
Carollo provides only water
and wastewater engineering
services, resulting in a level of
understanding of key project issues
that few can match.
V:\CompanySOQs\UVDisinfection\Indd\05ComProfUV.indd
management philosophy
Carollo’s management philosophy and the
success of our company are founded on simple
precepts:
!! Seek out, hire, and hold onto the best
people in the business. We recognize that
the most critical element for a successful
project is the project team. Carollo
aggressively recruits the top candidates from
the leading engineering schools across the
country. We train and mentor these engineers
to become the next generation of leaders
for Carollo and the industry. This long-term
commitment to developing excellent engineers has
resulted in a depth of talent unmatched by other
consulting firms.
!! Specialize in the planning, design and construction
management of water and wastewater projects. This is our
business. Our success hinges solely upon our ability to provide
responsive service to our municipal clients.
!! Commit our partners to an active role in every project.
This provides our clients with top management interest, clear
accountability, responsiveness, and talent—and helps to ensure
that the necessary staff and resources are committed to each
assignment.
!! Focus on client service. Carollo knows the value of listening to
our clients and recognizes that successful projects result from the
combined expertise of our staff and the client’s staff. This
commitment to understanding client needs and valuing their
input is one of the cornerstones of Carollo’s success.
company profile
LEADERS IN WATER ENGINEERING
Carollo has provided design and construction management services
for more than 100 water treatment plants with a total capacity of
more than 3.5 billion gallons per day, more than 1,000 miles of water
pipeline ranging in size from 6 to 108 inches in diameter, and more
than 100 water pumping stations with capacities as high as 600 mgd.
We have recently completed or are performing ongoing water projects
for many of the country’s major municipalities or special districts. A
few examples of Carollo’s achievements include:
!! Conceiving and developing the custom design approach for
low-pressure membrane water treatment plant design. Carollo
developed our own custom, non-proprietary, non-packaged pilot
plant unit, which has been successfully tested in Kansas City, MO.
43
 !! Engineering the fast-paced design/build expansion of the Palm
Our client list includes the following: Coast, FL, reverse osmosis (RO) water treatment plant from
!! City of Phoenix, AZ 3.2 to 9.6 mgd. Carollo completed preliminary design and
!! East Bay Municipal Utility obtained all permits just eight weeks after beginning work to help
District, Oakland, CA facilitate successful completion of this project in just 15 months.
!! Metropolitan Water District of !! Conducting the first U.S. testing and evaluation of electrodialysis
Southern California reversal (EDR) for perchlorate treatment.
!! Sacramento Regional County !! Achieving leadership in ultraviolet (UV) disinfection, first for
Sanitation District, CA
wastewater applications in the western United States and now
!! City of San Diego, CA for UV drinking water applications. Carollo was the primary
!! City and County of San Francisco, author of the USEPA UV Disinfection Guidance manual. We also
CA developed and operate the world's largest UV validation facility in
!! City of Sacramento, CA Portland, OR.
!! Denver Water Department, CO !! Designing the preozonation and intermediate ozonation at two
!! City of Minneapolis, MN water treatment facilities for the City of Arlington, TX, using
our computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling to optimize
!! Kansas City, MO
ozone contactor design. Carollo also conducted a joint research
!! City of St. Louis, MO project with various utilities in the Phoenix, AZ, area to evaluate
!! City of Las Vegas, NV ozonation and biological filtration to meet long-term finished
!! Southern Nevada Water water quality goals, leading to design and construction of
Authority, NV ozonation facilities in Gilbert and Peoria, AZ.
!! City of Arlington, TX !! Designing, in a joint venture, the world’s largest ozone generation
!! City of Austin, TX system at a water treatment facility in Las Vegas, NV.
!! Upper Trinity Regional Water
District, TX
FORMULA FOR SUCCESS
Much of our success as an industry leader is based on our ability to
offer advanced solutions that are practical, affordable, and reliable.
We strive to maximize the use of existing infrastructure
whenever possible, promote environmental conservation,
and make the best technologies available at a competitive
cost.

A major factor in maintaining Carollo’s ability to integrate

new technology is the Carollo Water Research Group
(CWRG). The relationship between our design engineers
and the CWRG is unique in the industry and serves as a
company-wide resource for evaluating water quality and
treatability data, performing pilot studies, developing
design criteria, tailoring design solutions to water quality
V:\CompanySOQs\UVDisinfection\Indd\05ComProfUV.indd

Carollo designed the 624-mgd Alfred Merritt
Smith Water Treatment Plant ozone contactor
for the Southern Nevada Water Authority. It is
the world's largest ozone system at a water
treatment facility.
issues, and addressing regulatory compliance concerns.
Our firm takes pride in the large number of clients with whom we
have maintained continuing working relationships. We have worked
with some clients for more than 70 years—a clear indication of the
quality of our work, our control of costs, and our ability to meet

company profile 44
 schedules. This dedication to quality has resulted in a long list of
successful projects and satisfied clients, some of which are highlighted
in the table below.

Project Elements

n s)

nt
gallo

atme

ing
l Tre
illion

andl
g
tion

ndlin
tiona
ty (m

es

ical H
on
c
isinfe
bran

s Ha
mati
ven
aci

ne

Chem
UV D
Representative Water Treatment Projects

Mem

Solid
Auto
Ozo
Cap

Con
Client/Project
Southern Nevada Water Authority, Las Vegas, Nevada - Southern
624 l l l l l
Nevada Water System Improvements Project
City of Phoenix, Arizona - Val Vista Water Treatment Plant 220 l l l l
City of Phoenix, Arizona - Union Hills Water Treatment Plant 160 l l l l
City of Sacramento, California - E.A. Fairbairn Water Treatment Plant 160 l l l l
City of Sacramento, California - Sacramento River Water Treatment
160 l l l l
Plant
Metropolitan Water District of Salt Lake City and Sandy, Utah -
150 l l l l
Little Cottonwood Water Treatment Plant
City of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma - Draper Water Treatment Plant 150 l l l l
East Bay Municipal Utility District, California - Walnut Creek Water
120 l l l l l
Treatment Plant
Santa Clara Valley Water District, California - Santa Teresa Water
100 l l l l
Treatment Plant
Santa Clara Valley Water District, California - Rinconada Water
75 l l l l
Treatment Plant
City of Arlington, Texas - Pierce-Burch Water Treatment Plant 68 l l l l
City of Arlington, Texas - John F. Kubala Water Treatment Plant 65 l l l l
Santa Clara Valley Water District, California - Penitencia Water
42 l l l l
Treatment Plant
City of Vallejo, California - Fleming Hill Water Treatment Plant 42

company profile
l l l l l
Town of Gilbert, Arizona - Gilbert Water Treatment Plant 30 l l l l
City of Peoria, Arizona - Greenway Water Treatment Plant 16 l l l l l
Upper Trinity Regional Water District, Texas - Tom Harpool Water
16 l l l l
Treatment Plant
Brazos River Authority, Texas - Brazos River Authority Water
15 l l l
Treatment Plant
City of Lake Forest, Illinois - Lake Forest Water Treatment Plant 14 l l l l
City of Neenah, Wisconsin - Neenah Water Treatment Plant 12 l l l l
United Water Missouri - United Water Missouri Treatment Plant 8 l l
City of South Bend, Washington - South Bend Water Treatment Plant 2 l l l

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45
c
arol
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com