Senior High School Department

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This research will not be successful without the help and support, either morally
or financially of the following individuals. We would like to express a special thanks to
those people who become part of this research study.

First of all, we would like to thank the God Almighty for giving us another day to
live. Thank you God for giving us knowledge, strength and guidance in order to complete
this task.

Secondarily, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to our subject teacher
Mr. Rud Albert Abao, for exerting effort on reading and reviewing our work, as well as
giving us ideas on how we can proceed unto the project. Thank you sir for all your
suggestions and without your guidance and advice, we would not come up with this
together.

We would also like to extend a sincere gratitude to the mother of one of the
researchers who lend us laptop to start encoding our research and also to the grandfather
of one of the researchers who also lend us laptop to complete our encoding process. To
Abellana residence, thank you for accommodating us in making this project. We will
forever be grateful of your hospitality. We would also want to express a warm thank you
to Manong welder for building the structure of our prototype.

Lastly, we are grateful to our parents for giving us love, financial support as well
us for motivating us, that we can do this and we can complete this study within the
limited time frame. We are forever grateful for their undying support and exerting effort
to support our expenses.
Senior High School Department

TABLE OF CONTENT

Acknowledgement

Table of Content

Abstract

Chapter 1 –Problem and its Background

Background of the study

Purpose of the Capstone Project

Scope and Limitation

Significance of the Study

Definition of Terms

Chapter 2 –Review of Related Literature

Foreign Literature

Local Literature

Chapter 3- Technical Background

Technicality of the Project

Details of the Technology of the Project

How the Project will work? (User’s Manual)

Cost and Benefit Analysis

Chapter 4 – Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

Appendices

Documentation

References

Curriculum Vitae
Senior High School Department

ABSTRACT

Paper is an indispensable need when it comes to office and school work. It is thru
paper that we visualize reports of audits and figures including grades of students,
specially paper works that includes their thesis and research paper. Most of the time,
people see paper as an object but not to it’s well spring. Conserving cutting of trees,
paper waste that saves money, time and energy is what it takes to make an Ink remover
machine.

It is thru an assumption that the prototype, Ink remover, can make a great change
for the environment and the institutions as well as a smart investment that is easy and
comfortable to use with. This study is created with the primary purpose of potentially
recycle disposed printed bond papers in institutions particularly in school.

The findings have shown that the chemical used as ink remover was a success.
Thus making the entire rotating mode of operation of the prototype an achievement.
Senior High School Department

CHAPTER 1

PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The focus of this study is directed towards solution to the wastage of printed used
papers because 45% of printed papers ends up trash by the end of the day. The
assumption is that innovatively erase the ink in the used printed bond paper thru a
chemical and finds its way to a machine that will result to a newly recycled paper to be
reuse again in the means of printing new articles, reports, data and such.

The study was conducted because we, the researcher observed the pile if used
printed bond papers in our school, especially in the faculty. Making 1-ton recycling paper
with waste paper can save 100t pure water, 600kw power, 9 trees of a hundred growth,
1.2 t coal, 300kg chemical raw material, a lot of money for disposing waste paper and
decrease 3m solid waste and 60 pound industrial waste gas. In paper industry people cut
off large stretches of forest to make paper, with over exploited, people have to face forest
resource shortage.(bestonpapermachine.com)

We, the researcher, were encouraged to make this capstone project because it is
environmental friendly. One hectare of forest can make 45t wood. According to data,
recycling waste paper can protect 17 big trees.

Recycling paper, according to studies reduced disposed on land fills that can
pollute the land. The environment value of forest is larger than the wood value. In forest
its wood can provide 1.3 t oxygen gas and by means of recycling paper you can protect
earth ecological system.(paper machine.com)

Ink remover machine: a machine that removes ink from printed bond paper, is
prototype of a useful machine. This capstone project matters because the ability to make
your own paper at the push of a button could be a huge help to save money and
environment.
Senior High School Department

PURPOSE OF THE CAPSTONE PROJECT

The purpose of this capstone project generally is to recycle. It is to find innovative

solutions in problem of cutting trees for paper usage in school and work as well as to
lessen the burden of buying more copier paper for printing out examination papers,
reports and articles in work and school. Although this capstone project is only limited to
students and teachers of Gingoog City Colleges, Gingoog City, it can still be applicable
to other institution. The purpose is plain and simple. To contribute to global
environmental issues with the use of science and technology.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This study will focus on developing a Ink remover machine for the students and
teachers of Gingoog City Colleges as its scope. The machine will help the students and
teachers to have a new paper without buying a new one, through recycling used printed
bond paper.

The study itself is limited to black color ink, printed on a bond paper that is not
too thick nor thin. Its mode of operation is limited to human capability to exert force on
rotating the handle in order for the cylinder to move

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Paper is useful in many field. May it be in school or at work. It helps us visualize

the text we need to learn and report, it helps us write our thoughts and data as well as
very beneficial in printing all the necessary paper works. Hence, the more the paper are in
demand, the more trees are need to be cut down that takes a long time to grow.

This project aims to assess and give solution to minimize cutting of trees and
extravagant paper waste which in fact can be recycle and reuse.

1. Is it possible to remove ink in the used paper?

2. Is it possible to turn the used printed paper into new one without damaging its texture?
Senior High School Department

3. What is the capacity of the machine to produce recycled paper?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This capstone project will be of big help to the following:

SCHOOL ADMIN:

The ability to make your own paper at the push of a button could be a huge win
looking to save money instead of buying reams of copier paper to print data's,
examination papers, memorandums and such.

STUDENTS:

The students will be of big discount in paying school miscellaneous fees because
the school already saved from using recycled paper.

TEACHERS:

the teachers will not think of the submitted printed project of the students as a
burden causing a disordered pile of printed bond papers in the faculty because it will be
reuse and recycle.

FUTURE RESEARCHERS:

It will give them an idea either to improvise the machine’s mode of operation or
create another project that can still save the environment and beneficial to education
system.
Senior High School Department

DEFINITION OF TERMS

 Reams- an amount of paper that equals 480, 500, or 516 sheets.

 Ink remover- a liquid chemical that you use to remove something.
 Wastage- wasteful use of something valuable: loss of something by using too
much of it or using it in a way that is not necessary or effective.
 Ink- a colored fluid used for writing, drawing, printing, or duplicating.
 Prototype-a original or first model of something from which other forms are
copied or developed.
 Trough- a long narrow, open container for mixing chemical. A channel used to
convey a screen so that a liquid.
 Recycle – to make something new from something that has been used before.
 Paper- material manufactured in thin sheets from the pulp of wood or other
fibrous substances, used for writing, drawing, or printing on, or as wrapping
material
 Printing machines- a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface
resting upon a print medium, thereby transferring the ink.
Senior High School Department

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

FOREIGN LITERATURE

Dhaval Thakar et al, This point stripper for new paper about small and medium
scale industries manufacturing component have to point for protecting from so that spray
application consumes maximum time and point which required the skilled worker
emerged with the application.

According to Thomas counsel and Julian allwood Of the university of

Cambridge , who have investigated print removed techniques in a recent study. Counell
and Allwood noted that the idea is not new. Since in medieval times monks have removes
the print from parchment to allow it to be reused, and a handful of patents already exist
on the concept through the techniques. Since medieval times monks have remove the
printed from parchment to allow it to be reused, and a handful of patents already exist on
the concept. In 2006, counsel and allwood outlined a program of research in toner
removal and their most recent study, published in the proceedings of the Rogel Society A.
demonstrates a promising toner removal method. They tound that a combination of
solvents can remove toner print from paper without farming the paper to make it reusable.
Although the resulting paper is not quite as white as new paper.

The new scientist at Toshiba have also developed a machine which can remove
ink from paper, it only works with a special toner made by the company the Cambridge
scientists, on the other hand, have manage to develop a non-abrasive method which does
away with the need from chemical solvents.

John KBorchard (1997). The use of surfactants in de-inking paper for paper
recycling, Many de-inking surfactants have been claimed in patents. Alcohol ethoxylates
and alkylphenol ethoxylates are commonly used in wash de-inking whereas alcohol
alkoxylates and fatty acid alkoxylates are commonly used in flotation de-inking and
Senior High School Department

combined flotation/wash de-inking processes. Dispersed ink particle redeposition onto

cellulose fibers is a significant problem. Recent developments have occurred in the
improvement of de-inking chemicals and in the understanding of surface chemistry.

PuddingtonBryan and Sexton (1988). Ink removal from waste paper. Waste paper,
particularly newsprint, is treated to release adhering ink particles (e.g. pigment carbon)
from the paper fibers, and the ink solids (and organic contaminants) are then
preferentially collected on the surface of inserted non-soap solids which have an affinity
for, and are of larger size than, the ink solids. The ink-coated solids can be removed from
the system by suitable physical means such as hydrocyclones, screens or decantation.

PC Howard (1988). Printing press roller ink remover. A printing press roller ink
remover which has a solid ink transfer roller (20) that is contiguously driver by the press
ink roller. The invention includes a plurality of side by side scraping blades (24) that
selectively engage the roller to remove the transferred ink. A separated ink collector
roller (26) receives the removed ink and is scraped clean by a single doctor blade (28)
which deposits the ink on to a disposable liner (32) in a pan (30) underneath. The separate
blades (24) are placed into their scraping position, either manually, or driven by
pneumatic or electrical power. Selection is made by microprocessor signals, or by the
operator, to uniformly correct the color density of the printing material.

William G. Gardner, III (1994). Emphasizing ink removing applicator and ink
removal method. An applicator for eradicating or removing transparent or translucent
emphasizing inks, particularly from a paper surface, wherein a liquid bleaching agent in
the container for the emphasizing ink and means on one end of the container, such as a
felt tip or roller, to apply a thin film of the liquid bleaching agent to the emphasizing ink
and to effect the eradication or removal thereof without substantially affecting the
removal or eradication of the underlying ink or printed material which has been
emphasized. A method of eradicating transparent ink markings from a surface, such as a
paper surface, which method comprises applying a liquid bleaching agent over the ink
marked portion of the surface to be eradicated to chemically bleach and eradicate the ink
material so marked without substantially affecting any printed ink or print on the
underlying surface.
Senior High School Department

LOCAL LITERATURE

There are thousands of fruit tree species and the Philippines is a country blessed
to be growing more than 300 edible fruit bearing species. Thirty percent (30%) of these
are indigenous and endemic, while the remainder were introduced from other tropical
countries (Coronel, 2011). High value fruit trees can now be grown into profitable
ventures in Luzon and elsewhere. Orchard growers of rambutan, durian, lanzones,
mangosteen, longan, lychee, pitaya and atemoya are managing booming enterprises.
Based on proceedings of the 16th Annual National Fruit Symposium conducted by the
Philippine Fruit Association, these fruit trees were previously abundant in Mindanao and
Vizayas, and lately they have gained popularity, adaptability and productivity in Northern
Luzon, Philippines. Endemic and indigenous fruit bearing trees should be given attention
because they have great potential to be grown commercially and the fruit may be
consumed raw and is suitable for processing. Moreover, they are easier to cultivate
because of their greater resistance to disease and resilience to the climatic conditions in
the locality. Experiment Stations of the Department of Agriculture at Tapaya, Villaros,
Bagabag and Nueva Vizcayacater to the technology needs of the hillyland growers in the
province.

Torres A.S (2002). Enzyme deinking of laser and xerographic printed wastepapers
produced in the Philippines. Laser and xerographic printed papers (50:50 ratio by weight)
were deinked with a mixture of cellulases and hemicellulases (CELLULYVE TR400) at
different pH levels, enzyme dosages and floatation times. Deinking was undertaken by
repulping shredded laser and xerographic printed papers (LXPP) at 60 deg C in an
aqueous solution (10% consistency) containing the enzyme. After enzymatic treatment,
the mixture was transferred to a floatation cell to remove the ink. In the floatation cell,
the temperature ranged from 35-45 deg C, 1% consistency and pH of 6.5-7.5 were used.
The floatation-deinked stocks samples were washed with water at room temperature and
deactivated with hot water (90-95 deg C) for 10 minutes. The resulting pulps were
formed into handsheets and tested for brightness, effective residual ink concentration
(ERIC) and strength properties (burst, tear and tensile indices). The enzyme-deinked
Senior High School Department

pulps exhibited higher brightness and lower effective residual ink concentrations than the
untreated and conventionally deinked paper. The gain in brightness ranged from 2 to 8
units while ERIC reduction was up to 70%. Brightness values of enzyme deinked pulps at
pH 7 and 8 were significantly higher than those deinked at pH 5 and 6. Tear and burst
strengths of the enzyme-deinked LXPP were not adversely affected by the treatment
while the tensile strength increased. Based on statistical analysis, the deinking conditions
for laser and xerographic printed papers that resulted in hand sheets with the most
acceptable properties were at pH 8, 10 min floatation time and 0.4% dosage for the
enzyme used in the study. Final enzyme deinking trial was conducted using pH of 8, 10
min floatation time and 0.4% enzyme dose. Statistical analyses showed that the properties
of the handsheets produced were better than the hand sheets from the preliminary enzyme
deinking and conventional deinking trials. The deinked hand sheets produced from the
final deinking trials were brighter than those deinked from the preliminary trials.
Brightness of hand sheets from the preliminary trials averaged 87.5% ISO [International
Standard Organization] while the averaged value for ERIC was 47. The average burst,
tensile and tear indices of hand sheets made from the final trials were (4.36 kPa.m.2/g,
48.42 N.m/g and 11.47 mN.m2/g, respectively) which were higher than those in the
preliminary trials. The differences could be attributed to the use of non-metallic container
during repulping stage in the final trial. Both the enzyme old deinking chemicals
exhibited an ability to reduce toner ink from LXPP. However, the CELLULYVE TR400
showed a greater efficiency in removing the particles of ink than the deinking chemicals
Senior High School Department

CHAPTER 3

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

TECHNICALITY OF THE PROJECT

This prototype that aims to access and give solution to minimize cutting of trees
and extravagant paper waste where in the assumption to erase the ink in the used printed
bond paper thru a chemical and finds its way inside the machine that will result to a
useful recycle bond paper. The recycled bond paper would generally be used to print new
articles, test papers or any data that needs printing.

The main factor that needs to be considered in the field of technicality is its ability
to perform of this prototype is subjected to the input and output process of a printing
machine, the materials that incorporates the prototype

The prototype ‘primarily purpose is to reuse, reduce and recycle helping save the
environment in an efficient and smart way.

DETAILS OF THE TECHNOLOGY OF THE PROJECT

The prototype is named Ink Remover Machine, basically it is a machine that

recycle used printed bond paper into new one.

The design of this prototype is subjected to the input and output process of a
printing machine. the materials that incorporates prototype includes:

Paint Stripper Chemical- The main substance needed to remove the ink in the printed
bond paper.

Printed Bond Paper- The subject on this machine that is needed to test whether the
chemical will work and the paper will be of use.
Senior High School Department

Stainless Cylinder - it is placed above it. The bottom of the lower cylinder took up the
point stripper ink from a trough.

Sponge Foam- the material inserted into the bottom cylinder and absorb the chemical
unto the paper.

Disposable food container- it is the material used to make a trough.

Handle Bar - a medium to make on easy and full grip access in turning the metal cylinder.

COST AND BENEFIT ANALYSIS

A.) Cost Analysis

MATERIALS QUANTITY PRICE TOTAL

Stainless Cylinder 2 pieces (12 ₱280.00 ₱560.00
inches)
Sponge Foam 15 pieces ₱18.00 ₱270.00
Trough 1 piece ₱35.00 ₱35.00
Chemical I bottle of 50 ml ₱50.00 ₱50.00
TOTAL ₱ 950.00
B.) Miscellaneous

EXPENSE November December January February March TOTAL

S
Load ₱50 ₱50 ₱50 ₱50 ₱50 ₱250
Print ₱50 ₱300 ₱450 ₱800
Log book ₱40 ₱40
Folder ₱15 ₱65 ₱80
Fare ₱200 ₱100 ₱200 ₱500
Book bound ₱35 ₱70 ₱105
Foods ₱100 ₱100 ₱100 ₱200 ₱500
TOTAL ₱2,275

C.) Benefit Analysis

Senior High School Department

Price of the Product ₱10,000.00

Cost Analysis ₱4,000.00

__________

Profit ₱ 6,000.00

CHAPTER 4
Senior High School Department

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION

SUMMARY

The study presented an ink remover machine as a medium to represent the

outcome of the purpose of the study. With the aid of the chemical that adheres unto the
paper in order to remove the black ink, printed on the bond paper. The stainless cylinder
rolls unto the paper to press it and put force to scratch off the ink.

Before using the machine on hand, the researchers tested its efficacy with the use
of human force. Which means it was proven effective with the aid of sufficient amount of
chemical and exact force from the hand to scratch off the ink.

Thus, there are phases of difficulty encountered by the prototype: Ink Remover,
such as the limitation of the working process of the machine as well as its structure.

CONCLUSION

After series of tests, it is concluded that when using the machine, sufficient
amount of chemical must be put on, in order not to soak the paper that may cause it to
torn. Thru series of tests, it was found out that the quality of bond paper with black ink
printed, should not be too thick nor thin.

The study needs more time to analyze its level of difficulty, regarding on how to
selectively engage the roller to press even more in order to remove the ink for it to be
reuse as copier paper. Over all, the researchers conclude that effort and Patience is
required.
Senior High School Department

RECOMMENDATION

For the future researchers, this device needs further improvement in terms of its
quality to erase the encoded black ink on a bond paper. It needs improvement on sizes of
roller presser, the sponge foam also should be put unto the rollers, tight and fully secure.
Its structure should be designed technically for it to look more interesting and with a
sense of science and technology. Lastly, the researchers recommend to exert more time,
effort, patience and teamwork to complete this project.

APPENDICES
Senior High School Department

DOCUMENTATION
Senior High School Department

REFERENCES

INTERNET

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=20&q=ink+remover+in+philippines&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5
Senior High School Department

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=ink+remover+for+printed+paper+local+literature&btnG=

https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=ink+remover+in+philippines&btnG=

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359029497800842

https://patents.google.com/patent/US4749473A/en

bestonpapermachine.com

https://patents.google.com/patent/US4782756A/en

BOOK

Introduction to Technology, Teachers Annotated Edition. Pierce et al Karwatka

(1993).

CURRICULUM VITAE
Senior High School Department

Sheryl B. Abellana

Barangay

Contact No. 09164521893

Email: abellanasheryl@gmail.com

PERSONAL DATA

Date of Birth: April 11, 2002

Citizenship: Filipino

Sex: Female

Civil Status: Single

Religion: Roman Catholic

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Elementary : Manuel Lugod Central School

2012-2013

Secondary : Gingoog Institute Christian College

2017-2018

Senior High School : Gingoog City Colleges

Science Technology Engineering Mathematics

2019-2020

Mary Regine Balacuit

Senior High School Department

North Poblacion, Medina, Misamis Oriental

Contact No: 09555231159

Email: arymbalacuit@gmail.com

PERSONAL DATA

Date of Birth: October 12, 2000

Citizenship: Filipino
Sex: Female
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Senior High School Gingoog City Colleges

Science Technology Engineering Mathematics
2019-2020

Junior High School St. Isidore School

2016-2017

Elementary St. Isidore School

2011-2012
Senior High School Department

Joana Maye G. Binaohan

Purok 3 Barangay San Juan, Gingoog City

Contact No. 09555230662

Email: joanagobinaohan@gmail.com

PERSONAL DATA

Date of Birth: December 18, 1999

Citizenship: Filipino

Sex: Female

Civil Status: Single

Religion: Roman Catholic

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Elementary : Lunao Central School

2010-2011

Secondary : St. Mary's Academy

2015-2016

Senior High School : Gingoog City Colleges

Science Technology Engineering Mathematics

2019-2020
Senior High School Department

April Joy C. Ruto

Bal-ason, Gingoog City, Mis. Or

Contact No: 09971651772

Email: twentyfifth@gmail.com

PERSONAL DATA

Date of Birth: April 25, 2002

Citizenship: Filipino
Sex: Female
Civil Status: Single
Religion: CFGA, Born Again

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Senior High School Gingoog City Colleges

Science Technology Engineering Mathematics
2019-2020

Junior High School Jacinto D. Malimas Sr. National High School

2017-2018

Elementary Bal-ason Central School

2012-2013
Senior High School Department
Senior High School Department
Senior High School Department